Modeling Continuing Resources in FRBR [and More]

Judith A. KuhagenCPSO, Library of Congress

FRBR Workshop - OCLCMay 2, 2005

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Continuing resources

Bibliographic resource issued over time with no predetermined conclusion:

– Serials

– Ongoing integrating resources

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Serial

A continuing resource issued in a succession of discrete parts, usually bearing numbering, that has no predetermined conclusion.– Includes magazines, electronic journals, annual reports,

newspapers, monographic series …

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Integrating resource

A bibliographic resource that is added to or changed by means of updates that do not remain discrete and are integrated into the whole– Continuing (or finite)– Includes updating loose-leafs and updating Web sites

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Challenges of continuing resources?

Seriality

Number of records per cataloging codes

Range of relationships, especially for serials

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Seriality

Susceptibility to change over time:– Title(s)– Responsible persons/bodies– Publisher, manufacturer, etc.– Numbering– Content– Physical carrier– Etc.

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How is seriality of serials handled in cataloging codes?

Number of records:– One record, or– Multiple (successive) records

Description in record:– Based on latest issue, or– Based on earliest issue

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How is seriality of integrating resources handled in cataloging codes?

Often not in general cataloging codes (e.g., not in AACR2 until Dec. 2002)

Principle of single record based on latest (i.e., current) iteration/state of resource– Update single record as resource changes

Reality: sometimes multiple records for single resource due to difficulties in identification of resource

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What is a serial work?

RCA series on safe climbing (v. 1-7)changed to:

Safe climbing series of the Rock Climbing Association (v. 8-12)

changed to:

Safe climbing series of the RCA (no. 1-

3 works or 2 or 1?

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If work-ness is related to number of records …

If issues on previous slide cataloged per AACR2 Dec. 2002+ = 1 record based on v. 1

If cataloged per AACR2 prior to Dec. 2002 = 3 records, each based on earliest issue of each segment

If cataloged prior to AACR = 2 records: one record for 1st & 2nd titles based on v. 8; another record for 3rd title

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Relationships of serials

Earlier/later within the “same serial” Earlier/later beyond the “same serial”

– Mergers, splits Alternate editions*

– Language– Physical medium

Reproductions Whole/part

*Considered most important by IFLA FRBR CR Group

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Earlier/later within the “same serial”

Proposal: consider that all segments of a serial (represented by one or multiple bibliographic records due to different methods of accommodating seriality) together equal one serial work

Important:– Be able to find– Be able to identify

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Earlier/later beyond the same serial

Proposal doesn’t mean condensing all serials into only a few “mega-serials”

New serial works when chronological relationship is not a one-to-one relationship– Mergers– Splits

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Alternate editions

Important: beyond finding and identifying, being able to select

– User’s preference/need for language

– User’s preference/need for physical format

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Reproductions

May not be issued/released with same mode of issuance as the “original”– Should be considered as same to satisfy the user’s need to

find and identify = surrogate for the original

User’s need to select: preference/need for different physical format

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Whole/part

Some serials and integrating resources are aggregate resources (work of works), e.g.:– Monographic series: volumes– Journals: issues, articles– Loose-leaf services: monographs, serials, integrating

resources

May or may be bibliographic record for resource as a whole – local decision

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Title

has has

hasEditorial version Linguistic version

Continuing resource content

is published as

representsPublication

has

Physical version – general type has

Physical version – specific type is materialized as

Set of Individual Individual issuesissues, is part of issue is part of bound togethercomplete

is part of[Patrick Le Bœuf 25aug04]

is component of

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Other resources with seriality?

Yes, behavior not affected by intended end:– Finite integrating resources– Multipart monographs

Somewhat easier to manage:– Identifying what is a work/expression– Number of records: usually only one

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What adjustments to FRBR model?

Acknowledging seriality of resources (noted in “Areas for further study”)

Reconsidering some attributes

Another mode of issuance: streaming resources

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Acknowledging seriality

Attributes of a manifestation now only for concurrent manifestations:– Different title, place of publication, publisher, series,

physical medium, etc.

Need concept of consecutive manifestations of same work/expression– Change in title, place of publication, publisher, series,

physical medium, etc.

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Reconsidering some attributes

Redefining some expression attributes as belonging to manifestation, e.g.,– Expected regularity of issue (serial)*– Expected frequency of issue (serial)*

Considering if edition/issue designation, now at manifestation level, should also be at expression level for some serials

*proposal from the CONSER Task Force on FRBR and Continuing Resources

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Streaming resources

From work of Carol Van Nuys and her colleagues in Paradigma Project

Consider:– Resources themselves vs. how resources represented by

bibliographic records– Attributes same or different?

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Non-bibliographic model

Using work authority record: next two slides as examples– From Barbara Tillett’s presentation at American Library

Association (Jan. 2005)

http://www.ala.org/ala/alctscontent/serialssection/serialscomm/contresourcecata/2005midwintermeeting.htm

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Fixed fields010 LCCN035 System control number022 1091-6660 $8 1 ISSN022 1744-9979 $8 2040 Cataloging source050 RM173 LC class number130 Therapeutic apheresis $f Feb. 1997-

Dec. 2002 $8 1130 Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis $f Jan.

2003- $8 2430 $w d $a Ther Apher Dial $8 2

Sample authority record (partial)

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1XX Title ABC $f Jan. 1955 – Sept. 1986 $8 11XX Title ADF $f Oct. 1986 – Dec, 2003 $8 21XX Title BGH $f Jan. 2004- $8 34XX Variant ABCyy $8 1530 Title P $0 (DLC) n5112345 $w a530 Title Q $0 (DLC) n4783376 $w a580 Note to explain P and Q merged to form ABC852 Link to holdings record $8 1852 Link to holdings record $8 2852 Link to holdings record $8 3852 Link to holdings record for digital $8 1 $8 2 $8 3

Another example

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Questions/Discussion?