SystemDesign

Modelica/DymolaModelica/Dymolaa multidomain modelling and a multidomain modelling and

simulation environment for fuel cells?simulation environment for fuel cells?

SystemDesign

SystemDesign

Challenge

easy to use models for several purposes (concept studies, design, optimisation, control design, HIL-Simulation, customer consulting, life cycle cost analysis, ..)

various time scales and granularity of modules scales of dynamic behaviour (balance between details

and speed) hybrid process (continuous and discreet) reuse and exchange of existing models model sharing

SystemDesign

Benefits

better understanding of behaviour and processes (complete analysis capabilities)

faster design and evaluation of new concepts evaluation of critical states and limits multi-domain system integration multi-level simulation (same component – different

views) model exchange and modelling network

SystemDesign

Multidomain Modelling

Multidomain-Model

Specialised Tools

+ Interfaces

Modelling by

Uniform Language

Equations MultiportsBlocks System Dynamics

Excel

Matlab

ACSL

Simulink STELLA

BerkeleyMadonna

Powersim

Vensim

Modelica

VHDL-AMS

SystemDesign

System Dynamics vs. Signal Flow Modelling

Example mass of the incoming

freight car: 60 t mass of the resting freight

car: 30 t velocity: 3 m/s four buffers with spring

and friction (105 mm, 30 kN, 600 kN, 200 kN)

brakes not applied

SystemDesign

System Dynamics

Impuls 1 Impuls 2

Kraft

v10

m1 m2

v1 v2

Delta s

Delta v

F0

D

Delta D

signDelta v

Pufferhub

Pufferkraft

13:51 Mit, 18. Sep 2002

0.00 0.06 0.13 0.19 0.25

Time

1:

1:

1:

2:

2:

2:

0.00

2.00

4.00

1: v1 2: v2

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

v Dia (Untitled)

SystemDesign

Signal Flow (Simulink)

0

v20

u(2)/u(1)

v2

3

v10

u(2)/u(1)

v1

vu(1)*u(2)

p20

u(1)*u(2)

p10

XY GraphSignDelta_PH

SignDellta_v

(0.5+0.5*u(1))*(u(2)+(u(3)+u(4)*u(5))*u(6))

Pufferkraft

0.5

Pufferhub

30000

Masse2

60000

Masse1

2

Kraft

30000

F0

s

1

Delta_ss

1

Delta_p

0.5

Delta_D

3.524e6

D

SystemDesign

Physics of Dynamical Systems

area quantity potential

gravitation mass gravitational

hydraulics volume pressure

mechanics

translational momentum velocity

rotational angular moment. angular velocity

thermodynamics entropy temperature

electricity charge electrical

chemistry am. of substance chemical

SystemDesign

dynamic systems

system

states

processes

exchange of

information

energy

momentum,

angular momentum

electric charge

entropy

mass,

amount of substance

SystemDesign

Multiport Modelling

System

equations

states

thermal connection (temperature, heat)

mechanical connection (v, p; , L; p, V)

electrical connection (U, Q)

1/s

SystemDesign

Hierarchical Aggregation

Level of storages

Level of phases

Level of processunits

Structured process model

Storage level library

hierarchicalaggregation

Virtual fuel cell lab

Idee und Schaubild von

R. Hanke, M. Mangold und

K. Sundmacher

Max-Planck-Institut für

Dynamik komplexer

Systeme

Magdeburg

SystemDesign

VHDL-AMS vs. Modelica: resistor

entity Resistor is

port (terminal p, n: electrical)

generic (R: REAL:= 5);

end Resistor;

architecture R1 of Resistor is

quantity vR across iR through p to n;

begin

vR == R*iR;

end R1;

nature electrical is

voltage across

current through;

model Resistor „einfacher Widerstand“

pin p, n;

parameter SI.Resistance R = 5;

protected

SI.Voltage v;

equation

v = p.v – n.v;

p.i + n.i = 0;

v = R*p.i;

end Resistor;

connector pin

SI.Voltage v;

flow SI.Current i;

end pin;

SystemDesign

object orientated modelling language

– hierarchically structured– support effective library development and model

exchange– non causal modelling (differential, algebraic and

discrete equation) for multi domain modelling (hydraulics, mechanics,

electronic, thermodynamics, control engineering, …) open source (www.modelica.org)

SystemDesign

Dymola

SystemDesign

Related Tools

Dymola-Simulink Interface

– A Modelica model can be converted into a S-function block

IDA indoor climate and energy from Equa

– Equa is working towards making IDA Simulation Environment fully Modelica compatible

SystemDesign

Examples

HIL-Simulation of the Hydraulcs and Mechanics of on Automatic Gearbox (BMW)

Modelica Application for Camless Engine Valvetrain Development (Ford)

Modeling und Simulation of Refrigeration Systems with the Natural Refrigerant CO2 (Airbus)

Simulation of Thermal Building Behaviour in Modelica (Uni Kaiserslautern)

Modeling of Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Modelica for Virtual Prototyping (Uni Gothenburg)

The Modelica Flight Dynamics Library (DLR)

SystemDesign

KTI-Projek Nr. 6225.1

Auflaufsimulation von Personen- und Güterzügen Ziel: Modelica-Bibliothek zur Optimierung von Kupp-

lungsvorgängen, Analyse des Schwingungsverhaltens und Beurteilung der Kollisionssicherheit

Umfang:

– KTI-Beitrag: 200‘000.-– Eigenleistung Schwab AG 260‘000.-– Eigenleistung LEC 20‘000.-– Cash Schwab AG 20‘000.-