Model S Owner's Manual | Tesla - University of Queensland · 1. Exterior lights (Lights on page 45) 2. Door handles (Using Exterior Door Handles on page 6) 3. Sunroof (optional) (Sunroof

MODEL S OWNER'S MANUAL

8.0

Overview.............................................................2Interior Overview.........................................................................2Exterior Overview....................................................................... 3Opening and Closing..................................... 4Doors............................................................................................... 4

Keyless Locking and Unlocking4Using the Key4Using Exterior Door Handles6Opening Doors from the Interior6Interior Locking and Unlocking6Door Unlock Mode6Child-protection Lock7Drive-away Locking7Walk-away Locking7Unlocking When the Key Doesn't Work7Opening Interior Doors with No Power8

Windows.........................................................................................9Opening and Closing9Locking Rear Windows9

Rear Trunk....................................................................................10Opening10Closing10Adjusting the Opening Height10Interior Release11Opening with No Power11

Front Trunk...................................................................................12Opening12Closing12Interior Emergency Release13Opening with No Power13

Glove Box..................................................................................... 14Opening and Closing14

Sunroof.......................................................................................... 15Opening and Closing15

Cup Holders.................................................................................16Opening and Closing16

Seating and Safety Restraints................... 17Front and Rear Seats............................................................... 17

Correct Driving Position17Adjusting the Driver’s Seat17Folding Rear Seats18Raising Rear Seats18Head Supports18Seat Heaters18Seat Covers18

Seat Belts......................................................................................19Wearing Seat Belts19Wearing Seat Belts When Pregnant19Seat Belt Pre-tensioners20Testing Seat Belts21Seat Belt Warnings21

Child Safety Seats.................................................................... 22Guidelines for Seating Children22Choosing a Child Safety Seat23Seating Larger Children25Installing Child Safety Seats25Installing Seat Belt Retained Child Seats25Installing ISOFIXChild Seats26Attaching Upper Tether Straps26Testing a Child Safety Seat27Warnings - Child Safety Seats27

Airbags......................................................................................... 28Location of Airbags28How the Airbags Work29Types of Airbags29Disabling the Passenger Front Airbags30Inflation Effects 30Airbag Warning Indicator31Airbag Warnings31

Driving...............................................................32Driver Profiles.............................................................................32

Creating a Driver Profile 32Restoring a Driver’s Profile 32Saved Driver Settings32Valet Mode32

Steering Wheel..........................................................................34Adjusting Position34Adjusting Sensitivity34Using Left Steering Wheel Buttons34Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons35Using Voice Commands35Heated Steering Wheel36Horn36

Mirrors...........................................................................................37Adjusting Exterior Side Mirrors37Rear View Mirror37

Starting and Powering Off....................................................38Starting38Powering Off 38

Gears............................................................................................. 39Shifting Gears39Keeping Your Vehicle in Neutral (Tow Mode)39

Instrument Panel...................................................................... 40Instrument Panel Overview40Instrument Panel - Driving43

Lights............................................................................................ 45Controlling Lights45High Beam Headlights48Headlights After Exit48Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS)48Turn Signals49Hazard Warning Flashers49

Wipers and Washers...............................................................50Wipers50Washers50

Brakes.............................................................................................51Braking Systems51Brake Wear51Regenerative Braking52Parking Brake52

Traction Control........................................................................ 53How It Works53

Park Assist...................................................................................54How Park Assist Works54Visual and Audio Feedback54Controlling Audible Feedback55Limitations and False Warnings55Other Parking Aids55

Vehicle Hold................................................................................56Launch Mode..............................................................................57

Performance Dual-Motor Vehicles Only57To Activate Launch Mode57Limitations57

Trip Information........................................................................ 58Displaying Trip Information58Odometer58

Getting Maximum Range.......................................................59Driving Tips to Maximize Range59Energy App59Saving Energy59Range Assurance59

Rear View Camera.....................................................................61Camera Location61

Driver Assistance.......................................... 62About Driver Assistance........................................................62

Driver Assistance Components62Driver Assistance Features63Limitations63Cleaning Driver Assistance Components63

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control............................................... 64Operating Traffic-Aware Cruise Control64Adjust your following distance65Cruising at the Speed Limit66Changing the Set Speed66Overtake Acceleration67Canceling and Resuming68Summary of Cruise Indicators68Limitations68

Autosteer.....................................................................................70Operating Autosteer70Hold Steering Wheel71Autosteer is Aborting71Canceling Autosteer71Limitations72

Auto Lane Change................................................................... 73Operating Auto Lane Change73Canceling Auto Lane Change74Limitations74

Autopark...................................................................................... 75Parking on Public Roads75Using Summon77

Lane Assist..................................................................................79Limitations and Inaccuracies79

Collision Avoidance Assist..................................................... 81Forward Collision Warning81Automatic Emergency Braking82Limitations and Inaccuracies83

Speed Assist...............................................................................84How Speed Assist Works84Controlling Speed Assist84Limitations and Inaccuracies85

Using the Touchscreen............................... 86Touchscreen Overview........................................................... 86

The Big Picture86

Controls....................................................................................... 90Controlling Features90

Settings........................................................................................ 93Customizing Your Vehicle93Erasing Personal Data 96

Climate Controls....................................................................... 97Overview of Climate Controls97Customizing Climate Control98Ventilation100Cabin Overheat Protection100Climate Control Operating Tips100

Smart Air Suspension.............................................................101Manual Height Adjustments101Location-Based Suspension101Automatic Lowering102Jack Mode102

Media and Audio..................................................................... 103Overview103Volume Control103Sound Settings103Searching within Media Player103AM and FM Radio104Internet Radio104Favorites and Recent105Playing Media from Devices105USB Connections10612V Power Socket106

Phone.......................................................................................... 107Bluetooth®Compatibility107Pairing a Bluetooth Phone107Importing Contacts and Recent Calls107Unpairing a Bluetooth Phone107Connecting to a Paired Phone108Making a Phone Call108Receiving a Phone Call108In Call Options108

Maps and Navigation............................................................ 109Overview109Using Maps109Charging Locations110Starting Navigation110During Navigation110Favorite, Home, and Work Destinations111Updated Maps112

Calendar.......................................................................................113Overview113Calendar and Navigation114

Security Settings...................................................................... 115About the Security System115

Connecting to Wi-Fi................................................................116Software Updates.................................................................... 117

Loading New Software117Viewing Release Notes117

Mobile App................................................................................. 118Model SMobile App118

Charging.......................................................... 119Electric Vehicle Components.............................................. 119

High Voltage Components119Charging Equipment120

Battery Information................................................................. 121About the Battery121Battery Care121

Charging Instructions............................................................ 122Opening the Charge Port122Plugging In122During Charging124Stopping Charging124Charge Port Light125Changing Charge Settings126Charging Status127

Maintenance.................................................. 128Maintenance Schedule.......................................................... 128

Service Intervals128Daily Checks128Monthly Checks128Fluid Replacement Intervals128High Voltage Safety128

Tire Care and Maintenance..................................................129Maintaining Tire Pressures129Inspecting and Maintaining Tires130Replacing Tires and Wheels131Seasonal Tire Types132Driving in Low Temperatures132Using Tire Chains132Tire Pressure Monitoring133

Temporary Tire Repair...........................................................135Tire Repair Kit135Inflating with Sealant and Air136Inflating with Air Only137Replacing the Sealant Canister138

Cleaning......................................................................................139Cleaning the Exterior139Cleaning the Interior140Polishing, Touch Up, and Body Repair141Using a Car Cover141Floor Mats141

Wiper Blades and Washer Jets......................................... 142Checking and Replacing Wiper Blades142Cleaning Washer Jets142

Fluid Reservoirs.......................................................................144Removing the Maintenance Panel144Checking Battery Coolant144Checking Brake Fluid145Topping Up Washer Fluid146

Jacking and Lifting.................................................................147Jacking Procedure147

Parts and Accessories........................................................... 148Parts, Accessories, and Modifications 148Body Repairs148Using RFID Transponders148

Specifications............................................... 149Identification Labels.............................................................. 149

Vehicle Identification Number149

Vehicle Loading.......................................................................150Load Capacity Labeling150Calculating Load Limits150Towing a Trailer151Roof Racks151

Dimensions and Weights......................................................152Exterior Dimensions152Interior Dimensions152Cargo Volume153Weights153

Subsystems............................................................................... 154Motor154Transmission154Steering154Brakes155Suspension155Battery - 12V155Battery - High Voltage156

Wheels and Tires..................................................................... 157Wheel Specifications 157Tire Specifications 157Understanding Tire Markings158

Roadside Assistance..................................160Contacting Roadside Assistance......................................160Instructions for Transporters............................................... 161

Use a Flatbed Only161Disable Self-Leveling (air suspension vehicles only)161Activate Tow Mode161Connect the Towing Eye162Pull Onto the Trailer and Secure the Wheels162

Consumer Information.............................. 163About this Owner Information...........................................163

Illustrations163Errors or Inaccuracies163Location of Components163Document Applicability163Copyrights and Trademarks164

Disclaimers................................................................................ 165Vehicle Telematics/Data Recorders165Quality Control165

Reporting Safety Defects.................................................... 166Contacting Tesla166

Declarations of Conformity.................................................167Key and Passive Unlocking System167Media Control Unit168Tire Pressure Monitoring System168Radio Frequency Information168

Contents

Note: On RHD (Right Hand Drive) vehicles, the controls illustrated above are arranged similarly,but are mirrored on the right side of the vehicle.

1. Interior door handles (Opening Doors from the Interior on page 6)2. Traffic-Aware Cruise Control (Traffic-Aware Cruise Control on page 64) and Autosteer (see

Autosteer on page 70)3. High beams (High Beam Headlights on page 48), Turn signals (Turn Signals on page 49),

Wipers and washers (Wipers and Washers on page 50)4. Steering wheel buttons - left (Using Left Steering Wheel Buttons on page 34)5. Instrument panel (Instrument Panel on page 40)6. Steering wheel buttons - right (Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons on page 35)7. Gear selector (Shifting Gears on page 39)8. Touchscreen (Touchscreen Overview on page 86)9. Glove box button (Glove Box on page 14)10. Power window switches (Opening and Closing on page 9)11. Exterior mirror adjustment switches (Mirrors on page 37)12. Seats (Front and Rear Seats on page 17)13. Steering column adjuster (hidden from view in the above image) (Steering Wheel on page

34)14. Horn (Horn on page 36)15. Brakes (Brakes on page 51)16. Hazard warning lights (Hazard Warning Flashers on page 49)17. Cabin climate control (Climate Controls on page 97)18. Cup holders (Cup Holders on page 16)

Interior Overview

2 Model S Owner's Manual

1. Exterior lights (Lights on page 45)2. Door handles (Using Exterior Door Handles on page 6)3. Sunroof (optional) (Sunroof on page 15)4. Charge port (Charging Instructions on page 122)5. Forward looking camera (About Driver Assistance on page 62)6. Exterior mirrors (Mirrors on page 37)7. Hood/Front trunk (Front Trunk on page 12)8. Radar sensor (hidden from view in the above image) (About Driver Assistance on page 62)9. Wheels and tires (Wheels and Tires on page 157)10. Rear view camera (Rear View Camera on page 61)11. Rear trunk/liftgate (Rear Trunk on page 10)12. Ultrasonic sensors (Park Assist on page 54 and About Driver Assistance on page 62)

Exterior Overview

Overview 3

Keyless Locking and UnlockingLocking and unlocking Model S is convenient.Although you must be carrying a valid key,there is no need to use it. Model S has sensorsthat can recognize the presence of a keywithin a range of approximately one meter. Soyou can keep your key in your pocket or purseand Model S detects it.

When you walk up to Model S carrying yourkey, doors automatically unlock. If a doorhandle is retracted, press it and it extends. Ifthe Auto-Present Handles setting is turned on(see Using Exterior Door Handles on page6), you do not need to touch the doorhandle. Instead, door handles extendsautomatically as you approach Model S. Toopen the rear trunk, press the switch locatedunder the trunk’s exterior handle.

Note: You can choose whether you want alldoors, or just the driver's door, to unlock whenyou approach Model S carrying your key (see Door Unlock Mode on page 6).

When carrying your key with you, you can alsoopen the rear trunk without having to use thekey. Simply press the switch located under thetrunk’s exterior handle. Door Unlock Mode(see Door Unlock Mode on page 6) mustbe set to All.

Model S also locks automatically. If you setWalk-Away Door Lock to ON, Model S lockswhen you walk away carrying your key withyou (see Walk-away Locking on page 7).

While sitting inside Model S, you can also lockand unlock the vehicle by touching the icon onthe touchscreen's status bar or using theControls screen.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture andoptions selected at time of purchase, someModel S vehicles are not equipped with theautomatic locking and unlocking feature.

Using the KeyTo quickly familiarize yourself with the key,think of the key as a miniature version ofModel S, with the Tesla badge representingthe front. The key has three buttons that feellike softer areas on the surface.

1. Trunk

• Double-click to open the rear trunk.• If equipped with a powered liftgate,

double-click to close the rear trunk.You can also single-click to stop theliftgate when it is moving.

• Hold the button down for one to twoseconds to open the charge port door.

2. Lock/Unlock All

• Double-click to unlock Model S.Hazard warning lights flash twice anddoor handles extend.

Note: If Door Unlock Mode setting isset to Driver, double-clicking unlocksonly the driver's door and you willneed to double-click again to unlockall doors and trunks. If set to All, thefirst double-click unlocks all doors andtrunks. Use the touchscreen to changethis setting (touch Controls >Settings > Vehicle > Door UnlockMode).

• Single-click to lock doors and trunks(all doors and trunks must be closed).Hazard warning lights flash once anddoor handles retract.

3. Front trunk (also called the "frunk")

• Double-click to open the front trunk.

You do not need to point the key at Model S,but you must be within operating range(which varies depending on the strength ofthe key’s battery).

Doors


If Model S is unable to detect the key, thetouchscreen displays a message indicatingthat a key is not inside. Place the key whereModel S can best detect it, which is below the12V power socket (see Key Not Inside on page38).

Radio equipment on a similar frequency canaffect the key. If this happens, move the key atleast 30 cm away from other electronicdevices (phone, laptop, etc). If the key doesnot work, you may need to change its battery.If the key’s battery is discharged, you canopen Model S by following the unlockingprocedure (see Unlocking When the KeyDoesn't Work on page 7).

Caution: Remember to bring the key withyou when you drive. Although you candrive Model S away from its key, you willbe unable to power it back on after itpowers off.

Caution: Protect the key from impact,high temperatures, and damage fromliquids. Avoid contact with solvents,waxes and abrasive cleaners.

Replacing the Key Battery

The key’s battery lasts for approximately ayear. When the battery is low, a messagedisplays on the instrument panel. Follow thesesteps to replace it:

1. With the key placed button side down ona soft surface, use a small flat-bladed toolto release the bottom cover.

2. Remove the battery by lifting it away fromthe front retaining clips.

3. Insert the new battery (type CR2032) withthe ‘+’ side facing up.

Note: Wipe the battery clean before fittingand avoid touching the battery's flatsurfaces. Finger marks on the flat surfacesof the battery can reduce battery life.

4. Holding the cover at an angle, align thetabs on the widest side of the cover withthe corresponding slots on the key, thenpress the cover firmly onto the key until itsnaps into place.

Getting More Keys

If you lose a key or require an additional one,contact Tesla. Model S can recognize up tofive keys.

When ordering a new key for Model S, take allavailable keys with you for reprogramming.

Doors

Opening and Closing 5

Using Exterior Door HandlesA light press on a door handle extends it,provided Model S detects a valid key nearby.

You can set the door handles to extendautomatically whenever you approach thedriver’s side carrying the key. On thetouchscreen, touch Controls > Settings >Vehicle > Auto-Present Handles > On.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture andoptions selected at time of purchase, someModel S vehicles are not equipped with Auto-Present Handles.

Insert your hand into the handle and pull toopen the door.

Door handles retract if you do not use themwithin one minute after they extend. Justpress a handle to extend it again. Doorhandles also retract a minute after the lastdoor closes, when Model S begins moving,and when you lock Model S.

Note: To preserve battery life, Model S isdesigned to temporarily disable the Auto-Present Handles feature when:

• The key has been out of range for morethan 48 hours.

• The key remains within range for fiveminutes after all doors have been closed.

In these cases, extend door handles bytouching one of them, or by pressing theunlock button on the key. There is no need toreset the setting. The next time you approachModel S, provided the above conditions donot apply, handles automatically extend.

Whenever a door is open, the DoorOpen indicator displays on theinstrument panel. The image of theModel S on the touchscreen Controlswindow also shows which door ortrunk is open.

Opening Doors from the InteriorTo open a door, pull the interior door handletoward you.

Note: To prevent children from opening reardoors using the interior handles, use thetouchscreen, Controls > Settings > Vehicle >Child Protection Lock, to turn on the child-protection locks (see Child-protection Lock onpage 7).

Interior Locking and UnlockingFrom inside Model S, you can use thetouchscreen to lock or unlock doors andtrunks, provided a valid key is inside thevehicle. Touch the lock icon on thetouchscreen's status bar.

When you stop Model S and engage the Parkgear, you can choose whether you want doorsto unlock or remain locked. To do so, touchControls > Settings > Vehicle > Unlock OnPark. When set to ON, doors automaticallyunlock when you engage the Park gear.

You can also unlock doors and presenthandles by pressing the Park button on theend of the gear selector a second time (i.e.,after pressing it one time to engage the Parkgear).

Note: If a door or trunk is still open when youlock Model S, it locks when you close it.

Door Unlock ModeYou can choose whether you want all doors,or just the driver's door, to unlock when youapproach your vehicle carrying your key. To doso, touch Controls > Settings > Vehicle > DoorUnlock Mode and choose Driver or All.

Doors


Child-protection LockModel S has child-protection locks on the reardoors and liftgate to prevent them from beingopened using interior handles. Use thetouchscreen to turn child protection locks onor off. Touch Controls > Settings > Vehicle >Child Protection Lock.

Note: It is recommended that you turn child-protection locks on whenever children areseated in the rear seats.

Drive-away LockingModel S automatically locks all doors(including the trunks) whenever your drivingspeed exceeds 8 km/h.

Walk-away LockingDoors and trunks can automatically lockwhenever you walk away carrying the key.

To turn this feature on or off, touch Controls >Settings > Vehicle > Walk-Away Door Lock.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture andoptions selected at time of purchase, someModel S vehicles are not equipped with theWalk-Away Door Lock feature.

Note: If all doors are closed and you use thekey to unlock Model S, walk-away locking istemporarily suspended until the next timeModel S powers on (such as when you pressthe Brake pedal to engage a driving gear), oruntil you use the key again to lock Model S.This allows you to keep Model S unlocked inyour garage.

Unlocking When the Key Doesn'tWorkIf Model S does not unlock when you walk upto it, or when you press the unlock button onyour key, the key’s battery may be dead. If thisis the case, you can still unlock and driveModel S.

To unlock Model S (and disable the securityalarm), first position the key near the base ofthe passenger side windshield wiper, asshown. Then press the driver's door handle. IfModel S doesn't unlock, try adjusting theposition of the key. The key must be in thecorrect position.

To drive Model S, place the key against thecenter console, immediately below the 12Vpower outlet, then press and hold the brakepedal to turn Model S on.

Note: Unlocking Model S using this methoddisables walk-away locking. You mustmanually re-enable walk-away locking afterreplacing the key’s battery.

For instructions on how to replace the key’sbattery, see Replacing the Key Battery onpage 5.

Doors


Opening Interior Doors with NoPowerIf Model S has no electrical power, front doorsopen as usual using the interior door handles.To open the rear doors, fold back the edge ofthe carpet below the rear seats to expose themechanical release cable. Pull the mechanicalrelease cable toward the center.

Doors


Opening and ClosingPress down on a switch to lower theassociated window all the way down. Windowswitches operate at two levels. To lower awindow partially, hold the switch and releasewhen the window is at the desired position.

Similarly, pull a switch to raise the associatedwindow. This also operates at two levels—when raising, hold the switch and releasewhen the window is at the desired position.

Warning: Before closing a power window,it is the driver’s responsibility to ensurethat all occupants, especially children, donot have any body parts extendedthrough the window’s opening. Failure todo so can cause serious injury.

Warning: When leaving Model S, alwaystake your key with you. Leaving the key inModel S allows all doors, windows, andcontrols to be fully operational and cancause hazardous, unauthorized orunintentional use of Model S.

Locking Rear WindowsTo prevent passengers from using the rearwindow switches, press the rear window lockswitch. The switch light turns on. To unlockrear windows, press the switch again.

Warning: To ensure safety, it isrecommended that you lock the rearwindows whenever children are seated inthe rear seats.

Warning: Never leave children unattendedin Model S.

Windows


OpeningTo open the rear trunk, do one of thefollowing:

• Touch Controls > Trunk on thetouchscreen.

• Double-click the rear trunk button on thekey.

• Press the switch located under theexterior handle (depending on date ofmanufacture and options selected at timeof purchase, some Model S vehiclesrequire you to first unlock Model S).

When the liftgate is open, theinstrument panel displays the DoorOpen indicator light. The image ofModel S on the touchscreen Controlswindow also displays the open trunk.

To stop a powered liftgate while it is moving,single-click the Trunk button on the key. Then,when you double-click the Trunk button, itmoves again, but in the opposite direction(provided it was not almost entirely open orclosed when you stopped it). For example, ifyou single-click to stop the liftgate while it isopening, when you double-click, it closes.

To open the trunk from inside in the unlikelysituation in which Model S has no electricalpower, see Opening with No Power on page11.

ClosingIf Model S is not equipped with a poweredliftgate, close the trunk by pulling down on theliftgate and pushing firmly until it is fullyclosed.

To close the powered liftgate, do one of thefollowing:

• Double-click the trunk button on the key.• Touch Controls > Trunk on the

touchscreen.• Press the switch located on the underside

of the liftgate (see Adjusting the OpeningHeight on page 10).

If a powered liftgate senses an obstructionwhen closing, it automatically opens andsounds two chimes. Remove the obstructionand try closing it again. If it cannot close thesecond time, powered operation is temporarilydisabled. Close it manually to restore poweredoperation.

Note: The power closing feature is alsotemporarily disabled if you leave the poweredliftgate open for more than an hour.

Adjusting the Opening HeightIf Model S is equipped with a powered liftgate,you can adjust its opening height to make iteasier to reach:

1. Open the liftgate, then manually lower itto the desired opening height.

2. Press and hold the button on theunderside of the liftgate for two secondsuntil you hear a confirmation chime.

3. Confirm that you have set it to the desiredheight by closing the liftgate, thenreopening it.

Rear Trunk


Interior ReleaseTo open the trunk from inside a Model Sequipped with the Tesla Built-In Rear FacingChild Seats, press the interior release switchlocated inside the rear trunk and push theliftgate up. If Model S is locked and isequipped with a power liftgate, the first pressunlocks the rear trunk and the second pressopens it.

Note: If Model S is not equipped with the TeslaRear Facing Child Seats, the switch mayappear to exist, but it will be inactive andpressing it does not release the liftgate.

If Model S is equipped with the power liftgate,you do not need to push it up. When youpress the release switch, it opens, and whenyou pull the switch, it closes.

Note: The interior release switch is disabled ifchild-protection locks are turned on (see Child-protection Lock on page 7), or ifModel S is moving.

Opening with No PowerIf Model S has no electrical power, you canopen the rear trunk from inside. Use themechanical release cable located on theunderside of the liftgate, next to the interiorlight.

1. Remove the cover by pulling its loweredge very firmly toward you.

2. Pull the cable to release the latch.3. Push the liftgate open.

Rear Trunk


OpeningTo open the front trunk:

Touch ControlsFront Trunk on thetouchscreen, or double-click the fronttrunk button on the key.Pull the hood up.

The door open indicator displays onthe instrument panel when the fronttrunk is open. The image of theModel S on the touchscreen Controlswindow also displays the open trunk.

The front trunk locks whenever Model S islocked using the touchscreen, externally usingthe key or walk-away locking, or when Valetmode is active (see Valet Mode).

ClosingThe Model S body is made of lightweightaluminum. Therefore, the hood is not heavyenough to latch under its own weight andapplying pressure on the front edge or centerof the hood can cause damage. To close thehood:

• Lower the hood fully until it touches thelatches.

• Place both hands on the front of the hoodin the areas shown below (in green), thenpress down firmly to engage the latches.

• Lift the front edge of the hood to ensure itis fully closed.

Caution: To prevent damage:

• Apply pressure only to the greenareas illustrated above. Applyingpressure to the red areas can causedamage.

• Do not close the hood with one hand.Doing so applies concentrated forcein one area and can result in a dent orcrease.

• Do not apply pressure to the leadingedge of the hood because this cancrease the edge.

• Do not slam or drop the hood.

Warning: Do not drive with the hoodsecured by the secondary latch alone.

Front Trunk


Interior Emergency ReleaseAn interior release button inside the fronttrunk allows a person locked inside to get out.This release button is active whenever Model Sis stationary.

Press the interior release button to open thefront trunk, then push up on the hood.

Note: The button glows for several hours aftera brief exposure to ambient light.

Opening with No PowerNote: The mechanical release lever describedbelow is not available on all versions ofModel S. For dual-motor vehicles and on somenewer models, contact Tesla for assistance.

If Model S has no electrical power, or if you areunable to open the front trunk using thetouchscreen or key, pull the mechanicalrelease lever located below the glove box. Thisreleases the primary latch.

Then push down on the secondary latch leverand lift the hood. You may need to push thehood down slightly to release the pressureagainst the secondary latch.

Front Trunk


Opening and ClosingTo open the glove box, press the switchlocated on the side of the touchscreen. If youleave the glove box open for five minutes, itslight automatically turns off.

Note: The glove box locks whenever Model Sis locked externally, using the key or walk-away locking. It also locks when Model S is inValet mode (see Valet Mode on page 32). Itdoes not lock when Model S is locked usingthe touchscreen.

Warning: When driving, keep the glovebox closed to prevent injury to apassenger if a collision or sudden stopoccurs.

Glove Box


Opening and ClosingIf your Model S is equipped with a sunroof,touch Controls > Sunroof on the touchscreento operate it. Drag, or tap on, the sunroofslider bar, or touch the image of the sunroofand drag it. The sunroof moves to the selectedposition.

Touch OPEN once to open the sunroof to itscomfort position (75% open to minimize windnoise). Or, move the sunroof to the comfortposition by dragging the slider bar to theindent position. If you find wind noise (whichvaries depending on driving speed) excessive,even with the sunroof in the comfort position,open a window slightly.

Touch OPEN twice to open the sunroof fully.

Touch CLOSE to fully close the sunroof.

If the sunroof’s safety mechanism detects anyobstruction, it does not close. If, afterremoving the obstruction, it still does notclose, touch and hold CLOSE to override thesunroof’s anti-trap mechanism.

Touch VENT to open the sunroof slightly.

To stop the sunroof from moving at any time,touch the image of the sunroof.

Caution: Remove snow and ice beforeopening the sunroof. Opening a sunroofcovered in snow and ice can causedamage.

Warning: Do not allow occupants toextend any part of their body through thesunroof. Doing so can cause serious injuryfrom flying debris, tree branches, or otherobstructions.

Warning: Before closing the sunroof,ensure that occupants, especiallychildren, do not have any body partextended through the sunroof opening.Failure to do so can cause serious injury.

Warning: Do not carry an object thatprotrudes through the sunroof. Doing socan damage the sunroof’s seals and anti-trap mechanism, and can cause injury tooccupants.

Sunroof


Opening and ClosingTo expose a front cup holder, slide back thearmrest.

To expose rear cup holders (if available onyour vehicle), press and release the cup holderface plate located at the back of the centerconsole.

Cup Holders


Correct Driving PositionThe seat, head support, seat belt and airbagswork together to maximize your safety. Usingthese correctly ensures greater protection.

Position the seat so you can wear the seat beltcorrectly, while being as far away from thefront airbag as possible:

1. Sit upright with both feet on the floor andthe seat back reclined no more than 30degrees.

2. Make sure you can easily reach the pedalsand that your arms are slightly bent whenholding the steering wheel. Your chestshould be at least 25 cm from the centerof the airbag cover.

3. Place the shoulder section of the seat beltmid-way between your neck and yourshoulder. Fit the lap section of the belttightly across your hips, not across yourstomach.

Model S seats include integrated headsupports that cannot be adjusted or removed.

Adjusting the Driver’s Seat

1. Adjust lumbar support.2. Adjust backrest.3. Move seat forward/backward.4. Adjust the seat’s height and tilt angle.

Warning: Do not adjust seats whiledriving. Doing so increases the risk of acollision.

Warning: Riding in a moving vehicle withthe seat back reclined can result inserious injuries in a collision, as you couldslide under the lap belt or be propelledinto the seat belt. Ensure your seat backis reclined no more than 30 degrees whenthe vehicle is moving.

Front and Rear Seats

Seating and Safety Restraints 17

Folding Rear SeatsModel S has a split rear seat that can foldforward.

Note: If Model S is equipped with the optionalexecutive rear seats, these seats do not foldforward.

Before folding, remove items from the seatsand the rear foot well. To allow the rear seatbacks to fold completely flat, you may need tomove the front seats forward.

To fold a rear seat, press the correspondinglever and fold the seat forward.

Raising Rear SeatsBefore raising a rear seat, make sure that theseat belts are not trapped behind thebackrest.

Pull the seat back upward until it locks intoplace.

To confirm that the seat back is locked in theupright position, try pulling it forward.

Warning: Always ensure the seat backsare locked in their upright position.Failure to do so increases the risk ofinjury.

Head SupportsSeats include integrated head supports thatcannot be adjusted or removed.

Seat HeatersThe front seats are equipped with heatingpads that operate at three levels from 3(highest) to 1 (lowest). To operate the seatheaters, see Climate Controls on page 97.

If Model S is equipped with the optional coldweather package, you can also control seatheaters in all rear seating positions, as well asheated wipers and washer nozzles bytouching Controls > Cold Weather (see Controls on page 90).

Seat CoversDo not use seat covers on Model S. Doing socould restrict deployment of the side air bagsif an accident occurs. It can also reduce theaccuracy of the occupant detection system, ifequipped.

Front and Rear Seats


Wearing Seat BeltsUsing seat belts and child safety seats is themost effective way to protect occupants if acollision occurs. Therefore, wearing a seat beltis required by law in most jurisdictions.

Both the driver and passenger seats areequipped with three-point inertia reel seatbelts. Inertia reel belts are automaticallytensioned to allow occupants to movecomfortably during normal driving conditions.To securely hold child safety seats, allpassenger seating positions are equipped withan automatic locking retractor (ALR) that, bypulling the seat belt beyond the lengthneeded for a typical adult occupant, locks thebelt into place until the seat belt is unbuckled(see Installing Seat Belt Retained Child Seatson page 25).

The seat belt reel automatically locks toprevent movement of occupants if Model Sexperiences a force associated with hardacceleration, braking, cornering, or an impactin a collision.

The seat belt reminder on theinstrument panel alerts you if a seatbelt for an occupied seat is notfastened. If the belt remainsunfastened, the reminder flashes andan intermittent chime sounds. If alloccupants are buckled up and thereminder stays on, re-fasten seatbelts to ensure they are correctlylatched. Also remove any heavyobjects (such as a briefcase) from anunoccupied seat. If the reminderlight continues to stay on, contactTesla.

To Fasten a Belt

1. Ensure correct positioning of the seat (see Correct Driving Position on page 17).

2. Draw the belt out smoothly, ensuring thebelt lays flat across the pelvis, chest andmid-point of your collar bone, betweenthe neck and shoulder.

3. Insert the latch plate into the buckle andpress together until you hear a clickindicating it is locked in place.

4. Pull the belt to check that it is securelyfastened.

5. Pull the diagonal part of the belt towardthe reel to remove excess slack.

To Release a Belt

Hold the belt near the buckle to prevent thebelt from retracting too quickly, then press thebutton on the buckle. The belt retractsautomatically. Ensure there is no obstructionthat prevents the belt from fully retracting.The belt should not hang loose. If a seat beltdoes not fully retract, contact Tesla.

Wearing Seat Belts When PregnantDo not put the lap or shoulder sections of theseat belt over the abdominal area. Wear thelap section of the belt as low as possibleacross the hips, not the waist. Position theshoulder portion of the belt between thebreasts and to the side of the abdomen.Consult your doctor for specific guidance.

Seat Belts


Warning: Never place anything betweenyou and the seat belt to cushion theimpact in the event of an accident.

Seat Belt Pre-tensionersThe front seat belts are equipped withpre‑tensioners that work in conjunction withthe airbags in a severe frontal collision. Thepre‑tensioners automatically retract both theseat belt anchor and the seat belt webbing,reducing slack in both the lap and diagonalportions of the belts, resulting in reducedforward movement of the occupant.

If the pre-tensioners and airbags did notactivate in an impact, this does not mean theymalfunctioned. It usually means that thestrength or type of force needed to activatethem was not present.

Warning: Once the seat belt pre-tensioners have been activated, they mustbe replaced. After any accident, have theairbags, seat belt pre-tensioners and anyassociated components checked and, ifnecessary, replaced.

Seat Belts


Testing Seat BeltsTo confirm that seat belts are operatingcorrectly, perform these three simple checkson each seat belt.

1. With the seat belt fastened, give thewebbing nearest the buckle a quick pull.The buckle should remain securely locked.

2. With the belt unfastened, unreel thewebbing to its limit. Check that unreelingis free from snags, and visually check thewebbing for wear. Allow the webbing toretract, checking that retraction is smoothand complete.

3. With the webbing half unreeled, hold thetongue plate and pull forward quickly. Themechanism should lock automatically andprevent further unreeling.

If a seat belt fails any of these tests, contactTesla immediately.

For information about cleaning seat belts, see Seat Belts on page 140.

Seat Belt WarningsWarning: Seat belts should be worn by alloccupants at all times, even if driving fora very short distance. Failure to do soincreases the risk of injury or death if anaccident occurs.

Warning: Secure small children in asuitable child safety seat (see ChildSafety Seats on page 22). Always followthe child safety seat manufacturer'sinstructions when installing.

Warning: Ensure that all seat belts areworn correctly. An improperly worn seatbelt increases the risk of injury or death ifan accident occurs.

Warning: Do not wear seat belts overhard, fragile or sharp items in clothing,such as pens, keys, eyeglasses, etc. Thepressure from the seat belt on such itemscan cause injury.

Warning: Seat belts should not be wornwith any part of the strap twisted.

Warning: Each seat belt assembly mustbe used by one occupant only. It isdangerous to put a seat belt around achild being carried on an occupant’s lap.

Warning: Seat belts that have been wornin an accident must be inspected orreplaced by Tesla, even if damage to theassembly is not obvious.

Warning: Seat belts that show signs ofwear (such as fraying), or have been cutor damaged in any way, must be replacedby Tesla.

Warning: Avoid contaminating a seatbelt’s components with any chemicals,liquids, grit, dirt or cleaning products. If aseat belt fails to retract or latch into thebuckle, it must be replaced immediately.Contact Tesla.

Warning: Do not make modifications oradditions that can prevent a seat beltmechanism from taking up slack, or thatcan prevent a seat belt from beingadjusted to remove slack. A slack beltgreatly reduces occupant protection.

Warning: Do not make modifications thatcan interfere with the operation of a seatbelt, or that can cause a seat belt tobecome inoperable.

Warning: When seat belts are not in use,they should be fully retracted and nothanging loose. If a seat belt does not fullyretract, contact Tesla.

Seat Belts


Guidelines for Seating ChildrenYou must restrain infants and small children using a child safety seat appropriate for the child’sage, weight, and size. Never seat a child in a child safety seat or a booster seat on the frontpassenger seat when the airbag is activated. To disable the front passenger seat airbag, see Disabling the Passenger Front Airbags on page 30. Carefully follow the instructions provided bythe manufacturer of the child safety seat.

Warning: Never use a rearward facing child restraint on a seat protected by an ACTIVEAIRBAG in front of it. DEATH or SERIOUS INJURY to the child can occur.

Refer to the following label fitted to the sun visors.

Note: The image shown below is representative only and may not be identical to those on yourvehicle.

Child Safety Seats


Choosing a Child Safety SeatRefer to the tables below for guidelines on the type of seat belt installed and ISOFIX installedchild restraint you should use based on the weight of the child.

Seat Belt Installed Child Restraints

Mass Group Front Passenger Rear Outboard Rear Center

Group 0 up to 10 kg X U U

Group 0+ up to 13 kg L* U U

Group I 9 - 18 kg UF** U, UF U, UF

Group II 15 - 25 kg UF** U, UF U, UF

Group III 22 - 36 kg UF** U, UF U, UF

U: Universal rear facing child restraint.

UF: Universal forward facing child restraint.

L: Suitable for these particular child restraints - Maxi-Cosi Cabrio/Cabriofix E4 04443517 orTakata Mini E4 04443717.

X: Seating position is not suitable for children in this mass group.

* Seat must be placed in rearmost lowest position.

** Seat must be placed in rearmost highest position.

Note: Attach booster seats using seat belts only (do not use ISOFIX).

Note: If Model S is equipped with the optional executive rear seats, a rear center seatingposition is not available.

Child Safety Seats


ISOFIX* Installed Child Restraints

Mass Group Size Class FixtureRear OutboardISOFIX Position

Group 0 up to 10 kg E R1

Note: Attachbooster seats

using seat beltsonly (do not use

ISOFIX).

IL

Group 0+ up to 13 kg

E R1 ILA, C

D R2 ILA, C

C R3 ILA, C

Group I 9 - 18 kg

D R2 ILB

C R3 ILB

B F2 IUF, ILB, D

B1 F2X IUF, ILB, D

A F3 IUF, ILB, D

IL: Suitable for any semi-universal child restraint (any rear or forward facing restraint withsupport leg).

IUF: Suitable for any universal child restraint (forward facing with tether).ARecommendation: Takata Mini E4 04443717.BRecommendation: Takata Midi E4 04444204.CRecommendation: Maxi-cosi Cabriofix/Easyfix E4 04443517.DRecommendation: Maxi-cosi Pearl/Familyfix E4 043908.

*ISOFIX - The international standard for attachment points for child safety seats in passengervehicles.

Note: If the combined weight of the child and the child safety seat is over 29 kg, Teslarecommends attaching the safety seat using the seat belt and upper tether strap. In addition tosafety, this has the added benefit of ensuring the seat belt reminder does not stay lit. Alwaysfollow the child safety seat manufacturer’s instructions when installing child safety seats.

Child Safety Seats


Seating Larger ChildrenIf a child is too large to fit into a child safetyseat, but too small to safely fit into thestandard seat belts, use a booster seatappropriate for the child’s age and size.Carefully follow the manufacturer’sinstructions to secure the booster seat usingthe seat belts. Do not use the ISOFIX systemto secure booster seats, even in situationswhere the booster seat is equipped with theISOFIX system.

Installing Child Safety SeatsThere are two general methods used to installchild safety seats:

• Seat belt retained - these seats aresecured using the vehicle’s seat belts (see Installing Seat Belt Retained Child Seatson page 25).

• ISOFIX retained - these seats can attachto anchor bars built into the vehicle’s rearseats (see Installing ISOFIX Child Seats onpage 26).

Check the child safety seat manufacturer’sinstructions and the table at Child SafetySeats on page 22 to determine whichinstallation method to use. Some child safetyseats can be installed using either method.Always follow the child safety seatmanufacturer’s instructions.

Installing Seat Belt Retained ChildSeatsFirst, make sure that the child falls into thecorrect weight range for the seat.

Avoid dressing the child in bulky clothing anddo not place any objects between the childand the restraint system.

Adjust harnesses for every child, every trip.

To securely hold child safety seats, allpassenger seating positions are equipped withan automatic locking retractor (ALR) that, bypulling the seat belt beyond the lengthneeded for a typical adult occupant, locks thebelt into place until the seat belt is unbuckledand the webbing is fully retracted. The ALRmechanism operates as a ratchet, winding inslack and preventing the seat belt fromextending any further until it has beencompletely rewound. When installing a childsafety seat, engage the belt's automaticlocking retractor by pulling the seat beltwebbing until it is fully extended. The ALRsystem engages only when the seat belt is atits maximum extension point.

Note: An automatic locking retractordisengages only when the seat belt isunbuckled and fully retracted. The belt canthen be worn as a normal belt, sliding freely inand out and locking tight only in anemergency. Once disengaged, the belt mustbe fully extended to re-engage the lockingmechanism whenever you install a child safetyseat.

Always follow the detailed instructionsprovided by the child safety seatmanufacturer. General guidelines are providedbelow.

1. Place the child safety seat in Model S, andfully extend the seat belt. Route andbuckle the seat belt in accordance withthe child safety seat manufacturer’sinstructions.

2. Allow the seat belt to retract, and removeall slack in the seat belt while firmlypushing the child safety seat into theModel S seat.

3. If the seat belt retained child safety seathas an upper tether, attach it to the backof the seat (see Attaching Upper TetherStraps on page 26).

Child Safety Seats


Installing ISOFIX Child SeatsLower ISOFIX anchors are provided in thesecond row outboard seats. The anchors arelocated between the seat's back rest and rearcushion. The exact location of each anchor isidentified by a child safety seat identificationbutton, illustrated below. The button is locatedon the seat back, directly above its associatedanchor.

Install ISOFIX child safety seats in theoutboard seating positions only. Use only aseat belt retained seat in the center position.

To install a ISOFIX child safety seat, slide thesafety seat latches onto the anchor bars untilthey click into place. Carefully read and followthe instructions provided by the child safetyseat manufacturer.

Once installed, test the security of theinstallation before seating a child. Attempt totwist the child safety seat from side to sideand try to pull it away from the seat, thencheck that the anchors are still securely inplace.

Attaching Upper Tether StrapsIf an upper tether strap is provided, attach itshook to the anchor point located on the backof the rear seats.

Always position single-strap tethers to runover the top of the head support. For dual-strap tethers, position a strap on each side ofthe head support.

Tighten upper tether straps according to theinstructions provided by the manufacturer ofthe child safety seat.

Note: To prevent the single-strap tether frommoving side to side, the top of the headsupport deforms.

Note: The location of anchor points may notbe readily visible but can be found byidentifying a slice in the seat's material.

Child Safety Seats


Testing a Child Safety SeatBefore seating a child, always make sure thechild safety seat is not loose:

1. Hold the child safety seat by the belt pathand try to slide the safety seat from sideto side and front to back.

2. If the seat moves more than 2.5 cm, it istoo loose. Tighten the belt or reconnectthe ISOFIX retained child safety seat.

3. If you are unable to reduce slack, try adifferent seat location or try another childsafety seat.

Warnings - Child Safety SeatsWarning: Never seat a child in a childsafety seat or a booster seat on the frontpassenger seat when the airbag isactivated. Doing so can cause seriousinjury or death.

Warning: Never use a rearward facingchild restraint on a seat protected by anactive airbag. Doing so can cause seriousinjury or death. Refer to the warning labellocated on the passenger side sun visor.

Warning: Child restraint systems aredesigned to be secured in vehicle seatsby lap belts or the lap belt portion of alap-shoulder belt. Children could beendangered in a crash if their childrestraints are not properly secured in thevehicle

Warning: According to accident statistics,children are safer when properlyrestrained in the rear seating positionsthan in the front seating positions.

Warning: Do not use a forward facingchild safety seat until your child weighsover 9 kg and can sit independently. Upto the age of two, a child's spine and neckare not sufficiently developed to avoidinjury in a frontal impact.

Warning: Do not allow a baby or infant tobe held on a lap. All children should berestrained in an appropriate child safetyseat at all times.

Warning: To ensure children are safelyseated, follow all instructions provided inthis document and by the manufacturerof the child safety seat.

Warning: Children should ride in a rearfacing child safety seat using the seat’sintegrated 5-point harness for as long aspossible.

Warning: Do not use seat belt extenderson a seat belt that is being used to installa child safety seat or booster seat.

Warning: When seating larger children,make sure the child's head is supportedand the child’s seat belt is properlyadjusted and fastened. The shoulderportion of the belt must be away from theface and neck, and the lap portion mustnot be over the stomach.

Warning: Never attach two child safetyseats to one anchor point. In a collision,one anchor point may be incapable ofsecuring both seats.

Warning: Child restraint anchors aredesigned to withstand only those loadsimposed by correctly fitted childrestraints. Under no circumstances arethey to be used for adult seat belts,harnesses, or for attaching other items orequipment.

Warning: Always check harnesses andtether straps for damage and wear.

Warning: Never leave a child unattended,even if the child is secured in a childsafety seat.

Warning: Never use a child safety seatthat has been involved in an accident.Have the seat inspected or replaced asdescribed in the child safety seatmanufacturer’s instructions.

Child Safety Seats


Location of AirbagsAirbags are located in the approximate areas shown here. Airbag warning information is printedon the sun visors.

Model S is equipped with an air bag and lap/shoulder belt at both front outboard seatingpositions. The air bag is a supplemental restraint at those seating positions. All occupants,including the driver, should always wear their seat belts whether or not an air bag is also providedat their seating position to minimize the risk of severe injury or death in the event of a crash.

Note: On RHD (Right Hand Drive) vehicles, the locations of the passenger and driver airbags arereversed.

1. Passenger front airbag2. Driver’s front airbag3. Side airbags4. Curtain airbags

Airbags


How the Airbags WorkInflation of airbags depends on the rate atwhich the vehicle’s cabin changes speed in acollision. The rate of deceleration determineswhether airbags inflate.

Airbags inflate instantly with considerableforce accompanied by a loud noise. Theinflated bag, together with the seat belts,limits movement of occupants to reduce therisk of injury.

Front airbags are not ordinarily designed toinflate in rear collisions, rollovers, minor frontor side collisions, heavy braking, or drivingover bumps and potholes. Therefore,significant superficial damage can occur tothe vehicle without the airbags inflating or,conversely, a relatively small amount ofstructural damage can cause airbags to inflate.

If you are planning to modify your vehicle for aperson with disabilities in a way that mayaffect the airbag system, contact Tesla.

Types of AirbagsModel S has the following types of airbags:

• Advanced front airbags: The front airbagsare advanced airbags designed to reduceairbag related injuries to children or smalladults who ride in the front seats. On thedriver’s side, the front airbag works with aseat position sensor that adjusts theinflation level based on the seatingposition of the occupant. For safety ofinfants and small children, the frontpassenger airbag must be disabled, asdescribed below.

• Side airbags: Side airbags protect thethorax region of the torso and the pelvis.They inflate only if a severe side impactoccurs. Side airbags on the non-impactedside of the vehicle do not inflate.

• Curtain airbags: Curtain airbags helpprotect the head and typically inflate onlyif a severe side impact occurs, or if thevehicle rolls over. Curtain airbags on boththe impacted and non-impacted side ofthe vehicle will inflate.

Airbags


Disabling the Passenger FrontAirbagsWhen a child is seated in the front passengerseat (even when the child is seated in a childsafety seat or booster seat), you must disablethe passenger front airbags to prevent themfrom injuring the child if a collision occurs.

Note: Rear seats are the preferred location forseating children in child safety seats.

To turn off the front and side airbags on thepassenger side of the vehicle, touch Controls >Settings > Safety & Security > PassengerFront Airbag.

The OFF status of the front passenger airbagdisplays in the upper right corner of thetouchscreen. (When the airbag is ON, nostatus is displayed on the touchscreen.)

If the airbag is on, even if you have turned itoff (or vice versa), contact Tesla immediately.

Note: Model S has a capacitive touchscreenand may not respond to your touch if you arewearing standard gloves. If the touchscreen isnot responding, remove gloves or wear gloveswith conductive fingertips for use withcapacitive touchscreens.

Warning: Never seat a child in a childsafety seat or a booster seat on the frontpassenger seat when the airbag isactivated. Doing so can cause seriousinjury or death.

Warning: If the passenger airbag controldoes not appear to be functioning, do notseat a passenger in the front seat.Contact Tesla immediately to have thevehicle inspected and if necessary,repaired.

Warning: Do not use seat covers onModel S. Doing so could restrictdeployment of the side air bags if anaccident occurs.

Inflation EffectsWhen airbags inflate, a fine powder isreleased. This powder can irritate the skin andshould be thoroughly flushed from the eyesand from any cuts or abrasions.

After inflation, the airbags deflate to provide agradual cushioning effect for the occupantsand to ensure the driver’s forward vision is notobscured.

If airbags have inflated, or if your vehicle hasbeen in an accident, always have the airbags,seat belt pre-tensioners and any associatedcomponents checked and, if necessary,replaced by Tesla.

In a collision, in addition to the airbagsinflating:

• Doors unlock and the door handlesextend.

• Hazard warning lights turn on.• Interior lights turn on.• High voltage is disabled.

To restore Battery power, use the touchscreento manually power off Model S (see PoweringOff on page 38), then press the brake topower it back on again.

Airbags


Airbag Warning Indicator

The airbag indicator on theinstrument panel remains lit if theairbag system is malfunctioning. Theonly time this indicator should lightup is briefly when Model S firstpowers up, in which case it turns offwithin a few seconds. If it remains lit,contact Tesla immediately and donot drive.

Airbag WarningsWarning: No objects should be placedover or near the air bag on the instrumentpanel, because any such objects couldcause harm if the vehicle is in a crashsevere enough to cause the air bag toinflate.

Warning: All occupants, including thedriver, should always wear their seat belts,whether or not an airbag is also providedat their seating position, to minimize therisk of severe injury or death in the eventof a collision.

Warning: Front seat occupants should notplace their arms over the airbag module,as an inflating bag can cause fractures orother injuries.

Warning: Do not use seat covers onModel S. Doing so could restrictdeployment of the side air bags if anaccident occurs. It can also reduce theaccuracy of the occupant detectionsystem, if equipped.

Warning: Airbags inflate withconsiderable speed and force, which cancause injury. To limit injuries, ensure thatoccupants are wearing seat belts and arecorrectly seated, with the seat positionedas far back as possible.

Warning: Do not use a child safety seat orseat young children on a seat with anoperational airbag in front of it. Doing socan cause injury or death if the airbaginflates.

Warning: To ensure correct inflation of theside airbags, maintain an unobstructedgap between an occupant’s torso and theside of Model S.

Warning: Passengers should not lean theirheads against the doors. Doing so cancause injury if a curtain airbag inflates.

Warning: Do not allow passengers toobstruct the operation of an airbag byplacing feet, knees or any other part ofthe body on or near an airbag.

Warning: Do not attach or place objectson or near the front airbags, the side ofthe front seats, the headliner at the sideof the vehicle, or any other airbag coverthat could interfere with inflation of anairbag. Objects can cause serious injury ifthe vehicle is in a collision severe enoughto cause the airbag to inflate.

Warning: Following inflation, some airbagcomponents are hot. Do not touch untilthey have cooled.

Airbags


Creating a Driver ProfileIf equipped with the driver profile feature, youonly need to adjust Model S once. When youfirst adjust the driver’s seat, steering wheel, ordriver’s side mirror (if equipped), thetouchscreen prompts you to create a driverprofile to save these adjustments. Your profilealso saves some of the preferences you makeusing the touchscreen’s Settings window.

A driver can add a new driver profile bytouching Controls > Settings > Driver Profiles(or by touching the driver icon on thetouchscreen's status bar, and touching CreateDriver Profile). Enter the driver name andtouch Create Profile.

If you change the position of the steeringwheel, driver’s seat, or driver’s side mirrorafter you have saved a profile, the touchscreenprompts you to save the new position orrestore the previously saved position (otherpreferences are automatically saved). To use asetting without saving or restoring, just ignorethe prompt.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture,adjustments made to the driver's side mirrormay not be saved to your driver profile.

Note: Valet Mode is a built-in driver profileused to limit speed and restrict access tosome Model S features (see Valet Mode onpage 32).

Note: Depending on date of manufacture andoptions selected at time of purchase, someModel S vehicles are not equipped with theDriver Profile feature. Also, in cases where thevehicle is equipped with Driver Profiles, somefeatures may not be automatically saved andadjusted based on the driver profile (forexample, mirror position).

Restoring a Driver’s Profile

To adjust Model S based on a driver’sprofile, touch the driver profile icon,located to the left side of the Tesla“T” on the touchscreen’s status bar.Then choose the driver and thesaved adjustments are automaticallymade.

Saved Driver SettingsTo see what settings are associated with yourdriver profile, touch Controls > Settings >Driver Profiles. Then touch See what’s saved.A popup window lists the settings that areassociated with a driver profile. These settingsvary depending on the version of softwarecurrently running in Model S.

Valet ModeWhen Model S is in Valet Mode, the followingrestrictions apply:

• Speed is limited to 113 km/h.• Maximum acceleration and power are

limited.• Front trunk and glove box are locked.• The navigation system does not display

Places (this protects Home/Worklocations).

• Voice commands are disabled.• Cruise control is disabled.• Most status bar functions are disabled.• The Mobile Access setting is disabled.• Wifi and Bluetooth are disabled. When

Model S is in Valet Mode, you cannot pairnew Bluetooth devices or view or deleteexisting paired devices.

Note: If a Bluetooth paired device or aknown Wifi network is within operatingrange (approximately nine meters) ofModel S in Valet Mode, Model S willconnect to it.

Starting Valet Mode

With Model S in Park, touch the driver profileicon, located to the left of the Tesla "T" on thetouchscreen's status bar, then touch ValetMode.

The first time you start Valet Mode, you will beprompted to establish a 4-digit PIN that youwill use to cancel Valet Mode.

When Valet mode is active, the instrumentpanel displays the word Valet above thedriving speed and the Valet Mode driverprofile displays on the touchscreen's statusbar.

You can also use the Model S mobile app tostart and cancel Valet Mode (providedModel S is in Park). When using the mobileapp, you do not need to enter a PIN becauseyou are already required to log into the appusing your MY TESLA credentials.

Driver Profiles


Note: If you forget your PIN, reset it frominside Model S by entering your My Teslacredentials (which also cancels Valet Mode).You can also reset your PIN using the Model Smobile app.

Warning: Do not use Valet mode whentowing a trailer. Torque limitations canmake it difficult for Model X to pull atrailer up a hill.

Cancelling Valet Mode

With Model S in Park, touch the Valet Modedriver icon on the touchscreen's status bar,then enter the 4-digit PIN.

When you cancel Valet Mode, all settingsassociated with the most recently used DriverProfile and climate control settings arerestored, and all features are available.

Note: You do not need to enter a PIN to cancelValet Mode from the mobile app.

Driver Profiles

Driving 33

Adjusting PositionAdjust the steering wheel to the desireddriving position by moving the control on theleft side of the steering column. Using thiscontrol, you can move the steering wheelforward and backward and up and down.

Warning: Do not make adjustments whiledriving.

Adjusting SensitivityYou can adjust the feel and sensitivity of thesteering system to suit your personalpreference:

1. On the touchscreen, touch Controls.2. Choose a steering option:

• Comfort - Reduces the effort requiredto turn the wheel. In town, Model Sfeels easier to drive and park.

• Standard - Tesla believes that thissetting offers the best handling andresponse in all conditions.

• Sport - Increases the effort requiredto turn the wheel. When driving athigher speeds, Model S feels moreresponsive.

The only way to really know which option youlike best is to try them.

Using Left Steering Wheel ButtonsUse the buttons on the left side of the steeringwheel to change radio stations, control themedia player’s volume, and to choose whatdisplays on the left side of the instrumentpanel (whenever the Navigation app is notdisplaying instructions).

1. Next

If you are listening to local or satelliteradio and you have defined more than oneradio preset, press to play the next presetin the radio band that is currently playing.If you have not defined more than onepreset, press to go to the next availablefrequency.

If you are listening to Internet radio, or toan audio file on a connected Bluetooth orUSB device, press to skip to the next songor station.

If you have more than one favoritedefined, press and hold to cycle throughfavorites.

2. Scroll Wheel

• To adjust the media volume, roll up ordown.

Note: The scroll wheel adjusts thevolume for media, navigationinstructions and phone calls based onwhat is currently in use. As you adjustvolume, the instrument panel displaysthe volume level and whether you areadjusting volume for media,navigation or phone.

• To mute the media volume, or topause/play an audio file, tap the scrollwheel.

• To choose what displays on the leftside of the instrument panel, press thescroll wheel briefly until the availableoptions are displayed. Roll the scrollwheel to choose Empty, Car Status,Clock, Media, Energy or Trips, etc.When the option you want ishighlighted, tap the scroll wheel.

Note: The option you choose todisplay using the left scroll wheel isretained until you manually change it.It is also saved in your driver profile.

Steering Wheel


3. Previous

Same as described above for Next, exceptit skips to the previous song or station. Ifyou have more than one favorite defined,press and hold to cycle through favorites.

Note: Regardless of how you customize theleft side of the instrument panel, itautomatically changes to display navigationinstructions (if applicable), or to let you knowif a door or trunk is open when Model S is in adriving gear.

Using Right Steering Wheel ButtonsUse the buttons on the right side of thesteering wheel to access call options while ona phone call, to choose what displays on theright side of the instrument panel, to adjustModel S features, and to use voice commands.

Note: Whenever you receive or make a phonecall, the right side of the instrument panelautomatically displays call options to help youeasily handle phone calls on your Bluetooth-connected phone.

1. Press to use a voice command to call acontact, navigate, or listen to Internetmusic. When you hear the tone, speakyour command. Press again to end thevoice command, or simply stop speaking.For details, see Using Voice Commands onpage 35.

2. Scroll Wheel

• During a phone call, touch the scrollwheel to display call options thatallow you to perform an action on thecall.

• Roll the wheel to adjust the mostrecently used feature from the featurelist (see Menu button).

• To choose what displays on the rightside of the instrument panel, press thescroll wheel briefly until the availableoptions are displayed. Roll the scrollwheel to choose Empty, Car Status,Clock, Media, Energy or Trips, etc.When the option you want ishighlighted, tap the scroll wheel.

Note: The option you choose todisplay using the right scroll wheel isretained until you manually change it.It is also saved in your driver profile.

3. Menu button

Press to display a menu that allows you tocontrol the following Model S features:

• Temperature. Roll the wheel to changethe driver side temperature, or pressthe wheel to turn the climate controlsystem on and off.

• Fan Speed. Roll the wheel to adjustthe speed of the fan used to cool orheat the cabin.

• Display Brightness. Roll the wheel tochange the brightness level of thedisplays, or press the wheel to restoredefault settings.

• Sunroof (if equipped). Roll the wheelto adjust the position of the sunroof.

• Recent Calls. If your phone is paired toModel S, roll the wheel to view yourrecent calls. Press the wheel to call thecontact that's displayed. To pair yourphone, see Pairing a Bluetooth Phoneon page 107.

Press the menu button again to close thefeature list.

Using Voice CommandsYou can use voice commands to call a contact,navigate to a location, or listen to Internetmusic. Tap the voice button on the upper rightside of the steering wheel to initiate a voicecommand. When you hear the tone, speakyour command. As you speak, the instrumentpanel displays an interpretation of yourcommand (it also displays tips to remind youof the type of commands you can speak).When you finish speaking the command, tapthe voice button again or simply wait.

• To call a contact on your Bluetooth-connected phone, say “Call” or “Dial,”followed by the contact’s first and/or lastname(s). For example, “Call Joe” or “CallJoe Smith.”

Steering Wheel

Driving 35

• To search for, or navigate to, a location,say “Where is,” “Drive,” or “Navigate,”followed by an address, business name,business category, or landmark. Forexample, “Drive to Tesla in Palo Alto,”“Drive to Starbucks on Homestead inCupertino,” or “Where is StanfordUniversity?” If you have defined anavigation address for your home or worklocations, you can use a voice commandto "Navigate home" or "Navigate to work."

• To listen to an Internet music service, say“Listen to,” or “Play,” followed by thename of the song, album, artist orcombination. To improve voice recognitionaccuracy, provide multiple cues in yourcommand, such as artist plus song (forexample, “Play Yellow Brick Road by EltonJohn” or “Listen to Yellow Brick Road”).

Note: You can also use voice commands toprovide feedback to Tesla. Say "Note","Report", "Bug note", or "Bug report" followedby your brief comments. Model S takes asnapshot of its systems, including screencaptures of the touchscreen and instrumentpanel. Tesla periodically reviews these notesand uses them to continue improving Model S.

Heated Steering WheelIf Model S is equipped with the optional coldweather package, you can access a controlthat instantly warms up the steering wheel bytouching Controls > Cold Weather > HeatedWheel. When turned on, a heater in thesteering wheel provides radiant heat thatkeeps the steering wheel at a comfortabletemperature.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture,some Model S vehicles equipped with theoptional cold weather package may notinclude a heated steering wheel.

HornTo sound the horn, press the center pad onthe steering wheel.

Steering Wheel


Adjusting Exterior Side MirrorsPress the button associated with the mirroryou want to adjust (left or right). The button'slight turns on and you can then press the dialto move the mirror to the desired position.Repeat for the other side mirror. If prompted,touch Save on the touchscreen to save themirror adjustment in your driver profile.

To fold and unfold exterior mirrors, press thecenter button. You can set the mirrors to foldautomatically whenever Model S is locked bytouching Controls > Settings > Vehicle > MirrorAuto-Fold > ON.

The driver’s side mirror automatically dims atnight, in proportion to the level of glare fromthe headlights of a vehicle behind you (exceptwhen in Reverse gear). Also, both exterior sidemirrors have heaters that turn on and off withthe rear window defroster.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture andoptions selected at time of purchase, someModel S vehicles are not equipped with a sidemirror that automatically dims at night andmay not include heated side mirrors. Inaddition, mirror adjustments may not be savedto your driver profile.

Mirror Auto-tilt When Reversing

Both exterior mirrors can automatically tiltdownward when backing up. To adjust theauto-tilt position, shift into Reverse, thenadjust the mirrors as described above (pressthe button associated with the mirror youwant to adjust, then press the dial to move themirror to the desired position). Touch Save onthe touchscreen to save the mirror adjustmentin your driver profile.

When you shift back into Drive, the mirrors tiltback to their normal (upward) position. Butnow that you have adjusted them for backingup, they automatically tilt to the selecteddownward position whenever you shift intoReverse.

You can turn the auto-tilt feature on or offusing the touchscreen, Touch Controls >Settings > Vehicle > Mirror Auto-Tilt.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture andoptions selected at time of purchase, someModel S vehicles are not equipped with MirrorAuto-Tilt.

Rear View MirrorExcept when in Reverse gear, the rear viewmirror automatically dims in proportion to thelevel of glare from the headlights of a vehiclebehind you.

Mirrors

Driving 37

StartingWhen you open a door, Model S powers onthe instrument panel and touchscreen. Theinstrument panel displays the status of doorsand the charge level, and you can operate allcontrols.

To drive:

• PRESS THE BRAKE - Model S powers onand is ready to drive.

• SELECT A GEAR - all the way down forDrive and all the way up for Reverse.

Everything you need to know when drivingModel S displays on the instrument panel.

Key Not Inside

If Model S does not detect a key when youpress the brake, the instrument panel displaysa message telling you that a key was notdetected.

Place the key in the center console cup holderwhere Model S can best detect it.

If Model S still does not detect the key, tryholding it against the center console,immediately below the 12V power socket (see 12V Power Socket on page 106). Or try usinganother key. If another key does not work,contact Tesla.

A number of factors can affect whetherModel S can detect the key. These include alow battery in the key, interference from otherdevices using radio signals, and objectsbetween the key and receiver.

Always keep the key with you. After driving,you need it to restart Model S after it powersoff. And when you leave Model S, you mustbring it with you to lock Model S, eithermanually or automatically (see Walk-awayLocking on page 7).

Powering OffWhen you finish driving, shift into Park bypressing the button on the end of the gearselector. The parking brake automaticallyengages and all systems keep operating.When you leave Model S with the key, itpowers off automatically, turning off thetouchscreen and instrument panel.

Model S also powers off automatically afterbeing in Park for 15 minutes, even if you aresitting in the driver’s seat.

Although usually not needed, you can poweroff Model S while you are still sitting in thedriver’s seat, provided the vehicle is notmoving. Touch Controls > E-Brake & PowerOff > Power Off. Model S automaticallypowers back on again if you press the brake ortouch anywhere on the touchscreen.

Note: Model S automatically shifts into Parkwhenever you leave the vehicle, even if youshift into Neutral before exiting. To keepModel S in Neutral, see Keeping Your Vehiclein Neutral (Tow Mode) on page 39.

Starting and Powering Off


Shifting GearsWhen Model S is in Park, you must press thebrake to shift to another gear.

Move the lever up or down to change gears.

If you try to shift into a gear that the currentdriving speed prohibits, you will hear a chimeand the gear does not change.

Reverse

Push the lever all the way up and release. Youcan only shift into Reverse when Model S isstopped or moving less than 8 km/h. If movingless than 1.6 km/h, you must press the brake.

Neutral

Push the lever up or down to the first positionand release to shift into Neutral. Neutral allowsModel S to roll freely.

If Model S is in Park and you use thetouchscreen to release the parking brake(Controls > E-Brake & Power Off), Model Sshifts into Neutral (see Parking Brake on page52).

Model S automatically shifts into Park whenyou exit. To leave Model S in Neutral, use thetouchscreen to engage Tow mode (see Keeping Your Vehicle in Neutral (Tow Mode)on page 39).

Drive

Push the lever all the way down and release.You can shift into Drive when Model S isstopped or moving less than 8 km/h inReverse. If Model S is moving less than1.6 km/h, you must press the brake to shift intoDrive.

Park

With Model S stopped, press the end of thegear selector. Whenever Model S is in Park, theparking brake is applied.

Model S automatically shifts into Parkwhenever you:

• Leave the vehicle.• Connect a charge cable.

To make it convenient to pick up passengers,you can also unlock all doors and/or extendthe door handles at any time by shifting intothe Park gear then pressing the Park button asecond time.

Keeping Your Vehicle in Neutral(Tow Mode)Model S automatically shifts into Parkwhenever you finish driving and leave Model S.To keep Model S in Neutral when you exit,allowing it to roll freely (for example, pullingonto a transporter, etc.), activate Tow mode:

1. Shift into Park.2. Press the brake pedal.3. Touch Controls > Settings > Service &

Reset > Tow Mode.

Model S beeps, and shifts into Neutral (whichreleases the parking brake).

When Tow mode is active, Model Sdisplays this indicator light on theinstrument panel, along with amessage telling you that Model S willremain free rolling.

Note: In Tow mode, Model S does not shift intoa driving gear. To cancel Tow mode, shift intoPark or touch Tow mode again. Tow mode alsocancels if you use the touchscreen to applythe parking brake (Controls > E-Brake & PowerOff > Parking Brake).

Gears

Driving 39

Instrument Panel OverviewThe instrument panel changes depending on whether Model S is:

• Off (shown below).• Driving (see Instrument Panel - Driving on page 43).• Charging (see Charging Status on page 127).

When Model S is off, the instrument panel shows remaining estimated range, status of doors, andoutside temperature. When you press the brake, indicator lights flash on briefly along the top.Unless an indicator light applies to a current situation, it should turn off. If an indicator light fails toturn on or off, contact Tesla.

Note: The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending on vehicleoptions, software version, and market region, the information displayed may be slightly different.

The following indicators illuminate on the instrument panel to advise you or alert you of a specificcondition.

Indicator

Description

Low beam headlights are on.

High beam headlights are on. Illuminates on a Model S that is equipped with theoptional Autopilot Tech Package only in situations where high beams are on but theAuto High Beam setting is turned off. See High Beam Headlights on page 48.

High beam headlights are currently turned on, and Auto High Beam is ready to turn offthe high beams if light is detected in front of Model S. See High Beam Headlights onpage 48.

High beam headlights are temporarily turned off because Auto High Beam is on and isdetecting light in front of Model S. When light is no longer detected, the high beamswill automatically turn back on. See High Beam Headlights on page 48.

Parking lights (side marker lights, tail lights, and license plate lights) are on. See Lightson page 45.

Instrument Panel


Indicator

Description

Front fog lights (optional). See Lights on page 45.

Electronic stability control systems are actively minimizing wheel spin by controllingbrake pressure and motor power (indicator flashes). See Traction Control on page 53.If this indicator stays illuminated, a fault is detected (contact Tesla immediately).

Smart Air Suspension’s automatic self-leveling is disabled. In other words, Model S is inJack mode and is ready to be lifted or pulled onto a transporter. Jack mode cancelswhen Model S is driven over 7 km/h. See Smart Air Suspension on page 101.

A Smart Air Suspension fault is detected. Contact Tesla. See Smart Air Suspension onpage 101.

A brake system fault is detected or the brake fluid level is low. See Brakes on page 51.Contact Tesla immediately.

Airbag safety. If this indicator does not flash on briefly when Model S prepares to drive,or if it remains on, contact Tesla immediately. See Airbag Warning Indicator on page 31.

An ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) fault is detected. See Brakes on page 51. ContactTesla immediately.

The parking brake is manually applied. See Parking Brake on page 52.

A parking brake fault is detected. Contact Tesla. See Parking Brake on page 52.

Vehicle Hold is actively applying the brakes. See Vehicle Hold on page 56.

Tire pressure warning. The pressure of a tire is out of range. If a fault with the TirePressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is detected, the indicator flashes. For a TPMS fault,contact Tesla. See Tire Care and Maintenance on page 129.

A door or trunk is open. See Doors on page 4, Rear Trunk on page 10, or Front Trunk onpage 12.

A seat belt for an occupied seat is not fastened. See Seat Belts on page 19.

Instrument Panel

Driving 41

Indicator

Description

The front passenger’s air bag is turned off. See Airbags on page 28.

Electronic stability control systems are no longer minimizing wheel spin (i.e. on a singlemotor vehicle, the traction control system has been turned off, or on a dual-motorvehicle, Slip Start has been enabled). See Traction Control on page 53.

Model S is in Tow mode and can roll freely. It does not automatically shift into Parkwhen you exit. See Instructions for Transporters on page 161.

Trailer mode (if equipped) is active.

Flashes green when the left turn signal is operating. Both turn signal indicators flashgreen when the hazard warning flashers are operating.

Flashes green when the right turn signal is operating. Both turn signal indicators flashgreen when the hazard warning flashers are operating.

Instrument Panel


Instrument Panel - DrivingWhen Model S is driving (or ready to drive), the instrument panel shows your current drivingstatus and a real-time visualization of the road as detected by Model S's Autopilot components(see About Driver Assistance on page 62).

Note: The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending on vehicleoptions, software version, and market region, the information displayed may be slightly different.

1. Indicator lights display along the top to provide status (see Instrument Panel Overview onpage 40).

2. When you are actively navigating to a destination, navigation instructions display here. Usethe left steering wheel buttons to change what displays on the left side of the instrumentpanel whenever navigation instructions are not displayed (see Using Left Steering WheelButtons on page 34).

3. Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is cruising at a set speed. When Traffic-Aware Cruise Control isavailable but you haven't set a cruising speed, the icon is gray and the speed is not shown(see Traffic-Aware Cruise Control on page 64).

4. Driving speed.5. Autosteer is actively steering Model S. When Autosteer is available but you haven't activated

it, the icon is gray (see Autosteer on page 70).6. On the Energy graph, dashed lines appear on the power meter if Model S is limiting power.

The dashed lines appear on the top portion (energy being used) when power available foracceleration is being limited, and on the bottom portion (energy being gained) when powerthat can be gained by regenerative braking is limited. Model S limits power for many reasons.Here are just a few examples:

• Acceleration may be limited when the Battery is reaching a low state of charge or if thepowertrain is hot.

• Both acceleration and regenerative braking may be limited when the ambient temperatureis either very high or very low.

• Regenerative braking may be limited when the Battery is fully charged.

Note: Use the right steering wheel buttons to control what displays on the right side of theinstrument panel (see Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons on page 35).

Instrument Panel

Driving 43

7. Pay attention to important alert messages that display here. If any alerts are in effect, you canview information about them by touching the alert icon (exclamation mark) on thetouchscreen’s status bar (the topmost area of the touchscreen).

8. Use the right steering wheel buttons to change what displays on the right side of theinstrument panel whenever a phone call is not active (see Using Right Steering Wheel Buttonson page 35).

9. Total estimated driving distance (or energy) available. Instead of driving distance, you candisplay the percentage of battery energy remaining. To do so, touch Controls > Settings >Units & Format > Energy & Charging (see Settings on page 93).

Note: When anticipating when you need to charge, use range estimates as a general guidelineonly.

Note: In cold weather, some of the stored energy in the Battery may not be available on yourdrive because the Battery is too cold. When this happens, a portion of the Battery meter isblue and the driving distance value has a snowflake image next to it. If Model S is plugged in,you can heat your Battery using wall power by turning on climate control using the mobileapp. When the Battery warms up, the blue portion on the meter and the snowflake image areno longer displayed.

10. The speed limit (if available) that is currently being detected by Speed Assist (see SpeedAssist on page 84).

11. The car in front of you (if applicable).12. Pay attention to important driving-related messages that appear at the bottom center of the

instrument panel.13. Your Model S.14. When Autosteer is active, the driving lane is highlighted in blue (see Autosteer on page 70).15. Currently selected gear: Park, Reverse, Neutral, or Drive.

Instrument Panel


Controlling Lights

Touch Controls on the bottom corner of the touchscreen to control most of the lights.

In addition to the lights that you can control from the touchscreen, Model S has convenience lightsthat turn on and off automatically based on what you are doing. For example, you will noticeinterior lights, marker lights, tail lights, door handle lights, and puddle lights that turn on when youunlock Model S, when you open a door, and when you shift into Park. They turn off automaticallyafter a minute or two or when you shift into a driving gear or lock Model S.

Note: Depending on options chosen at time of purchase, some vehicles are not equipped with foglights.

Lights

Driving 45

1. If you turn on DOME lights, all interior dome (map) lights turn on when you unlock Model S,open a door upon exiting, or shift into P (Park). They turn off after 60 seconds, when you lockModel S, or when you shift into a driving gear. If set to AUTO, dome lights turn on only whenlittle or no light is detected.

You can also manually turn an individual dome light on or off by pressing its lens. If youmanually turn a dome light on, it turns off when Model S powers off. If Model S was alreadypowered off when you manually turned the light on, it turns off after 60 minutes.

2. If you turn on AMBIENT lights, the lights on the door armrests turn on whenever theheadlights are on.

3. If you turn on AUTO HIGH BEAM, high beam headlights turn on and off automatically basedon whether or not light is detected in front of Model S (see High Beam Headlights on page48). This feature is available only if Model S is equipped with the optional Autopilot TechPackage.

4. Touch to turn fog lights (if equipped) on or off. Fog lights operate only when low beamheadlights are on. Fog lights do not operate when headlights are turned off or when highbeam headlights are on.

The Front Fog indicator displays on the instrument panel whenever front foglights are on.

The Rear Fog indicator displays on the instrument panel whenever rear foglights are on.

Note: Depending on the market region and vehicle options, your vehicle may not be equippedwith front and/or rear fog lights.

Note: In some regions, there is no control for the front fog lights. They operate in conjunctionwith the headlights and turn on only in situations where low beam headlights are on.

Lights


5. If Model S is equipped with a coil suspension system, you can adjust the angle of theheadlights to accommodate the load you are carrying. You may need to lower the angle of theheadlights to avoid blinding oncoming drivers in situations when you are carrying a significantamount of weight in the rear trunk. After touching LEVEL, drag the slider to the desiredposition:

0 Headlights are not lowered. No change is needed when all front and rear seats areoccupied and only the front trunk is laden.

1 Headlights are lowered one level. Suitable when the front and rear seats areoccupied and the rear trunk is laden.

2 Headlights are lowered two levels. Suitable when carrying heavy loads.

Note: Headlight adjustments are not available if Model S is equipped with Smart AirSuspension because Model S levels automatically.

6. Exterior lights (headlights, tail lights, side marker lights, parking lights, and license platelights) are set to AUTO each time you start Model S.

AUTOExterior lights automatically turn on when driving in low lightingconditions. If you change to a different setting, lights always revert to thisAUTO setting on your next drive.

Touch one of these options to temporarily change the exterior light setting:

OFFExterior lights turn off until you manually turn them back on or until thenext time you drive Model S. If daytime running lights are required in yourregion, the exterior lights used for this purpose do not turn off.

Only the side marker lights, parking lights, tail lights and license platelights turn on.

Exterior lights turn on.

Note: Model S has a series of lights along the lower rim of the headlights, also referred to as"signature" lights. These lights automatically turn on whenever Model S is powered on and adriving gear is engaged.

Warning: Always ensure that your headlamps are switched to AUTO or ON, asappropriate, during all low visibility conditions. Failure to do so may result in a collision.

Lights

Driving 47

High Beam HeadlightsPush the left-hand steering column lever awayfrom you. To cancel, pull the lever toward you.

If Model S is equipped with Driver Assistancecomponents (see About Driver Assistance onpage 62), and you have purchased theoptional Autopilot Tech Package, the highbeam headlights can automatically switch tolow beam when there is light detected in frontof Model S (for example, from an oncomingvehicle or street lights). To turn this feature on,touch Controls > Auto High Beam.

Note: Your chosen setting is retained until youmanually change it. It can also be saved inyour driver profile.

In situations where high beams are turned offbecause Auto High Beam is turned on andlight is detected in front of Model S, you cantemporarily turn on high beams by pulling thelever all the way toward you.

The following indicator light islights are visibleon the instrument panel when high beams areturned on:

High beams are turned on.

High beams are turned on and theAuto High Beam setting is turnedoff.

High beams are currently turned on,and Auto High Beam is ready to turnoff the high beams if light isdetected in front of Model S.

High beams are temporarily turnedoff because Auto High Beam is onand is detecting light in front ofModel S. When light is no longerdetected, the high beams willautomatically turn back on.

To flash the headlight high beams, pull thelever fully toward you and release.

Warning: Auto High Beam is an aid onlyand is subject to limitations. It is thedriver's responsibility to make sure thatthe headlights are always adjusted asappropriate for the weather conditionsand driving circumstances.

Headlights After ExitWhen you stop driving and park Model S inlow lighting conditions, the exterior lightsautomatically turn on. They automatically turnoff after one minute or when you lockModel S.

You can turn this feature on and off using thetouchscreen. Touch Controls > Settings >Vehicle > Headlights After Exit. WhenHeadlights After Exit is set to Off, theheadlights turn off when you engage the Parkgear.

Adaptive Front Lighting System(AFS)The Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS)automatically adjusts the beam of theheadlights to improve your driving view.Electric sensors measure driving speed,steering angle and yaw (the rotation of the cararound the vertical axis) to determine theoptimum position of the headlights based oncurrent driving conditions. For example, toimprove visibility while driving on windingroads at night, the AFS casts the beam in thedirection of the curve. When low beamheadlights are turned on and when driving atlower speeds, AFS improves lateralillumination to increase the visibility ofpedestrians and curbs, and to improvevisibility when turning at a dark intersection,into a driveway, or when making a u-turn.

The Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS)operates whenever headlights are on. IfModel S isn't moving, or is moving in reverse,the adaptive headlights do not activate. Thisprevents the lights from inadvertently blindingother drivers. To turn the AFS off, touchControls > Settings > Vehicle > AdaptiveHeadlights > OFF.

If the AFS fails, the instrument paneldisplays an alert. Contact TeslaService.

Lights


Turn SignalsMove the left-hand steering column lever up(before turning right) or down (before turningleft).

The turn signals stop operating when canceledby the steering wheel, or when you return thelever to the central position.

The corresponding turn signalindicator lights up on the instrumentpanel when a turn signal isoperating. You also hear a clickingsound.

Warning: If Model S is equipped with bothAutopilot hardware and the optionalAutopilot Tech Package, and Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is active, engaginga turn signal can cause Model S toaccelerate when using Traffic-AwareCruise Control in specific situations (see Overtake Acceleration on page 67).

Warning: If Model S is equipped with bothAutopilot hardware and the optionalAutopilot Tech Package, and Autosteer isactive, engaging a turn signal can causeModel S to change lanes (see Auto LaneChange on page 73).

Lane Change Flash

To indicate a lane change, quickly press thelever up or down against the spring pressure,then release. The corresponding turn signalflashes three times.

Hazard Warning FlashersTo turn on the hazard warning flashers, pressthe button located on the side of thetouchscreen closest to the steering wheel. Allturn signals flash. Press again to turn off.

Note: Hazard warning flashers operate evenwithout a Model S key nearby.

Lights

Driving 49

WipersTo wipe the windshield, rotate the end of theleft-hand steering column lever away fromyou. You can choose from four levels:

• 1st: Auto with low rain sensitivity.*• 2nd: Auto with high rain sensitivity.*• 3rd: Continuous, slow.• 4th: Continuous, fast.

For a single wipe, press and release the end ofthe lever.

If the wipers are set to Auto and the sensordetects no water, the wipers do not wipe.

When you operate the wipers, headlightsautomatically turn on (if they are not onalready).

*Model S has a rain sensor located on theinside of the windshield at the base of theinterior mirror. When wipers are set to Auto,the frequency at which they wipe depends onhow much water the sensor detects. Whenwipers are set to the 2nd level, the sensor ismore sensitive.

To extend the life of wiper blades, remove icefrom the windshield before turning wipers on.Ice has sharp edges that can damage therubber on the blades.

Periodically check and clean the edge of thewiper blade. If damaged, replace the bladeimmediately. For details on checking andreplacing wiper blades, see Wipers andWashers on page 50.

Caution: In harsh climates, ensure that thewiper blades are not frozen or adhered tothe windshield.

De-icing Wipers

To make wiper blades easy to access so youcan remove any ice and snow, shift Model Sinto Park, turn the wipers off, then use thetouchscreen to move them to the serviceposition. Touch Controls > Settings > Service &Reset > Service Mode > ON. When parking incold outdoor climates, it is helpful to leaveModel S with the wipers in the serviceposition. In this position, they are closer to thedefrost vent, allowing you to thaw them bydirecting air from the climate control systemtowards the windshield.

Note: Wipers automatically return to theirnormal position when you shift Model S out ofPark.

If Model S is equipped with the optional coldweather package, you can de-ice wipers bytouching Controls > Cold Weather > HeatedWipers. Wiper heaters automatically turns offafter 15 minutes.

WashersPress the button on the end of the leftsteering column lever to spray washer fluidonto the windshield. You can press this buttonat two levels. Press partially for a single wipe,without any washer fluid. Press fully for bothwipe and wash. When washing the windshield,the wipers will perform two wipes after yourelease the button, then a third wipe a fewseconds later.

Periodically top up washer fluid (see ToppingUp Washer Fluid on page 146).

De-icing Washer Nozzles

If Model S is equipped with the optional coldweather package, washer nozzles have de-icers that turn on whenever the ambienttemperature nears freezing, or when you turnon the heated wipers (Controls > ColdWeather > Heated Wipers). The washer de-icers turn off when the heated wipers turn off(after 15 minutes), provided the temperature iswarm enough to prevent freezing.

Wipers and Washers


Braking SystemsModel S has an anti-lock braking system (ABS)that prevents the wheels from locking whenyou apply maximum brake pressure. Thisimproves steering control during heavybraking in most road conditions.

During emergency braking conditions, theABS constantly monitors the speed of eachwheel and varies the brake pressure accordingto the grip available.

The alteration of brake pressure can be felt asa pulsing sensation through the brake pedal.This demonstrates that the ABS is operatingand is not a cause for concern. Keep firm andsteady pressure on the brake pedal whileexperiencing the pulsing.

The ABS indicator flashes briefly onthe instrument panel when you firststart Model S. If this indicator lightsup at any other time, an ABS faulthas occurred and the ABS is notoperating. Contact Tesla. The brakingsystem remains fully operational andis not affected by an ABS failure.However, braking distances mayincrease.

If the instrument panel displays thisindicator at any time other thandisplaying briefly when you first startModel S, a brake system fault isdetected or the brake fluid level islow. Contact Tesla immediately.

Emergency Braking

In an emergency, fully press the brake pedaland maintain firm pressure, even on lowtraction surfaces. The ABS varies the brakingpressure to each wheel according to theamount of traction available. This preventswheels from locking and ensures that you stopas safely as possible.

Warning: Do not pump the brake pedal.Doing so interrupts operation of the ABSand can increase braking distance.

Warning: Always maintain a safe distancefrom the vehicle in front of you and beaware of hazardous driving conditions.While the ABS can improve stoppingdistance, it cannot overcome the laws ofphysics. It also does not prevent thedanger of hydroplaning (where a layer ofwater prevents direct contact betweenthe tires and the road).

If Model S is equipped with Autopilothardware, Automatic Emergency Brakingautomatically applies full braking in situationswhere a collision is considered imminent (see Automatic Emergency Braking on page 82).

Brake WearModel S brake pads are equipped with wearindicators. A wear indicator is a thin metalstrip attached to the brake pad that squeals asit rubs against the rotor when the pad wearsdown. This squealing sound indicates that thebrake pads have reached the end of theirservice life and require replacement. To stopthe squealing, contact Tesla Service.

Brakes must be periodically inspected visuallyby removing the tire and wheel. For detailedspecifications and service limits for rotors andbrake pads, see Brakes on page 155.

Warning: Neglecting to replace wornbrake pads results in damage to thebraking system and can create a brakinghazard.

Brakes

Driving 51

Regenerative BrakingWhenever Model S is moving and your foot isoff the accelerator, regenerative braking slowsdown Model S and feeds any surplus energyback to the Battery.

By anticipating your stops and simplyremoving pressure from the accelerator toslow down, you can take advantage ofregenerative braking to increase driving range.Of course, this is no substitute for regularbraking when needed for safety.

Note: If regenerative braking is aggressivelyslowing Model S, such as on a steep descent,brake lights turn on to alert other road usersthat you are slowing down.

The Energy app displays real-time feedbackon the amount of energy being gained byregenerative braking. You can also display thepower meter on either side of the instrumentpanel by choosing Energy using the scrollbutton on the steering wheel (see SteeringWheel on page 34).

The amount of energy fed back to the Batteryusing regenerative braking can depend on thecurrent state of the Battery and the chargelevel setting that you are using. If regenerativebraking is limited, a dashed yellow linedisplays on the power meter. For example,regenerative braking may be limited if theBattery is already fully charged or if theambient temperature is low.

To Set the Regenerative Braking Level

You can use the touchscreen to change thelevel of regenerative braking:

1. Touch Controls > Driving > RegenerativeBraking.

2. Choose from two levels:

• Standard. Provides the standardamount of regenerative braking. Whenyou release the accelerator, Model Sslows down, reducing the need to usethe brakes.

• Low. Limits regenerative braking.When you release the accelerator,Model S takes longer to slow downand coasts further.

Parking BrakeThe parking brake automatically engageswhen you shift Model S into Park, and releaseswhen you shift into any other gear.

Note: The parking brake operates on the rearwheels only, and is independent of the foot-operated brake system.

Use the touchscreen to manually release theparking brake (which also shifts Model S intoNeutral):

1. Touch Controls > E-Brake & Power Off.2. Press the brake pedal, then touch Parking

Brake. If Model S was previously in Park, itshifts into Neutral.

The parking brake indicator lights upon the instrument panel wheneveryou use the touchscreen to manuallyapply the parking brake.

If an electrical issue occurs with theparking brake, an amber parkingbrake fault message displays at thetop center of the touchscreen.

Caution: In the unlikely event that Model Sloses electrical power, you cannot releasethe parking brake.

Brakes


How It WorksThe traction control system constantlymonitors the speed of the front and rearwheels. If Model S experiences a loss oftraction, the system minimizes wheel spin bycontrolling brake pressure and motor power.By default, the traction control system isalways active. Under normal conditions, itshould remain active to ensure maximumsafety.

This indicator flashes on theinstrument panel whenever thetraction control system is activelycontrolling brake pressure and motorpower to minimize wheel spin. If theindicator stays on, a fault is detectedwith the traction control system.Contact Tesla Service.

Warning: Traction control cannot preventaccidents caused by driving dangerouslyor turning too sharply at high speeds.

Warning: If the above indicator remainsilluminated in situations in which you havenot enabled Slip Start (described next),the traction control system may not beoperating correctly. Contact Tesla Serviceimmediately.

Allowing Wheel Slip

To allow the wheels to spin at a limited speed,you can enable Slip Start. Slip Start can beenabled only when Model S is moving48 km/h or slower. Slip Start automaticallydisables when the speed exceeds 80 km/h.

Under normal conditions, Slip Start should notbe enabled. Enable it only in circumstanceswhere you deliberately want the wheels tospin, such as:

• Starting on a loose surface, such as gravelor snow.

• Driving in deep snow, sand or mud.• Rocking out of a hole or deep rut.

To allow the wheels to spin, touch Controls >Driving > Traction Control > Slip Start.

The instrument panel displays analert message when Slip Start isenabled.

Although Slip Start is automatically disabledthe next time you start Model S, it is stronglyrecommended that you disable it immediatelyafter the circumstances that required you toenable it have passed.

Traction Control

Driving 53

How Park Assist WorksModel S has several sensors designed todetect the presence of objects nearby. Whenmoving slowly in Drive or Reverse, the sensorsalert you if an object is detected in closeproximity to the front and rear of yourModel S.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture andoptions selected at time of purchase, someModel S vehicles are not equipped with theparking sensors.

Warning: The Park Assist images providedbelow are representative only. The exactnumber and location of sensors may varydepending on the date your Model S wasmanufactured.

The sensors are activated when driving lessthan 8 km/h.

Warning: Never depend on Park Assist toinform you if an area you are approachingis free of objects and/or people. Severalexternal factors can reduce theperformance of Park Assist, causing

either no readings or false readings (see Limitations and False Warnings on page55). Therefore, depending on Park Assistto determine if Model S is approaching anobstruction can result in damage to thevehicle and/or objects, and canpotentially cause serious injury. Alwaysinspect the area with your own eyes.When reversing, perform shoulder checksand use all mirrors. Park assist does notdetect children, pedestrians, bicyclists,animals, or objects that are moving,protruding, located too far above orbelow the sensors, or too close or too farfrom the sensors. Park Assist is forguidance purposes only and is notintended to replace your own direct visualchecks. It is not a substitute for carefuldriving.

Visual and Audio FeedbackWhen you shift to Reverse, the Park Assistview displays on the left side of the instrumentpanel, showing any objects that are in closeproximity to the front and rear of Model S.This view closes when you shift into Driveunless objects are detected close to the frontof the Model S, in which case the Park Assistview closes automatically when your drivingspeed exceeds 8 km/h. When reversing, visualfeedback also displays on the touchscreen,immediately below the camera view (see RearView Camera on page 61). You can manuallyclose the park assist view on the touchscreenby touching the X in the upper left corner.

When driving with the Camera app displayedon the touchscreen, you can switch to thePark Assist view when driving at speeds below8 km/h. Touch the button located in the upperleft corner of the Camera app window. This isuseful if you need assistance with parallelparking.

If chimes are turned on (see ControllingAudible Feedback on page 55), an audiblebeep sounds as you approach an object. Youcan temporarily mute the chime by pressingthe scroll wheel on the left side of the steeringwheel or by touching the mute button locatedon the in the bottom left corner of the ParkAssist view.

Note: If Model S is equipped with softwareversion 6.1 or newer, and you are driving withthe camera app displayed on the touchscreen,you can switch to the Park Assist view bytouching the icon in the upper left corner ofthe camera app window. You must be drivingat speeds below 8 km/h.

Park Assist


Note: If a sensor is unable to providefeedback, the instrument panel displays analert message.

Caution: Keep sensors clean from dirt,debris, snow, and ice. Avoid using a highpressure power washer on the sensorsand do not clean a sensor with a sharp orabrasive object that can scratch ordamage its surface.

Caution: Do not install accessories orstickers on or near the parking sensors.

Controlling Audible FeedbackYou can use Park Assist with or withoutaudible feedback. To turn chimes on or off,touch Controls > Settings > Safety &Security > Park Assist Chimes.

You can also mute the chimes temporarily bypressing the scroll wheel on the left side of thesteering wheel or by touching the mute buttonin the bottom left corner of the Park Assistview. The chimes are muted until you shift intoa different gear or drive over 8 km/h.

Limitations and False WarningsThe parking sensors may not functioncorrectly in these situations:

• One or more of the parking sensors isdamaged, dirty, or covered (such as mud,ice, or snow).

• Object is located below approximately20 cm (such as a curb or low barrier).

• Weather conditions (heavy rain, snow, orfog) are interfering with sensor operation.

• Object is thin (such as a sign post).• A sensor’s operating range has been

exceeded.• Object is sound-absorbing or soft (such as

powder snow).• Object is sloped (such as a sloped

embankment).• Model S has been parked in, or being

driven in, extremely hot or coldtemperatures.

• The sensors are affected by otherelectrical equipment or devices thatgenerate ultrasonic waves.

• Object is located too close to the bumper.• A bumper is misaligned or damaged.• An object that is mounted to Model S is

interfering with and/or obstructing thesensor (such as a bike rack or a bumpersticker).

Other Parking AidsIn addition to Park Assist, when shifted intoReverse gear, the backup camera displays aview of the area behind Model S (see RearView Camera on page 61).

Park Assist

Driving 55

When Model S is stopped, Vehicle Holdcontinues to apply the brakes even after youremove your foot from the brake pedal. Whendriving on a hill or on a flat surface, brake asyou normally would. You can release the brakepedal, and remain stopped (even on a hill),whenever the instrument panel displays theVehicle Hold indicator light.

This indicator displays on theinstrument panel whenever VehicleHold is engaged.

To disengage Vehicle Hold, press theaccelerator pedal or press and release thebrake pedal.

Note: Shifting into Neutral also disengagesVehicle Hold.

Note: After actively braking Model S forapproximately 10 minutes, Model S shifts intoPark and Vehicle Hold cancels. Model S alsoshifts into Park if it detects that the driver hasleft the vehicle.

Vehicle Hold


Performance Dual-Motor VehiclesOnlyLaunch Mode, available on performance dual-motor vehicles only, provides optimumacceleration on surfaces with good traction.

Warning: Use Launch Mode only inappropriate locations where there is nocross traffic or pedestrians present.Launch Mode is designed for use onclosed circuit driving courses. It is thedriver’s responsibility to ensure thatdriving style and acceleration do notendanger or inconvenience other roadusers.

To Activate Launch ModeBefore activating Launch Mode, it isrecommended that the brakes are slightlywarm by driving for a few minutes and usingthe brakes a few times.

1. Set the acceleration level to Insane orLudicrous and enable Max Battery Power(see Controls on page 90).

2. With Model S shifted into Drive and at acomplete stop with the steering wheelstraight, fully press the brake pedal withyour left foot.

3. While still pressing the brake with your leftfoot, fully press the accelerator pedal withyour right foot, then release theaccelerator pedal. The instrument paneldisplays a message indicating that LaunchMode is enabled.

4. Within eight seconds, fully press theaccelerator pedal a second time to pre-load motor torque, then within fourseconds, release the brake.

When you release the brake, Model S launchesforward.

Note: Launch Mode is not available if Slip Starthas been enabled (i.e. wheels can spin). See Traction Control on page 53.

Note: You can use Launch Mode immediatelyafter enabling Max Battery Power. There is noneed to wait until Max Battery Power is in itsREADY state.

LimitationsLaunch Mode is available only if the ambienttemperature is 3° C or warmer.

Launch Mode

Driving 57

Displaying Trip InformationTrip information displays on the touchscreenwhen you touch Controls > Trips. For thecurrent trip, you can display distance, durationand average energy usage. You can also showdistance and total and average energy usedsince your last charge and for additional trips.

To name or rename a trip, touch the trip'sname, enter a new name for the trip, thenpress Save. To reset a particular trip meter,touch its associated Reset button.

You can display information for up to threetrips on the instrument panel. Use thecheckboxes to specify the trip(s) you want todisplay. Then use the scroll bar on the steeringwheel to display the chosen trip(s) (see UsingLeft Steering Wheel Buttons on page 34 or Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons on page35).

OdometerTo display the odometer, touch the Tesla “T” atthe top center of the touchscreen.

Trip Information


Driving Tips to Maximize RangeYou can maximize your driving range usingthe same driving habits that you use toconserve fuel in a gasoline-powered vehicle. Inaddition to driving habits, energyconsumption depends on environmentalconditions (such as cold weather and hillyroads). To get the maximum mileage from acharge:

• Slow down your driving and avoidfrequent and rapid acceleration.

• Instead of using the brake pedal to slowdown, modulate the accelerator pedal.Whenever Model S is moving and you arenot pressing the accelerator pedal,regenerative braking slows down Model Sand feeds surplus energy back to theBattery (see Regenerative Braking onpage 52).

• Keep tires at the recommended inflationpressures (see Tire Care and Maintenanceon page 129).

• Lighten your load by removing anyunnecessary cargo.

• Limit the use of resources such as heatingand air conditioning. Using seat heaters tokeep warm is more efficient than heatingthe cabin. To automatically limit theamount of power that the climate controlsystem uses to maintain the temperatureof the Battery and the cabin area, touchControls > Driving > Range Mode > ON.

The power meter on the instrument panel andthe Energy app (described next) providefeedback on energy usage. With thisfeedback, you will soon become familiar withhow driving habits and environmentalconditions impact how much energy Model Sis using.

Energy AppUse the Energy app to view real-time andprojected energy usage. Choose from twotypes of charts:

• Consumption Chart - display how muchenergy Model S has consumed over thepast 10, 25 or 50 km.

Touch the Average Range button todisplay a graph of the average energyconsumed over the past 10, 25 or 50 km.The average range and the energy usagedata are used to predict the projectedrange. Touch the Instant Range button todisplay a graph of the energy consumedover the last few data points only. Theinstant range and the energy usage dataare used to calculate the projected range.

• Trip Chart - If your Model S is equippedwith the premium navigation option, youcan monitor the amount of energy beingused while navigating to a destination.You can track actual usage against theinitial prediction. The green line representsthe actual usage whereas the gray linerepresents predicted usage. To change thezoom level, touch the zoom icon locatedin the top right corner of the chart.

Note: The Trip Chart displays energy usageonly if you are currently navigating to adestination.

Saving EnergyModel S has an energy-saving feature thatreduces the amount of energy beingconsumed when Model S is not in use. TouchControls > Displays > Energy Saving andchoose from the following options:

• OFF. Model S shifts to the energy-savingmode at night (10 pm to 5 am).

• ON. Significantly less energy is consumedwhenever Model S is not in use. The start-up time of the instrument panel andBluetooth could be slower.

• Always Connected. Preserves cellconnectivity when energy saving is active.This allows the mobile app to connect toModel S more quickly, and provideimmediate internet access when enteringthe car. Slightly more energy is consumed.

Range AssuranceModel S protects you against running out ofenergy. Model S continuously monitors itsenergy level and proximity to known charginglocations.

Touch the range assurance icon, located in thetop right corner of the map/navigationwindow, to control what charging stationsdisplay on the map:

Getting Maximum Range

Driving 59

The map displays superchargersonly.

The map displays all visitedchargers, Chademo chargers, anddestination chargers. In situationswhere a charging location may notbe reachable based on yourcurrently available driving range, itsassociated icon on othe mapdisplays as semi-transparent.

When you are at risk of driving beyond therange of known charging locations, a popupmessage displays on the touchscreen givingyou the opportunity to display a list ofcharging locations that are within range. Whenyou select a charging location from the list,Model S provides navigation instructions andthe turn-by-turn direction list displays thepredicted amount of energy that will remainwhen you arrive at the charging destination.

In addition to the popup message thatdisplays when you are at risk of drivingbeyond the range of known charginglocations, a warning symbol displays on therange assurance icon:

Touch to display a search list ofcharging locations that areestimated to be within your drivingrange. Then touch a location in thesearch list to navigate to it.

Based on the amount of energyremaining in your Model S, thereare no known charging locationswithin your driving range.

Getting Maximum Range


Camera LocationModel S is equipped with a rear view cameralocated above the rear license plate.

Whenever you shift into Reverse, thetouchscreen displays the view from thecamera. Guide lines show your driving pathbased on the position of the steering wheel.These guide lines adjust appropriately as youmove the steering wheel.

Note: Visual feedback from the parkingsensors displays below the camera image (see Park Assist on page 54).

Note: Depending on date of manufacture andoptions selected at time of purchase, someModel S vehicles are not equipped withparking sensors.

Warning: Never depend on the rear viewcamera to inform you if the area behindyou is free of objects and/or people whenreversing. The camera may not detectobjects or barriers that can potentiallycause damage or injury. In addition,several external factors can reduce theperformance of the camera, including adirty or obstructed lens. Therefore,depending on the rear view camera todetermine if Model S is approaching anobstruction can result in damage to thevehicle and/or objects, and canpotentially cause serious injury. Alwaysinspect the area with your own eyes.When reversing, perform shoulder checksand use all mirrors. Use the camera forguidance purposes only. It is not intendedto replace your own direct visual checksand is not a substitute for careful driving.

Cleaning the Camera

To ensure a clear picture, keep the camera lensclean, and free of obstructions. Remove anybuildup of dirt by occasionally wiping thecamera lens with a soft damp cloth.

Caution: Do not use chemical-based orabrasive cleaners. Doing so can damagethe surface of the camera lens.

Rear View Camera

Driving 61

Driver Assistance ComponentsModel S includes the following Driver Assistance components that actively monitor thesurrounding roadway:

1. Ultrasonic sensors are located near the front and rear bumpers.2. A forward looking camera is mounted on the windshield above the rear view mirror.3. Radar is mounted behind the front bumper on the left side of the vehicle.

Driver Assistance vehicles also include high precision electrically-assisted braking and steeringsystems.

About Driver Assistance


Driver Assistance FeaturesThese safety features are available on allModel S vehicles equipped with DriverAssistance components:

• Lane Assist (see Lane Assist on page79).

• Collision Avoidance Assist (see CollisionAvoidance Assist on page 81).

• Speed Assist (see Speed Assist on page84).

These convenience features, designed toreduce driver workload, are available only ifModel S is equipped with the optionalAutopilot Tech Package:

• Traffic-Aware Cruise Control (see Traffic-Aware Cruise Control on page 64).

• Autosteer (see Autosteer on page 70).• Auto Lane Change (see Auto Lane

Change on page 73).• Autopark (see Autopark on page 75).• Auto High Beam (see High Beam

Headlights on page 48).

You can enable/disable driver assistancefeatures and in some cases, control how theywork. To access settings for Driver Assistancefeatures, touch Controls > Settings > DriverAssistance.

LimitationsMany factors can impact the performance ofDriver Assistance components, causing themto be unable to function as intended. Theseinclude (but are not limited to):

• Poor visibility (due to heavy rain, snow,fog, etc.).

• Bright light (oncoming headlights ordirect sunlight).

• Damage or obstructions caused by mud,ice, snow, etc.

• Interference or obstruction by object(s)mounted onto Model S (such as a bikerack).

• Obstruction caused by applying adhesiveproducts onto Model S (such as wraps,stickers, rubber coating, etc.).

• Narrow or winding roads.• A damaged or misaligned bumper.• Interference from other equipment that

generates ultrasonic waves.• Extremely hot or cold temperatures.

Warning: The list above does notrepresent an exhaustive list of situations

that may interfere with proper operationof Driver Assistance components. Neverdepend on these components to keepyou safe. It is the driver's responsibility tostay alert, drive safely, and be in controlof the vehicle at all times.

Caution: If a windshield replacement isneeded on a Model S equipped with theforward looking camera, you must takeyour vehicle to Tesla Service. This willensure appropriate handling andmounting of the camera. Failure to do socan cause one or more Driver Assistancefeatures to malfunction.

Cleaning Driver AssistanceComponentsTo ensure the various Driver Assistancecomponents can provide information that is asaccurate as possible, keep them clean and freeof obstructions. Occasionally remove anybuildup of dirt by wiping with a soft clothdampened with warm water.

Caution: Do not use chemical-based orabrasive cleaners. Doing so can damagesurfaces.

Caution: Avoid using a high-pressurepower washer.

Caution: Do not clean an ultrasonic sensorwith a sharp or abrasive object that canscratch or damage its surface.

About Driver Assistance

Driver Assistance 63

If Model S is equipped with Driver Assistancecomponents (see About Driver Assistance onpage 62) and you have purchased the optionalAutopilot Tech Package, the forward lookingcamera and the radar sensor are designed todetermine when there is a vehicle in front ofyou in the same lane. If the area in front ofModel S is clear, Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlmaintains a set driving speed. When a vehicleis detected, Traffic-Aware Cruise Control isdesigned to slow down Model S as needed tomaintain a selected time-based distance fromthe vehicle in front, up to the set speed.Traffic-Aware Cruise Control does noteliminate the need to watch the road in frontof you and to apply the brakes when needed.

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is primarilyintended for driving on dry, straight roads,such as highways and freeways. It should notbe used on city streets.

Warning: Traffic-Aware Cruise Control isdesigned for your driving comfort andconvenience and is not a collision warningor avoidance system. It is yourresponsibility to stay alert, drive safely,and be in control of the vehicle at alltimes. Never depend on Traffic-AwareCruise Control to adequately slow downModel S. Always watch the road in frontof you and be prepared to take correctiveaction at all times. Failure to do so canresult in serious injury or death.

Warning: Although Traffic-Aware CruiseControl is capable of detectingpedestrians and cyclists, never depend onTraffic-Aware Cruise Control toadequately slow down Model S for them.Always watch the road in front of you andbe prepared to take corrective action atall times. Failure to do so can result inserious injury or death.

Warning: Do not use Traffic-Aware CruiseControl on city streets or on roads wheretraffic conditions are constantly changing.

Warning: Do not use Traffic-Aware CruiseControl on winding roads with sharpcurves, on icy or slippery road surfaces,or when weather conditions (such asheavy rain, snow, fog, etc) make itinappropriate to drive at a consistentspeed. Traffic-Aware Cruise Control doesnot adapt driving speed based on roadand driving conditions.

Operating Traffic-Aware CruiseControl

The instrument paneldisplays a gray speedometericon on the left side of thedriving speed to indicatethat Traffic-Aware CruiseControl is available but thecruising speed has not beenset. Unless a vehicle isdetected ahead of you, youmust be driving at least8 km/h to use Traffic-AwareCruise Control. If a vehicle isdetected ahead of you, youcan use Traffic-Aware CruiseControl at any speed, evenwhen stationary.

When driving at your desired speed, set thecruising speed by moving the cruise controllever up or down (or pulling it briefly towardyou), then releasing.

The speedometer icon on theinstrument panel turns blueand displays the set speed toindicate that Traffic-AwareCruise Control is activelymaintaining the set speed.

You can now release the accelerator pedal andallow Traffic-Aware Cruise Control to maintainyour set speed. When no vehicle is detectedahead, Traffic-Aware Cruise Control maintainsthe set speed. If a vehicle is detected, Traffic-Aware Cruise Control maintains your chosenfollowing distance, up to the set speed,accelerating and decelerating Model S asneeded. When the vehicle you are following isno longer detected, Traffic-Aware CruiseControl accelerates back to the set speed.Traffic-Aware Cruise Control also adjusts thespeed as appropriate when entering andexiting curves.

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control


You can accelerate at any time when driving ata set speed using Traffic-Aware Cruise Control.But when you release the accelerator, Model Sreturns to the set speed.

When following a vehicle, Traffic-Aware CruiseControl remains active at low speeds, even ifModel S comes to a standstill while following avehicle. When traffic is moving again, Traffic-Aware Cruise Control resumes operating atyour currently set speed. However, if an orobject is detected in front of Model S, Traffic-Aware Cruise Control goes into a HOLD stateand the instrument panel displays a messageindicating that you need to resume cruisecontrol. To resume, press the accelerator pedalor pull the cruise control lever toward you (see Canceling and Resuming on page 68).

In right hand traffic, engaging the right turnsignal when driving in the right-most lanewithin 50 meters of an exit (on a controlledaccess road only, such as a highway orfreeway), causes Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlto assume you are exiting. As a result, Traffic-Aware Cruise Control begins to slow down thevehicle. Likewise in left hand traffic, whenengaging the left turn signal when driving inthe left-most lane within 50 meters of an exit.The onboard GPS (Global Positioning System)determines if you are driving in a region withright or left hand traffic. In situations whereGPS data is unavailable (for example,inadequate signal), engaging the turn signalnear an exit does not cause Traffic-AwareCruise Control to slow down the vehicle.

Note: If you double-pull the cruise controllever (or single-pull when Traffic-Aware CruiseControl is active), Autosteer activates and theset speed changes to either your currentdriving speed, or the speed limit plus anyoffset you have defined, whichever is greater(see Cruising at the Speed Limit on page66).

Note: When Traffic-Aware Cruise Control isactively slowing down Model S to maintain theselected distance from the vehicle ahead, thebrake lights turn on to alert other road usersthat you are slowing down. You may alsonotice slight movement of the brake pedal.

Warning: Due to limitations inherent inthe onboard GPS, you may experiencesituations in which Traffic-Aware CruiseControl slows down the vehicle, especiallynear highway exits where a curve isdetected and/or you are activelynavigating to a destination and notfollowing the route.

Warning: Traffic-Aware Cruise Control cannot detect all objects and may not brake/decelerate for stationary vehicles,especially in situations when you aredriving over 80 km/h and a vehicle youare following moves out of your drivingpath and a stationary vehicle or object isin front of you instead. Always payattention to the road ahead and stayprepared to take immediate correctiveaction. Depending on Traffic-AwareCruise Control to avoid a collision canresult in serious injury or death. Inaddition, Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlmay react to vehicles or objects thateither do not exist or are not in the laneof travel, causing Model S to slow downunnecessarily or inappropriately.

Warning: Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlmay be unable to provide adequatespeed control because of limited brakingcapability and hills. It can also misjudgethe distance from a vehicle ahead. Drivingdownhill can increase driving speed,causing Model S to exceed your setspeed. Never depend on Traffic-AwareCruise Control to slow down the vehicleenough to prevent a collision. Alwayskeep your eyes on the road when drivingand be prepared to take corrective actionas needed. Depending on Traffic-AwareCruise Control to slow the vehicle downenough to prevent a collision can result inserious injury or death.

Warning: Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlmay occasionally brake Model S when notrequired or you are not expecting it. Thiscan be caused by closely following avehicle ahead, detecting vehicles orobjects in adjacent lanes (especially oncurves), etc.

Adjust your following distanceTo adjust the distance you want to maintainbetween Model S and a vehicle travelingahead of you, rotate the cruise control lever tochoose a setting from 1 (the closest followingdistance) to 7 (the longest following distance).Each setting corresponds to a time-baseddistance that represents how long it takes forModel S, from its current location, to reach thelocation of the rear bumper of the vehicleahead.



As you rotate the cruise control lever, theinstrument panel displays the current setting.Release the lever when the desired setting isdisplayed.

Cruising at the Speed LimitTraffic-Aware Cruise Control makes it easy tocruise at the speed limit. Once you've initiallyset a cruising speed, you can adjust the speedto cruise at the speed limit that is currentlybeing determined by Speed Assist (see SpeedAssist on page 84). To do so, pull the cruisecontrol lever toward you and holdmomentarily (about half a second). When yourelease, your cruising speed is set to the speedthat is automatically or manually beingdetermined by Speed Assist, taking intoconsideration any offset you have specified. Ifyou are already driving faster than the speedlimit when you pull and momentarily hold thelever, the set speed does not adjust to thespeed limit—it adjusts to your current drivingspeed.

Note: When you adjust the cruising speedbased on the speed limit, the set speed doesnot change when the speed limit changes. Youmust pull and hold the cruise control leveragain to cruise at the new speed limit. You canalso manually adjust your cruising speed atany time (see Changing the Set Speed onpage 66).

Note: If Speed Assist is unable to determine aspeed limit, your set speed does not changewhen you pull the cruise control lever towardyou and hold momentarily.

Warning: Do not rely on Speed Assist todetermine an accurate or appropriate

cruising speed. Always cruise at a safespeed based on road conditions.

Changing the Set SpeedTo change the set speed while using Traffic-Aware Cruise Control, move the cruise controllever up (increase) or down (decrease) untilyour desired speed is reached.

To increase/decrease speed by 1 km/h, movethe lever up or down to the first position andrelease. To increase/decrease speed to theclosest 5 km/h increment, move the lever up/down to the second position and release. Forexample, if you are traveling at 83 km/h andyou move the lever up to the second positionand release, the speed increases to 85 km/h.You can also increase/decrease speed byholding the lever in the full up/down positionand releasing when the desired speed displaysbelow the cruise control icon.

To cruise at the speed limit that is currentlybeing determined by Speed Assist (includingany offsets that you have set), pull the cruisecontrol lever toward you and holdmomentarily (about half a second). See SpeedAssist on page 84.

Note: It may take a few seconds for Model S toreach the new cruising speed.

Note: The maximum set speed is 150 km/h.



Overtake AccelerationWhen following a vehicle with Traffic-AwareCruise Control active, engaging the turn signalto indicate a move into the passing lane brieflyaccelerates Model S towards the vehicleahead. By momentarily holding the turn signallever up or down (depending on the regionyou are driving in), you can quickly accelerateup to your set speed without having to pressthe accelerator pedal. The turn signalaccelerates Model S only when the followingconditions are met:

• Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is operatingand detecting a vehicle in front.

• No obstacles or vehicles are detected inthe target lane.

• Model S is traveling below the set speed,but over 72 km/h.

• The turn signal indicates a move into thepassing lane.

Overtake Acceleration is intended as an aidwhen passing a vehicle ahead of you. Whenthe turn signal is engaged, Traffic-AwareCruise Control continues to maintain distancefrom the vehicle ahead, but allows you to driveslightly closer than your selected distance.

Note: Model S uses its onboard GPS (GlobalPositioning System) to determine if you aredriving in a region with right or left handtraffic. This enables the appropriate turn signalto provide overtake acceleration. Whendriving in right hand traffic, only the left turnsignal indicates a move into the passing lane.In left hand traffic, only the right turn signal(moving the turn signal lever up) indicatespassing. In situations where GPS data isunavailable (for example, inadequate signal),the turn signal does not activate OvertakeAcceleration.

Acceleration cancels when:

• You reach your set cruising speed.• Changing lanes takes too long.• Model S gets too close to the vehicle

ahead.

OR• You disengage the turn signal.

Note: Overtake Acceleration occurs when youeither fully engage the turn signal, or you holdthe turn signal in the momentary position(partially engaged). When you release ordisengage the turn signal, Model S stopsaccelerating (in the same way as when yourelease the accelerator pedal) and resumesthe set speed.

Warning: Overtake Acceleration cancancel for many unforeseen reasons inaddition to those listed above (forexample, lack of GPS data). Stay alert andnever depend on Overtake Accelerationto increase your driving speed.

Warning: Overtake Acceleration increasesyour driving speed whenever theappropriate turn signal is engaged, andaccelerates Model S closer to the vehicleahead. Although Traffic-Aware CruiseControl continues to maintain distancefrom the vehicle ahead, it is important tobe aware that your selected followingdistance is reduced when OvertakeAcceleration is active, particularly in caseswhere it may not be your intention toovertake the vehicle you are following.



Canceling and ResumingTo manually cancel Traffic-Aware CruiseControl, briefly push the cruise control leveraway from you or press the brake pedal. Thespeedometer icon on the instrument panelturns gray to indicate that cruise control is notactively controlling your speed.

To resume cruising at the previously setspeed, briefly pull the cruise control levertoward you.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture,some Model S vehicles have a button on theend of the cruise control lever. Pressing thisbutton when cruise control is active cancelscruise control.

Note: When Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlcancels, Model S does not coast. Instead,regenerative braking slows down Model S inthe same way as when you move your foot offthe accelerator when driving without cruisecontrol (see Regenerative Braking on page52).

Warning: Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlcancels, or may not be available, in thefollowing situations:

• You press the brake pedal.• Your driving speed drops below

8 km/h in situations when Model Sdoes not detect a vehicle aheadwithin the specified distance.

• Your driving speed exceeds themaximum cruising speed of 150 km/h.

• You shift Model S out of Drive.• The driver's seat belt is unbuckled.• A door is opened.

• The view from the radar sensor orcamera is obstructed. This could becaused by dirt, mud, ice, snow, fog,etc.

• The traction control setting ismanually disabled or is repeatedlyengaging to prevent wheels fromslipping.

• The wheels are spinning while at astandstill.

• The cruise control system is failing.• The cruise control system requires

service.

When Traffic-Aware Cruise Control isunavailable or cancels, Model S no longerdrives consistently at a set speed and nolonger maintains a specified distancefrom the vehicle ahead.

Warning: Traffic-Aware Cruise Control cancancel unexpectedly at any time forunforeseen reasons. Always watch theroad in front of you and stay prepared totake appropriate action. It is the driver'sresponsibility to be in control of Model Sat all times.

Summary of Cruise Indicators

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control isavailable but is not activelycontrolling your speed until you setthe cruising speed. Accelerate untilyou reach a desired cruising speed,then briefly tap the cruise controllever up or down (or pull brieflytoward you).

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control isoperating and is either maintainingthe set speed (no vehicle in front) oris maintaining a chosen followingdistance from a vehicle in front (upto the set speed).

Model S has fully stopped behind avehicle it was following but an objectis detected in front of Model S,causing Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlto be in a HOLD state. Tap theaccelerator pedal to resume cruisingat the set speed.

LimitationsTraffic-Aware Cruise Control is particularlyunlikely to operate as intended in thefollowing types of situations:



• The road has sharp curves.• Visibility is poor (due to heavy rain, snow,

fog, etc.).• Bright light (oncoming headlights or

direct sunlight) is interfering with thecamera's view.

• The radar sensor is obstructed (dirty,covered, etc.).

• The windshield area in the camera's fieldof view is obstructed (fogged over, dirty,covered by a sticker, etc.).



Note: Autosteer is a BETA feature.

If Model S is equipped with Driver Assistancecomponents (see About Driver Assistance onpage 62), and you have purchased theoptional Autopilot Tech Package, you can useAutosteer to manage steering and speedunder certain circumstances. Autosteer buildsupon Traffic-Aware Cruise Control, intelligentlykeeping Model S in its driving lane whencruising at a set speed. Using the forwardlooking camera, the radar sensor, and theultrasonic sensors, Autosteer detects lanemarkings and the presence of vehicles andobjects, assisting you in steering Model Sbased on the lane markings and the vehicledirectly in front of you.

Warning: Autosteer is a hands-on feature.You must keep your hands on the steeringwheel at all times.

Warning: Autosteer is intended for useonly on highways and limited-accessroads with a fully attentive driver. Whenusing Autosteer, hold the steering wheeland be mindful of road conditions andsurrounding traffic. Do not use Autosteeron city streets, in construction zones, orin areas where bicyclists or pedestriansmay be present. Never depend onAutosteer to determine an appropriatedriving path. Always be prepared to takeimmediate action. Failure to follow theseinstructions could cause serious propertydamage, injury or death.

Operating AutosteerBefore you can operate Autosteer, you mustenable it by touching Controls > Settings >Driver Assistance > Autosteer > Enable.

To indicate that Autosteer is available (but notactively steering Model S), the instrumentpanel displays a gray Autosteer icon on theright side of the driving speed as shown here:

To initiate Autosteer, pull the cruise controllever toward you twice in quick succession.Autosteer briefly displays a message on theinstrument panel reminding you to payattention to the road and have your hands onthe steering wheel. To indicate that Autosteeris now actively assisting in steering Model S,the instrument panel displays the Autosteericon in blue. When Autosteer is able to detectlane markings, it also displays the driving lanein blue:

Note: To initiate Autosteer, you must bedriving at least 8 km/h on a roadway withvisible lane markings. If a vehicle is detectedahead of you, you can initiate Autosteer at anyspeed, even when stationary.

Note: In most cases, Autosteer attempts tocenter Model S in the driving lane. However, ifthe sensors detect the presence of an obstacle(such as a vehicle or guard rail), Autosteermay steer Model S in a driving path that isoffset from the center of the lane.

Note: In situations where you attempt toengage Autosteer, but you are not drivingwithin the required driving speed forAutosteer to operate, or Autosteer is notreceiving adequate data from the camera orsensors, a message displays on the instrumentpanel indicating that Autosteer is temporarilyunavailable.

Autosteer


Restricted Speed

Autosteer is intended for use on freeways andhighways where access is limited by entry andexit ramps. When using Autosteer onresidential roads, a road without a centerdivider, or a road where access is not limited,Autosteer limits the driving speed. Themaximum driving speed is calculated basedon the detected speed limit plus 10 km/h. Insituations where the speed limit cannot bedetected, speed is limited to 70 km/h. WhenAutosteer is engaged in these situations, itreduces your driving speed and your setspeed to be within these limits. You canmanually accelerate to exceed the limitedspeed, but when you release the acceleratorpedal, Autosteer slows Model S to the limitedspeed. When you leave the road, or disengageAutosteer by using the steering wheel, youcan increase your set speed again, if desired.

Hold Steering WheelAutosteer uses data from the camera, sensors,and GPS to determine how best to assist youin steering Model S. When active, Autosteerrequires you to hold the steering wheel. If itdoes not detect your hands on the steeringwheel for a period of time, a flashing whitelight appears around the instrument panel andthe following message is displayed on theinstrument panel:

Autosteer detects your hands by recognizinglight resistance as the steering wheel turns orfrom you manually turning the steering wheelvery lightly (i.e., without enough force toretake control). When your hands aredetected, the message disappears andAutosteer resumes normal operation.

Note: Autosteer may also sound a chime atthe same time that the message is initiallydisplayed.

Autosteer requires that you pay attention toyour surroundings and remain prepared totake control at any time. If Autosteer still doesnot detect your hands on the steering wheel,the request escalates by sounding chimes thatincrease in frequency.

If you repeatedly ignore hands-on prompts,Autosteer displays the following message andbecomes disabled for the rest of the drive. Ifyou don't resume manual steering, Autosteersounds a continuous chime, turns on thewarning flashers, and slows the vehicle to acomplete stop.

For the rest of the drive, you must steermanually. Autosteer is available again afteryou shift the vehicle into Park.

Autosteer is AbortingIn situations where Autosteer is unable toassist in steering Model S, Autosteer aborts,sounds a warning chime, and displays thefollowing message on the instrument panel:

Canceling AutosteerAutosteer cancels when:

• You apply rotational force to the steeringwheel (even a slight amount).

• You press the brake pedal.• You push the cruise control lever away

from you.• You unbuckle the driver's seat belt.• The maximum speed that Autosteer

supports (150 km/h) is exceeded.• You shift out of the Drive gear.• An Automatic Emergency Braking event

occurs (see Collision Avoidance Assist onpage 81).

When Autosteer cancels, the Autosteer icon isgray to indicate that Autosteer is no longeractive.

Note: If Autosteer cancels because youapplied rotational force to the steering wheel,Traffic-Aware Cruise Control remains active.Disengage Traffic-Aware Cruise Control as younormally would, by pressing the brake orbriefly pushing the cruise control lever awayfrom you.

To disable Autosteer so it is no longeravailable, touch Controls > Settings > DriverAssistance > Autosteer > OFF.

Autosteer


LimitationsAutosteer is particularly unlikely to operate asintended in the following situations:

• Autosteer is unable to accuratelydetermine lane markings due to poorvisibility (heavy rain, snow, fog, etc.), or anobstructed, covered, or damaged cameraor sensor.

• When driving on hills.• When approaching a toll booth.• The road has sharp curves or is

excessively rough.• Bright light (such as direct sunlight) is

interfering with the camera's view.• The sensors are affected by other

electrical equipment or devices thatgenerate ultrasonic waves.

Warning: Many unforeseen circumstancescan impair the operation of Autosteer.Always keep this in mind and rememberthat as a result, Autosteer may not assistin steering Model S appropriately. Alwaysdrive attentively and be prepared to takeimmediate action.

Autosteer


If Model S is equipped with Driver Assistancecomponents (see About Driver Assistance onpage 62), and you have purchased theoptional Autopilot Tech Package, you can useAuto Lane Change to move Model S into anadjacent lane. When both Traffic-Aware CruiseControl and Autosteer are active, Auto LaneChange intelligently assists you in steeringModel S into an adjacent driving lane. Usingthe forward looking camera, the radar sensor,and the ultrasonic sensors, Autosteer detectslane markings and the presence of othervehicles.

Auto Lane Change is designed for use onhighways and main roads with visible lanemarkings and under relatively predictablecircumstances in which minimal steering anddriver intervention is needed.

Warning: It is the driver's responsibility todetermine whether a lane change is safeand appropriate. Auto Lane Change cannot detect oncoming traffic in the targetlane, especially fast moving vehicles fromthe rear. Therefore, before initiating a lanechange, always check blind spots, lanemarkings, and the surrounding roadwayto confirm it is safe and appropriate tomove into the target lane.

Warning: Never depend on Auto LaneChange to determine an appropriatedriving path. Drive attentively bywatching the road and traffic ahead ofyou, checking the surrounding area, andmonitoring the instrument panel forwarnings. Always be prepared to takeimmediate action.

Warning: Do not use Auto Lane Changeon city streets or on roads where trafficconditions are constantly changing andwhere bicycles and pedestrians arepresent.

Warning: The performance of Auto LaneChange depends on the forward lookingcamera's ability to recognize lanemarkings.

Warning: Do not use Auto Lane Changeon winding roads with sharp curves, onicy or slippery roads, or when weatherconditions (such as heavy rain, snow, fog,etc.) may be obstructing the view fromthe camera or sensors.

Operating Auto Lane ChangeBefore you can operate Auto Lane Change,you must enable it by touching Controls >Settings > Driver Assistance > Auto LaneChange > On.

Note: Before you can turn on Auto LaneChange, you must turn on Autosteer (see Autosteer on page 70). Without Autosteer,Auto Lane Change can not operate.

Note: Your chosen setting is retained until youmanually change it. It is also saved in yourdriver profile.

To change lanes using Auto Lane Change:

• Perform visual checks to make sure it issafe and appropriate to move into thetarget lane.

• Engage the turn signal and initiate thelane change by having your hands on thesteering wheel.

Auto Lane Change assists in moving Model Sinto the adjacent lane in the directionindicated by the turn signal, provided thefollowing conditions are met:

• Auto Lane Change detected your handson the steering wheel.

• The Auto Lane Change setting is turnedon.

• The turn signal is engaged.• Autosteer is actively steering Model S.• The ultrasonic sensors detect no vehicle

or obstacles up to the center of the targetlane.

• The lane markings indicate that a lanechange is permitted.

• The camera's view is not obstructed.• Lane Assist does not detect a vehicle in

the blind spot (see Lane Assist on page79).

• Midway through the lane change, AutoLane Change can detect the outside lanemarking of the target lane.

• Driving speed is at least 45 km/h.

As the lane change is in progress, OvertakeAcceleration is activated, allowing Model S toaccelerate closer to a vehicle in front (see Overtake Acceleration on page 67). Midwaythrough the lane change, Auto Lane Changemust be able to detect the target lane'soutside lane marking. If this lane marking cannot be detected, both Auto Lane Change andAutosteer will cancel.

Note: Auto Lane Change assists in moving thevehicle one lane at a time. Moving into an

Auto Lane Change


additional lane requires you to engage theturn signal a second time when the first lanechange is complete.

Warning: If Auto Lane Change cannotdetect the outside of the target lanemidway through the lane change, bothAuto Lane Change and Autosteer willcancel. The instrument panel displays amessage instructing you to take over thesteering wheel immediately.

When Auto Lane Change is active, it isimportant to monitor its performance bywatching the driving path in front of you andthe surrounding area. Stay prepared to takeover steering at any time. On the instrumentpanel, the lane you are crossing over displaysas a dashed blue line and once in your newlane, the lane markings display as solid bluelines.

In situations where Auto Lane Change isunable to operate at optimal performance, orcannot operate due to inadequate data, theinstrument panel displays a series of warnings.Therefore, when using Auto Lane Change,always pay attention to the instrument paneland be prepared to manually steer Model S.

Warning: When Auto Lane Change isactively assisting in steering Model S, thesteering wheel moves accordingly.Although you must have your hands onthe steering wheel, any significantrestriction of the steering wheel'smovement can cancel Auto Lane Change.

Canceling Auto Lane ChangeAuto Lane Change cancels when you manuallymove the steering wheel, press the brakepedal, or disengage the turn indicator beforeModel S crosses the markers on the existinglane.

To disable Auto Lane Change so it is no longeravailable, touch Controls > Settings > DriverAssistance > Auto Lane Change > Off.

LimitationsAuto Lane Change is particularly unlikely tooperate as intended in the following types ofsituations:

• Auto Lane Change is unable to accuratelydetermine lane markings. For example,lane markings are excessively worn, havebeen adjusted due to road construction,are changing quickly (lanes branching off,crossing over, or merging), objects orlandscape features are casting strongshadows on the lane markings, or the roadsurface contains pavement seams or otherhigh-contrast lines.

• A side collision warning is active (see LaneAssist on page 79) when you engage theturn signal.


fog, etc.) or weather conditions areinterfering with sensor operation.

• Bright light (oncoming headlights ordirect sunlight) is interfering with thecamera's view.

• A sensor or the camera is damaged orobstructed (such as by mud, fog, ice, orsnow).


• Model S is being driven very close to avehicle in front of it, which is blocking thecamera's view.

Warning: Many unforeseen circumstancescan impair the operation of Auto LaneChange. Always keep this in mind andremember that as a result, Auto LaneChange may not assist in steeringModel S appropriately. Always driveattentively and stay prepared toimmediately take action at any time.

Auto Lane Change


If Model S is equipped with Driver Assistancecomponents (see About Driver Assistance onpage 62), and you have purchased theoptional Autopilot Tech Package, Autoparkuses data from ultrasonic sensors and theGlobal Positioning System (GPS) to:

• Simplify parking on public roads bymaneuvering Model S into parallel andperpendicular parking spaces. See Parkingon Public Roads on page 75.

• Automatically park and retrieve Model Sfrom outside the vehicle on a privateresidential property. See Using Summonon page 77.

Warning: Summon is a BETA feature.Please use this feature with caution,staying prepared to take immediateaction at any time.

Warning: Autopark's performancedepends on the ability of the ultrasonicsensors to determine the vehicle'sproximity to curbs, objects, and othervehicles.

Parking on Public RoadsWhen driving, follow these steps to allowAutopark to maneuver Model S into a parkingspace:

1. When driving slowly on a public road,monitor the instrument panel todetermine when Autopark has detected apotential parking space. When Autoparkdetects a parking space, the instrumentpanel displays a parking icon. Autoparkdetects parallel parking locations whendriving below 24 km/h and perpendicularparking locations when driving below 16km/h.

Note: The parking icon appears only if thevehicle's position and/or thecircumstances of the surrounding area aresuch that Autopark can determine anappropriate driving path. If Autoparkcannot determine an appropriate path (forexample, when driving on a narrow streetwhere moving into the parking spacecauses the front of the vehicle to extendinto the adjacent lane), you can eitherreposition the vehicle, find a differentparking space, or park manually.

Note: If the Autopark icon does notappear at potential parking spaces whendriving at the indicated speed, it ispossible that Autopark is calibrating.Autopark requires a calibration processwhen Model S is new, or when tires arechanged (see Calibration on page 76).

2. Check to determine if the detectedparking space is appropriate and safe. Ifso, pull forward and stop approximately acar length ahead of the parking space (asyou normally would when parallel parkingor when backing into a perpendicularparking space).

3. Release the steering wheel, engage theReverse gear and touch Start Autopark onthe touchscreen.

4. When parking is complete, Autoparkdisplays the Complete message.

In situations where Autopark cannot operatedue to inadequate sensor data, the instrumentpanels displays an alert message indicatingthat you must manually park Model S.

Autopark


Note: If you press the brake when Autopark isactively parking Model S, the parking processpauses until you press the Resume button onthe touchscreen.

Note: Autopark detects potentialperpendicular parking spaces that are at least2.9 meters wide with a vehicle parked on eachside. Autopark detects parallel parking spacesthat are at least six meters, but less than 15meters long. Autopark does not operate onangled parking spaces.

Warning: Never depend on Autopark tofind a parking space that is legal, suitable,and safe. Autopark may not always detectobjects in the parking space. Alwaysperform visual checks to confirm that aparking space is appropriate and safe.

Warning: When Autopark is activelysteering Model S, the steering wheelmoves in accordance with Autopark'sadjustments. Do not interfere with themovement of the steering wheel. Doingso cancels Autopark.

Warning: During the parking sequence,continually check your surroundings. Beprepared to apply the brakes to avoidvehicles, pedestrians, or objects.

Warning: When Autopark is active,monitor the touchscreen and instrumentpanel to ensure that you are aware of theinstructions that Autopark is providing.

Calibration

During a parking sequence, Autopark mustmaneuver Model S with a great deal ofprecision. Therefore, before it can be used,Autopark must complete a calibration process.Calibration can take anywhere from 30minutes to several days, depending on drivingbehavior. When Autopark is calibrating, a notedisplays on the Driver Assistance settingsscreen indicating that calibration is inprogress. When calibration is complete, thisnote no longer displays and Autopark isavailable for use.

Note: Autopark repeats the calibration processwhenever tires are changed.

To Cancel Parking

Autopark cancels the parking sequence whenyou manually move the steering wheel, orwhen you change gears. Autopark alsocancels parking when:

• The parking sequence exceeds themaximum of seven moves.

• The driver's seat belt is unbuckled.• A door is opened.• You press the accelerator pedal.• You press the brake pedal twice in quick

succession.• An Automatic Emergency Braking event

occurs (see Collision Avoidance Assist onpage 81).

To Pause Parking

To pause Autopark, press the brake pedalonce. Model S stops and remains stopped untilyou press Resume on the touchscreen.

Limitations

Autopark is particularly unlikely to operate asintended in the these situations:

• The road is sloped. Autopark is designedto operate on flat roads only.

• Visibility is poor (due to heavy rain, snow,fog, etc.).

• The curb is constructed of material otherthan stone, or the curb cannot bedetected.

• One or more of the ultrasonic sensors isdamaged, dirty, or obstructed (such as bymud, ice, or snow).

• Weather conditions (heavy rain, snow, fog,or extremely hot or cold temperatures)are interfering with sensor operation.


Warning: Many unforeseen circumstancescan impair Autopark's ability to parkModel S. Keep this in mind and rememberthat as a result, Autopark may not steerModel S appropriately. Pay attentionwhen parking Model S and stay preparedto immediately take control.

Autopark


Using SummonNote: Summon is a BETA feature. Summon is designed and intended for use only on a privateresidential property where the surrounding area is familiar and predictable. When using Summon,you must continually monitor the vehicle. It is the driver's responsibility to use this feature safely,responsibly, and as intended.

With Summon, you can move Model S in and out of a parking space from outside the vehicle usingthe mobile app. Using data from the ultrasonic sensors, Summon maneuvers Model S forward orreverse into a parking space. When parking is complete Summon shifts Model S into Park. Parkingis complete when:

• Model S detects an obstacle in its driving path (within a chosen distance);• Summon has moved Model S the maximum distance of 12 meters;

OR• In the case of reversing, Summon has reached a maximum Summon Distance.

To use Summon:

• FIRST TIME ONLY: Enable Summon and customize how it works (see Customizing Summon onpage 77).

• Position Model S for parking (see Position the Vehicle for Parking on page 78).• Initiate the parking maneuver using the mobile app. Detailed instructions for each method are

provided below.

You can summon Model S back to its original position if you previously auto parked it and thevehicle has remained in the Park gear. Then, using the mobile app simply specify the oppositedirection. Summon moves the vehicle along the original path provided the environment has notchanged (i.e. no obstructions have been introduced). If obstacles are detected, Summon attemptsto avoid the obstacles while staying as close as possible to its original path.

To cancel Summon and stop Model S at any time during a parking maneuver, press any button onthe key, use the mobile app, press a door handle, or (if sitting in the vehicle) interact with thesteering wheel, brake pedal, accelerator pedal, or gear stalk.

Note: If you want Summon to move multiple times in the same direction, up to the maximum of 12meters, cancel Summon and then re-initiate the parking process, choosing the same direction.

Note: Summon can move Model S a short distance laterally to avoid an obstacle but in doing so,does not return the vehicle to its driving path (i.e. Summon does not attempt to move Model Saround an obstacle).

Warning: Model S cannot detect obstacles that are lower than the fascia, very narrow (i.e.bicycles), or hanging from a ceiling. In addition, many unforeseen circumstances can impairSummon's ability to move in or out of a parking space and as a result, Summon may notappropriately steer Model S. Therefore, you must continually monitor the vehicle's movementand surroundings and remain prepared to stop Model S at any time. To cancel Summon andstop Model S, press any button on the key, use the mobile app, press a door handle, or (ifsitting in the vehicle), interact with the steering wheel, brake pedal, accelerator pedal, or gearstalk.

Customizing Summon

Before operating Summon, use the touchscreen to enable it. Touch Controls > Settings > DriverAssistance > Summon > ON.

Then touch Customize to specify how Summon operates whenever it parks or retrieves yourvehicle:

• Bumper Clearance: Set the distance that you want Summon to stop from a detected object.For example, you may want Summon to stop within just a few inches of the garage wall. Thisdistance applies only to objects detected directly in front of (when moving forward) or behind(when reversing) Model S.

• Summon Distance: Specify the distance Model S travels when backing out of a parking space.

Autopark


• Side Clearance: Allow Model S to enter and exit very narrow parking spaces.

Warning: Parking in a narrow space limits the ability of the sensors to accurately detectthe location of obstacles, increasing the risk of damage to Model S and/or surroundingobjects.

Note: All settings associated with Summon are retained until you manually change them.

Position the Vehicle for Parking

Before operating Summon, align Model S laterally with the parking space so Model S can movestraight into the space in either Drive or Reverse. You must also position Model S within 12 metersof the parking space (the maximum distance that Summon can move Model S).

If applicable, open your garage door.

Note: Use Summon on flat driveways only where a raised concrete edge does not exceedapproximately 2.5 cm.

Operating Summon with the Mobile App

On the mobile app, start Summon and hold down the forward or reverse button to move Model Sinto the parking space.

Summon shifts Model S into Drive or Reverse (based on the direction you specified) and drivesinto the parking space.

Note: If you release the direction button on the mobile app, Summon stops moving Model S.

Note: Summon requires that Model S can detect a valid key nearby.

Stopping or Canceling Summon

You can stop Model S at any time while Summon is active by pressing any button on the key orusing the mobile app. Summon also cancels when:

• A door handle is pressed or a door is opened.• You interact with the steering wheel, brake pedal, accelerator pedal, or gear stalk.• Model S detects an obstacle and cannot move forward for more than two seconds.• Summon has moved Model S the maximum distance of approximately 12 meters.

Limitations

Summon is unlikely to operate as intended in the following types of situations:

• The road is sloped. Summon is designed to operate on flat roads only.• Summon has detected a raised concrete edge when moving forward into the parking location.

Summon does not drive forward over an edge that is higher than approximately 2.5 cm.• One or more of the ultrasonic sensors is damaged, dirty, or obstructed (such as by mud, ice,

or snow).• Weather conditions (heavy rain, snow, fog, or extremely hot or cold temperatures) are

interfering with sensor operation.• The sensors are affected by other electrical equipment or devices that generate ultrasonic

waves.

Warning: The list above does not represent an exhaustive list of situations that may interferewith proper operation of Autopark's Summon feature. It is the driver's responsibility to remainin control of Model S at all times. Pay close attention whenever Summon is actively movingModel S and stay prepared to take immediate action.

Autopark


If Model S is equipped with Driver Assistancecomponents (see About Driver Assistance onpage 62), the forward looking cameramonitors the markers on the lane you aredriving in, and the ultrasonic sensors monitorthe surrounding areas and the blind spot forthe presence of a vehicle or other objects.

When an object is detected in your blind spotor close to the side of Model S (such as avehicle, guard rail, etc.), colored lines radiatefrom the image of Model S on the instrumentpanel. The location of the lines correspond tothe location of the detected object. The colorof the lines (white, yellow, orange, or red)represents the object's proximity to Model S,with white being the farthest and red beingvery close and requiring your immediateattention. These colored lines only displaywhen driving between approximately 16 km/hand 140 km/h. When Autosteer is active, thesecolored lines also display at low speeds, evenwhen Model S is stopped (for example, at anintersection or in heavy traffic).

Lane Assist also warns you of undesired lanedepartures by vibrating the steering wheelslightly if a front wheel passes over a lanemarking and the associated turn signal is off.This warning is active only when driving overapproximately 70 km/h. To turn this warningon or off, touch Controls > Settings > DriverAssistance > Lane Departure Warning. Yourchosen setting is retained until you manuallychange it. It is also saved in your driver profile.

In addition to warnings described above, LaneAssist may provide steering interventions ifModel S drifts into (or close to) an adjacentlane in which an object, such as a vehicle, isdetected. In these situations, Model Sautomatically steers to a safer position in itsdriving lane. This steering is applied only whenModel S is traveling between 70 and 140 km/hon major roadways with clearly visible lanemarkings. When Lane Assist applies a steeringintervention, the instrument panel brieflydisplays a warning message.

Warning: Steering interventions areminimal and are not designed to moveModel S out of its driving lane. Do not relyon steering interventions to avoid sidecollisions.

Warning: Lane Assist features are forguidance purposes only and are notintended to replace your own direct visualchecks. Never depend on Lane Assist toinform you of unintentionally drivingoutside of the boundaries of the drivinglane or informing you that an object orvehicle is in your blind spot or close tothe side of your vehicle. Several externalfactors can reduce the performance ofLane Assist. It is the driver's responsibilityto stay alert, pay attention to the drivinglane and always be aware of other roadusers. Failure to do so can result inserious injury or death.

Warning: Lane Assist is designed todetect lane markings and may not detectthe edge of a road, especially if the roadhas no curb. It is the driver's responsibilityto drive attentively and stay within theboundaries of the driving lane.

Warning: Before changing lanes, alwaysvisually check the lane you are movinginto by using side mirrors and performingthe appropriate shoulder checks. Severalfactors can affect the performance of theLane Assist warnings, resulting in lack of,or false warnings (see “Limitations andInaccuracies” below).

Limitations and InaccuraciesLane Assist can not always clearly detect lanemarkings and you may experienceunnecessary or invalid warnings in thesesituations:

Lane Assist


• Visibility is poor and lane markings are notclearly visible (due to heavy rain, snow,fog, etc.). The exact detection zone of theultrasonic sensors vary depending onenvironmental conditions.


• A vehicle in front of Model S is blockingthe camera's view.


• Lane markings are excessively worn, havebeen adjusted due to road construction,or are changing quickly (for example,lanes branching off, crossing over, ormerging).

• The road is narrow or winding.• Objects or landscape features are casting

strong shadows on lane markers.

Lane Assist may not provide warnings, or mayapply inappropriate warnings, in thesesituations:




• An object that is mounted to Model S isinterfering with and/or obstructing asensor (such as a bike rack or a bumpersticker).

In addition, Lane Assist may not steer Model Saway from an adjacent vehicle, or may applyunnecessarily or inappropriate steering, if:

• You are driving Model S on sharp cornersor on a curve at a relatively high speed.


• You are drifting into another lane but anobject (such as a vehicle) is not present.

• A vehicle in another lane cuts in front ofyou or drifts into your driving lane.

• Model S is traveling less than 70 km/h orover 140 km/h.




• An object mounted to Model S (such as abike rack or a bumper sticker) isinterfering with or obstructing a sensor.

• Visibility is poor and lane markings are notclearly visible (due to heavy rain, snow,fog, etc.).

• Lane markings are excessively worn, havebeen adjusted due to road construction orare changing quickly (for example, lanesbranching off, crossing over, or merging).

Warning: The lists above do not representevery possible situation that may interferewith Lane Assist warnings. Lane Assistmay not operate as intended for manyother reasons. To avoid a collision, stayalert and always pay attention to theroadway when driving Model S so you cananticipate the need to take correctiveaction as early as possible.

Caution: If a fault occurs with the LaneAssist system, Model S displays an alert.Contact Tesla Service.

Lane Assist


If Model S is equipped with Driver Assistancecomponents (see About Driver Assistance onpage 62), the following collision avoidancefeatures are designed to increase the safety ofyou and your passengers:

• Forward Collision Warning provides visualand audible warnings in situations wherethere is a high risk of a frontal collision(see Forward Collision Warning on page81).

• Automatic Emergency Brakingautomatically applies braking to reducethe impact of a frontal collision (see Automatic Emergency Braking on page82).

Warning: Forward Collision Warning is forguidance purposes only and is not asubstitute for attentive driving and soundjudgment. Keep your eyes on the roadwhen driving and never depend onForward Collision Warning to warn you ofa potential collision. Several factors canreduce or impair performance, causingeither unnecessary, invalid, inaccurate, ormissed warnings. Depending on ForwardCollision Warning to warn you of apotential collision can result in seriousinjury or death.

Warning: Automatic Emergency Brakingis not designed to prevent a collision. Atbest, it can minimize the impact of afrontal collision by attempting to reduceyour driving speed. Depending onAutomatic Emergency Braking to avoid acollision can result in serious injury ordeath.

Forward Collision WarningThe forward looking camera and the radarsensor monitor the area in front of Model S forthe presence of an object such as a vehicle,bicycle or pedestrian. If a collision isconsidered likely unless you take immediatecorrective action, Forward Collision Warning isdesigned to sound a chime and highlight thevehicle in front of you in red on the instrumentpanel:

Warnings cancel automatically when the riskof a collision has been reduced (for example,you have decelerated or stopped Model S, or avehicle in front has moved out of your drivingpath).

If immediate action is not taken when Model Sissues a Forward Collision Warning, a collisionis considered imminent and AutomaticEmergency Braking (if enabled) automaticallyapplies the brakes (see Automatic EmergencyBraking on page 82).

By default, Forward Collision Warning isturned on. To turn it off or adjust its sensitivity,touch Controls > Settings > DriverAssistance > Forward Collision Warning.Instead of the default warning level ofMedium, you can turn the warning Off, or youcan choose to be warned Late or Early.

Note: Your chosen setting for ForwardCollision Warning is retained until youmanually change it. It is also saved in yourdriver profile.

Warning: The cameras and sensorsassociated with Forward CollisionWarning are designed to monitor anapproximate area of up to 160 meters inyour driving path. The area beingmonitored by Forward Collision Warningcan be adversely affected by road andweather conditions. Use appropriatecaution when driving.

Warning: Forward Collision Warning isdesigned only to provide visual andaudible alerts. It does not attempt toapply the brakes or decelerate Model S.When seeing and/or hearing a warning, itis the driver's responsibility to takecorrective action immediately.

Warning: Forward Collision Warning mayprovide a warning in situations where thelikelihood of collision may not exist. Stay

Collision Avoidance Assist


alert and always pay attention to the areain front of Model S so you can anticipatewhether any action is required.

Warning: Forward Collision Warning doesnot operate when Model S is traveling lessthan 7 km/h.

Warning: Forward Collision Warning doesnot provide a warning when the driver isalready applying the brake.

Automatic Emergency BrakingThe forward looking camera and the radarsensor are designed to determine the distancefrom any object (vehicle, motorcycle, bicycle,or pedestrian) traveling in front of Model S.When a frontal collision is consideredunavoidable, Automatic Emergency Braking isdesigned to apply the brakes to reduce theseverity of the impact, even if you are alreadyapplying the brakes.

When Automatic Emergency Braking appliesthe brakes, the instrument panel displays avisual warning and you'll hear a chime. Youmay also notice abrupt downward movementof the brake pedal. The brake lights turn on toalert other road users that you are slowingdown.

When Automatic Emergency Braking hasreduced the driving speed by 40 km/h, thebrakes are released. For example, if AutomaticEmergency Braking applies braking whendriving at 90 km/h, it releases the brakeswhen the speed has been reduced to 50 km/h.

Automatic Emergency Braking operates onlywhen driving between 8 km/h and 140 km/h.

Automatic Emergency Braking does not applythe brakes, or stops applying the brakes,when:

• You turn the steering wheel sharply.• You press the accelerator pedal.• A vehicle, motorcycle, bicycle, or

pedestrian, is no longer detected ahead.

Automatic Emergency Braking is alwaysenabled when you start Model S. To disable itfor your current drive, touch Controls >Settings > Driver Assistance > AutomaticEmergency Braking > Disable.

Warning: It is strongly recommended thatyou do not disable Automatic Emergency

Braking. If you disable it, Model S doesnot automatically apply the brakes insituations where a collision is consideredlikely.

Warning: Automatic Emergency Brakingis designed to reduce the severity of animpact. It is not designed to avoid acollision.

Warning: Several factors can affect theperformance of Automatic EmergencyBraking, causing either no braking orinappropriate or untimely braking. It is thedriver’s responsibility to drive safely andremain in control of the vehicle at alltimes. Never depend on AutomaticEmergency Braking to avoid or reducethe impact of a collision.

Warning: Automatic Emergency Brakingis designed to reduce the impact offrontal collisions only and does notfunction when Model S is in reverse.

Warning: Automatic Emergency Brakingis not a substitute for maintaining a safetraveling distance between you and thevehicle in front of you.

Warning: The brake pedal movesdownward abruptly during automaticbraking events. Always ensure that thebrake pedal can move freely. Do not placematerial on top of the Tesla-supplieddriver’s floor mat (including an additionalmat) and always ensure that the driver’sfloor mat is properly secured. Failure todo so can impede the ability of the brakepedal to move freely.

Note: For advance notice of an AutomaticEmergency Braking event, turn on ForwardCollision Warning (see Forward CollisionWarning on page 81). When turned on, youhear a chime and see a collision warning in thecenter of the instrument panel if a collision isconsidered likely. Then, if you do not takeimmediate corrective action, a collision isconsidered imminent and AutomaticEmergency Braking applies braking to reducedriving speed. If enabled, AutomaticEmergency Braking applies braking when acollision is considered inevitable, even ifForward Collision Warning is turned off.



Limitations and InaccuraciesCollision Avoidance features cannot alwaysdetect vehicles, bikes, or pedestrians, and youmay experience unnecessary, inaccurate,invalid, or missed warnings for many reasons,particularly if:


fog, etc.).• Bright light (oncoming headlights or

direct sunlight) is interfering with thecamera's view.

• The radar sensor is obstructed (dirty,covered, etc.).


Warning: The limitations described abovedo not represent an exhaustive list ofsituations that may interfere with properoperation of Collision Avoidance Assistfeatures. These features may fail toprovide their intended function for manyother reasons. It is the driver’sresponsibility to avoid collisions bystaying alert and paying attention to thearea beside Model S so you can anticipatethe need to take corrective action as earlyas possible.

Caution: If a fault occurs with a CollisionAvoidance Assist feature, Model Sdisplays an alert. Contact Tesla Service.



How Speed Assist WorksIf Model S is equipped with Autopilotcomponents (see About Driver Assistance onpage 62), the forward looking camera detectsspeed limit signs. The signs are then analyzedand compared against GPS data to determinethe speed limit at your current drivinglocation. For routes where no signs arepresent, speed limits are determined usingGPS data (if available). Instead of determiningthe speed limit based on signs and GPS data,you can also manually enter an arbitrary speedlimit.

When Speed Assist is turned on (describedbelow), the instrument panel displays a speedlimit sign. Warnings (described below) takeeffect when you exceed this limit.

In situations where Speed Assist is unable todetect a speed (for example, speed limit signsand GPS data are not available at the currentlocation), or if Speed Assist is uncertain thatan acquired speed limit is accurate (forexample, although a speed limit sign wasinitially detected, some time has passedbefore a subsequent sign has been detected),the instrument panel may not display a speedlimit sign and warnings do not take effect.

If you set the speed limit warning to Display(see Controlling Speed Assist on page 84),the speed limit sign on the instrumental panelincreases in size whenever you exceed thespeed limit.

If you set the speed limit warning to Chime(see Controlling Speed Assist on page 84)and exceed the speed limit, you also hear awarning chime.

Note: Speed limit warnings go away after 10seconds, or when Model S slows down belowthe specified limit.

Warning: Do not rely on Speed Assist todetermine the appropriate speed limit.Always drive at a safe speed based ontraffic and road conditions.

Controlling Speed AssistTo turn Speed Assist on or off, and controlhow it works, touch Controls > Settings >Driver Assistance > Speed Limit Warning, thenchoose one of these options:

• Off. Speed limit warnings do not displayon the instrument panel.

• Display. Speed limit signs display on theinstrument panel and when you exceedthe limit, the sign gets larger.

• Chime. In addition to the visual display,you'll hear a chime whenever you exceedthe speed limit.

You can also specify how the speed limit isdetermined:

• Relative. The speed limit is determinedautomatically based on detected trafficsigns and GPS data. If desired, you can seta speed limit offset (+ or -) if you want tobe alerted only when you exceed thespeed limit by a specified amount. Forexample, you would increase the offset to+10 km/h if you only want to be alertedwhen you exceed the speed limit by10 km/h.

• Absolute. Manually specify any speed limitbetween 30 and 240 km/h.

Note: GPS data is not always accurate. TheGPS can misjudge the road's location andprovide the speed limit for a directly adjacentroad that may have a different speed limit. Forexample, the GPS can assume Model S is on afreeway when it’s actually on a nearby surfacestreet, and vice versa.

Note: Your chosen setting is retained until youmanually change it. It is also saved in yourdriver profile.

Speed Assist


Limitations and InaccuraciesSpeed Assist may not be fully functional ormay provide inaccurate information in thesesituations:

• Visibility is poor and speed limit signs arenot clearly visible (due to heavy rain,snow, fog, etc.).


• Model S is being driven very close to avehicle in front of it which is blocking thecamera's view.


• Speed limit signs are concealed byobjects.

• The speed limits stored in the GPSdatabase are incorrect or outdated.

• Model S is being driven in an area whereGPS data is not available.

• Traffic signs do not conform to standardrecognizable formats.

• A road or a speed limit has recentlychanged.

Warning: The list above does notrepresent an exhaustive list of situationsthat may interfere with proper operationof Speed Assist. Speed Assist may fail toprovide warnings for many other reasons.

Speed Assist


The Big Picture

The main components of the touchscreen are shown here. To manually control the brightness andcontrast, touch Controls > Displays. When set to Auto, the touchscreen changes between the Day(light background) and Night (dark background) setting depending on ambient lightingconditions.

Note: The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending on vehicleoptions, software version and market region, your touchscreen may appear slightly different.

Touchscreen Overview



Using the Touchscreen 87

1. Status bar

The top line displays provides shortcuts to lock/unlock Model S, to access Driver Profiles,display vehicle information (the Tesla “T”), download software updates, display networkstrength and Bluetooth® status Wi-Fi settings, and to access the passenger airbag setting. If analert icon (exclamation mark) is displayed, touch it to see warning messages that are in effect.

Note: The airbag status symbol displays only when Model S is powered on.

Note: You can also display the time and outside temperature on the instrument panel bychoosing the Clock option using the left or right scroll wheel on the steering wheel (see Steering Wheel on page 34).

Note: Touch the lock icon to unlock/lock all doors. In situations where only the driver's door isunlocked (for example, Door Unlock Mode is set to Driver), the lock icon displays as unlockedand touching it locks all doors. For more information on Door Unlock Mode, see Doors onpage 4.

2. Apps

Touch an app to display it in the viewing area. Apps have default positions. Navigation andCamera open in the top viewing area, whereas all other apps open in the bottom viewing area.Instead of displaying the app in the default viewing area, you can specify where you want todisplay the app by touching and holding the app's icon and dragging it onto the preferredviewing area.

Media. See Media and Audio on page 103.

Maps and Navigation (if equipped). See Maps and Navigation on page 109.

Note: When displaying maps in the top (or entire) viewing area when adriving gear is engaged, the status and app bars at the top disappear after afew seconds to maximize the size of the map. Touch the map to redisplaythem.

Calendar. See Calendar on page 113.

Energy. See Getting Maximum Range on page 59.

Camera. Display the area behind Model S. This area also displaysautomatically whenever you shift into Reverse. See Rear View Camera onpage 61.

Phone. See Phone on page 107.



3. Main viewing area

The main viewing area changes depending on the app you have chosen. For some apps (suchas Nav), you can zoom in and out using standard touchscreen finger gestures.

4. Maximize/minimize app

Touch the small rectangle to expand the associated app to fill the entire main viewing area(some apps are not expandable). Touch again to display two apps in half-screen view.

5. Volume control

Touch the up and down arrows to increase or decrease the volume of the speakers. You canalso adjust the volume using the scroll wheel on the left side of the steering wheel.

6. Climate controls (see Climate Controls on page 97).7. Controls

Touch to access all Model S controls and settings (doors, locks, lights, etc).8. Reverse the position of the two currently displayed apps.

Warning: Paying attention to road and traffic conditions must always be the driver's highestpriority. To ensure the safety of vehicle occupants as well as other road users, using thetouchscreen should be done only when road and traffic conditions permit.



Controlling Features

Touch Controls on the bottom corner of the touchscreen to control and customize all mainfeatures of Model S.

Note: The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending on vehicleoptions, software version and market region, the options available on the Controls screen may bedifferent.

Controls


1. Close

Touch the circled X in the top left corner of a window to close it (or you can touch anywhereoutside the window).

2. Sunroof

If Model S is equipped with a sunroof, touch to adjust its position (see Sunroof on page 15).3. Suspension

If Model S is equipped with Smart Air Suspension, touch to manually raise or lower Model S, orto remove a previously saved auto-raising location (see Smart Air Suspension on page 101).Model S must be powered on and you must press the brake pedal before you can changesuspension settings. Smart Air Suspension causes Model S to self-level, even when poweredoff. Therefore, when towing or lifting, you must disable self-leveling (see Instructions forTransporters on page 161 and Jacking and Lifting on page 147).

4. Driving

• Steering mode

Adjust the amount of effort required to turn the steering wheel. Sport feels moreresponsive whereas Comfort feels easier to drive and park (see Steering Wheel on page34).

• Acceleration (Performance dual-motor vehicles only)

Choose an acceleration level. Sport is the standard level of acceleration and allows you tomaximize driving range. Choose Insane or Ludicrous (depending on the options availableon your vehicle) to increase peak torque by approximately 60 percent.

If you choose Insane or Ludicrous, additional power is available immediately. However, toachieve the absolute maximum power (designed for short term use), touch Max BatteryPower, which displays as blue text immediately below the acceleration setting. MaxBattery Power heats the Battery to its ideal operating temperature to ensure access to100% of available power. Heating the Battery can take over an hour, depending onenvironmental conditions and whether or not Model S is being driven. During this time, amessage displays providing you with an approximate wait time. When the additionalpower is available, the message indicates that Max Battery Power is READY! When usingMax Battery Power, Model S consumes more energy as it keeps the Battery within anoptimal temperature range. To cancel Max Battery Power at any time, change theacceleration level to Sport (or touch the button in the Max Battery Mode popup). Toprevent excess and potentially unnecessary energy consumption (for example, you leavethe vehicle and forget to cancel Max Battery Power), Max Battery Power cancelsautomatically in three hours, regardless of whether you are still driving or have left thevehicle.

Note: To support Max Battery Power, the charge level must be 20% or higher. You cannotinitiate Max Battery Power if the charge level is less than 20%. In addition, Max BatteryPower immediately cancels if at any time during its use, the charge level drops below20%.

Note: Max Battery Power strives to keep the pack within an optimal temperature range. Inaddition to heating the Battery, Max Battery Power also cools the battery when necessary(for example, during aggressive driving scenarios).

Note: Max Battery Power is designed to achieve maximum performance for short termacceleration and is not intended for daily driving. The tradeoff for the additional powerboost is extra energy consumption and earlier power fade on long aggressive drives. TheInsane or Ludicrous acceleration settings provide a significant increase in performanceeven without Max Battery Power. In fact, in normal driving situations, the additional powerthat can be achieved using Max Battery Power may not be noticeable.

Note: The Insane or Ludicrous acceleration setting is available only on newer Performancedual-motor vehicles, depending on date of manufacture and options chosen at time ofpurchase.

Controls


• Creep

When on, Model S slowly moves forward when in Drive and backward in Reverse whenyou release the brake (similar to a conventional vehicle with an automatic transmission).You can adjust this setting only when Model S is in Park.

• Traction Control

To allow the wheels to spin on a standard single motor Model S, you can turn off tractioncontrol. On a dual-motor Model S, you can enable Slip Start. If you turn off TractionControl (or enable Slip Start), a warning message displays on the instrument panel.Traction control turns off for the current drive only. On dual-motor vehicles, tractioncontrol is automatically turned on again when the speed exceeds 64 km/h. See TractionControl on page 53.

• Regenerative braking

When you release the accelerator when driving, regenerative braking slows Model S andfeeds any surplus energy back to the Battery. If set to Low, Model S does not slow downas quickly, but you may experience less range (see Regenerative Braking on page 52).

Note: Regardless of the setting, the energy gained by regenerative braking is reduced ifthe Battery is full, or if it is extremely cold or hot (the surplus energy is used to heat orcool the Battery).

• Range Mode

If on, Model S conserves energy by limiting the power of the climate control system. Cabinheating and cooling may be less effective, but seat heaters can be used to providewarmth in colder climates. When turned on in a dual-motor vehicle, torque distributionbetween the motors is optimized to maximize range.

5. Cold Weather

If Model S is equipped with the optional cold weather package, you can control all seatheaters as well as the heated wipers and steering wheel. Heaters that are turned on aredisplayed in red. To turn off all seat heaters, touch All Off. Note that you can also control thefront driver and passenger seats using the main climate control panel located on the bottomof the touchscreen (see Climate Controls on page 97).

6. Trips

View and reset the trip meters that summarize how far you have driven (see Trip Informationon page 58).

7. Displays

Manually control the brightness and the Day (light background) or Night (dark background)setting of the touchscreen and instrument panel. When set to Auto, the brightness changesautomatically between day and night brightness based on ambient lighting conditions. WhenAuto-adjust is checked, the displays are further adjusted based on both the surroundings andby learning your preferences (i.e. it remembers the type of manual adjustments you make).

To disable the touchscreen momentarily for cleaning purposes, touch Clean Mode.

You can also put Model S into an energy saving mode so it consumes less energy when not inuse (see Getting Maximum Range on page 59).

Note: The Displays settings can also be accessed from the Settings screen.8. E-Brake & Power Off

You can manually:

• Apply and release the parking brake (see Parking Brake on page 52).• Power off (see Powering Off on page 38).

9. Doors & Locks (see Doors on page 4)10. Lights (see Lights on page 45)

Warning: Do not read the touchscreen while driving. Doing so increases the likelihood of acollision. Everything you need to know when driving is displayed on the instrument panel.

Controls


Customizing Your Vehicle

Touch the Settings tab on the Controls window to adjust Model S to suit your preferences.

Note: The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending on vehicleoptions, software version, and market region, the options available on the Settings screen may bedifferent. For example, in many regions, the “Language & Units” tab is called “Units & Format.”

Settings


1. Adjust settings associated with installed apps (applications). Settings associated with appsthat are either unavailable on your Model S, or have no settings that you can adjust at thistime, are grayed out.

2. Manage driver profiles (see Driver Profiles on page 32).3. Units & Format

Adjust how Model S displays:

• Distance: Miles or km can be shown on the range display, speedometer, energy chart, tripmeters, Google map searches and navigation routes.

• Time Format: 12 or 24 hour.• Temperature: oC or oF.• Energy & Charging: Display remaining energy and charging units as either a percentage of

battery energy remaining, or as an estimate of the distance that you can drive. When youchoose Distance, you can display mileage based on either:

• Rated - based on ECE R101 testing.• Typical - based on US EPA testing.

Note: When anticipating when you need to charge, use range estimates as a generalguideline only.

4. Vehicle

Note: Depending on date of manufacture and options chosen at time of purchase, somevehicles are not equipped with all features listed below.

• Door Unlock Mode: Choose whether you want ALL doors, or just the DRIVER door, tounlock when you approach Model S carrying your key.

• Child-Protection Lock: If on, safety locks prevent the rear doors and the liftgate frombeing opened from inside Model S.

• Walk-away Door Lock: If on, doors automatically lock when you walk away from Model S,carrying the key with you (see Walk-away Locking on page 7).

• Auto-Present Handles: If on, door handles extend automatically whenever you approachModel S carrying a key, whether locked or unlocked (see Doors on page 4). Note that topreserve battery life, Model S is designed to temporarily disable the Auto-Present Handlesfeature when the key has been out of range for more than 48 hours, or if the key remainswithin range for five minutes after all doors have been closed.

• Unlock on Park: If on, doors automatically unlock when you engage the Park gear.• Headlights After Exit: If on, headlights stay on for two minutes after you exit, or until you

lock Model S (see Headlights After Exit on page 48).• Adaptive Headlights: If on, the Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS) automatically

adjusts the beam of the headlights to improve your driving view (see Adaptive FrontLighting System (AFS) on page 48).

• Mirror Auto-Tilt: If on, exterior mirrors tilt downward when reversing (see Mirrors on page37).

• Mirror Auto-Fold: If on, exterior mirrors fold when you lock Model S with the key or walk-away locking. They extend automatically when you return to Model S. You can also foldthe mirrors manually by touching the center mirror control button (see Mirrors on page37).

• Smart Preconditioning: If on, Model S predicts your driving schedule and automaticallyadjusts the temperature of the cabin based on your last set temperature and your drivingschedule, making Model S comfortable and ready to drive. It may take some time forModel S to learn your driving habits and if you do not have a regular driving schedule, itwill be unable to identify a pattern.

Note: To conserve energy in situations where Model S has a low charge level, smartpreconditioning may not occur.

Note: Smart Preconditioning is available only if you save your home and work locations(see Favorite, Home, and Work Destinations on page 111).

Settings


• Cabin Overheat Protection: If on, the air conditioning system can reduce cabintemperatures in extremely hot ambient conditions for a period of up to twelve hours afterexiting Model S (see Cabin Overheat Protection on page 100).

Warning: Never leave children or pets in the vehicle unattended. Due to automaticshut-off or extreme outside conditions, the inside of the vehicle can becomedangerously hot even with Cabin Overheat Protection enabled.

Note: Cabin Overheat Protection does not operate when the energy remaining in theBattery is 20% or less.

5. Safety & Security

Turn various safety and security features on and off:

• Passenger Front Airbag (see Disabling the Passenger Front Airbags on page 30).• Active safety devices Model S is equipped with, such as Park Assist Chimes (see Park

Assist on page 54).• Alarm, and security options Model S is equipped with (see Security Settings on page

115).• Remote access by Tesla’s mobile applications (see Mobile App on page 118).

6. Displays

Manually control the brightness and the Day (light background) or Night (dark background)setting of the touchscreen and instrument panel. When set to Auto, the brightness changesautomatically between day and night brightness based on ambient lighting conditions. WhenAuto-adjust is checked, the displays are further adjusted based on both the surroundings andby learning your preferences (i.e. it remembers the type of manual adjustments you make).

To disable the touchscreen momentarily for cleaning purposes, touch Clean Mode.

You can also put Model S into an energy saving mode so it consumes less energy when not inuse (see Getting Maximum Range on page 59).

Note: The Displays settings can also be accessed from the Controls screen.7. Driver Assistance

If Model S is equipped with Driver Assistance components, you can control the features thatprovide a safer and more convenient driving experience (see About Driver Assistance on page62).

8. Service & Reset

Turn various service-related features on and off:

• Service Mode: If on, moves wiper blades to the service position to make them easier toaccess when replacing them. Model S must be in Park (see Wipers and Washers on page50).

• Tire Pressure Monitor: Touch Reset Sensors to reset the TPMS sensors after replacing awheel (see Resetting the TPMS Sensors on page 133).

• Tow Mode: Activate Tow Mode to keep Model S in Neutral (see Keeping Your Vehicle inNeutral (Tow Mode) on page 39).

• Factory Reset: Touch Erase & Reset to erase all personal data (saved addresses, musicfavorites, etc.) and restore all customized settings to their factory defaults.

9. Manual

Display this owner's manual.

Warning: Do not read the touchscreen while driving. Doing so increases the likelihood of acollision.

Naming Your Vehicle

To further personalize your Model S, you can name it. The name you give your Model S will appearin the mobile app. To name your Model S, touch the Tesla “T” at the top center of the touchscreen,then touch Name Your Vehicle.

Settings


When you save, Name Your Vehicle is replaced by the name you provided. You can touch thename at any time to rename your Model S.

Erasing Personal DataYou can erase all personal data (saved addresses, music favorites, imported contacts, etc.) andrestore all customized settings to their factory defaults. This is useful when transferring ownershipof Model S. Touch Controls > Settings > Service & Reset > Factory Reset > Erase & Reset. Beforeerasing, Model S verifies your credentials by prompting you to enter the user name and passwordassociated with your MY TESLA account.

Settings


Overview of Climate Controls

The climate controls are always available at the bottom of the touchscreen. By default, climatecontrol is set to Auto, which maintains optimum comfort in all but the most severe weatherconditions. When you adjust the temperature, the system automatically adjusts the heating, airconditioning, air distribution, air circulation, and fan speed to maintain your selected temperature.To override these settings, touch Auto (see Customizing Climate Control on page 98).

The fan, heating, and air conditioning systems are powered by the Battery. Therefore, prolongeduse decreases driving range.

Note: The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending on vehicleoptions, software version, market region, and settings, the information displayed may be slightlydifferent.

1. The front seats are equipped with heating pads that operate at three levels from 3 (highest) to1 (lowest).

When operating, the indicator turns red and displays the setting number.

Note: If Model S is equipped with the optional cold weather package, you can also controlseat heaters in the rear seats, heated wipers, and heated steering wheel by touchingControls > Cold Weather (see Controls on page 90). When equipped with the optionalexecutive rear seats, you can control the seat and the backrest separately in each second rowpassenger seat.

2. Touch the up or down arrow to set the cabin temperature. To apply a temperature setting toboth the driver and passenger side at the same time, touch SYNC TEMP on the temperaturepopup that appears when you touch an arrow.

3. Automatic/Manual climate control (see Customizing Climate Control on page 98).4. The windshield defroster distributes air flow to the windshield. Touch once to turn on, touch a

second time to operate the heating and fan at their maximum level, and touch a third time toturn off and restore the air distribution, heating, and fan to their previous settings.

5. Turn climate control system on/off.6. The rear window defroster warms up the rear window for 15 minutes, then automatically shuts

off. Exterior side mirrors are also heated.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture and options selected at time of purchase, somevehicles are not equipped with a heaters in the exterior side mirrors.

Warning: To avoid burns resulting from prolonged use, individuals who have peripheralneuropathy, or whose capacity to feel pain is limited because of diabetes, age, neurologicalinjury, or some other condition, should exercise caution when using the climate controlsystem and seat heaters.

Climate Controls


Customizing Climate Control

The climate control system is designed to automatically provide optimum comfort in mostsituations. All you need to do is set the desired temperature, and the air conditioning, airrecirculation, air distribution, and fan speed automatically maintain your selected temperature.

To override the automatic setting, touch AUTO to customize individual settings. Then touch thesetting you want to change. When you change a setting, the AUTO icon turns from blue to grayand RESET AUTO displays instead. Touch RESET AUTO to change all settings on the panel back totheir defaults. Or, you can touch AUTO associated with any individual setting to change it back toits default.

1. Touch RESET AUTO to change all settings back to their default values.2. Touch A/C ON or A/C OFF to turn the air conditioning on and off, respectively. Turning it off

reduces cooling, but saves energy.

Because Model S runs much quieter than a gasoline-powered vehicle, you may notice thesound of the compressor as it is operating. To minimize noise, reduce the fan speed.

Climate Controls


3. Choose how air is drawn into Model S:

Outside air is drawn into Model S (see Ventilation on page 100).Although less efficient than recirculating the air in very hot or low climateconditions, this setting draws more air into the rear seating areas, and isrecommended when occupants are seated in the Tesla built-in rear facingchild seats.

Air inside Model S is recirculated. This prevents outside air (traffic fumes)from entering, but reduces dehumidifying performance. Recirculating theair is the most efficient way to cool the front cabin area. To prevent thewindshield from fogging in some conditions, briefly change the settingevery hour to draw in outside air.

If your Model S is equipped with the HEPA (High Efficiency ParticulateAir) filter, you can ensure the best possible quality of air inside the cabin.When selected, outside air is drawn in and filtered through the medical-grade HEPA filter in addition to the secondary filtration systems. TheHEPA filter is extremely effective at removing particles, includingpollution, allergens, bacteria, pollen, mold spores, and viruses. Both theHEPA filter and the secondary filtration system also contain activatedcarbon to remove a broad spectrum of odors and gases. When youengage the HEPA option, the fan operates at the highest speed. Inaddition, the positive pressure inside the cabin minimizes the amount ofoutside air that can leak into the vehicle.

Note: Some gases, such as carbon monoxide, are not effectively removedby activated carbon.

4. Choose where air flows into the cabin. You can choose more than one location:

Foot-level vents

Face-level vents

Windshield vents

Note: When air is directed to the foot-level vents, approximately one third of the air continuesto flow to the windshield vents to assist in defogging. However, when air is directed to theface-level vents, no air flows to the windshield because the air flowing through the face-levelvents may be adequate to assist in defogging the windshield.

5. Touch the arrows to set the speed of the fan.

Note: Adjusting the fan speed may change the selected setting for how air is drawn intoModel S in order to increase or reduce airflow.

Climate Controls


VentilationOutside air is drawn into Model S through thegrill in front of the windshield. Keep the grillclear of obstructions such as leaves and snow.

To direct the flow of air inside Model S, movethe interior vents up, down, or from side toside.

Note: You can direct the outer face level ventstoward the side windows to help defrost ordefog them.

Cabin Air Filter

Model S has an air filter that prevents pollen,industrial fallout, road dust and other particlesfrom entering through the vents. Teslareplaces the air filter at the regularlyscheduled maintenance intervals of every12 months, or every 20,000 km.

Cabin Overheat ProtectionThe climate control system can reduce cabintemperatures in extremely hot ambientconditions for a period of up to twelve hoursafter you exit Model S. When enabled, airconditioning turns on when cabintemperatures exceed 40° C. To disable thisfeature, touch Controls > Settings > Vehicle >Cabin Overheat Protection > OFF.

Warning: Never leave children or pets inthe vehicle unattended. Due to automaticshut-off or extreme outside conditions,the inside of the vehicle can becomedangerously hot even with CabinOverheat Protection enabled.

Note: Cabin Overheat Protection does notoperate, or stops operating, when the energyremaining in the Battery is 20% or less.

Climate Control Operating Tips• When you use the mobile app to turn on

the climate control system, itautomatically turns off after 30 minutes.To cool or heat the cabin for a longerperiod, you must turn it on again.

• To conserve energy, you can limit thepower of the climate control system byturning on Range Mode. Cabin heatingand cooling may be less effective, but seatheaters can be used to provide warmth incolder climates. Touch Controls >Driving > Range Mode.

• If the climate control system operatesmore loudly than you prefer, reduce thefan speed or adjust the air flow to draw inoutside air (instead of recirculating).

• In addition to cooling the interior, the airconditioning system also cools theBattery. Therefore, in hot weather, the airconditioning system can turn on even ifyou turned it off. This is normal becausethe system’s priority is to cool the Batteryto ensure it stays within an optimumtemperature range to support long lifeand optimum performance.

• To ensure the climate control systemoperates efficiently, close all windows andensure that the exterior grill in front of thewindshield is free of ice, snow, leaves, andother debris.

• In very humid conditions, it is normal forthe windshield to fog slightly when youfirst turn on the air conditioning.

• It is normal for a small pool of water toform under Model S when parked. Extrawater produced by the dehumidifyingprocess is drained underneath.

• To reduce the temperature in the cabin inhot weather conditions, the fan may turnon to vent the cabin when the vehicle isparked. (This occurs only if the battery'scharge level is above 20%.)

Climate Controls


Note: If Model S is equipped with Smart AirSuspension, you may hear the sound of thecompressor when Model S starts, as thesystem’s reservoir fills with air.

Smart Air Suspension has both manual andautomatic modes of operation.

Manual Height AdjustmentsCaution: Before adjusting the suspensionheight, ensure Model S is clear of allobstacles, above and below.

Manually raising the height of Model S is usefulwhen you need extra ground clearance, suchas steep driveways or ramps, deep snow,speed bumps, etc.

With Model S powered on, or the brake pedalpressed, use the touchscreen to manuallychange the ride height. Touch Controls >Suspension, then choose from:

• Very High. When set to Very High, thesuspension automatically lowers to Highwhen driving speed reaches 35 km/h.

• High. When set to High, the suspensionautomatically lowers to Standard whendriving speed reaches 55 km/h.

• Standard. The Standard setting ensuresoptimum comfort and handling under allloading conditions.

• Low. Lowering the height can make iteasier to load or unload cargo andpassengers.

Note: Available settings depend on yourdriving speed and other conditions. Forexample, the suspension does not lower if adoor is open.

Location-Based SuspensionLocation-Based suspension saves you frommanually having to raise the suspension everytime you arrive at a frequently-used locationwhere a higher suspension is needed (steepdriveways or ramps, deep snow, speed bumps,etc.).

Whenever you raise the suspension to High orVery High, Model S saves the location.

When you return to the saved location,Model S raises the suspension and theinstrument panel displays this message:

Note:

• To raise the suspension to High, you mustbe driving slower than 55 km/h. To raise itto Very High, you must be driving slowerthan 35 km/h. If you are driving fasterthan these speeds when returning to asaved location, the suspension does notraise until Model S slows down.

• After leaving a saved location, thesuspension may not lower based on anautomatic lowering speed that you haveset (Controls > Suspension > AutomaticLowering) until you are driving faster thanthe auto-raising speed thresholdsdescribed above.

• If Model S reaches a saved location andthe existing suspension setting is higherthan the level that has been saved for thatlocation, the suspension is not adjusted.

To remove an auto-raising location

If you do not want the suspension to auto-raise at a saved location, touch the X in theauto-raising location status message thatdisplays at a saved location. Doing so removesthe auto-raise location and the suspension nolonger raises automatically when you arrive atthe location.

Smart Air Suspension


Note: Manually lowering the suspension toStandard or Low while at a saved location alsoremoves the auto-raising location.

Automatic LoweringWhen Model S is moving above typicaldriveway or parking lot speeds, Smart AirSuspension automatically lowers ride height toimprove aerodynamics and handling. For mostaverage speed driving, the suspension isautomatically set to Standard. As describedabove, when you make manual heightadjustments, the suspension automaticallylowers at increased driving speeds.

When carrying loads, Smart Air Suspensionalso maintains a level height between the frontand rear.

You can adjust the speed at which the AirSuspension automatically transitions to theLOW ride height by touching Controls >Suspension > Automatic Lowering on thetouchscreen. This setting is saved to yourDriver Profile.

Note: You can temporarily override the rideheight by pressing the brake pedal, touchingan air suspension control in Controls >Suspension, and then manually choosing aride height. Your suspension's automaticlowering setting is restored the next time youdrive.

If a fault is detected with the airsuspension system, a yellowindicator lights up on the instrumentpanel. If the problem persists,contact Tesla.

Jack ModeBefore jacking or lifting, set the suspension toJack mode to prevent the self-leveling thatoccurs even when Model S is powered off.

Press the brake pedal, then touch Controls >Suspension > Jack.

When Model S is in Jack mode, a redair suspension indicator lights up onthe instrument panel.

To deactivate, touch Jack again.

Note: Jack mode automatically cancels whenyou drive over 7 km/h.

Smart Air Suspension


OverviewTouch the Media Player application to listen tothe radio, stream music or podcasts, or playaudio files from your phone or an attachedUSB device. You can also play Internet radio(such as TuneIn), Spotify, and audio files froma Bluetooth-connected device or a USB-connected flash drive.

Available source content displays across thetop of Media Player: Radio, Spotify, TuneIn,and Phone. An additional source, USB,displays when you insert a flash drive into aUSB connection (see USB Connections onpage 106). You can browse the contentavailable on Media Player by touching asource, or you can use Search to find specificcontent (see Searching within Media Player onpage 103).

The Now Playing view, which displays at thebottom of Media Player, enables you to controlwhat's currently playing (for example,pausing/playing, skipping to the next track/station, etc.). You can also use the NowPlaying view to mark what's playing as afavorite (see Favorites and Recent on page105), and access recently played and favoritestations, music, and podcasts.

The Now Playing view displays regardless ofthe source (Radio, Spotify, TuneIn, Phone, andUSB) you select in Media Player. You canmaximize and minimize the Now Playing viewsimply by touching it.

Volume ControlTo adjust Media Player's volume, roll the scrollwheel on the left side of the steering wheel upor down. To mute the volume, tap the scrollwheel.

The scroll wheel adjusts the volume for media,navigation instructions, or phone calls, basedon what is currently being heard through thespeakers. If you're listening to a song, audiofile, or podcast, and you receive a phone callor Model S relays a step in Trip Planner's turn-by-turn directions through the speakers, thesong, audio file, or podcast is mutedtemporarily.

Note: Muting the volume during a phone callalso mutes the microphone.

Sound SettingsAchieve the sound you want with controls foradjusting fade, balance, and tone all in oneview. Press the audio settings icon on the topright corner of Media Player. Adjust the bass,mid-range, and treble settings by dragging theexisting setting up or down along the settingbars. Adjust the balance by positioning thecenter circle of the cross bars to the locationin the vehicle where you want to focus thesound.

If you purchased the Ultra High Fidelity SoundAudio Package, touch the Dolby check box toenable Dolby Surround for an enhancedlistening experience.

Searching within Media PlayerSearch is available throughout Media Player.You can search across all content categories,or you can limit your search to a particularcategory. Search results include the followingcontent:

• TuneIn• Spotify• USB content

To search, touch anywhere in Media Player'ssearch bar and enter the name of the song,album, artist, podcast, playlist, or station youwant to search for. Select a filter to narrow thescope of your search, or leave it at its defaultsetting to include top results from allcategories.

Note: You can also search hands-free usingvoice commands (see Using Voice Commandson page 35).

If you are using TuneIn, you can browsecontent by category from the Browse area ofthe TuneIn source. You can browse content bylocation (Africa, Asia, North America, and soon), by local radio, by talk radio, by favorites,and other categories. To return from browsingor to select another category to browse,simply touch TuneIn at the top of MediaPlayer.

Media and Audio


AM and FM RadioMedia Player provides both AM and FM radioservice that you can select from the Radiosource. To tune the radio to a specificfrequency, choose a frequency and then touchthe next or previous arrows to move from onefrequency to the next (or previous). You canalso tap or drag your finger on the tuner tothe desired frequency. The three bars on theleft side of the frequency number indicate thestrength of the signal for the chosenfrequency. Touch HD to play high definitionversions of available frequencies.

Mark a radio station as a favorite to display iton the Radio source for easy access (see Favorites and Recent on page 105).

Internet RadioInternet radio services are accessed over adata connection. To use Internet radio, touchMedia Player's Spotify or TuneIn source,browse through the available categoriesand/or stations, and then touch what youwant to play. When browsing through a largecategory such as genres, a second browsepage displays. Use the left arrow button onthe left side of Media Player to return to theprior page, or tap on the source again toreturn to the main browse page.

To play the next (and in some cases previous)available station, episode, or track beingprovided by the Internet radio service, touchthe next (or previous) arrows on the NowPlaying view, or use the buttons on the leftside of the steering wheel (see Using LeftSteering Wheel Buttons on page 34). Thefunction of these controls vary depending onthe Internet service you are listening to.

You can also use voice commands (Englishlanguage only) to play a specific song, artist,or album from an Internet radio service (see Using Voice Commands on page 35).

When you are listening to internet radio, youcan do the following in the Now Playing view:

• Touch the Favorites icon to save the radiostation or podcast as a favorite. (See Favorites and Recent on page 105.)

• Touch any number to access digital radiostations (if available). Digital radio stationsprovide higher quality sound and (in somecases) different programming than theiranalog equivalents.

• Touch the right arrow to view a list oftracks for a podcast or playlist.

By default, TuneIn uses a Tesla account thathas been set up for you. To sign in to yourpersonal TuneIn account, scroll to the bottomof the TuneIn source, touch Sign In, and enterthe login information for your account.

Note: When playing a TuneIn podcast, you canrewind or fast forward to any location in thepodcast. On the Now Playing view, drag thearrow below the slider bar to the desiredlocation.

Note: Model S does not support free Spotifytrial accounts.

Media and Audio


Favorites and RecentTo ensure you always have easy access to yourfavorite stations and audio files, and to yourrecently played selections, they display at thetop of Media Player and on the Now Playingview. Regardless of which source you are on(Radio, TuneIn, Phone, or USB), you seefavorites and recently played selections fromall sources. You can maximize or minimizesource content simply by swiping.

Your USB favorites are available from the NowPlaying view in a Favorites folder. (You mayneed to scroll to see the folder.) Your first USBfavorite plays when you touch the Favoritesfolder in the Now Playing view. Use the next orprevious arrows to scroll through your USBfavorites.

Note: In Spotify, you can save a playlist, butyou cannot select favorites.

To add a currently playing radiostation, podcast, or audio file to yourFavorites list, touch the Favoritesicon on the Now Playing view. (Youmay need to touch the Now Playingview to maximize it before you cantouch the Favorites icon.)

To delete a favorite, touch thehighlighted Favorites icon next tothe station name. You can alsodelete one or more favorites on thebottom of the Now Playing view bypressing and holding a favorite. An Xappears on all favorites. Touch the Xagain to delete the selectedfavorites.

To see selections that you played recently,touch Recent on the Now Playing view. Yourrecently played selections are updatedcontinuously so you don't need to deletethem.

Playing Media from DevicesYou can play audio files from a USB-connected flash drive or from a Bluetooth-connected device (like a phone). When youconnect a USB flash drive, Media Playerdisplays the USB source content. When youconnect a Bluetooth-capable device, the nameof the device displays on the Phone source.After connecting a USB flash drive orBluetooth device, touch the song, album, orplaylist you want to play.

To play the next song in a selected playlist oralbum, touch the previous or next arrows onthe Now Playing view, or use the buttons onthe left side of the steering wheel (see UsingLeft Steering Wheel Buttons on page 34). Youcan also shuffle tracks in a playlist or repeat aplaylist or track using the shuffle/repeat iconsdisplayed below the album cover art.

USB Connected Flash Drives

Connect a flash drive to one of the USBconnections (see USB Connections on page106). Touch Media Player > USB, and thentouch the name of the folder that contains thesong you want to play. After you display thecontents of any folder on the USB connectedflash drive, you can touch the right arrow inthe Now Playing view to display your songs ina list. Touch any song in the list to play it. Oruse the previous and next arrows in the NowPlaying view to scroll through your songs.

Note: To play media from a USB connection,Model S recognizes flash drives only. You canplay media from other types of devices (suchas an iPod) by connecting to the device usingBluetooth (described below).

Note: Media Player supports USB flash driveswith NTFS or FAT32 formatting. (exFAT is notcurrently supported.)

Bluetooth® Connected Devices

If you have a Bluetooth-capable device suchas a phone that is paired and connected toModel S (see Pairing a Bluetooth Phone onpage 107), you can play audio files stored onit. You can also stream a music service from it(for example, Pandora or Spotify). ChooseMedia Player's Phone source, touch ConnectPhone, touch the name of your Bluetooth-connected device, and then touch CONNECT.

Your Bluetooth device begins playing theaudio file that is currently active on yourdevice, and Media Player displays the NowPlaying view. If no audio file is playing on yourdevice, select the audio file you want to listento from your device. After an audio file beginsto play in Media Player, you can then useMedia Player's controls to play other tracks.

Note: To play media from a Bluetooth-connected device, ensure that access to thedevice’s media is turned on (see Phone onpage 107).

Media and Audio


USB ConnectionsYour Model S has two USB connectionslocated on the front of the center console thatyou can use to connect USB devices. To playaudio files stored on a USB drive connected tothese ports, see Playing Media from Deviceson page 105. You can also use theseconnections to charge USB devices.

Note: Do not connect multiple devices using aUSB hub. This can prevent connected devicesfrom charging or from being recognized bythe Media Player.

12V Power SocketYour Model S has a power socket located onthe front of the center console. Power isavailable whenever the instrument panel andtouchscreen are on.

The 12V power socket is suitable foraccessories requiring up to 11A continuousdraw (15A peak) or a maximum of 150continuous watts (180 watts peak).

Note: In situations where Model S is unable todetect the key (low battery, interference, etc.),place it immediately below the 12V powersocket where Model S can best detect it.

Warning: The power socket and anaccessory’s connector can become hot.

Media and Audio


Bluetooth® CompatibilityYou can use your Bluetooth-capable phonehands-free in Model S provided your phone iswithin operating range. Although Bluetoothtypically supports wireless communicationover distances of up to approximately9 metres, performance can vary based on thephone you are using.

Before using your phone with Model S, youmust pair it. Pairing sets up Model S to workwith your Bluetooth-capable phone (see Pairing a Bluetooth Phone on page 107).

You can pair up to ten Bluetooth phones.Model S always automatically connects to thelast phone that was used (provided it is withinrange). If you want to connect to a differentphone, see Connecting to a Paired Phone onpage 108.

Note: On many phones, Bluetooth turns off ifthe phone’s battery is low.

Note: In addition to phones, you can also pairBluetooth-enabled devices with Model S. Forexample, you can pair an iPod Touch or aniPad or Android tablet to stream music.

Pairing a Bluetooth PhonePairing sets up Model S to work with yourBluetooth-capable phone. Once a phone ispaired, Model S can connect to it wheneverthe phone is within range.

To pair a phone, follow these steps whilesitting inside Model S:

1. Ensure both the touchscreen and thephone are powered on.

2. On the touchscreen’s status bar, touch theBluetooth icon.

3. On your phone, enable Bluetooth and setit to discoverable.

4. On the Model S touchscreen, touch StartSearch. The touchscreen searches thendisplays the list of all available Bluetoothdevices within operating distance.

5. On the Model S touchscreen, touch thephone with which you want to pair. Withina few seconds, the touchscreen displays arandomly generated number, and yourphone should display the same number.

6. Check that the number displayed on yourphone matches the number displayed onthe touchscreen. Then, on your phone,confirm that you want to pair.

When paired, Model S automatically connectsto the phone, and the touchscreen displaysthe Bluetooth symbol next to the phone’sname to show that the connection is active.

Importing Contacts and RecentCallsOnce paired, you can use the Bluetoothsettings screen (touch the Bluetooth icon onthe touchscreen's status bar) to specifywhether you want to allow access to yourphone’s contacts and recent calls.

If access is turned on, you can see your list ofcontacts and recent calls on the Model Stouchscreen. Touch Phone > Contacts. You canthen touch a contact to dial its phone numberor navigate to its address.

Note: Before contacts can be imported, youmay need to either set your phone to allowsyncing, or respond to a popup on your phoneto confirm that it is OK to sync contacts. Thisvaries depending on the type of phone youare using. For details, refer to the ownerdocumentation provided with your phone.

If access is turned on, imported information isdisplayed when you touch the contacts tab onthe Phone app.

Note: For security reasons, erase yourcontacts if you sell Model S (see ErasingPersonal Data on page 96).

Unpairing a Bluetooth PhoneIf you want to disconnect your phone and useit again later, simply touch Disconnect on theBluetooth settings screen. If you do not wantto use your phone with Model S again, touchForget This Device. Once you forget a device,you need to pair it again if you want to use itwith Model S (see Pairing a Bluetooth Phoneon page 107).

Note: Your phone automatically disconnectswhenever you leave Model S.

Phone


Connecting to a Paired PhoneModel S automatically connects with the lastphone to which it was connected, provided itis within operating range and has Bluetoothturned on. If the last phone is not within range,it attempts to connect with the next phonethat it has been paired with.

To connect to a different phone, touch theBluetooth icon on the touchscreen's statusbar. The Bluetooth window displays a list ofpaired phones. Choose the phone you want toconnect to, then touch Connect. If the phoneyou want to connect to is not listed, follow theinstructions on Pairing a Bluetooth Phone onpage 107.

When connected, the Model S touchscreendisplays the Bluetooth symbol next to thephone name to show that the connection isactive.

Making a Phone CallYou can make a phone call by:

• Speaking a voice command (English) (see Using Voice Commands on page 35).

• Choosing a contact from your contact list.• Using the Model S on-screen dialer.

To make a phone call using the on-screendialer:

1. Touch the Phone app on the touchscreen,then touch Dialer.

2. Enter the phone number on the dialer.3. Touch Call. The touchscreen displays the

call screen and the number you arecalling.

To make a phone call by choosing a contact:

1. Touch the Phone app on the touchscreen,then touch Contacts.

Note: Ensure that access to the phone’scontacts is turned on (see ImportingContacts and Recent Calls on page 107).

2. Touch the name of the contact you wantto call to display details about the contact.

3. Touch the number you want to dial (theremay be more than one). The touchscreendisplays the call screen and the name ofthe contact you are calling.

Note: If it is safe and legal to do so, you canalso initiate a call by dialing the number orselecting the contact directly from yourphone.

Receiving a Phone CallWhen your phone receives an incoming call,both the instrument panel and thetouchscreen display the caller’s number orname (if the caller is in your phone’s contactlist and Model S has access to your contacts).

Touch one of the options on the touchscreen,or use the scroll wheel on the right side of thesteering wheel to Answer or Ignore the call(see Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons onpage 35).

In Call OptionsWhen a call is in progress, you can display thecall menu on the instrument panel by pressingthe top button on the right side of thesteering wheel. Then use the right scroll wheelto scroll through and choose an option (see Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons on page35). To adjust the call volume, roll the steeringwheel's left scroll wheel during a call.

Phone


OverviewTouch the Maps (or Nav) icon to view andsearch for a location on Google MapsTM. IfModel S is equipped with the Navigationoption, the application is labeled Nav, andonboard maps are available. Onboard mapsallow you to navigate to any location, even if adata connection is not available, but you mustenter the location's exact and completeaddress. If Model S is not equipped with theNavigation option, onboard maps are notavailable, but if you have a data connection,you can find and display any location.

When you specify a location, the touchscreendisplays the route and provides turn-by-turndirections. Each turn is preceded by thedistance to the maneuver. If you won't haveenough energy, and there is no Superchargeron the route, an alert at the top of the turn-by-turn directions tells you that charging isrequired to reach your destination.

If the energy remaining after a round-trip isless than ten percent, or if a round trip willconsume a significant amount of batteryenergy, a round trip estimate of the energyyou will use displays at the bottom of theturn-by-turn directions. You can display around trip energy estimate for all trips,regardless of battery energy used, byselecting Always Show Estimated Round TripEnergy in the settings for Maps andNavigation. When enabled, the round tripenergy estimate will always display at thebottom of the turn-by-turn directions. Youmay need to scroll to the bottom of the turn-by-turn directions to see the round trip energyestimate.)

Using MapsTouch Navigate, or speak a voice command(see Using Voice Commands on page 35), tospecify a location. You can enter or speak anaddress, landmark, business, etc. You can alsotouch Navigate and choose from Home andWork locations, a list of favorite destinations(see Favorite, Home, and Work Destinationson page 111), recent locations and searches(the most recently used locations display atthe top), and charging stations you havevisited.

When you touch the pin associated with alocation in the Recent or Favorites list, themap centers the chosen location on the map,and displays a popup that provides moreinformation about the location (such asaddress, and if available, phone number).From this popup window, you can also savethe location as a favorite, if equipped with theNavigation option, initiate navigation to thedestination by touching Navigate, and callsomeone at this location by touching Call. Ifequipped with the Navigation option, whenyou touch the name of a location in theRecent or Favorites list (versus touching itspin), you can initiate navigation immediately.Model S calculates the route to it and displaysturn-by-turn directions.

By default the map displays Superchargerlocations (see Charging Locations on page110). If Model S is equipped with theNavigation option, you can drop a pinanywhere on the map by pressing and holdinga location on the map.

Use the icons in the lower right corner tocustomize what the map displays:

Satellite Imagery - touch to turnsatellite imagery on and off.

Charging locations (see ChargingLocations on page 110).

Touch the zoom icons in the top right area tozoom the map in and out on your current orchosen location. Touch the North/Heading Upicon to center the map on your currentlocation and change the orientation of themap:

North Up - North is always at thetop of the screen.

Heading Up - The direction you areheading is always at the top of thescreen. The map rotates when youchange direction. This icon has anintegrated compass that indicatesthe direction you are driving.

Maps and Navigation


You can rotate the map in any direction usingyour fingers. When you rotate the map, theNorth/Heading Up icon turns gray to indicatethe map is no longer tracking your position.Touch the icon again to adjust the orientationand track your position.

To maximize the size of the map, thetouchscreen's status bar and app area, as wellas the icons on the map, disappear after a fewseconds. Simply touch the map to redisplaythem.

Charging LocationsSuperchargers are displayed on the map bydefault, represented by red pins that you canuse to display more information about theSupercharger, navigate to it, or mark it as afavorite. In addition to Superchargers you candisplay all types of charging stations bytouching the charging icon in the lower rightcorner of the map.

Charging locations are represented on themap as follows:

The Supercharger location isoperational.

The Supercharger location may beout of operation or is operating ata reduced capacity (touch the pinto display details).

The location is equipped with acharging station (High Power WallConnector). Touch to display moreinformation, such as the chargingstation's capacity and usagerestrictions.

The location is equipped with morethan one charging station. Thenumber on the icon indicates howmany charging stations are locatedat the destination. Zoom in todisplay the pin for each chargingstation (described above).

You can also display charging locations in apopup list that includes city and proximity,along with corresponding pins on the map. Todo so, touch Navigate, then type FindChargers.

Starting Navigation1. Touch the Nav app to display the map.

2. Touch Navigate and enter a destination.You can also use voice commands (see Steering Wheel on page 34), touch alocation in the Recent or Favorites list, ortouch a pin on the map, and then touchNavigate from the popup.

Note: If you have a data connection, youcan start entering the destination, thenchoose one of the auto-complete entriesthat appear. For example, you can enterjust the street, business name, or category(such as hotels, coffee, etc.). If you don’thave a data connection, touch Navigate,touch the Search field, and then touchOffline Address Entry to use the onboardmaps. Enter the complete address, andthen touch Find.

Note: If a connected phone's calendar is setup to work with Model S, and a calendar eventincludes a specific location, you can initiatenavigation from the calendar (see Calendar onpage 113).

During NavigationDuring navigation, the touchscreen displays aturn-by-turn direction list that includesestimated mileage, driving time, arrival time,and an estimate of how much energy isremaining when you reach the destination.

Note: If Model S requires charging to reach thedestination and Trip Planner is turned on (see Trip Planner on page 111), the navigationroute includes Supercharger stops.

The touchscreen also displays your location onthe map. Depending on the map’s zoom level,you might not be able to see the entire route.Whenever a navigation route is active, you candisplay the full route on the map by touchingthe route overview icon:

The route overview icon is availablein the top right corner of the mapwhenever a navigation route isactive. You can touch this icon todisplay the current leg of your tripor to change the orientation of themap to North Up or Heading Up(see Using Maps on page 109).

Maps and Navigation


During navigation, the instrument paneldisplays the turn-by-turn directions, and youwill also hear spoken directions. To change thevolume of the spoken directions, use the scrollwheel on the left side of the steering wheelwhile navigation directions are being spoken.You can also change or mute the volume bytouching the volume icon located in the topright corner of the turn-by-turn direction list.

As you approach an upcoming turn on yournavigation route, a vertical progression bardisplays on the right side of the touchscreen'sturn-by-turn direction list. This vertical baralso displays on the right side of thenavigation instructions on the instrumentpanel. As you progress toward the locationwhere you will need to make a turn, the barfills, from bottom to top. When you arrive atthe location of the turn, the bar is completelyfilled.

Trip Planner

Trip Planner helps you take longer road tripswith confidence. If reaching your destinationrequires charging, Trip Planner routes youthrough the appropriate Superchargerlocations. Trip Planner selects a route thatminimizes the time you spend driving andcharging. To use Trip Planner, touch Controls >Settings > Apps > Maps and Navigation > TripPlanner > On.

After you select a destination, Trip Plannerzooms out to give you an overview of yourtrip. As you begin your trip, Trip Plannerzooms in to start navigation. The turn-by-turndirections include:

• The list of Supercharger stops. (TripPlanner does not use regular chargers.)

• The charging time required at eachSupercharger stop.

• The estimated amount of energy availablewhen you arrive at the first Superchargerlocation.

Note: You can scroll down the list (or zoomout on the map) to see the next Superchargerlocation on your trip. Trip Planner estimateshow much time you will need to charge ateach location.

While charging at a Supercharger stop, thecharging screen displays the remaining chargetime needed for your trip. If you charge for ashorter or longer length of time, the chargetime for subsequent stops are readjusted.

Note: If a Supercharger located on yourexisting route experiences an outage, Trip

Planner displays a notification and reroutesyou to a different Supercharger location.

If Trip Planner estimates that you won't haveenough energy for your round trip, and thereis no Supercharger stop on your route, TripPlanner displays an alert at the top of theturn-by-turn directions and an empty batteryicon with the amount of additional energyneeded for your trip at the bottom of the turn-by-turn directions.

Favorite, Home, and WorkDestinations

Add any destination to yourFavorites list by either touching itspin while navigating to it, or bydisplaying it on the map and thentouching its pin. In the popup dialogthat appears, touch the Favoritesicon, and then touch Add toFavorites. To remove a favoritedestination, select it on the map,touch the Favorites icon in thepopup that displays, and confirmdeletion of the favorite by touchingDelete.

If you frequently navigate to a destination, youmay want to add it as a Favorite to avoidhaving to enter the location's name or addresseach time. When you add a destination as aFavorite, you can easily navigate to it bytouching Navigate > Favorites and thenselecting it from the list.

The Navigate option also has placeholders foryour Home and Work locations. In fact, basedon your usage patterns, Model S may promptyou to save a current location as Home orWork. After you save a Home and a Worklocation, Model S may prompt you to navigateto your Work location in the mornings and toyour Home location in the evenings and tellyou how long it will take to navigate in currenttraffic conditions. To navigate to your Work orHome location, simply press NAV TO WORKor NAV TO HOME when prompted. You canalso press Settings and specify an amount oftime to be saved (in five minute increments,up to 30 minutes) before Model S reroutesyour drive to your Home or Work location.

Maps and Navigation


To edit Home and Work locations (or anylocation), touch Navigate, press and hold yourHome or Work location, and enter a newaddress in the pop-up. You can also delete anylocation in the Recent or Favorites list bypressing and holding the location, and thentouching its associated X.

Note: For security reasons, if you sell Model S,erase your Home and Work locations, andyour favorite destinations (see ErasingPersonal Data on page 96).

Updated MapsTo receive updated maps, periodically connectModel S to a Wi-Fi network (see Connectingto Wi-Fi on page 116). As updated mapsbecome available, they are sent to Model Sover Wi-Fi only. The touchscreen displays amessage informing you when new maps havebeen installed.

Maps and Navigation


OverviewThe Calendar app allows you to view your phone’s (iPhone® or Android™) calendar for the currentand next day. The Calendar app requires that:

• The Tesla Model S mobile app is running and you are logged in. When prompted on yourphone, you must grant calendar access to the mobile app. The mobile app can thenperiodically (and automatically) send calendar data from your phone to Model S. Also,whenever you display the mobile app on your phone, updated calendar data is sent toModel S. To ensure you have access to all features of the Calendar app, you will need the latestversion of the mobile app.

• Your phone is connected to Model S via Bluetooth (for privacy reasons, calendar data displaysonly from a phone that is connected via Bluetooth).

• Remote access to Model S is turned on (touch Controls > Settings > Safety & Security >Remote Access > On).

• Both your phone and Model S have good connectivity.

When you enter Model S, the touchscreen can display a reminder of the day's events. You cancustomize if and when your calendar events are displayed by touching Controls > Settings >Apps > Calendar > Show Calendar Upon Entry.

To view scheduled events for the next 48 hours, choose the Calendar app from the maintouchscreen window. The Calendar app displays events in chronological order.

1. If the calendar event includes an address, a navigation arrow displays to indicate that you cantouch the address to navigate to the event's location (if your Model S is equipped withNavigation).

2. If a phone number is associated with a calendar event, you can touch the number to initiate aphone call.

3. In situations where events are displayed from multiple calendars, you can filter to show onlyevents from one or more specific calendars.

4. If the calendar event has notes associated with it, touch the information icon to display thenotes in a pop up window.

5. If an event's notes include one or more phone numbers, a phone symbol displays with theinformation icon and the first phone number found in the notes displays on the event list andyou can use this number to initiate a phone call (as described in item 2 above). But you canalso initiate a call from within the notes pop up window by referencing other numbers that areincluded in the notes (this is particularly useful for conference calls).

Calendar


Calendar and NavigationIf Model S is equipped with navigation, and a calendar event has a location specified, you will begiven the option to navigate to that location.

Calendar


About the Security SystemIf Model S does not detect a key nearby and alocked door or trunk is opened, an alarmsounds and headlights and turn signals flash.To deactivate the alarm, press any button onthe key.

To manually enable or disable the alarmsystem, touch Controls > Settings > Safety &Security > Alarm. When set to on, Model Sactivates its alarm one minute after the doorslock and a recognized key is no longerdetected nearby.

Security Settings


Wi-Fi is available as a data connection methodand is often faster than cellular data networks.Connecting to Wi-Fi is especially useful inareas with limited or no cellular connectivity.To ensure fast, reliable delivery of Model Supdates (see Software Updates on page 117),Tesla recommends leaving Wi-Fi turned onand connected to a Wi-Fi network. To connectto a Wi-Fi network:

1. Touch the 3G (or LTE) icon in thetouchscreen status bar. Model S will startscanning and display the Wi-Fi networksthat are within range.

2. Select the Wi-Fi network you want to use,enter the password (if necessary), thentouch Connect.

You can also connect to a hidden network thatisn't shown on the list of scanned networks.Just touch Wi-Fi Settings and enter the nameof the network in the resulting dialog box.

Once you have connected to a network,Model S auto-connects whenever the networkis within range. If more than one previouslyconnected network is within range, Model Sconnects to the one most recently used.

Note: You can also use a mobile hotspot oryour phone's Internet connection via Wi-Fitethering.

Note: At Tesla service centers, Model Sautomatically connects to a Tesla Service Wi-Fi access point.

Connecting to Wi-Fi


Loading New SoftwareModel S updates its software wirelessly,providing new features throughout your termof ownership. Tesla recommends that youinstall software update as soon as they areavailable. The first time you enter Model Safter an update is made available, a schedulingwindow displays on the touchscreen. Thescheduling window displays again at the endof your first driving session.

Note: Some software updates can take fromtwo to three hours to complete. Model S mustbe in P (Park) when the new software is beinginstalled. To ensure the fastest and mostreliable delivery of software updates, leave theWi-Fi turned on and connected wheneverpossible (see Connecting to Wi-Fi on page116).

When a software update is available, a yellowclock icon appears on the touchscreen’s statusbar. Touch this clock icon to display theupdate window. You can then either:

• Schedule the update by setting the timeyou want the update to begin. Then touchSet For This Time. Once scheduled, theyellow clock icon on the touchscreen’sstatus bar becomes white. You canreschedule the update any time before itbegins.

OR• Touch Install Now to immediately start the

update process.

If Model S is charging when the softwareupdate begins, charging stops. Chargingresumes automatically when the update iscomplete. If you are driving Model S at thescheduled update time, the update is canceledand you need to reschedule.

Note: In certain situations (for example, Teslahas determined that a software update is veryimportant and you have not installed it withina specific time frame), the touchscreendisplays a much larger software updatewindow asking you to INSTALL NOW (nolonger giving you an opportunity to set anupdate for a specific time). Although you cancontinue to drive Model S and all controls areavailable, this large software update window isintrusive because it persists until you installthe update. Damages or failures caused by notkeeping your vehicle's software up-to-datemay not be covered by the warranty.

If the touchscreen displays a messageindicating that a software update was notsuccessfully completed, contact Tesla.

Viewing Release NotesWhen a software update is complete, learnabout the new features by displaying therelease notes. To display release notes at anytime touch the Tesla “T” at the top center ofthe touchscreen, then touch Release Notes.

Software Updates


Model S Mobile AppThe Tesla Model S mobile app allows you tocommunicate with Model S remotely usingyour iPhone® or Android™ phone. With thisapp, you can:

• Check charging progress and receivenotifications when charging has started,has been interrupted, or is complete.

• Heat or cool Model S before driving (evenif it's in a garage).

• Locate Model S with directions, or track itsmovement across a map.

• Flash lights or honk the horn to findModel S when parked.

• Vent or close the sunroof.• Lock or unlock Model S from afar.• Start Model S.• Park or unpark Model S using Summon

(see Using Summon on page 77).• Support the Model S Calendar app by

allowing the mobile app to send yourphone's calendar data to Model S.

• Receive notifications when the car alarmhas been triggered, or a new Model Ssoftware update is available.

• Receive notifications of scheduledsoftware updates.

Simply download the Tesla Model S mobileapp to your phone and enter your MY TESLAlogin credentials. You must also ensure thatModel S is ready to communicate with themobile app by turning on its remote accesssetting. Touch Controls > Settings > Safety &Security > Remote Access > On (see Settingson page 93).

Note: Tesla does not support the use of thirdparty applications to contact Model S.

Note: To ensure access to new and improvedfeatures, download updated versions of themobile app as they become available.

Mobile App


High Voltage Components

1. Front Motor (dual-motor vehicles only)2. AC Compressor3. Battery Coolant Heater4. Forward Junction Box5. High Voltage Cabling6. On-board Charger7. DC-DC Converter8. Cabin Heater9. Battery10. Charge Port11. Rear Motor

Warning: The high voltage system has no user serviceable parts. Do not disassemble, removeor replace high voltage components, cables or connectors. High voltage cables are coloredorange for easy identification.

Warning: Read and follow all instructions provided on the labels that are attached to Model S.These labels are there for your safety.

Warning: In the unlikely event that a fire occurs, immediately contact your local fireemergency responders.

Electric Vehicle Components

Charging 119

Charging EquipmentCharging equipment designed specifically tocharge your Model S is available from Tesla. ATesla Wall Connector, which installs in yourgarage, is the fastest way to charge Model S athome.

In several market regions, Model S is equippedwith a Mobile Connector and the adapter(s)you need to plug into commonly used poweroutlets. When using the Mobile Connector,first plug the Mobile Connector into the poweroutlet, then plug in Model S. For moreinformation about your Mobile Connector, seethe Mobile Connector Owner’s Manual(available on the touchscreen). Additionaladapters can be purchased from Tesla.

Tesla also provides various types of adapters(including J1772, Mennekes Type 2, andCHAdeMO) that allow you to plug Model Sinto the most commonly used public chargingstations in your region. Connect the adapter tothe charging station’s charge cable, open thecharge port door using the touchscreen (see Charging Instructions on page 122), thenplug in Model S.

For more information on the chargingequipment available for your region, go to www.teslamotors.com/en_AU, then view theavailable charging options.

Electric Vehicle Components


http://www.teslamotors.com/en_AU/

About the BatteryModel S has one of the most sophisticatedbattery systems in the world. The mostimportant way to preserve the Battery is toLEAVE YOUR Model S PLUGGED IN when youare not using it. This is particularly important ifyou are not planning to drive Model S forseveral weeks. When plugged in, Model Swakes up when needed to automaticallymaintain a charge level that maximizes thelifetime of the Battery.

There is no advantage to waiting until theBattery’s level is low before charging. In fact,the Battery performs best when chargedregularly.

Note: If the Model S Battery becomescompletely discharged in a situation in whichtowing is required, the owner is responsiblefor towing expenses. Discharge-related towingexpenses are not covered under the RoadsideAssistance policy.

Battery CareNever allow the Battery to fully discharge.Even when Model S is not being driven, itsBattery discharges very slowly to power theonboard electronics. On average, the Batterydischarges at a rate of 1% per day. Situationscan arise in which you must leave Model Sunplugged for an extended period of time (forexample, at an airport when traveling). Inthese situations, keep the 1% in mind to ensurethat you leave the Battery with a sufficientcharge level. For example, over a two weekperiod (14 days), the Battery discharges byapproximately 14%.

Discharging the Battery to 0% maypermanently damage the Battery. To protectagainst a complete discharge, Model S entersa low-power consumption mode when thecharge level drops to 5%. In this mode, theBattery stops supporting the onboardelectronics to slow the discharge rate toapproximately 4% per month. Once this low-power consumption mode is active, it isimportant to plug in Model S within twomonths to avoid Battery damage.

Note: When the low-power consumptionmode is active, the auxiliary 12V battery is nolonger being charged and can completelydischarge within 12 hours. In the unlikely eventthat this occurs, you may need to jump startor replace the 12V battery before you cancharge. In this situation, contact Tesla.

Temperature Limits

For better long-term performance, avoidexposing Model S to ambient temperaturesabove 60° C or below -30° C for more than 24hours at a time.

Energy Saving Feature

Model S has an energy-saving feature thatreduces the amount of energy beingconsumed when Model S is not in use. TouchControls > Displays > Energy Saving. For moreinformation on maximizing range and savingenergy, see Getting Maximum Range on page59.

Battery Warnings and Cautions

Warning: The Battery has no parts that anowner or a non-Tesla authorized servicetechnician can service. Under nocircumstances should you open or tamperwith the Battery. Always contact Tesla toarrange for Battery servicing.

Caution: If the Battery’s charge level fallsto 0%, you must plug it in. If you leave itunplugged for an extended period, it maynot be possible to charge Model S or usethe vehicle without jump starting orreplacing the 12V battery. LeavingModel S unplugged for an extendedperiod can also result in permanentBattery damage. If you are unable tocharge Model S, contact Teslaimmediately.

Caution: The Battery requires no ownermaintenance. Do not remove the filler capand do not add fluid. If the instrumentpanel warns you that the fluid level is low,contact Tesla immediately.

Caution: Do not use the Battery as astationary power source. Doing so voidsthe warranty.

Battery Information

Charging 121

Opening the Charge PortThe charge port is located on the passenger side of Model S, behind a door that is part of the reartail light assembly.

Park Model S so that the charge cable easily reaches the charge port.

With Model S unlocked, or a recognized key nearby, press and release the button on a Teslacharge cable to open the charge port door.

If the cable you are using does not have this button, you can also open the charge port door usingany of these methods:

• Touch Controls > Charge Port on the touchscreen.• Hold down the rear trunk button on the key for 1-2 seconds.

To charge at a public charging station, attach an adapter to the station’s charging connector. Themost commonly used adapter(s) for each market region are supplied with Model S. Depending onthe charging equipment you are using, you may need to start and stop charging using a control onthe charging equipment.

Note: The charge port lights up white when you open the charge port door. If you do not connecta charge cable, the light eventually turns off.

Note: If you do not insert the charge cable into the charge port within a few minutes after openingthe charge port door, the latch closes. If this happens, use the touchscreen to open the chargeport door.

Caution: The connector end of the charge cable can damage the paint if dropped ontoModel S.

Caution: Do not attempt to force the charge port door open. Doing so can damage the latch.A damaged latch cannot hold the door closed.

Plugging InIf desired, use the touchscreen to change the charge limit and the charging current.

If you are using the Mobile Connector, plug it into the power outlet before plugging it intoModel S.

Align the connector to the charge port and insert fully. When the connector is properly inserted,charging begins automatically after Model S:

• Engages a latch that holds the connector in place.• Shifts into Park (if it was in any other gear).• Heats or cools the Battery, if needed. If the Battery requires heating or cooling, you may

notice a delay before charging begins.

Note: Whenever Model S is plugged in but not actively charging, it draws energy from the wallinstead of using energy stored in the Battery. For example, if you are sitting in Model S and using

Charging Instructions


the touchscreen while parked and plugged in, Model S draws energy from the wall outlet insteadof the Battery.


Charging 123

During ChargingDuring charging, the charge port pulses green and charging status displays on the instrumentpanel. The frequency at which the charge port’s light pulses slows down as the charge levelapproaches full. When charging is complete, the light stops pulsing and is solid green.

Note: If Model S is locked, the light around the charge port does not light up.

If the light around the charge port lights up red while charging, a fault is detected. Check theinstrument panel or touchscreen for a message describing the fault. A fault can occur due tosomething as common as a power outage. If a power outage occurs, charging resumesautomatically when power is restored.

Note: When charging, particularly at high currents, the refrigerant compressor and the fan operateas needed to keep the Battery cool. Therefore, it is normal to hear sounds during charging.

Stopping ChargingYou can stop charging at any time by disconnecting the charge cable or touching Stop Chargingon the touchscreen.

Note: To prevent unauthorized unplugging of the charge cable, Model S must be unlocked or ableto recognize a key before you can disconnect the charge cable.

To disconnect the charge cable:

1. Press and hold the button on a Tesla connector to release the latch. You can also touch StopCharging on the charging screen (see Changing Charge Settings on page 126).

2. Pull the connector from the charge port.3. Push the charge port door closed.

Note: If Model S is equipped with a motorized charge port door, it automatically closes when youremove the charge cable.

Caution: Tesla strongly recommends leaving Model S plugged in when not in use. Thismaintains the Battery at the optimum level of charge.



Charge Port Light• WHITE: The charge port door is open and Model S is ready to charge. The connector either

hasn't been inserted yet, or the latch is released and the connector is ready to be removed.• SOLID GREEN: Charging is complete.• BLINKING GREEN: Charging is in progress. As Model S approaches a full charge, the

frequency of the blinking is slower.• BLUE: Model S detects that a connector has been plugged in, but charging has not started.

Either Model S is preparing to charge, or a charging session is scheduled to begin at aspecified future time.

• SOLID AMBER: The connector is not fully plugged in. Realign the connector to the chargeport and insert fully.

• BLINKING AMBER: Model S is charging at a reduced current (AC charging only).• RED: A fault is detected and charging has stopped. Check the instrument panel or

touchscreen for a message describing the fault.


Charging 125

Changing Charge SettingsThe charge settings screen displays on the touchscreen whenever the charge port door is open.

To display charge settings at any time, touch the Battery icon on the top of the touchscreen, ortouch Controls > Charging (located in the upper right portion of the Controls screen).

Note: The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only and may vary slightlydepending on the software version and market region of your Model S.

1. Charge status messages (such as Charging Scheduled, Charging In Progress) display here.2. To adjust the charge limit, touch Set Charge Limit, then touch the arrows to move the charge

limit setting in 10% increments for daily driving, and 2% increments for trips. The setting youchoose applies to both immediate and scheduled charging sessions.

3. Location-specific schedule. With Model S in Park, set a specific time when you want Model Sto begin charging at the current location. If, at the scheduled time, Model S is not plugged inat the location, it will start charging as soon as you plug it in as long as you are plugging it inwithin six hours of the scheduled time. If you plug in after six hours, Model S does not startcharging until the scheduled time on the next day. To override this setting, touch StartCharging or Stop Charging (see item 4). When you set a scheduled charging time, Model Sdisplays the set time on the instrument panel and the touchscreen.

4. Touch to open the charge port door or to start (or stop) charging.5. The current automatically sets to the maximum current available from the attached charge

cable, unless it was previously reduced to a lower level.

If needed, touch the up/down arrows to change the current (for example, you may want toreduce the current if you are concerned about overloading a domestic wiring circuit shared byother equipment). It is not possible to set the charging current to a level that exceeds themaximum available from the attached charge cable.

When you change the current, Model S remembers the location. So if you subsequentlycharge at the same location, you do not need to change it again.

Note: If Model S automatically reduced a charging location's current because of fluctuations ininput power (see the note in Charging Status on page 127), Tesla recommends charging atthe lower current until the underlying problem is resolved and the charging location canprovide consistent power.



Charging StatusThe following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only and may vary slightlydepending on the software version and market region of your Model S.

1. Charging status information. For example, if Model S is charging, it displays the timeremaining until fully charged at the currently selected charge level. When a charging sessionhas been scheduled, it displays when charging starts.

2. Total estimated driving distance (or energy) available. Instead of driving distance as shownhere, you can display the percentage of battery energy remaining by touching Controls >Settings > Units & Format > Energy & Charging.

Note: A portion of the battery image may appear blue. This indicates that a small portion ofthe energy stored in the battery is not available because the battery is cold. This is normal andno reason for concern. When the battery warms up, the blue portion no longer displays.

3. Charging rate per hour.4. Estimated increase in driving distance (or energy) achieved so far in this charging session.

Instead of driving distance as illustrated above, you can display the amount of energy gainedby touching Controls > Settings > Units & Format > Energy & Charging.

5. Current being supplied/current available from the connected power supply (see ChangingCharge Settings on page 126).

6. Voltage being supplied by the charge cable.

Note: If Model S is charging and detects unexpected fluctuations in input power, the chargingcurrent is automatically reduced by 25%. For example, a 40 amp current is reduced to 30 amps.This automatic current reduction increases robustness and safety in situations when a problemexists outside of Model S and its charging electronics. For example, a home wiring system,receptacle, adapter or cord is unable to meet its rated current capacity. As a precaution, whenModel S automatically reduces a location's current, it saves the reduced current at the charginglocation. Although you can manually increase it, Tesla recommends charging at the lower currentuntil the underlying problem is resolved and the charging location can provide consistent power.


Charging 127

Service IntervalsRegular maintenance is the key to ensuringthe continued reliability and efficiency of yourModel S.

Rotate the tires every 10000 km, maintain thecorrect tire pressures, and take Model S toTesla at the regularly scheduled maintenanceintervals of every 12 months, or every20,000 km, whichever comes first. It is alsoimportant to perform the daily and monthlychecks described below.

Model S must be serviced by Tesla-certifiedtechnicians. Damages or failures caused bymaintenance or repairs performed by non-Tesla certified technicians are not covered bythe warranty.

Daily Checks• Check the Battery’s charge level,

displayed on the instrument panel.• Check that all exterior lights, horn, turn

signals, and wipers and washers areworking.

• Check the operation of the brakes,including the parking brake.

• Check the operation of the seat belts(see Seat Belts on page 19).

• Look for fluid deposits underneathModel S that might indicate a leak. It isnormal for a small pool of water to form(caused by the air conditioning system’sdehumidifying process).

Monthly Checks• Check the mileage to determine if the

tires need to be rotated (every10000 km), and check the condition andpressure of each tire (see Tire Care andMaintenance on page 129).

• Check washer fluid level and top up ifnecessary (see Topping Up Washer Fluidon page 146).

• Check that the air conditioning system isoperating (see Climate Controls on page97).

Warning: Contact Tesla immediately if younotice any significant or sudden drop influid levels or uneven tire wear.

Fluid Replacement IntervalsDo not change or top up Battery coolant andbrake fluid yourself. Tesla service techniciansreplace fluids at the regularly scheduledservice intervals:

• Brake fluid. Every 2 years or 40,000 km,whichever comes first.

• Battery coolant. Every 4 years or80,000 km, whichever comes first.

Note: Any damage from opening the Batterycoolant reservoir is excluded from thewarranty.

High Voltage SafetyYour Model S has been designed and builtwith safety as a priority. However, be aware ofthese precautions to protect yourself from therisk of injury inherent in all high-voltagesystems:

• Read and follow all instructions providedon the labels that are attached to Model S.These labels are there for your safety.

• The high voltage system has no user-serviceable parts. Do not disassemble,remove or replace high voltagecomponents, cables or connectors. Highvoltage cables are colored orange for easyidentification.

• If an accident occurs, do not touch anyhigh voltage wiring, connectors, orcomponents connected to the wiring.

• In the unlikely event that a fire occurs,immediately contact your local fireemergency responders.

Warning: Always disconnect the chargecable before working underneathModel S, even if charging is not inprogress.

Warning: Keep your hands and clothingaway from cooling fans. Some fansoperate even when Model S is poweredoff.

Caution: Some fluids (battery acid,Battery coolant, brake fluid, windshieldwasher additives, etc.) used in motorvehicles are poisonous and should not beinhaled, swallowed, or brought intocontact with open wounds. For yoursafety, always read and follow instructionsprinted on fluid containers.

Maintenance Schedule


Maintaining Tire PressuresKeep tires inflated to the pressures shown onthe Tire and Loading Information label, even ifit differs from the pressure printed on the tireitself. The Tire and Loading Information label islocated on the center door pillar and is visiblewhen the driver’s door is open.

The Tire Pressure indicator light onthe instrument panel alerts you ifone or more tires is under- or over-inflated.

The Tire Pressure indicator light does notimmediately turn off when you adjust tirepressure. After inflating the tire to therecommended pressure, you must drive over40 km/h for more than 10 minutes to activatethe Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS),which turns off the Tire Pressure indicatorlight.

If the indicator light flashes for one minutewhenever you power on Model S, a fault withthe Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) isdetected (see TPMS Malfunction on page133).

Checking and Adjusting Tire Pressures

Follow these steps when tires are cold andModel S has been stationary for over threehours:

1. Remove the valve cap.2. Firmly press an accurate tire pressure

gauge onto the valve to measure pressure.3. If required, add air to reach the

recommended pressure.4. Re-check pressure by removing and re-

attaching the tire gauge.5. If you added too much air, release air by

pressing the metal stem in the center ofthe valve.

6. Recheck the pressure with the tire gaugeand adjust if necessary.

7. Replace the valve cap to prevent dirt fromentering. Periodically check the valve fordamage and leaks.

Warning: Under-inflation is the mostcommon cause of tire failures and cancause a tire to overheat, resulting insevere tire cracking, tread separation, orblowout, which causes unexpected loss ofvehicle control and increased risk ofinjury. Under-inflation also reducesBattery range and tire tread life.

Warning: Check tire pressures using anaccurate pressure gauge when tires arecold. It takes only about 1.6 kms of drivingto warm up the tires sufficiently to affecttire pressures. Parking the vehicle indirect sunlight or in hot weather can alsoaffect tire pressures. If you must checkwarm tires, expect increased pressures.Do not let air out of warm tires in anattempt to match recommended cold tirepressures. A hot tire at or below therecommended cold tire inflation pressureis dangerously under-inflated.

Warning: Do not use any tire sealantother than the type provided in a Teslatire repair kit. Other types can cause tirepressure sensors to malfunction. If yourModel S did not include a tire repair kit,you can purchase one from Tesla.

Tire Care and Maintenance

Maintenance 129

Inspecting and Maintaining TiresRegularly inspect the tread and side walls forany sign of distortion (bulges), cuts or wear.

Warning: Do not drive Model S if a tire isdamaged, excessively worn, or inflated toan incorrect pressure. Check tiresregularly for wear, and ensure there areno cuts, bulges or exposure of the ply/cord structure.

Tire Wear

Adequate tread depth is important for propertire performance. Tires with a tread depth lessthan 3 mm are more likely to hydroplane inwet conditions and should not be used. Tireswith a tread depth less than 4 mm do notperform well in snow and slush and should notbe used when driving in winter conditions.

Model S is originally fitted with tires that havewear indicators molded into the tread pattern.When the tread has been worn down to 3 mm,the indicators start to appear at the surface ofthe tread pattern, producing the effect of acontinuous band of rubber across the width ofthe tire. For optimal performance and safety,Tesla recommends replacing tires before thewear indicators are visible.

Tire Rotation, Balance, and Wheel Alignment

Tesla recommends rotating the tires every10,000 km.

Unbalanced wheels (sometimes noticeable asvibration through the steering wheel) affectvehicle handling and tire life. Even with regularuse, wheels can get out of balance. Therefore,they should be balanced as required.

If tire wear is uneven (on one side of the tireonly) or becomes abnormally excessive, checkthe alignment of wheels.

Note: When replacing only two tires, alwaysinstall the new tires on the rear.

Punctured Tires

A puncture eventually causes the tire to losepressure, which is why it is important to checktire pressures frequently. Permanently repairor replace punctured or damaged tires assoon as possible.

Your tubeless tires may not leak whenpenetrated, provided the object remains in thetire. If, however, you feel a sudden vibration orride disturbance while driving, or you suspecta tire is damaged, immediately reduce yourspeed. Drive slowly, while avoiding heavybraking or sharp steering and, when safe to doso, stop the vehicle. Arrange to have Model Stransported to a Tesla service center, or to anearby tire repair center.

Note: In some cases, you can temporarilyrepair small tire punctures (under 6 mm) usingan optional tire repair kit available from Tesla.This allows you to slowly drive Model S toTesla or to a nearby tire repair facility (see Temporary Tire Repair on page 135).

Warning: Do not drive with a puncturedtire, even if the puncture has not causedthe tire to deflate. A punctured tire candeflate suddenly at any time.

Flat Spots

If Model S is stationary for a long period inhigh temperatures, tires can form flat spots.When Model S is driven, these flat spots causea vibration which gradually disappears as thetires warm up and regain their original shape.

To minimize flat spots during storage, inflatetires to the maximum pressure indicated onthe tire wall. Then, before driving, release airto adjust tire pressure to the recommendedlevels.

Improving Tire Mileage

To improve the mileage you get from yourtires, maintain tires at the recommended tirepressures, observe speed limits and advisoryspeeds, and avoid:

• Pulling away quickly, or hard acceleration.• Fast turns and heavy braking.• Potholes and objects in the road.• Hitting curbs when parking.• Contaminating tires with fluids that can

cause damage.



Replacing Tires and WheelsTires degrade over time due to the effects ofultraviolet light, extreme temperatures, highloads, and environmental conditions. It isrecommended that tires are replaced every sixyears, or sooner if required.

Wheel rims and tires are matched to suit thehandling characteristics of the vehicle.Replacement tires must comply with theoriginal specification. If tires other than thosespecified are used, ensure that the load andspeed ratings marked on the tire (see Understanding Tire Markings on page 158)equal or exceed those of the originalspecification.

Ideally, you should replace all four tires at thesame time. If this is not possible, replace thetires in pairs (both front or both rear). Whenreplacing tires, always re-balance and checkthe alignment of wheels.

If you replace a wheel, the TPMS (Tire PressureMonitoring System) sensors need to be resetto ensure they provide accurate warningswhen tires are under- or over-inflated (see Resetting the TPMS Sensors on page 133).

For the specification of the original wheelsand tires installed on Model S, see Wheels andTires on page 157.

Warning: For your safety, use only tiresand wheels that match the originalspecification (see Wheels and Tires onpage 157). Tires that do not match theoriginal specification can affect theoperation of the Tire Pressure MonitoringSystem (TPMS).

Warning: Never exceed the speed ratingof your vehicle's tires. The speed rating isshown on the sidewall of your tires (see Understanding Tire Markings on page158).

Asymmetric Tires

Model S tires are asymmetric and must bemounted on the wheel with the correctsidewall facing outward. The sidewall of thetire is marked with the word OUTSIDE. Whennew tires are installed, make sure that the tiresare correctly mounted on the wheels.

Warning: Road holding is seriouslyimpaired if the tires are incorrectlyinstalled on the wheels.


Maintenance 131

Seasonal Tire Types

Summer Tires

Your Model S may be originally equipped withhigh performance summer tires. These tiresare designed for maximum dry and wet roadperformance and not designed to performwell in winter conditions. Tesla recommendsusing winter tires if driving in coldtemperatures or on roads where snow or icemay be present. Contact Tesla for winter tirerecommendations.

Warning: In cold temperatures or on snowor ice, summer tires do not provideadequate traction. Selecting and installingthe appropriate tires for winter conditionsis important to ensure the safety andoptimum performance of your Model S,even when equipped with dual-motors.

All-Season Tires

Your Model S may be originally equipped withall-season tires. These tires are designed toprovide adequate traction in most conditionsyear-round, but may not provide the samelevel of traction as winter tires in snowy or icyconditions. All-season tires can be identifiedby “ALL SEASON" and/or "M+S” (mud andsnow) on the tire sidewall.

Winter Tires

Use winter tires to increase traction in snowyor icy conditions. When installing winter tires,always install a complete set of four tires atthe same time. Winter tires must be the samesize, brand, construction and tread pattern onall four wheels. Contact Tesla for winter tirerecommendations.

Winter tires can be identified by amountain/snowflake symbol on thetire's sidewall.

When driving with winter tires, you mayexperience more road noise, shorter tread life,and less traction on dry roads.

Driving in Low TemperaturesTire performance is reduced in low ambienttemperatures, resulting in reduced grip and anincreased susceptibility to damage fromimpacts. Performance tires can temporarilyharden when cold, causing you to hearrotational noise for the first few km until thetires warm up.

Using Tire ChainsTesla has tested and approved Maggie GroupTrak Sport P217 snow chains to increasetraction in snowy conditions. These chainsmust only be installed on rear 19" tires. Do notuse chains on 21" tires or on front tires. Theapproved snow chains can be purchased fromTesla.

When installing tire chains, follow theinstructions provided by the tire chainmanufacturer. Mount them as tightly aspossible.

When using tire chains:

• Drive slowly. Do not exceed 48 km/h.• Avoid heavily loading Model S (heavy

loads can reduce the clearance betweenthe tires and the body).

• Remove the tire chains as soon asconditions allow.

Note: Tire chains are prohibited in somejurisdictions. Check local laws before installingtire chains.

Caution: Using non-recommended tirechains, or using tire chains on other sizedtires, can damage the suspension, body,wheels, and/or brake lines. Damagecaused by using non-recommended tirechains is not covered by the warranty.

Caution: Do not use chains on a Model Sequipped with 21" tires and do not usetire chains on front tires.

Caution: Ensure that tire chains cannottouch suspension components or brakelines. If you hear the chains makingunusual noises that would indicatecontact with Model S, stop andinvestigate immediately.



Tire Pressure MonitoringEach tire should be checked monthly whencold and inflated to the recommendedpressures that are printed on the Tire andLoading Information label located on thedriver’s door pillar (see Maintaining TirePressures on page 129). If your vehicle hastires of a different size than the size indicatedon the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressurelabel, determine the proper tire inflationpressure for those tires.

As an added safety feature, your vehicle hasbeen equipped with a tire pressure monitoringsystem (TPMS) that displays a tire pressuretelltale (Tire Pressure Warning) on theinstrument panel when one or more of yourtires is significantly under- or over-inflated.Accordingly, when the Tire Pressure indicatorlight displays on the instrument panel to alertyou about tire pressure, stop and check yourtires as soon as possible, and inflate them tothe proper pressure (see Maintaining TirePressures on page 129). Driving on asignificantly under-inflated tire causes the tireto overheat and can lead to tire failure. Under-inflation also reduces fuel efficiency and tiretread life, and may affect the vehicle'shandling and stopping ability.

If Model S detects a fault with theTire Pressure Monitoring System(TPMS), this indicator flashes for oneminute whenever you power onModel S.

Note: Installing accessories that are notapproved by Tesla can interfere with theTPMS.

Warning: The TPMS is not a substitute forproper tire maintenance, includingmanually checking tire pressures andregularly inspecting the condition of tires.It is the driver's responsibility to maintaincorrect tire pressure, even if under- orover-inflation has not reached the levelfor the TPMS to trigger the Tire PressureWarning on the instrument panel.

Resetting the TPMS Sensors

After replacing one or more wheels, the TPMSsensors must be reset to ensure tire pressurewarnings are accurate. However, note that theTPMS sensors do not need to be reset afterreplacing a tire or rotating wheels.

Note: When changing to 21" wheels, the TPMSmay generate false tire pressure warnings.

Bring Model S to a Tesla service center forfurther adjustment.

Note: Do not reset the TPMS sensors in anattempt to clear tire pressure warnings.

To reset TPMS sensors:

1. Inflate all tires to their recommendedpressures, as indicated on the Tire andLoading Information label located on thedriver’s door pillar.

2. Get ready to drive for ten minutes, then,on the Model S touchscreen, touchControls > Settings > Service & Reset >Tire Pressure Monitor > Reset Sensors.

3. Follow the onscreen instructions.

Caution: Selecting the incorrect wheelsize may result in false tire pressurewarnings displaying on theinstrument panel. If a tire pressurewarning displays, exit the vehicle,close the rear trunk and all doors,wait for the touchscreen to go black,then re-enter the vehicle and ensurethat the correct wheel size is selectedbefore touching Reset.

Replacing a Tire Sensor

If the Tire Pressure warning indicator displaysfrequently, contact Tesla to determine if a tiresensor needs to be replaced. Tire sensors mustbe replaced by a Tesla service technician whocan perform a brief setup procedure. If a non-Tesla service center repairs or replaces a tire,the tire sensor will not work until Teslaperforms the setup procedure.

TPMS Malfunction

Model S has also been equipped with a TPMSmalfunction indicator to indicate when thesystem is not operating properly.

The TPMS malfunction indicator iscombined with the tire pressureindicator light. When the systemdetects a malfunction, the indicatorflashes for approximately one minuteafter Model S powers on, and thenremains continuously lit. Thissequence continues uponsubsequent vehicle start-ups as longas the malfunction exists. When theTPMS malfunction indicator is on, thesystem might not be able to detector signal under- and over-inflatedtires as intended.


Maintenance 133

TPMS malfunctions can occur for a variety ofreasons, including installing replacement oralternate tires or wheels that prevent theTPMS from functioning properly. Always checkthe TPMS malfunction indicator light afterreplacing one or more tires or wheels on yourvehicle to ensure that the replacement tires orwheels allow the TPMS to continue to functionproperly.

Note: If a tire has been replaced or repairedusing a different tire sealant than the oneavailable from Tesla, and a low tire pressure isdetected, it is possible that the tire sensor hasbeen damaged. Contact Tesla to have the faultrepaired as soon as possible.



Tire Repair KitYour Model S has no spare tire. Depending onthe legislations that apply to the region inwhich you purchased Model S, a tire repair kitmay or may not be included. If a tire repair kitwas not provided in Model S upon delivery,you can purchase one from Tesla.

The tire repair kit consists of a compressorand a canister of tire sealant (enough to repairone tire). When injected into a tire, the sealantcan penetrate a small puncture up to 6 mm toform a temporary repair.

Note: For punctures larger than 6 mm, severetread damage, a damaged sidewall, rippedtires or tires that have come off the rim, callRoadside Assistance.

Warning: The tire repair kit is a temporaryrepair only. You must repair or replace adamaged tire as soon as possible.

Warning: Do not exceed 48 km/h whendriving with a tire that has beentemporarily repaired with sealant.

Warning: Follow all directions andwarnings on the tire repair kit beforestarting a repair.

Caution: Do not drive on a deflated tire asthis can cause serious damage.

Tire Sealant Canister

The tire sealant provided in the Tesla tirerepair kit is approved for use with Model S andis designed not to damage the TPMS (TirePressure Monitoring System) sensors.Therefore, you must replace it only with one ofthe same type and capacity (see Replacingthe Sealant Canister on page 138). Tiresealant canisters can be purchased from Tesla.

The tire sealant has an expiration date printedon the outside of the canister. If the expirationdate has passed, the sealant might not workas expected. Always replace an expired tiresealant canister.

Warning: Do not use any tire sealantother than the one available from Tesla.Doing so could cause tire pressuresensors to malfunction.

Warning: Always read and follow thesafety and handling instructions printedon the sealant canister.

Warning: Keep tire sealant out of thereach of children.

Warning: Tire sealant can be harmful if itcontacts the eyes or if swallowed orinhaled. If the sealant comes into contactwith your eyes, immediately flush withwater and seek medical attention ifirritation persists. If swallowed, do notinduce vomiting and seek medicalassistance immediately. If inhaled, breathefresh air. Inhalation can cause drowsinessand dizziness. If breathing is affected,seek medical assistance immediately.

Temporary Tire Repair

Maintenance 135

Inflating with Sealant and AirIf you have a Tesla tire repair kit, follow thesesteps to temporarily repair a small tirepuncture (less than 6 mm).

1. Stop Model S in a safe place away fromtraffic and ask passengers to wait in a safearea.

2. Turn on the hazard warning flashers toalert other road users.

3. If possible, position the wheel with thepuncture at the bottom.

4. Detach the power supply connector fromthe back of the compressor and plug itinto the 12V power socket located on thefront of center console.

5. Release the clear plastic hose from the tirecompressor.

6. Remove the red cap and screw the end ofthe hose onto the tire’s valve.

7. Attach the sealant kit’s black air hose tothe sealant valve and press the lever downto secure it in place.

8. Ensure the compressor is lying on a levelsurface with the pressure gauge facing tothe side as shown in Step 5.

9. Turn on the compressor.10. Inflate the tire to the recommended

pressure.11. Turn off the compressor and disconnect

the hose from the tire’s valve. Wipe anyexcess sealant from the tire valve andwheel rim.

12. Immediately drive for 8 km to distributethe sealant around the tire. Do not exceed48 km/h.

13. Stop and check the tire’s pressure. Ifnecessary, inflate using the black air hose.

14. Have the tire repaired or replaced as soonas possible.

15. Replace the tire repair sealant canister(see Replacing the Sealant Canister onpage 138).



Inflating with Air OnlyIf you have a Tesla tire repair kit, follow thesesteps to inflate a tire with air:

1. Detach the power supply connector fromthe rear of the compressor and plug it intothe 12V power socket located in Model Son the front of center console.

2. Release the black air hose from thecompressor.

3. Attach the air hose to the valve and pressthe lever down to secure it in place.

4. Ensure the compressor is lying on a levelsurface with the pressure gauge facing tothe side where you can read it.

5. To add air, turn on the compressor andinflate until the desired pressure isreached.

6. To release air, turn off the compressor,then press and hold the red button untilthe desired pressure is reached.

Note: For your convenience, the tire repair kitincludes a selection of adapters that allow youto inflate other items. These adapters arelocated in a compartment on the back of thecompressor.

Caution: To avoid overheating, do not usethe compressor continuously for morethan eight minutes. Allow the compressorto cool for 15 minutes between uses.

Caution: The compressor runs slowlywhen overheated from excessive use. Turnit off and allow it to cool.


Maintenance 137

Replacing the Sealant CanisterIf you have a Tesla tire repair kit, you canpurchase additional or replacement canistersof tire sealant from Tesla.

Follow these steps to replace the canister inyour Tesla tire repair kit:

1. Unwrap the clear hose from thecompressor. This hose is included with thetire repair sealant canister.

2. Remove the canister cover by sliding itupward to release it from the compressor.

3. Remove the canister.

4. Insert the new canister and replace thecover.



Cleaning the ExteriorTo prevent damage to the paint, immediatelyremove corrosive substances (bird droppings,tree resin, dead insects, tar spots, road salt,industrial fallout, etc). Do not wait untilModel S is due for a complete wash. Ifnecessary, use denatured alcohol to removetar spots and stubborn grease stains, thenimmediately wash the area with water and amild, non-detergent soap to remove thealcohol.

Follow these steps when washing the exteriorof Model S:

1. Rinse Thoroughly

Before washing, flush grime and grit fromthe bodywork using a hose. Flush awayaccumulations of mud in areas wheredebris easily collects (such as wheelarches and panel seams). If salt has beenused on the highways (such as duringwinter months), thoroughly rinse all tracesof road salt from the underside of thevehicle.

2. Hand Wash

Hand wash Model S using a clean softcloth and cold or lukewarm watercontaining a mild, good quality carshampoo.

3. Rinse with Clean Water

After washing, rinse with clean water toprevent soap from drying on the surfaces.

4. Dry Thoroughly and Clean Exterior Glass

After washing and rinsing, dry thoroughlywith a chamois.

Clean windows and mirrors using anautomotive glass cleaner. Do not scrape,or use any abrasive cleaning fluid on glassor mirrored surfaces.

Cautions for Exterior Cleaning

Caution: Do not use windshield treatmentfluids. Doing so can interfere with wiperfriction and cause a chattering sound.

Caution: Do not use hot water anddetergents.

Caution: In hot weather, do not wash indirect sunlight.

Caution: If using a pressure washer,maintain a distance of at least 30 cmbetween the nozzle and the surface ofModel S. Keep the nozzle moving and donot concentrate the water jet on any onearea.

Caution: Do not aim water hoses directlyat window, door or hood seals, or throughwheel apertures onto brake components.

Caution: Avoid using tight-napped orrough cloths, such as washing mitts.

Caution: If washing in an automatic carwash, use Touchless car washes only.These car washes have no parts (brushes,etc.) that touch the surfaces of Model S.Using any other type of car wash couldcause damage that is not covered by thewarranty.

Caution: Do not use chemical basedwheel cleaners. These can damage thefinish on the wheels.

Caution: Avoid using a high pressurepower washer on the rear view camera orparking sensors (if equipped) and do notclean a sensor or camera lens with asharp or abrasive object that can scratchor damage its surface.

Cleaning

Maintenance 139

Cleaning the InteriorFrequently inspect and clean the interior tomaintain its appearance and to preventpremature wear. If possible, immediately wipeup spills and remove marks. For generalcleaning, wipe interior surfaces using a softcloth (such as micro fiber) dampened with amixture of warm water and mild non-detergent cleaner (test all cleaners on aconcealed area before use). To avoid streaks,dry immediately with a soft lint-free cloth.

Interior Glass

Do not scrape, or use any abrasive cleaningfluid on glass or mirrored surfaces. This candamage the reflective surface of the mirrorand the heating elements in the rear window.

Airbags

Do not allow any substance to enter an airbagcover. This could affect correct operation.

Dashboard and Plastic Surfaces

Do not polish the upper surfaces of thedashboard. Polished surfaces are reflectiveand could interfere with your driving view.

Leather Seats

Leather is prone to dye-transfer which cancause discoloration, particularly on lightcolored leather. White and tan leather iscoated with an anti-soiling treatment. Wipespills as soon as possible using a soft clothmoistened with warm water and non-detergent soap. Wipe gently in a circularmotion. Then wipe dry using a soft, lint-freecloth. Using detergents or commerciallyavailable leather cleaners and conditioners isnot recommended because they can discoloror dry out the leather.

Polyurethane Seats

Wipe spills as soon as possible using a softcloth moistened with warm water and non-detergent soap. Wipe gently in a circularmotion. After cleaning, allow the seats to airdry.

Cloth Seats

Wipe spills as soon as possible using a softcloth moistened with warm water and non-detergent soap. Wipe gently in a circularmotion. Then wipe dry using a soft, lint-freecloth. Vacuum the seats as needed to removeany loose dirt.

Carpets

Avoid over-wetting carpets. For heavily soiledareas, use a diluted upholstery cleaner.

Seat Belts

Extend the belts to wipe. Do not use any typeof detergent or chemical cleaning agent.Allow the belts to dry naturally whileextended, preferably away from directsunlight.

Touchscreen and Instrument Panel

Clean the touchscreen and instrument panelusing a soft lint-free cloth specificallydesigned to clean monitors and displays. Donot use cleaners (such as a glass cleaner) anddo not use a wet wipe or a dry statically-charged cloth (such as a recently washedmicrofiber). To wipe the touchscreen withoutactivating buttons and changing settings, youcan enable clean mode. Touch Controls >Displays > Clean Mode. The display darkens tomake it easy to see dust and smudges.

Chrome and Metal Surfaces

Polish, abrasive cleaners or hard cloths candamage the finish on chrome and metalsurfaces.

Cautions for Interior Cleaning

Warning: If you notice any damage on anairbag or seat belt, contact Teslaimmediately.

Warning: Do not allow any water,cleaners, or fabric to enter a seat beltmechanism.

Caution: Using solvents (includingalcohol), bleach, citrus, naphtha, orsilicone-based products or additives oninterior components can cause damage.

Caution: Statically-charged materials cancause damage to the touchscreen orinstrument panel.

Cleaning


Polishing, Touch Up, and BodyRepairTo preserve the cosmetic appearance of thebody, you can occasionally treat the paintsurfaces with an approved polish containing:

• Very mild abrasive to remove surfacecontamination without removing ordamaging the paint.

• Filling compounds that fill scratches andreduce their visibility.

• Wax to provide a protective coatingbetween the paint and environmentalelements.

Regularly inspect the exterior paint fordamage. Treat minor chips and scratchesusing a paint touch-up pen (available forpurchase from Tesla). Use the touch-up penafter washing but before polishing or waxing.

Repair rock chips, fractures or scratches. Bodyrepairs should be performed only by a Teslaapproved body shop. Contact Tesla for a list ofapproved body shops.

Caution: Do not use cutting pastes, colorrestoration compounds, or polishescontaining harsh abrasives. These canscour the surface and permanentlydamage the paint.

Caution: Do not use chrome polish orother abrasive cleaners.

Using a Car CoverTo preserve the cosmetic appearance of thebody when Model S is not being used, use agenuine Tesla car cover. Car covers can bepurchased from Tesla.

Caution: Use only a Tesla-approved carcover when Model S is plugged in. Using anon-Tesla car cover can prevent theBattery from being adequately cooledduring charging.

Floor MatsTo extend the life of your carpet and makethem easier to clean, use genuine Tesla floormats. Maintain mats by regularly cleaningthem and checking that they are properlyattached. Replace floor mats if they becomeexcessively worn.

Warning: To avoid potential interferencewith a foot pedal, ensure that the driver’sfloor mat is securely fastened, and neverplace an additional floor mat on top of it.Floor mats should always rest on top ofthe vehicle carpeting surface and not onanother floor mat or other covering.

Cleaning

Maintenance 141

Checking and Replacing WiperBlades

Caution: Wiper blades do not lock into alifted position. When cleaning orreplacing a wiper blade, lift the wiper armonly a short distance from the windshield,just far enough to access the blade. Donot lift a wiper arm beyond its intendedposition. Doing so can cause damage thatis not covered by the warranty.

To make wiper blades easy to access, turn offthe wipers, shift Model S into Park, then usethe touchscreen to move them to the serviceposition. Touch Controls > Settings > Service &Reset > Service Mode > ON.

Note: Wipers automatically return to theirnormal position when you shift Model S out ofPark.

Periodically check and clean the edge of thewiper blade and check the rubber for cracks,splits and roughness. If damaged, replace theblade immediately to prevent damage to theglass.

Contaminants on the windshield, or on thewiper blades, can reduce the effectiveness ofthe wiper blades. Contaminants include ice,wax spray from car washes, washer fluid withbug and/or water repellent, bird droppings,tree sap, and other organic substances.

Follow these guidelines for cleaning:

• Clean the windshield using non-abrasiveglass cleaner.

• Lift the wiper arm a short distance awayfrom the windshield, just far enough toaccess the wiper blade, then wipe theblade clean using isopropyl (rubbing)alcohol or washer fluid.

If the wipers remain ineffective after cleaning,replace the wiper blades.

For optimum performance, replace wiperblades at least once a year.

To replace wiper blades:

1. Turn off the wipers, shift Model S intoPark, then use the touchscreen to movethe wipers to the service position. TouchControls > Settings > Service & Reset >Service Mode > ON.

Note: Wipers must be OFF to turn onService Mode.

2. Lift the wiper arm a short distance awayfrom the windshield, just far enough toaccess the wiper blade.

3. Hold the wiper arm (the wiper arm doesnot lock into a lifted position) and pressthe locking tab while sliding the bladedown the arm.

4. Align the new blade on the wiper arm andslide it toward the hooked end of the armuntil it locks into place.

5. Place the wiper arm against thewindshield.

If the problem persists with new blades, cleanthe windshield and wiper blades by wipingwith a soft cloth or sponge moistened withwarm water and non-detergent soap. Then,rinse the windshield and wiper blades withclean water. The windshield is clean whenwater beads do not form.

Caution: Only use cleaning productsapproved for use on automotive glass andrubber. Inappropriate products can causedamage or smears, and create glare onthe windshield.

Caution: Only install replacement bladesthat are identical to the original blades.Using inappropriate blades can damagethe wiper system and affect the operationof the rain sensor.

Cleaning Washer JetsThe position of the windshield washers is setat the factory and should never needadjusting.

If a windshield washer becomes blocked, use athin strand of wire to clear any blockages fromthe nozzle.

Wiper Blades and Washer Jets


Warning: Do not operate the washerswhile cleaning Model S. Windshieldwasher fluid can irritate eyes and skin.Read and observe the washer fluidmanufacturer’s instructions.

Wiper Blades and Washer Jets

Maintenance 143

Removing the Maintenance PanelTo check fluid levels, remove the maintenancepanel:

1. Pull the rear edge of the maintenancepanel upward to release the five clips thathold the panel in place.

2. Maneuver the maintenance panel towardthe windshield to remove.

Caution: The maintenance panel protectsthe front trunk from water. When re-attaching, make sure it is fully seated.

Checking Battery CoolantIf the quantity of fluid in the cooling systemdrops below the recommended level, theinstrument panel displays a warning message.Stop Model S as soon as safety permits andcontact Tesla.

Fluid Level Check

Tesla checks the Battery coolant level at theregularly scheduled maintenance intervals. Ona single motor Model S, you can check ityourself. To do so, park Model S on levelground. When Model S is cool, remove themaintenance panel (see Removing theMaintenance Panel on page 144).

Check the fluid level visually by looking at theoutside marks on the side of the reservoir. DONOT REMOVE THE FILLER CAP AND DO NOTADD FLUID. Doing so can result in damagenot covered by the warranty.

The fluid level should be between the MIN andthe MAX marks. If you notice that the fluidlevel has dropped significantly, contact Teslabefore using Model S.

Topping Up the Battery Coolant

Under no circumstances should you addcoolant. If the instrument panel warns you thatthe fluid level is low, contact Teslaimmediately.

To maximize the performance and life of theBattery, the cooling system uses a specifictype of G-48 ethylene-glycol coolant (HOAT).Contact Tesla for more specific informationabout the coolant.

Fluid Reservoirs


Checking Brake FluidWarning: Contact Tesla immediately if younotice increased movement of the brakepedal or a significant loss of brake fluid.Driving under these conditions can resultin extended stopping distances orcomplete brake failure.

The Brake indicator on theinstrument panel alerts you if thequantity of fluid in the brakereservoir drops below therecommended level. If it displayswhile driving, stop as soon as safetypermits by gently applying thebrakes. Do not continue driving.Contact Tesla immediately.

Fluid Level Check

Tesla checks the brake fluid level at theregularly scheduled maintenance intervals. Tocheck it yourself, park Model S on levelground. When Model S is cool, remove themaintenance panel (see Removing theMaintenance Panel on page 144).

Check the fluid level visually by looking at theoutside marks on the side of the reservoirwithout removing the filler cap.

The brake fluid level should always bebetween the MIN and the MAX marks.

Note: Although brake fluid level drops slightlyduring normal use as a result of brake padwear, it should not drop below the MIN mark.

Topping Up the Brake Fluid

Do not top up your brake fluid. Tesla servicedoes this when you bring Model S in forregular servicing. The following instructionsare provided for information purposes andfuture reference only:

1. Clean the filler cap before removing toprevent dirt from entering the reservoir.

2. Unscrew the cap and remove.3. Top up the reservoir to the MAX mark

using brake fluid meeting DOT3specifications.

4. Replace the filler cap.

Warning: Only use new fluid from a sealedair-tight container. Never use previouslyused fluid or fluid from a previouslyopened container—fluid absorbs moisturewhich decreases braking performance.

Warning: Brake fluid is highly toxic. Keepcontainers sealed and out of the reach ofchildren. In the event of accidentalconsumption, seek medical attentionimmediately.

Caution: Brake fluid damages paintedsurfaces. Immediately soak up any spillswith an absorbent cloth and wash thearea with a mixture of car shampoo andwater.

Fluid Reservoirs

Maintenance 145

Topping Up Washer FluidThe only reservoir into which you can addfluid is the washer fluid reservoir locatedunder the front trunk. When the level is low, amessage displays on the instrument panel.

Do not use formulated washer fluids thatcontain water repellent or bug wash. Thesefluids can cause streaking, smearing, andsqueaking or other noises.

Operate the washers periodically to check thatthe nozzles are clear and properly directed.

To top up washer fluid:

1. Clean the filler cap before opening toprevent dirt from entering the reservoir.

2. Open the filler cap.

3. Fill the reservoir until the fluid level isvisible just below the filler neck.

4. Replace the filler cap.

Note: Some national or local regulationsrestrict the use of Volatile OrganicCompounds (VOCs). VOCs are commonlyused as antifreeze in washer fluid. Use awasher fluid with limited VOC content only if itprovides adequate freeze resistance for allclimates in which you drive Model S.

Caution: Under no circumstances do youneed to inspect or top up other fluidreservoirs. Two additional fluid reservoirsare located next to the washer fluid, butunderneath the maintenance panel. In theunlikely event that you see a message onthe instrument panel that one of thesefluid levels is low, stop Model S as soon assafe to do so, and contact Tesla.

Caution: Do not spill washer fluid on bodypanels. Doing so can cause damage. Wipeup spills immediately and wash theaffected area with water.

Warning: In temperatures below 4° C, usea washer fluid with antifreeze. In cold

weather, using a washer fluid withoutantifreeze can impair visibility throughthe windshield.

Fluid Reservoirs


Jacking ProcedureFollow the steps below to lift Model S. Ensurethat any non-Tesla repair facility is aware ofthese lifting points.

1. Position Model S centrally between the liftposts.

2. If your Model S is equipped with Smart AirSuspension, it automatically self-levels,even when power is off. Use thetouchscreen to set the suspension asfollows:

• Touch Controls > Suspension.• Press the brake pedal, then touch Very

High to maximize the height of thesuspension.

• Touch Jack to disable self-leveling.

When Jack mode is active,Model S displays this indicatorlight on the instrument panel,along with a message tellingyou that active suspension isdisabled.

3. Position the lift arm pads under the bodyrails at the locations illustrated. DO NOTposition the lift arm pads under theBattery.

4. Adjust the height and position of the liftarm pads to ensure they are correctlylocated.

5. With assistance, raise the lift, ensuring thelift arm pads remain in their correctpositions.

Note: Jack mode cancels when Model S isdriven over 7 km/h.

Warning: If your Model S is equipped withSmart Air Suspension, it automaticallyself-levels, even when power is off. YouMUST disable this system by engagingJack mode before lifting or jacking. If youdo not disable Smart Air Suspension,Model S can attempt to self-level, causingserious damage, bodily injury, or death.

Warning: Never raise Model S when thecharge cable is connected, even ifcharging is not in progress.

Warning: Do not work on an incorrectlysupported vehicle. Doing so can causeserious damage, bodily injury, or death.

Caution: DO NOT lift from under theBattery. Place the lift arm pads under thebody rails only. The locations illustratedare the only approved lifting points forModel S. Lifting at any other points cancause damage. Damage caused by liftingModel S is not covered by the warranty.

Jacking and Lifting

Maintenance 147

Parts, Accessories, andModificationsUse only genuine Tesla parts and accessories.Tesla performs rigorous testing on parts toensure their suitability, safety, and reliability.Purchase these parts from Tesla, where theyare professionally installed and where you canreceive expert advice about modifications toModel S.

Tesla is unable to assess parts manufacturedby other distributors and therefore accepts noresponsibility if you use non-Tesla parts onModel S.

Warning: Installing non-approved partsand accessories, or performing non-approved modifications, can affect theperformance of Model S and the safety ofits occupants. Any damage caused byusing or installing non-approved parts, orby performing non-approvedmodifications, is not covered by thewarranty.

Warning: Tesla does not accept liabilityfor death, personal injury or damage thatoccurs if you use or install non-approvedaccessories or make non-approvedmodifications.

Body RepairsIf Model S is in a collision, contact Tesla toensure that it is repaired with genuine Teslaparts. Tesla has selected and approved bodyshops that meet strict requirements fortraining, equipment, quality, and customersatisfaction.

Some repair shops and insurance companiesmight suggest using non-original equipmentor salvaged parts to save money. However,these parts do not meet Tesla's high standardsfor quality, fit and corrosion resistance. Inaddition, non-original equipment and salvagedparts (and any damage or failures they mightcause) are not covered by the warranty.

Using RFID TranspondersModel S has a metallic coating on thewindshield that can interfere with signals sentfrom RFID transponders used by many tollsystems. Most Model S vehicles, depending ondate of manufacture, include an area in thewindshield in which the metallic coating is cutout to accommodate transponders. This area,located on the right side of the rear viewmirror, is the best location to mount antransponder. If your vehicle does not includethis cut out area, mount the transponder tothe rear window.

Note: You can also attach a weather-prooftransponder on the front license plate orbehind the nose cone (for details on how toremove the nose cone, see Instructions forTransporters on page 161).

Parts and Accessories


Vehicle Identification NumberYou can find the VIN at the followinglocations:

• Touch the Tesla "T" at the top center ofthe touchscreen. The VIN displays on thepopup window.

• Stamped on a plate located at the top ofthe dashboard. Can be seen by lookingthrough the windshield.

• Printed on the Identification Plate, locatedon the driver’s side door pillar. Can beseen when the driver’s door is open.

• Stamped on the chassis:

• On vehicles manufactured as ofAugust 2015, the VIN can be seen byremoving the sill panel on the driver'sdoor by gently prying it upward usinga flat-bladed tool.

Caution: Removing the sill panelto view the VIN is notrecommended because damageis likely to occur. The panel is heldin place with fragile clips thatbreak easily. Damage caused byremoving the sill panel is notcovered by the warranty.

Identification Labels

Specifications 149

Load Capacity LabelingIt is important to understand how muchweight your Model S can safely carry. Thisweight is called the vehicle capacity weightand includes the weight of all occupants,cargo and any additional equipment added toyour Model S since it was manufactured.

There are two labels attached to Model S thatstate how much weight it can safely carry.These labels are located on the center doorpillar and are visible when the front door isopen:

1. Tire and Loading Information label2. Identification Plate

Warning: Overloading Model S has anadverse effect on braking and handling,which can compromise your safety ordamage Model S.

Caution: Never load more than 136 kg inthe front trunk. Doing so can causedamage.

Caution: Never store large amounts ofliquid in Model S. A significant spill cancause electrical components tomalfunction.

Tire and Loading Information Label

The Tire and Loading Information labelprovides:

• The maximum number of occupantseating positions.

• The maximum vehicle capacity weight.• The size of the original tires.• The cold inflation pressures for the

original front and rear tires. Thesepressures are recommended to optimizeride and handling characteristics.

Never change this label, even if you usedifferent tires in the future.

Note: If Model S is loaded to its full capacity,double check all tires to ensure they areinflated to their recommended pressure levels.

Identification Plate

In addition to the VIN, the Identification Plateprovides certification that Model S complieswith the Motor Vehicle Standards Act.

Caution: To prevent damage, never loadModel S so that it is heavier than GVWRor exceeds the individual GAWR weights.

Calculating Load Limits1. Locate the statement “The combined

weight of occupants and cargo shouldnever exceed XXX kg or XXX lbs” on the“Tire and Loading Information” label.

2. Determine the combined weight of alloccupants that will ride in the vehicle.

3. Subtract the combined weight of theoccupants from XXX kg or XXX lbs (seeStep 1).

Vehicle Loading


4. The resulting figure equals the availablecargo load capacity. For example, if the“XXX” amount equals 1400 lbs (635 kg)and there will be five 150 lb (68 kg)passengers in the vehicle, the amount ofavailable cargo capacity is 650 lbs(1400 ‑ 750 (5 x 150) = 650 lbs) or 295 kg(635 ‑ 340 (5 x 68) = 295 kg).

5. Determine the combined cargo weightbeing loaded on the vehicle. That weightmust not exceed the available cargo loadcapacity calculated in Step 4.

Warning: Trunks are the preferred placesto carry objects. In an accident, or duringhard braking and sharp turns, loose itemsin the cabin could injure occupants.

Example Load Limit Calculations

How much cargo Model S can carry dependson the number and weight of passengers. Thefollowing calculated load limit examplesassume passengers weigh 150 lbs (68 kg). Ifpassengers weigh more or less, availablecargo weight decreases or increasesrespectively.

Driver and one passenger

Description Total

Vehicle capacity weight 954 lbs(433 kg)

Subtract occupant weight(2 x 150 lbs/68 kg)

300 lbs(136 kg)

Available cargo weight 654 lbs(297 kg)

Driver and four passengers

Description Total

Vehicle capacity weight 954 lbs(433 kg)

Subtract occupant weight (5 x150 lbs/68 kg)

750 lbs(340 kg)

Available cargo weight 204 lbs(93 kg)

The cargo weight should be distributedbetween the front and rear trunks.

Caution: Do not exceed the maximumfront trunk load weight of 136 kg.

Towing a TrailerWarning: Do not use Model S for towingpurposes. Model S does not support atrailer hitch. Installing one could causedamage and increase the risk of anaccident.

Caution: Using Model S for towing mayvoid the warranty.

Roof RacksIf Model S is equipped with the all glasspanoramic roof, you can carry up to 75 kgusing a Tesla-approved roof rack (see Partsand Accessories on page 148). A Model Sequipped with a solid aluminum roof isincompatible with roof racks.

Caution: Damage caused by roof racks isnot covered by the warranty.

Caution: Do not use roof racks, or placeany load, on the roof of a Model S that isequipped with a solid aluminum roof.Doing so can cause significant damage.

Vehicle Loading

Specifications 151

Exterior Dimensions

A Overall Length 196 in 4,979 mm

BOverall Width (including mirrors)

Overall Width (excluding mirrors)

86.2 in

77.3 in

2,189 mm

1,964 mm

C Overall Height 56.9 in* 1,445 mm*

D Wheel Base 116.5 in 2,960 mm

E Overhang - Front 36.9 in 937 mm

F Overhang - Rear 42.55 in 1,081 mm

G Ground Clearance - CoilSuspension (single motor vehicle)

5.5 in* 139.7 mm*

G Ground Clearance - CoilSuspension (dual motor vehicle)

5.3 in* 134.6 mm*

G Ground Clearance - Air Suspension 4.6 - 6.3 in 116.8 - 160 mm

HTrack - Front

Track - Rear

65.4 in

66.9 in

1,662 mm

1,700 mm

*Values are approximate. The dimensions can vary depending on vehicle configuration andvarious other factors.

Interior Dimensions

Head RoomFront

Rear

38.8 in

35.3 in

986 mm

897 mm

Leg RoomFront

Rear

42.7 in

35.4 in

1085 mm

899 mm

Shoulder RoomFront

Rear

57.7 in

55 in

1466 mm

1397 mm

Hip RoomFront

Rear

55 in

54.7 in

1397 mm

1389 mm

Dimensions and Weights


Cargo Volume

Total cargo volume (rear seats notfolded) 28.4 cu ft 804.2 L

Rear cargo volume 26.3 cu ft 744.7 L

Rear cargo volume (with seatsfolded down) 58.1 cu ft 1645.2 L

Front cargo volume 2.1 cu ft 59.5 L

Weights

Curb Weight* - 60/70/75 4469 lbs 2027 kg

Curb Weight* - 60D/70D/75D 4647 lbs 2108 kg

Curb Weight* - 90D 4736 lbs 2148 kg

Curb Weight* - P90D 4841 lbs 2196 kg

Curb Weight* - P100D 4941 lbs 2241 kg

GVWR** - 60/70/75 5710 lbs 2590 kg

GVWR** - 60D/70D/75D 5732 lbs 2600 kg

GVWR** - 90D 5820 lbs 2640 kg

GVWR** - P90D 5886 lbs 2670 kg

GVWR** - P100D 5997 lbs 2720 kg

Gross Axle Weight Rating- Front(non-Performance vehicle) 2813 lbs 1276 kg

Gross Axle Weight Rating- Front(P85D/P90D) 2756 lbs 1250 kg

Gross Axle Weight Rating- Front(P100D) 2866 lbs 1300 kg

Gross Axle Weight Rating - Rear: 19"wheels 3307 lbs 1500 kg

Gross Axle Weight Rating - Rear: 21"wheels 3131 lbs 1420 kg

Trailer Towing Not permissible

*Curb Weight = weight of the vehicle with correct fluid levels, no occupants and no cargo

**GVWR = Gross Vehicle Weight Rating

Dimensions and Weights

Specifications 153

Motor

Type AC induction motor, liquid-cooled, withvariable frequency drive

Rating 320 Volts

Maximum speed of large motors:

- rear motor on all single motor vehicles

- rear motor on Performance dual-motor vehicles

16000 rpm

Maximum speed of small motors:

- front motor on all dual-motor vehicles

- rear motor on non-Performance dual-motorvehicles

18000 rpm

Maximum net power* and engine speed of largemotors

Base: 285 kW @ 6850 rpm

Performance: 375 kW @ 5950 rpm

Maximum net power* and engine speed of smallmotors

Performance: 193 kW @ 6100 rpm

Maximum torque of large motors Base: 440 Nm

Performance: 650 Nm

Maximum torque of small motors Base: 250 Nm

Performance: 330 Nm

*Tested in accordance with ECE R85

Transmission

Type Single speed fixed gear

Overall Final Drive Ratio Small motor: 9.34:1

Large motor: 9.73:1

Reverse Gear Reverse direction of motor, limited to24 km/h

Steering

Type Rack and pinion with electronic powersteering

Variable ratio and speed sensitive

Number of turns lock to lock 2.45

Turning Circle (curb to curb) 12.4 metres

Subsystems


Brakes

Type

4-wheel anti-lock braking system (ABS)with Electronic Brake Force Distribution,Integrated Advanced Stability Control andElectronic Accelerator pedal actuatedregenerative braking system

Calipers Four piston fixed

Rotor Diameters (ventilated)Front: 13.98”/355 mm

Rear: 14.37”/365 mm

Front Rotor thicknessNew: 1.26”/32 mm

Service limit: 1.18”/30 mm

Rear Rotor thicknessNew: 1.10”/28 mm


Front Brake Pad Thickness (excluding back plate)New: 0.354”/9.0 mm


Rear Brake Pad Thickness (excluding back plate)New: 0.315”/8.0 mm


Electronic Parking Brake (EPB) Pad Thickness(excluding back plate). Electronic calipers self-adjust for pad wear.

New: 0.216”/5.5 mm


Parking brake Electrically actuated parking brakecalipers

Suspension

Front Independent, double wishbone, air springor coil spring/telescopic damper, sway bar

Rear Independent, multi-link, air spring or coilspring/telescopic damper, sway bar (airsuspension vehicles only)

Battery - 12V

Rating 33 amp-hr or higher

Voltage and Polarity 12V negative (-) ground

Subsystems

Specifications 155

Battery - High Voltage

Type Liquid-cooled lithium ion (Li-ion)

Rating 60, 70, 75, 85, 90, or 100 kWh (atbeginning of life)

Nominal Voltage - 85, 90, and 100 kWh

Nominal Voltage - 60, 70, 75 kWh

350 V DC

300 V DC

Temperature Range Do not expose Model S to ambienttemperatures above 60° C or below-30° C for more than 24 hours at a time.

Subsystems


Wheel Specifications

Wheel Type Location Size Offset

19"

Front 8.0J x 19 1.575"40 mm

Rear 8.0J x 19 1.575"40 mm

21" - Silver (standard) Front 8.5J x 21 1.575"40 mm

21" - Grey (standard) Rear 8.5J x 21 1.575"40 mm

21" - Silver and Grey (optional) PerformancePlus vehicles Rear 9.0J x 21 1.575"

40 mm

Road Wheel Nut Torque 129 lb. ft (175 Nm)

Note: For instructions on how to jack/lift Model S, see Jacking and Lifting on page 147.

Tire Specifications

Tire Type Location Size

19" wheels All P245/45R19

21" wheels Front

Rear

P245/35R21

P265/35R21*

*On a P85D and P90D Model S, the width of the rear tires may vary depending on date ofmanufacture. Some vehicles may be equipped with P245/35R21 tires on both front and rear.

Tire pressures vary depending on the type of tires fitted. Refer to the tire pressures printed onthe Tire and Loading Information label. This label is located on the center door pillar and isvisible when the driver’s door is open (see Maintaining Tire Pressures on page 129).

Winter tires can be purchased from a Tesla store.

Wheels and Tires

Specifications 157

Understanding Tire MarkingsLaws require tire manufacturers to place standardized information on the sidewall of all tires. Thisinformation identifies and describes the fundamental characteristics of the tire.

Wheels and Tires


1 Tire category. P indicates that the tire is for passenger vehicles.

2 Tire width. This 3-digit number is the width (in millimeters) of the tire from sidewalledge to sidewall edge.

3 Aspect ratio. This 2-digit number is the sidewall height as a percentage of the treadwidth. So, if the tread width is 205 mm, and the aspect ratio is 50, the sidewall height is102 mm.

4 Tire construction. R indicates that the tire is of Radial ply construction.

5 Wheel diameter. This 2-digit number is the diameter of the wheel rim in inches.

6 Load index. This 2 or 3-digit number is the weight each tire can support. This number isnot always shown.

7 Speed rating. When stated, indicates the maximum speed (in mph) at which the tirecan be used for extended periods. Q=99 mph (160 km/h), R=106 mph (170 km/h),S=112 mph (180 km/h), T=118 mph (190 km/h), U=124 mph (200 km/h), H=130 mph(210 km/h), V=149 mph (240 km/h), W=168 mph (270 km/h), Y=186 mph (300 km/h).

8 Tire composition and materials. The number of plies in both the tread area and thesidewall area indicates how many layers of rubber coated material make up thestructure of the tire. Information is also provided on the type of materials used.

9 Maximum tire load. The maximum load which can be carried by the tire.

10 Maximum permissible inflation pressure. This pressure should not be used for normaldriving.

11 U.S. DOT Tire Identification Number (TIN). Begins with the letters DOT and indicatesthat the tire meets all federal standards. The next 2 digits/letters represent the plantcode where it was manufactured, and the last 4 digits represent the week and year ofmanufacture. For example, the number 1712 is used to represent the 17th week of 2012.The other numbers are marketing codes used at the manufacturer’s discretion. Thisinformation can be used to contact consumers if a tire defect requires a recall.

12 Treadwear grade. This number indicates the tire’s wear rate. The higher the treadwearnumber is, the longer it should take for the tread to wear down. A tire rated at 400, forexample, lasts twice as long as a tire rated at 200.

13 Traction grade. Indicates a tire’s ability to stop on wet roads. A higher graded tireshould allow you to stop your vehicle in a shorter distance than a tire with a lowergrade. Traction is graded from highest to lowest as AA, A, B, and C.

14 Temperature grade. The tire’s resistance to heat is grade A, B, or C, with A indicatingthe greatest resistance. This grading is provided for a correctly inflated tire, which isbeing used within its speed and loading limits.

Wheels and Tires

Specifications 159

Tesla Roadside Assistance is available to you, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, for the duration ofyour warranty period.

To contact Roadside Assistance, call:

1800 64 6952

Advise the representative of the vehicle identification number (VIN), license plate number,mileage, your location, and the nature of the problem. The VIN is on the upper dashboard on thedriver’s side of your vehicle and is visible through the windshield.

It is your responsibility to provide vehicle transporters with instructions on how to transportModel S (see Instructions for Transporters on page 161).

Contacting Roadside Assistance


tel:1800-64-6952

Use a Flatbed OnlyUse a flatbed trailer only, unless otherwisespecified by Tesla. Do not transport Model Swith the tires directly on the ground.

Caution: Damage caused by transportingis not covered by the warranty.

Caution: To transport Model S, follow theinstructions exactly as described next.

Disable Self-Leveling (airsuspension vehicles only)If Model S is equipped with Smart AirSuspension, it automatically self-levels, evenwhen power is off. To prevent damage, youmust activate Jack mode to disable self-leveling:

1. Touch Controls > Suspension on thetouchscreen.

2. Press the brake pedal, then touch VeryHigh to maximize height.

3. Touch Jack.

When Jack mode is active,Model S displays this indicatorlight on the instrument panel,along with a message telling youthat active suspension isdisabled.

Note: Jack mode cancels when Model S isdriven over 7 km/h.

Warning: Failure to activate Jack mode ona Model S equipped with Smart AirSuspension can result in the vehiclebecoming loose during transport, whichmay cause significant damage.

Activate Tow ModeModel S may automatically shift into Parkwhen it detects the driver leaving the vehicle,even if it has previously been shifted intoNeutral. To keep Model S in Neutral (whichdisengages the parking brake), you must usethe touchscreen to activate Tow mode:

1. Shift into Park.2. Press the brake pedal, then on the

touchscreen, touch Controls > Settings >Service & Reset > Tow Mode.

When Tow mode is active, Model Sdisplays this indicator light on theinstrument panel, along with amessage telling you that Model S isfree-rolling.

Note: Tow mode cancels when Model S isshifted into Park.

Caution: If the electrical system is notworking, and you therefore cannot releasethe electric parking brake, attempt toquick start the 12V battery. Forinstructions, call Tesla. If a situationoccurs where you cannot disengage theparking brake, use tire skids or transportModel S for the shortest possible distanceusing wheeled dollies. Before doing so,always check the dolly manufacturer’sspecifications and recommended loadcapacity.

Instructions for Transporters

Roadside Assistance 161

Connect the Towing Eye1. Locate the towing eye in the front trunk.2. Remove the tow hook cover by inserting a

small flat screwdriver into the slot locatedalong the top of the cover, then pryinggently to release the cover from the topsnap.

3. Insert the towing eye.

Fully insert the towing eye into theopening on the right side, then turn itcounter-clockwise until securely fastened.

4. Attach the winch cable to the towing eye.

Caution: Before pulling, make sure thetowing eye is securely tightened.

Pull Onto the Trailer and Secure theWheelsSecure wheels using the eight-point tie-downmethod with basket straps or tie-down straps:

• Ensure any metal parts on the tie-downstraps do not contact painted surfaces orthe face of the wheels.

• Do not place tie-down straps over bodypanels or through the wheels.

Caution: Attaching tie-down straps to thechassis, suspension or other parts of thevehicle's body may cause damage.

Caution: To prevent damage, do nottransport Model S with the tires directlyon the ground.

Instructions for Transporters


IllustrationsIllustrations are provided for demonstrationpurposes only. Depending on vehicle options,software version, region of purchase, andspecific vehicle settings, your Model S mayappear slightly different.

Although the owner information is applicableto both right-hand drive and left-hand drivevehicles, many illustrations show only left-hand drive vehicles. However, the essentialinformation that the illustrations are providingis correct.

Errors or InaccuraciesAll specifications and descriptions are knownto be accurate at time of publishing. However,because continuous improvement is a goal atTesla, we reserve the right to make productmodifications at any time. To communicateany inaccuracies or omissions, or to providegeneral feedback or suggestions regarding thequality of this owner information, send anemail to:

[email protected]

Location of ComponentsThe owner information may specify thelocation of a component as being on the leftor right side of the vehicle. As shown here, left(1) and right (2) represent the side of thevehicle when sitting inside Model S in a front-facing seat.

Document ApplicabilityOwner information is updated on a regularbasis to reflect updates to your Model S.However, in some cases, recently releasedfeatures may not be described. To displayinformation about recently released features,view the Release Notes on the Model Stouchscreen. Release Notes are displayed onthe touchscreen after a software update, andcan be displayed at any time by touching theTesla "T" at the top center of the touchscreen,then touching the Release Notes link. Ifinformation related to how to use the Model Stouchscreen conflicts with information in theRelease Notes, the Release Notes takeprecedence.

About this Owner Information

Consumer Information 163

Copyrights and TrademarksAll information in this document and allModel S® software is subject to copyright andother intellectual property rights of TeslaMotors, Inc. and its licensors. This materialmay not be modified, reproduced or copied, inwhole or in part, without the prior writtenpermission of Tesla Motors, Inc. and itslicensors. Additional information is availableupon request. Tesla uses software created bythe Open Source community. Please visitTesla’s Open Source software website atwww.teslamotors.com/opensource. Thefollowing are trademarks or registeredtrademarks of Tesla Motors, Inc. in the UnitedStates and other countries:

All other trademarks contained in thisdocument are the property of their respectiveowners and their use herein does not implysponsorship or endorsement of their productsor services. The unauthorized use of anytrademark displayed in this document or onthe vehicle is strictly prohibited.

About this Owner Information


Vehicle Telematics/Data RecordersThis vehicle is equipped with electronicmodules that monitor and record data fromvarious vehicle systems, including the motor,Battery, braking and electrical systems. Theelectronic modules record information aboutvarious driving and vehicle conditions,including braking, acceleration, trip and otherrelated information regarding your vehicle.These modules also record information aboutthe vehicle’s features such as charging eventsand status, the enabling/disabling of varioussystems, diagnostic trouble codes, VIN, speed,direction and location.

The data is stored by the vehicle and may beaccessed, used and stored by Tesla servicetechnicians during vehicle servicing orperiodically transmitted to Tesla wirelesslythrough the vehicle’s telematics system. Thisdata may be used by Tesla for variouspurposes, including, but not limited to:providing you with Tesla telematics services;troubleshooting; evaluation of your vehicle’squality, functionality and performance;analysis and research by Tesla and its partnersfor the improvement and design of ourvehicles and systems; and as otherwise maybe required by law. In servicing your vehicle,we can potentially resolve issues remotelysimply by reviewing your vehicle’s data log.

Tesla’s telematics system wirelessly transmitsvehicle information to Tesla on a periodicbasis. The data is used as described above andhelps ensure the proper maintenance of yourvehicle. Additional Model S features may useyour vehicle’s telematics system and theinformation provided, including features suchas charging reminders, software updates, andremote access to, and control of, varioussystems of your vehicle.

Tesla does not disclose the data recorded inyour vehicle to any third party except when:

• An agreement or consent from thevehicle’s owner (or the leasing companyfor a leased vehicle) is obtained.

• Officially requested by the police or otherauthorities.

• Used as a defense for Tesla in a lawsuit.• Ordered by a court of law.• Used for research purposes without

disclosing details of the vehicle owner oridentification information.

• Disclosed to a Tesla affiliated company,including their successors or assigns, orour information systems and datamanagement providers.

In addition, Tesla does not disclose the datarecorded to an owner unless it pertains to anon-warranty repair service and in this case,will disclose only the data that is related to therepair.

Quality ControlYou might notice a few km on the odometerwhen you take delivery of your Model S. This isa result of a comprehensive testing processthat ensures the quality of your Model S.

The testing process includes extensiveinspections during and after production. Thefinal inspection takes place at Tesla Motorsand includes a road test conducted by atechnician.

Disclaimers


Contacting TeslaFor detailed information about your Model S,go to www.teslamotors.com, click theMY TESLA link, then enter your logincredentials (or sign up to get thesecredentials).

If you have any questions or concerns aboutyour Model S, call Tesla. To find the number foryour region, go to www.teslamotors.com, thenview contact information.

Note: You can also use voice commands toprovide feedback to Tesla. Say "Note","Report", "Bug note", or "Bug report" followedby your brief comments. Model S takes asnapshot of its systems, including screencaptures of the touchscreen and instrumentpanel. Tesla periodically reviews these notesand uses them to continue improving Model S.For details, refer to the Owner's Manual. See Using Voice Commands on page 35.

Reporting Safety Defects


https://www.teslamotors.com/en_AU

https://www.teslamotors.com/en_AU

Key and Passive Unlocking System

FCC Certification

ModelNumber

Mfr MHz TestedFor

A-0749G02 Pektron 315 USA

Canada

Taiwan

The devices listed above comply with Part 15of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to thefollowing two conditions:

1. This device may not cause harmfulinterference, and

2. This device must accept any interferencereceived, including interference that maycause undesired operation.

Changes or modifications not expresslyapproved by Tesla could void the user'sauthority to operate the equipment.

IC Certification

The following device is used in vehicles inCanada:

• Keyfob Model Number: A-0749G02(315 MHz)

• Keyfob Manufacturer: Pektron

Per IC 10176A-002, this device complies withIndustry Canada licence-exempt RSSstandard(s). Operation is subject to thefollowing two conditions:



MIC Certification

ModelNumber

Mfr MHz TestedFor

A-0749G04 Pektron 315 Japan

CE Certification

Model # Mfr MHz TestedFor

A-0749G01 Pektron 433 Europe

Australia

NewZealand

Singapore

Malaysia

A-0749G05 Pektron 433 China

HongKong

The devices listed above comply with CEstandards. Operation is subject to thefollowing two conditions:




NCC Certification

• Keyfob Model Numbers: A-0749G01(433 MHz) and A-0749G02 (315 MHz)

• Keyfob Manufacturer: Pektron

According to NCC low-power radio waveradiation rate of motor managementmeasures:

Article XII of the type certified by the lowpower radio, non-licensed, company, firm oruser is not allowed to change the frequency,increase the power or change thecharacteristics of the original design andfunction.

Declarations of Conformity


Article XIV: The use of low-power radio-frequency devices shall not influence aircraftsecurity and interfere with legalcommunications; interference phenomenondiscovered over time, should be immediatelysuspended, and improved to no interferencebefore use can continue. Legalcommunications, referring to the provisions ofthe Telecommunications Act of radiocommunications operations. Low-power radiocommunications shall tolerate radio waveinterference from radiated devices, legal orindustrial, scientific and medical.

Device Approval - Australia

Media Control Unit

Device Approval - Australia

Tire Pressure Monitoring SystemFCC IDs: TZSTPMS201, Z9F-201FS43X

IC ID: 11852A-201FS4X

The tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS)complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules andRSS-210 of Industry Canada. Operation issubject to the following two conditions:




Radio Frequency InformationThis equipment has been tested and found tocomply with the limits for a Class B digitaldevice, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.These limits are designed to providereasonable protection against harmfulinterference in a residential installation. Thisequipment generates, uses and can radiateradio frequency energy and, if not installedand used in accordance with the instructions,may cause harmful interference to radiocommunications. However, there is noguarantee that interference will not occur in aparticular installation. If this equipment doescause harmful interference to radio ortelevision reception, which can be determinedby turning the equipment off and on, the useris encouraged to try to correct theinterference by one or more of the followingmeasures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.• Increase the separation between the

equipment and receiver.• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a

circuit different from that to which thereceiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experiencedradio/TV technician for help.

Declarations of Conformity


AABS (Anti-lock Braking System) 51Acceleration (dual-motor) 90access panel, removing 144accessories

installing 148plugging into power socket 106

adaptive headlights 48air circulation 98air conditioning 97air distribution 98air filter 100air suspension 102air vents 100airbag, front passenger, disabling 30airbags 28alarm 115all-season tires 132always connected, setting 59anti-lock braking (ABS) 51audio

playing files 103steering wheel buttons 34volume control 103

Auto High Beam 48Auto Lane Change 73auto-raising suspension 101automatic emergency braking 81Autopark 75Autopilot 62Autosteer 70average range 59

Bbackup camera 61battery (12V)

complete discharge 121specifications 155

Battery (high voltage)care of 121coolant 144specifications 156temperature limits 121

battery (key), replacing 5blind spot warning 79Bluetooth

devices, playing audio files from 105general information 107phone, pairing and using 107

body repairs 148body touch up 141brake fluid replacement 128brakes

automatic in emergencies 81fluid level 145overview of 51

brakes (continued)specifications 155

brightness of displays 93

CCabin Overheat Protection setting 93cabin temperature control 97Calendar app 113camera (rear view) 61car cover 141car washes 139cargo volume 153carpets, cleaning 140CE certifications 167CHAdeMO 120chains 132change of ownership 96charge port 122charge port light 125charging

charge settings 126components and equipment 119instructions 122public charging stations 120scheduling 126status of 127

charging locations, finding 110child protection

disabling liftgate and rear door handles 7disabling rear window switches 9

child seatsdisabling front passenger airbag 30installing and using 22

cleaning 139climate controls 97Cold Weather controls 90collision avoidance assist 81console

12V power socket 106cup holders 16USB ports 106

consumption chart 59contact information

roadside assistance 160coolant

Battery, checking level of 144Battery, replacement interval 128

copyrights 163, 164Creep 90cruise control 64cup holders 16

Ddashboard overview 2data recording 165

Index

Index 169

day mode 93declarations of conformity 167delivery mileage 165devices

Bluetooth, playing audio files 105connecting 106playing audio files from 105

dimensions 152display brightness 93dome (map) lights 45door handles 6door labels 150Door Unlock Mode 6doors 4doors, opening 4Drive gear 39drive-away locking 7driver

profiles 32seat adjustment 17

driver assistanceAuto Lane Change 73automatic emergency braking 81Autopark 75Autosteer 70blind spot warning 79collision avoidance assist 81forward collision warning 81overtake acceleration 64overview 62settings for 93side collision avoidance 79side collision warning 79staying inside lane markings 79Traffic-Aware Cruise Control 64

drivingseating position 17starting 38tips to maximize range 59

Eelectric parking brake 52emergency flashers 49emergency rear door opening 8energy

gained from regenerative braking 52range information 40

energy & charging setting 93Energy app 59energy saving mode 59Erase & Reset 96event data recording 165exterior

car cover 141cleaning 139dimensions 152lights 45

exterior (continued)overview 3polishing, touch up, & repair 141

Ffactory defaults, restoring 96factory reset 96fan speed, interior 98favorite destinations 111Favorites 109Favorites (Media Player) 105FCC certifications 167features, downloading new 117ferries, avoiding 110firmware (software) updates 117flash drives, playing audio files from 105flashers, warning 49flat tire repair 135floor mats 141fluids

replacement intervals 128reservoirs, checking 144

fog lights 45forward collision warning 81front passenger detection 30front trunk 12

GGAWR 150gears 39glove box 14Gross Axle Weight Rating 150Gross Vehicle Weight Rating 150ground clearance 152GVWR 150

Hhazard warning flashers 49head supports 18headlights

adaptive 48after exit 48high beams 48

heated wipers 50heating 97height adjustments (suspension)

auto-raising 101automatic and manual settings 102disabling (Jack mode) 102

high beam headlights 48high voltage

Battery specifications 156components 119

Index


high voltage (continued)safety 128

hills, stopping on 56hitches 151Home location 111hood 12horn 34, 36

IIC certifications 167identification labels 149Insane setting (dual-motor) 90instant range 59instrument panel

charging status 127cleaning 140overview of 40

interiorcleaning 140dimensions 152lights 45overview 2temperature control 97

Internet radio 104intrusion detection 115ISOFIX child seats, installing 26

JJ1772 120Jack mode 102jacking 147

Kkey

FCC and IC certifications 167how to use 4key not inside 38ordering extras 5replacing battery 5

keyless entry 4

Llabel

Statutory Plate 150Tire and Loading Information 150

lane assist 79lane change flash 49lane change, automatic 73lane departure warning 79language setting 93Launch Mode 57

liftgateadjust opening height 10opening 10

lifting 147lights

adaptive headlights 48hazard warning 49headlights after exit 48turn signals 49

load limits 150location-based suspension 101locking and unlocking doors 4Ludicrous setting (dual-motor) 90lumbar support 17

Mmaintenance

brake fluid, checking 145cleaning 139daily and monthly checks 128fluid replacement intervals 128panel, removing 144replacing wiper blades 142service intervals 128tires 129washer fluid, topping up 146washer jets, cleaning 142

map updates 112maps 109mats 141Max Battery Power 90media 103mileage upon delivery 165mirrors 37mobile app 118Mobile Connector

description 120using 122

modifications 148motor specifications 154

Nnaming 95navigation 109NCC certifications 167Neutral gear 39night mode 93nose cone, removing 162

Oodometer 58overhang dimensions 152overtake acceleration 64

Index

Index 171

Owner Information, about 163, 164

PPark Assist 54Park gear 39parking brake 52parking, automatic 75parts replacement 148personal data, erasing 96phone

steering wheel buttons 35using 107

PIN 32power management 59power socket 106power windows 9powering on and off 38Preconditioning 93preferences, setting 93public charging stations 120

Rradar 62radio 103Radio Frequency information 167rain sensor 50range

displayed on instrument panel 40driving tips to maximize 59regenerative braking 52

range assurance 59Range mode 59Range Mode 90Rated range 93re-routing 110rear seats, folding and raising 18rear view camera 61rear window switches, disabling 9Recent (Media Player) 105Recents 109regenerative braking 52region format 93release notes 117Reverse gear 39RFID transponders 148roadside assistance 160roof racks 151rotating tires 130route overview 110

Ssafety information

airbags 31

safety information (continued)child seats 27seat belts 21

seat beltscleaning 140in a collision 20overview of 19pre-tensioners 20wearing when pregnant 19

seat covers 18seat heaters 97seating capacity 150seats

adjusting 17heaters 97

security settings 115sensors 62service data recording 165service intervals 128Settings 93Settings, erasing 96shifting gears 39Show Commute Advice 110side collision avoidance 79side collision warning 79slip start 53Smart Preconditioning 93software reset 96software updates 117specifications

cargo volume 153dimensions 152exterior 152interior 152motor 154subsystems 154tires 157weights 153wheels 157

stability control 53starting 38Statutory Plate 150steering specifications 154steering wheel

adjusting position 34adjusting sensitivity 34buttons 34heated 34scroll bars 34

steering, automatic 70summer tires 132Summon 75sunroof 15suspension 102suspension specifications 155

Index


Ttelematics 165temperature

Battery (high voltage), limits 121cabin, controls for 97heated steering wheel 36outside 40

tie-down straps 162tilt detection 115Tire and Loading Information label 150tire noise 132Tire Pressure Monitoring System

FCC certification 168overview of 133

tire pressures, checking 129tire repair kit

inflating with air only 137inflating with sealant 136replacing the sealant canister 138

tiresall-season 132balancing 130chains 132inspecting and maintaining 130pressures, how to check 129replacing 131replacing a tire sensor 133rotation 130specification 157summer 132tire markings 158tire sealant 135winter 132

toll system transponders, attaching 148tolls, avoiding 110torque specifications 154touch up body 141touchscreen

clean mode 140cleaning 140Controls 90overview 86Settings 93software updates 117

Tow mode 161towing 161towing a trailer 151towing eye, locating 162towing instructions 161TPMS

FCC certification 168overview of 133

traction control 53trademarks 163, 164Traffic-Aware Cruise Control 64Traffic-Based Routing 110trailer hitches 151transmission specifications 154

transponders, attaching 148transporting 161trip chart 59trip meter 58trip overview 110trip planner 110trunk, front 12trunk, rear

child protection lock 7disabling interior handle 7

TuneIn radio 104turn signals 49Typical range 93

Uultrasonic sensors 62Units & Format 93Unlock on Park 4unlocking

trunk, front 12trunk, rear 10

unlocking and locking doors 4unlocking when key doesn't work 7USB devices

connecting 106playing audio files from 105

USB ports 106

VValet Mode 32Vehicle Hold 56Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) 149vehicle loading 150vent, sunroof 15ventilation 100VIN (Vehicle Identification Number) 149voice commands 34volume control 86volume control (media) 103

Wwalk-away locking 7Wall Connector 120warning flashers 49washer fluid, topping up 146washer jets, cleaning 142washers, using 50weight specifications 153wheel chocks 162wheels

alignment 130replacing 131specifications 157

Index

Index 173

Wi-Fi, connecting to 116windshield washer fluid, topping up 146winter tires 132wiper blades, replacing 142wipers and washers 50wipers, de-icing 50Work location 111

Index


Documents

Model S Owner's Manual | Tesla - University of Queensland · 1. Exterior lights (Lights on page 45) 2. Door handles (Using Exterior Door Handles on page 6) 3. Sunroof (optional) (Sunroof