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The New York Times
Thomas Bassett
Andrea Marpillero-Colomina
Mobility Networks in the Americas:
Local Politics and Cultural Paradigms
Tuesdays at APA - Chicago
March 13, 2012
ECPA
Energy and
Climate
Partnership of the
Americas
http://ecpaplanning.org/
http://ecpaplanning.ning.com/
MOBILITY ISSUES
IN THE AMERICAS
rapid urbanization » no
infrastructure planning
no public investment in
mobility infrastructure
corruption
The City Fix
METHODOLOGY
in-depth interviews
historical research
examination of statistical
data
INTERVIEWS
planners government academics bus operators
officials
HISTORICAL RESEARCH
political urban transit socio-cultural
DATA
population ridership impacts approval
Bogotá - 2000
population ≈ 8 million
vehicle trips per day -
10 million
BOGOTA - 2000
Population = 8 million
10 million vehicle trips
per day
6 million of these on
public transport
ITDP
ITDP
TRANSMILENIO
two part system
segregated trunk lines
free feeder buses
Phase I
Phase II
Feeder Routes
Source: ITDP
FEEDER BUSES
access to informal
settlements
poor road infrastructure
smaller buses navigate
easily
ITDP
FINANCING
government builds
infrastructure
operations privately
contracted
operational costs covered
entirely by fare collection
max 70% national government
(World Bank Loan)
30%+ local government
50% Municipal gas tax
trunk corridors
stations
pedestrian bridges
public space
main stations and depots
control center
BRT expanded to other
large cities
funding structure:
- 70% national
government
- 30% local government
EXPANSION
Megabús
assumes 46% of transit
demand
PEREIRA - 2006
Dosquebradas
Cuba
Pereira
interchanges
stations
feeder bus trunk bus
Megabus SA
Photos: Megabus SA
IMPROVEMENTS
design for 1 way streets
sank utility lines
run-off mitigation
tie-in beautification
PEREIRA
TERMINUS
roof is public space
community gathering
spot
supports local
commerce
encourages mobility
Mio
assumes 94% of transit
demand
connection planned to
cable car system
CALI - 2009
METROCALI, SA
METROCALI, SA
METROCALI, SA
NYC MTA
“Select Bus Service” –
2008 pilot
two phases currently
operational
partial implementation
of BRT
NEW YORK - 2008
population = 6 million
military dictatorship until
1990
neoliberal development
policies
complex national
government structure
SANTIAGO, CHILE
Roadlesstravelled.com
created to regulate
buses, formalize system
modeled after
Transmilenio
SANTIAGO - 2007
Volvo - Chile
Rebellioncorp
national initiative
(Ministry of Transport)
operated by privately
contracted companies
police enforcement
STRUCTURE
1. National Ministry of Transport
stations, street infrastructure
2 . privately contracted companies
own buses, organize / run routes
3. national police
enforce traffic laws
no city government
decentralized power
competing / conflicting
interests
GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE
Newworldencyclopedia.com
drivers given monthly
salary
integration with subway
reduction in congestion
improved over time
TRANSANTIAGO
Plataformaurbana.cl
All visuals in this presentation are the work of the presenters unless otherwise indicated.
ITDP
THANK YOU! [email protected]