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Mobility & e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Thailand Mobility & e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand At: The International e-Learning onference 2011 (IEC2011); January 13, 2011 @ IMACT, Muang Thong, Nonthaburi, Thailand
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The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011)
January 13, 2011 @ IMACT, Muang Thong, Nonthaburi, Thailand
V. Duangchinda, Y. H. Kim, and K. Mekhabunchakij
Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011
Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011) 2 of 26 ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand
Vorasuang Duangchinda (Michael) Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand; [email protected] Prof. YoungHwan Kim, Ph.D.
Department of Education, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; [email protected] Kittima Mekhabunchakij, Ph.D.
Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand; [email protected]
Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011
Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011) 3 of 26 ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand
1) Holistic Systemic Approach for the Sustainable Development and Inclusive Growth of APEC Future Education: Higher Education: Policy, ICT & Systemic Change - Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Through the Perspectives of Thailand Cyber University Project (TCU), The 6th APEC Future Education Forum & The 8th International ALCoB Conference, 2010, pp. 131-142.
2) Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Through the Perspectives of Thailand Cyber University Project (TCU), Asia-Pacific Cybereducation Journal, vol. 6., no. 1 (2010), pp. 30-49. Also available online at: http://acecjournal.org/2009/Journal_Data/Vol6No1/6-1-3.pdf
Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011
Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011) 4 of 26 ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand
Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011
Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011) 5 of 26 ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand
Glossary| Thailand Cyber University (TCU) • Founded in 2005 by Office of The Higher Education
Commission, Ministry of Education, Thailand to be the central body of cooperative activities among universities to promote and support online distance education (e-Learning) in Thailand.
• Honorable Mentions for the 2009 UNESCO King Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa Prize for the Use of ICTs in Education as over 13,000 education professionals from 76 institutes have been trained.
Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011
Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011) 6 of 26 ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand
Glossary| Mobility
• Ability to access and participate in teaching and learning content while moving via wireless network.
• Mobility in this research focuses on practical use of portable devices such as mobile phones (including smartphones), PDAs, and Portable media players such as MP3 and Mp4 players (including iPAD), while larger devices such as laptops or notebooks or tablet pcs are excluded for the Operational Definition of Mobility for this research.
Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011
Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011) 7 of 26 ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand
Glossary| Integrative Delivery Method (IDM)
• One of four Program Delivery Methods in Extension Education. IDM gives opportunities for learners to discuss, clarify, or to gain better understanding of the study content, and therefore effective learning can take place.
• IDM consists of a set of 22 Delivery Modes.
Program Delivery Methods in Extension Education - Integrative Methods Delivery Modes
1. Conference
Meetings of small or large group
of people within same interest
for formal presentations to the
entire group.
7. Symposium
Assembly that small number of
experts making short presentation
to audiences.
13. Brainstorming
A turn-based discussion.
19. Computer network
Linkage of 3 or more computers
connected for members to share
ideas or exchange information.
2. Convention
Assembly of a large number of
people with similar interests,
which may be more than one
group at a time.
8. Colloquy
Gathering of experts to discuss in
front of audiences who may ask
questions until the issue is
resolved.
14. Audience reaction team
A group of 3 selected members to respond
to specific information.
20. Satellite conferencing
Teleconferencing via cable or
satellite.
3. Seminar
Meetings of group with specific
subject led by a recognized body.
9. Dialogue
Discussion of 2 persons in front
of audiences.
15. Listening team
A pre-presentation process where a few
audiences are invited to preview the
presentation and suggest how the
presentation should be.
21. Personal visit
Face to face exchange of
information at least 2 persons
usually at the location of persons
receiving the information.
4. Panel
Discussions within small group
of knowledgeable members of
exchange of ideas without
formal presentation.
10. Institute
Series of in-depth presentation
for those who share common
interest.
16. Interview
Face to face meeting for exchanging facts.
22. Office visit
Face to face exchange of
information at least 2 persons
usually at the location of persons
providing the information.
5. Forum
Group discussion that allows
members to participate during a
period of time.
11. Buzz group
Discussion between 5-8 persons
for topic raised by larger group
assembly.
17. Teleconference
3 or more persons at different locations
engaged in audio or video discussion
through electronic means.
modified from
Richardson, Jenkins,
& Crickenberger, 1994
6. Meeting
Group of people meet together
for common purpose.
12. Discussion group
Informal gathering for discussing
a topic of mutual concern.
18. Telephone conversation
Voice Communication between two
people who are at different places through
electronic means.
8 of 26
Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011
Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011) 9 of 26 ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand
Motivation
• There are many ways of delivering e-Learning content. Impact of applying Mobility into the 22 modes of IDM based on a group of lecturers around Thailand at Higher Education level should be considered.
Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011
Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011) 10 of 26 ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand
Endorsement and Survey Support| TCU
• This study receives permission from TCU to survey their members who are lecturers at Higher Education level throughout Thailand.
• A web-based questionnaire was sent by TCU to all registered members at Higher Education level, and to the nine TCU regional hub Universities around the country; to capture expert’s choices and opinions in relation to the IDM and application of Mobility.
Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011
Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011) 11 of 26 ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand
The Survey| 4 Parts
1. Demographic and general information.
2. Experience on each of the 22 IDM modes and believe in application of Mobility in each mode.
3. Confirmation of findings in previous study.
4. Confirmation of definition of the 22 IDM modes as influenced by Social Media.
Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011
Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011) 12 of 26 ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand
• Part 1: 118 Participants
58, 49% 60, 51%
Survey Responders: By Gender
Male FemaleQuestion
Part 1
29, 25% 73, 62%
16, 13%
Survey Responders: Level of Education
Bachelor Degree
Masters' Degree
Doctorate
20 14
20 23
7 6 8 5 3 3 2
7
43
9
16 12
5
15 4 3 3 2 2 4
0
10
20
30
40
50
< 1
Ye
ar
1 Y
ear
2 Y
ear
3 Y
ear
4 Y
ear
5 Y
ear
6 Y
ear
7 Y
ear
8 Y
ear
9 Y
ear
10
Yea
r
> 1
0 Y
ear
Survey Responders: Years of experience in e-Learning
As Educator As Learner
0
1
18
22
30
15
12
15
3
2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
< 20yr
20yr - 25yr
26yr - 30yr
31yr - 35yr
36yr - 40yr
41yr - 45yr
46yr - 50yr
51yr - 55yr
56yr - 60yr
> 60yr
Survey Responders: Age Groups 13 of 26 Question Part 1
19. Computer…
5. Forum
12. Discussion Group
6. Meeting
13. Brainstorming
3. Seminar
1. Conference
16. Interview
9. Dialogue
21. Personal visit
11. Buzz group
2. Convention
4. Panel
15. Listening team
10. Institute
18. Telephone…
22. Office visit
7. Symposium
17. Teleconferencing
14. Audience…
20. Satellite…
8. Colloquy
How Many Responders Have Used Each Mode of IDM
in e-Learning?*
6. Meeting
19. Computer network
3. Seminar
12. Discussion Group
13. Brainstorming
5. Forum
1. Conference
16. Interview
21. Personal visit
4. Panel
22. Office visit
2. Convention
11. Buzz group
18. Telephone…
7. Symposium
9. Dialogue
15. Listening team
10. Institute
17. Teleconferencing
14. Audience reaction…
20. Satellite…
8. Colloquy
How Many Responders Have Used Each Mode of IDM
in Traditional Education?*
* Display in Percentage 14 of 26 Question Part 2
IDM Modes
% of Responders and their Experience
Traditional Education e-Learning
Have Used Haven't Use Have Used Haven't Use
1. Conference 52.54 47.46 38.14 61.86
2. Convention 39.83 60.17 24.58 75.42
3. Seminar 69.49 30.51 38.98 61.02
4. Panel 42.37 57.63 23.73 76.27
5. Forum 53.39 46.61 56.78 43.22
6. Meeting 72.88 27.12 51.69 48.31
7. Symposium 36.44 63.56 18.64 81.36
8. Colloquy 18.64 81.36 7.63 92.37
9. Dialogue 35.59 64.41 26.27 73.73
10. Institute 28.81 71.19 20.34 79.66
11. Buzz group 39.83 60.17 25.42 74.58
12. Discussion Group 68.64 31.36 56.78 43.22
13. Brainstorming 68.64 31.36 48.31 51.69
14. Audience reaction team 21.19 78.81 13.56 86.44
15. Listening team 33.90 66.10 22.88 77.12
16. Interview 48.31 51.69 31.36 68.64
17. Teleconferencing 25.42 74.58 16.10 83.90
18. Telephone conversation 37.29 62.71 19.49 80.51
19. Computer network 72.03 27.97 60.17 39.83
20. Satellite conferencing 19.49 80.51 11.86 88.14
21. Personal visit 46.61 53.39 26.27 73.73
22. Office visit 41.53 58.47 19.49 80.51
Question Part 2
Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011
Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011) 16 of 26 ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand
IDM Modes that responders have used most
Traditional Education e-Learning
Gap % have used
Rank % have
used Rank
1. Conference 52.54 6 38.14 6 14.4
3. Seminar 69.49 3 38.98 5 30.51
5. Forum 53.39 5 56.78 2*tie -3.39
6. Meeting 72.88 1 51.69 3 21.19
12. Discussion Group 68.64 4*tie 56.78 2*tie 11.86
13. Brainstorming 68.64 4*tie 48.31 4 20.33
19. Computer network 72.03 2 60.17 1 11.86
Responders’ Experience with the Modes of IDM
Question Part 2
Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011
Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011) 17 of 26 ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand
Top 5 Primary IDM Modes
that the e-Pro Teachers
have used
% of the e-Pro teachers who have used the
mode
% from 118 responders in this study
Gap
Discussion group
100 56.78 43.22
Brainstorming 86 48.31 37.69
Seminar 64 38.98 25.02
Telephone conversation
64 19.49 44.51
Conference 57 38.4 18.6
Top 5 Primary IDM Modes
that the 118 responders
have used
% of the 118 responders
who have used the mode
% from e-Pro
teachers
Gap
Computer network
60.17 36 24.17
Forum 56.78 43 13.78
Discussion Group
56.78 100 -43.22
Meeting 51.69 43 8.69
Brainstorming 48.31 86 -37.69
Comparison of the Five Modes of IDM that have been primarily used
Question Part 2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1. Conference
2. Convention
3. Seminar
4. Panel
5. Forum
6. Meeting
7. Symposium
8. Colloquy
9. Dialogue
10. Institute
11. Buzz group
12. Discussion Group
13. Brainstorming
14. Audience reaction team
15. Listening team
16. Interview
17. Teleconferencing
18. Telephone conversation
19. Computer network
20. Satellite conferencing
21. Personal visit
22. Office visit
How Significance will the Application of Mobility improve Educational Opportunities in e-Learning?
High Significance Significance Average Some Significance Low Significance 18 of 26
Question Part 2
-2
18
38
58
78
98
118
19. Computer network
6. Meeting
17. Teleconferencing
13. Brainstorming
5. Forum
20. Satellite conferencing
How Significance will the Application of Mobility Improve Educational Opportunities in e-Learning?:
Five Most Significance IDM - High Significance VS. Average
Significance Average
Computer Network 67-9 = 58
Meeting 42-18 = 24
Teleconferencing 42-20 = 22
Brainstorming 41-17 = 24
Forum 40-28 = 12
Satellite Conferencing 40-23 = 17
GAP
19 of 26
Question Part 2
48
26
23 22
14
35 36
25 24
16 16
26
37
23
17
9
18
26 27
23
10 12
7
22
48
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Discussion Group Forum Brain Storming Conference Buzz Group
Delivery Modes in order of significance for improving Educational Opportunities in e-Learning
1st Rank 2nd Rank 3rd Rank 4th Rank 5th Rank Linear (1st Rank)
20 of 26
Question Part 3
22 Modes of IDM
Percentage of Approval for Current Definition of each Mode of IDM
(Highest to Lowest) 5. Forum 97.46
8. Colloquy 97.46
15. Listening team 97.46
10. Institute 96.61
11. Buzz group 96.61
21. Personal visit 96.61
22. Office visit 96.61
4. Panel 95.76
9. Dialogue 95.76
13. Brainstorming 95.76
14. Audience reaction team 95.76
17. Teleconferencing 95.76
19. Computer network 95.76
20. Satellite conferencing 95.76
12. Discussion Group 94.92
1. Conference 94.07
16. Interview 94.07
18. Telephone conversation 94.07
2. Convention 93.22
6. Meeting 93.22
7. Symposium 93.22
3. Seminar 91.53 21 of 26
Question Part 4
Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011
Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011) 22 of 26 ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand
Correlations| Pearson Chi-Square (significance level of a = .05)
1. Gender is significantly associated with application of Mobility to IDM.
2. Age is significantly associated with application of Mobility to IDM.
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
60.622(a) 42 0.031
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
415.255(a) 336 .002
97%
98%
Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011
Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011) 23 of 26 ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand
Correlations| Pearson Chi-Square (significance level of a = .05)
3. Age is significantly associated with Approval of Current Definition of IDM.
4. Experience in e-Learning as a Learner is significantly associated with Approval of Current Definition of IDM.
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
95.323(a) 72 .034
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
164.073(a) 99 .000
97%
100%
Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011
Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011) 24 of 26 ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand
Correlations| Pearson Chi-Square (significance level of a = .05)
5. Experience in e-Learning as an Educator is significantly associated with Approval of Current Definition of IDM.
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
195.084(a) 99 .000
100%
Mobility and e-Learning Delivery Methods: Perspectives from Higher Education of Thailand @ The International e-Learning Conference 2011 (IEC2011) - January 13, 2011
Duangchinda, Kim, and Mekhabunchakij (2011) 25 of 26 ISIS: Information Science Institute, Sripatum University, Bangkok, Thailand
1. Most of the lecturers believe in the benefits of integration of Mobility into the delivery method.
2. Gender, Age, and Experience of the lecturers strongly determine the application of the IDM in e-Learning.
3. Approval of current definitions for all 22 modes in IDM when taking Social Media into account.
4. The result is not of the same order as in previous studies.