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Mobile Food Truck Regulation: Developing a Recipe for Success
Jacqueline WilmotFire Protection Engineer, NFPA
Safety Code Council Annual ConferenceJune 1-3 2016
Agenda• What is the market today for food trucks?• What is a Mobile Food Truck or Temporary Cooking operation?• What incidents have occurred?• What are the hazards associated with food trucks?• What is happening in the standards world?
Definition
• Proposed• Mobile or Temporary Cooking. Any cooking facility, apparatus or
equipment, being operated on a one-time or interim basis, or for less than 90 days in the same location, other than at a fixed location, building or structure which has been inspected and permitted under another section of this code, regulation or statute, inclusive of self-propelled trucks and vehicles, trailered units, push carts, equipment located under cover of awnings, canopies or pop-up tents, or other structures for which a building permit has not been issued.
nfpa.org
Mobile Food Trucks
nfpa.org
Source: Maximum/Minimum Food Truck
Source: Westport Flea market
Source: Bloomberg Business Source: California Pizza Kitchen
Source: Double Trouble BBQ
Hazards
• Multiple Propane Cylinders
• Compressed Gases
• High Voltage Electricity
• Hot Fryer Oil
• Grills
Hazards
• Separation
Recent Incidents
15
• National Fire Incident Report System (NFIRS)• Reporting standard for Fire Departments• World’s largest, national, annual database of fire incident info• Database comprises 70% of all reported fires that occur annually• Does not specifically code food truck fires/incidents
NFIRS
Restaurant Fire
Vehicle Fire
Frites N’ Meats• April 2011• NYC• Food Truck Accident• 1 worker hospitalized for burns
and bruises
Source: CBS New York
Recent Incidents
Canadian National Exhibition• August 2012• Toronto• Propane leak• No injuries
Source: CBC News Toronto
Recent Incidents
Fresno Christian High School• September 2013• Fresno, CA• Propane leak• 2 hospitalized, 1 injured
Source: CBS47
Recent Incidents
nfpa.org
Philly Food Truck Explosion• July 2014• Philadelphia, PA• Cylinder Structure• 13 injured, 2 deaths
Source: Fox News - Philadelphia
Recent Incidents
Canadian National ExhibitionWhen: August 2012Where: TorontoEvent: Propane Tank ExplosionResult: 0 injuries
nfpa.org
Source: NBC - Los Angeles
Recent Incidents
Deep Fat Fryer• August 2014• Venice, CA• Deep Fat Fryer• 0 injured
Canadian National ExhibitionWhen: August 2012Where: TorontoEvent: Propane Tank ExplosionResult: 0 injuries
Recent Incidents
nfpa.org
Source: Company Twitter Page
Colfax Avenue Explosion• September 2014• Denver, CO• Propane leak• 1 employee with facial burns
Driveway Explosion• March 2015• Lakeville, MN• Under investigation• 0 injured
Source: CBS Minnesota
Recent Incidents
nfpa.org
El Tacar Food Truck Fire• May 2015• Indianapolis, IN• Refueling generator while
cooking • 4 injured, 2 critical
Source: WTHR.com
Recent Incidents
Canadian National ExhibitionWhen: August 2012Where: TorontoEvent: Propane Tank ExplosionResult: 0 injuries
August 2015
nfpa.org
Miami Dade• August 27, 2015• Explosion
Source: News Online
Canadian National ExhibitionWhen: August 2012Result: 0 injuries
January 2016
nfpa.org
Everett, WA• January 12, 2016• Sinners and Saints Coffee Co.• Propane leak• Mother of 2 killed
Source: The Huffington Post
Canadian National ExhibitionWhen: August 2012Where: TorontoEvent: Propane Tank ExplosionResult: 0 injuries
April 2012
nfpa.org
Coachella, CA• April 21, 2012• Explosion
Source: Youtube Nikkohl Santa Maria
Recent Incidents
Vehicle Accident
6%
Propane Leak67%
Cylinder Structure
7%
Fire13%
Refueling Generators
while cooking7%
Vehicle Accident Propane Leak
Cylinder Structure Fire
Refueling Generators while cooking
Summary of Recent Incidents
53
Regulations Affecting Food Trucks
Health/Planning Department
County and Province Properties
Fire/Police
Business Licenses/ Vendor Permits
54
Regulations Affecting Food Trucks
Health/Planning Department
County and Province Properties
Fire/Police
Business Licenses/ Vendor Permits
Chicago, IL• 1st jurisdiction in the U.S. to develop fire safety requirements for
food trucks (Oct. 2011)• Vehicles equipped with propane or natural gas systems or
generators must be inspected• All vehicles with a gas, diesel or electric generator, propane or
CNG, type I exhaust hood or fire suppression need a fire safety permit
• Applicants with gasoline, diesel, propane, or natural gas must complete a Fire Safety Class
Regulations Affecting Food Trucks
Philadelphia, PA• Applicant for mobile vending permit must disclose all
equipment to be installed in the truck
• Provide details for all power sources used to run ovens, fryers, refrigerators and other appliances
• Inspections conducted for events/festivals
Regulations Affecting Food Trucks
San Antonio, TX• Food truck vendors required to pass a health
inspection and a fire safety inspection on an annual basis
• Fire safety inspection checks– Fire extinguishers– ANSI/UL 300 systems– Grease accumulation– Leaks in the lines of gas systems– Ensure those lines are approved for that use
Regulations Affecting Food Trucks
Calgary, AB• Owners submit plans to Alberta Health Services
before construction. Plans include:– Layout of all equipment– Plumbing– Design and construction details
• Fire Inspection: exhaust systems, automatic/manual suppression, maintenance
• Ventilation System• Parking at night
Regulations Affecting Food Trucks
Edmonton, AB• Third Party Certification of Inspections• Gas/Plumbing Requirements• Ventilation Requirements• Electrical Requirements• Fire Requirements
Regulations Affecting Food Trucks
• Annual 2017 Revision Cycle•1st Draft Meeting in Fall 2015• Created SR • PC Closing Date 5/16/16
Submitted Public Input
• Fall 2016 Revision Cycle• 2nd Draft Meeting April 2016• Created New Annex Chapter• Look for update in August 2016
NFPA 96
NFPA 1, Fire Code
Actions Taken to Close The GapNFPA Codes and Standards Development
NFPA 1, The Fire Code
69
• Addresses all the bases with extracts and references to more than 130 NFPA documents
• Full range of fire and life safety issues
• Extracts from NFPA 58• General safety requirements• Storage, use and handling of
LP-gas.• Markings on propane cylinders
NFPA 96, Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations
70
• Preventative and operative fire safety requirements for public and private commercial cooking operations
• Design, installation, operation, inspection, testing, and maintenance of cooking equipment, hoods, grease removal devices, exhaust ducts systems, fans, suppression systems, and clearance to combustibles
• Section 4.1.9
NFPA 58, LP Gas Code
71
• Industry benchmark for safe LP-Gas storage, handling, transportation, and use
• Design, construction, installation, and operation of LP-Gas systems including piping, equipment, containers, venting, and highway transportation of LP-Gas.
• Container regulations, piping, leak checks, installation, venting atmosphere, transportation
NFPA 1192, Standard on RV’s
72
• Establishes fire and life safety criteria
• Requirements for fuel systems and equipment, and plumbing systems
• Addresses interior finish and textile materials, means of egress, fire detection equipment, vehicular requirements
• Construction, location, capacity, securing of propane containers
• Ventilation and leak testing
Public Input• Permits• Portable Fire Extinguishers• Separation• Tents• Communications
NFPA Codes and Standards Development
• Training• Internal Combustion Power
Supplies• Charcoal/wood burning• LP-Gas
More Information & Best Practiceswww.nfpa.org/foodtrucksafety
Share your expertise!https://community.nfpa.org/groups/food-truck-safety