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MOBILE COMMUNICATION AND
INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES
E-Commerce/M-Commerce Infrastructure – The Internet
http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/CMS/AUT2014/teMCITms/
E-COMMERCE & M-COMMERCE INFRASTRUCTURE
Most of commerce (and e-Commerce) is exchange of information, not goods
The most efficient way to move information (cost per bit) to a large number of destinations is the Internet
Allows point-to-point communication with arbitrary people and companies
The Internet is getting bigger fast
INTERNET HOST COUNT 1991-2003
172,000,000ESTIMATE:300,000,000 hosts by 2005
“Host” computer than can be reached by a URL
INTERNET LEVERAGE BY COUNTRY
Rank Country Users % of Users % of World Leverage
1 U.S. 166M 25.0 4.52 5.55
2 Japan 56M 8.4 2.05 4.20
3 China 46M 7.0 20.97 0.33
4 U.K. 35M 5.3 0.97 5.46
5 Germany 32M 4.8 1.34 3.58
6 S. Korea 26M 3.9 0.78 5.00
7 Italy 20M 3.0 0.93 3.23
8 Russia 18M 2.7 2.34 1.15
9 France 17M 2.6 0.97 2.68
10 Canada 17M 2.6 0.51 5.10
11 Brazil 14M 2.1 2.84 0.74
12 Australia 11M 1.7 0.32 5.31
13 Netherlands 10M 1.5 0.26 5.77
LEVERAGE = % OF INTERNET USERS ÷ % OF WORLD POPULATION
WORLD TOTAL USERS (AUG. 2003): 700,000,000
BANDWIDTH REVIEW
Bit (b) = a unit of information, 0 or 1 10 bits can represent 1024 different messages 20 bits represent > 1 million 30 bits > 1 billion messages
The bandwidth of a communication channel = number of bits per second it transmits
All channels have limited bandwidth
One byte (B) = 8 bits (an octet)
Transmitting 1 MB at 56K bps takes 143 sec.
1 GB = gigabyte takes 40 hours at 7Mbps 19 minutes; at 1 Gbps takes 8 seconds)
Latency = delay from first bit transmitted to first received
BANDWIDTH CHART
A
Bandwidth Technology Application
1 Terabit DWDM Fiber All U.S. phone conversations
10 Gbps OC-192 Metropolitan Area Ethernet (MAE)
2.5 Gbps OC-48 Long-haul Internet backbone
1 Gbps Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet
622 Mbps OC-12, Full-motion HDTV Full-motion HDTV uncompressed
500 Mbps USB 2.0, UWB limit USB 2.0, UWB limit
155 Mbps OC-3, FDDI Internet backbone
1 Gbps Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet
100 Mbps Fast Ethernet Fast Ethernet
50 Mbps 802.11a, Wi-Fi Virtual reality
44.7 Mbps T3 Medical imaging
11 Mbps 802.11b, Wireless LAN 802.11b, Wireless LAN
6.1 Mbps ADSL download Video conferencing, multimedia
2 Mbps 802.11, Bluetooth limit Old wireless LAN
1.44 Mbps T1 Streaming Video
128 Kbps ISDN ISDN
64 Kbps Telephone PCM Voice traffic
56 Kbps Modem Web browsing (slow)
30 bps Human speech Human speech
OPTICAL
COPPER
STRUCTURE OF THE INTERNET
Europe
Japan
Backbone 1
Backbone 2
Backbone 3
Backbone 4, 5, N
Australia
Regional A
Regional B
NAP
NAP
NAP
NAP
SOURCE: CISCO SYSTEMS
Link of IXPs
EUROPEAN INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURE
SOURCE:CYBERGEOGRAPHY.ORG
INTERNET I NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
SOURCE: LAUDON & TRAVER, p. 126
Top-tierISP
MAE east LINXLondon HKIX KIX Korea
SprintlinkCable&Wireless UUnet AT&T
WorldnetVerizon/
GTE Qwest
CA NAPChicago
NAP DC NAP NY NAP
Internet2, Abilene, Interplanetary Internet
Lower tier ISPs
InternetService Providers
NAPs, IXPs,Peering
NetworkServiceProviders(NSP)
GigaPOPs
AdvancedResearchBackbone
Price
ServicesCONNECTING TO THE INTERNET
SOURCE:SAMIRCHATERJEE
PAKISTAN INTERNET EXCHANGE (PIE)
Source: Tariq M. Jadoon & M. Amir Mehmood (PTCL)
Satellite
PIE - LOGICAL DIAGRAM
FIBER OPTICSplastic jacketglass or plastic
claddingfiber core
TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
DENSE WAVE-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (DWDM)
---
1
2
3
N
---
Multiple colors (frequencies) sentthrough the fiber at the same time,more than 100
Each color carries a separate signal
Allows huge bandwidth
OPTICAL FIBER CAPACITY GROWTH
1983-2002
0
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
OC-48 OC-192OC-192, 2l
OC-48, 40lOC-192, 16l
OC-48, 96lOC-192, 32l
OC-192, 48l
OC-192, 80l
OC-192, 128l
1.7 Gb565Mb135Mb
SingleFiber
Capacity(Gigabits/sec)
1 Terabit =
World record ~ 16 terabits per second
FIBER OPTIC LINES IN CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA SOURCE: CYBERGEOGRAPHY.ORG
TELECOM HOTEL
20-751 ECOMMERCE TECHNOLOGY FALL 2003 COPYRIGHT © 2003 MICHAEL I. SHAMOS
SUBMARINE CABLES IN NORTH EAST ASIA
SOURCE: ALCATEL
SUBMARINE CABLES: SOUTH EAST ASIA–MIDDLE EAST–WESTERN EUROPE 3 (SEA-ME-WE 3)
SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA
SUBMARINE CABLES: SOUTH EAST ASIA–MIDDLE EAST–WESTERN EUROPE 4 (SEA-ME-WE 4)
SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA
SUBMARINE CABLES IN NORTH EAST ASIA
AFRICA-ONE SUBMARINE NETWORK
SOURCE: AFRICAONE
PROTOCOLS A
Telstar 10 Satellite Coverage
LORAL SKYNET
dbW = DECIBELSRELATIVE TOONE WATT
EIRP = EFECTIVE RADIATED POWER. = EAST LONGITUDE
BIZARNET SATELLITE COVERAGE
Source: Bizarnet.ro
28
PAKISTAN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH NETWORK (PERN) - SPONSORS
Higher Education Commission
Ministry of IT & Telecomm
Pakistan Telecommunication Ltd (PTCL)
National Telecommunication Corporation (NTC)
Source:Engr. Javed Ali MemonLiaison Officer (PERN)Higher Education Commission (HEC)Islamabad-PakistanEmail:[email protected]
29
PERN CORE NETWORK
Using the Existing Optical Fiber System of PTCL/NTC and IP/ATM backbone of NTC
The network design of PERN consists of three nodal points (PoPs) at Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi
The interconnectivity between Nodal Points is 50 Mbps.
The educational institutions are connected to their respective nodal point by minimum 2Mbps link from the nearest exchange of NTC/PTCL using OFS, DXX , DRS, Radio or VSAT
The 155 Mbps Internet Bandwidth is distributed at three nodal points.
30
DRS DRS
DRS
KarachiCore Router/ATM
IslamabadCore Router/ATM
LahoreCore Router/ATM
LAN SwitchLAN Switch
AccessRouter
DXX DXXOFS
OFNode
University
University
Customer
PERN Architecture
Replica of Kr./Iba
33 Mbps International Bandwidth
DXX DXX OFS
University University
12 Universities
21 Universities
26 Universities
AccessRouter
University
57 Mbps InternationalBandwidth
65 Mbps International Bandwidth
DRS
OFS
50 Mbps
50 Mbps
50 Mbps
ATM/ DXX ( PakCapital)
Clifton Gulshan Maymar Defence KhairpurNawabshah
Qazi Ahmed
SZABIST (2Mb) KIIT ((2Mb) CPSP(3 Mb) QA Engg.Uni. (4Mb)Shah Abdul Latif
(2Mb)
1xE1+2
Quetta- Saryab
1xE1
Quetta Central
C&SC (2Mb)
Univ. of Baluchistan (2Mb)
Tandojam
Jamshoro
Gulistan-e- jouhar
KAP Khi
Sindh Agri Univ. (2Mb)
Sindh University (4 Mb)
NED Univ. (4Mb)
Mehran Univ.(4 Mb)
1xE1
+22xE1
Karachi Univ. (4 Mb)
+22xE1
DEF Com
Hamdarad (3Mb)
FAST (4Mb)
DTU
PNA (2Mb)
+11xE1
+11xE1
1xE1
IBA (2Mb)
HEJ (4Mb)
Agha Khan Univ. (4 Mb)
1xE1
1xE1
+1
+1
Access Router( PakCapital)
1xE1
1xE1
1xE1
+1
UPGRADATION IN PERN CONNECTIVITY FOR SIND & BALOCHISTAN
DXX
DRS
OF
Legend
Planned E1s
SDH
DXX
Hub Exch
Sir Syed UnivGulshan-e- Iqbal
BUITMS (2Mb)
1xE1
Radio
DRS
1xE1Hyderabad
LUMHS (2Mb)
FAST (4Mb) P&SC(2Mb)
ATM/DXX Egerton
UPGRADATION IN PERN CONNECTIVITY FOR LAHORE & PUNJAB
1xE11xE1
RouterRouter
Faisalababad Central
Router
Univ of Agri Faisalabad (3Mb)
DTU
Access Router
+1
Faisal Town
DTU
Race Course
Router
Lahore College for Women(2Mb)
+2
RouterNCA (2Mb)
CTH LahoreRouter
GC (2Mb)
Router
Router
Router
Router
Gulghshat Exch.
BZU Multan (2Mb)
Islamia Uni. (2Mb)Bhawlpur
G.Town
PU (4Mb)
1xE1+1
1xE1
1xE1
UET Lahore (4Mb)
+11xE1
Bhagbhanpura
LUMS(4Mb)
LCCH Exch.
1xE1 +1
DXX
DRS
OF
Legend
SDH
DXX
Lahore School of Ecnomics(2Mb)
Radio
DRS
33
DTU
Access Router(HQ)
TOPI Abotabad
Khyber Exch
Muzafarabad
AJK Uni (2Mb)
Islamic Univ. (2Mb)
ATM/DXX (HQ)
DXX
Univ Arid Agri (2 mb)
S.Town
DXX
Cantt.Rwp
NUST (4 Mb)
FJWU (2Mb)
DXX
F-8
Bahria Univ (2Mb)
Air Univ. (2Mb)
FAST (4Mb)
DXX
I-10
NUML (2Mb)
1xE
1
COMSATS (4Mb)
DTU
DTU
DI Khan
UET Khuzdar (2 Mb)
Qauid-i-azam (2Mb)
UET PSH (4Mb)
PSH Univ. (3Mb)
1xE1
AIOU (3Mb)
1xE1
NWFP Agri(2Mb)
Westridge
DXX
DRS
OF
Legend
VSAT
Planned E1s
UPGRADATION IN PERN CONNECTIVITY FOR ISLAMABAD, AJK & NWFP
DXX
SDH
VSAT
1xE1+1
1xE1+1
+3
1xE1+1
GIK (4Mb)
PMA (2Mb)HEC (4Mb)
UET Taxila (4Mb)
NDC
(2Mb)
PIEAS(3Mb)
Gomal Univ (2 Mb)
IIST (2Mb)
DRS
radio
IP ADDRESSES Machines on the Internet need an addressing scheme (or couldn’t receive packets!)
Each machine has a 32-bit address assigned by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).
In the U.S., American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN)
In Europe, Réseaux IP Européens (RIPE)
Addresses are written in dotted decimal notation:
128 . 2 . 218 . 2
10000000 00000010 11011010 00000010
Current max number of IP addresses = 232 ~ 4,000,000,000
IPV6 Increases # of IP addresses from 232 ≈ 4 billion to 2128 ≈ 1039
Designed for faster routing
Supports Quality of Service (QoS), packet priorities
Allows multiple streams to the same IP address, e.g. audio, video, HTML
DOMAIN NAMES IP addresses are inconvenient to remember 128.2.218.2 v. euro.ecom.cmu.edu (fully qualified)
Domain names are alphanumeric aliases for IP addresses. They form a tree structure of FQDNs:
ROOT
.GOV .COM .MIL .NET .EDU .ORG .IT
CMU PITT MITAMAZON MCKINSEY YAHOO
GSIA CS ECOM HEINZ
WWW YEN EURO DOLLAR PESO
207.237.113.94
128.2.218.2
208.216.182.15
128.2.218.4128.2.16.175
URL: UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR
URL identifies a specific resource on a server in a domain
URL tells what protocol to use to access the resource
URL format:
http://euro.ecom.cmu.edu/program/courses/index.shtml
protocol://domain_name/path_name
URL: TWO HIERARCHIES SPLICED
ROOT
.GOV .COM .MIL .NET .EDU .ORG .IT
CMU PITT MITAMAZON MCKINSEY YAHOO
GSIA CS ECOM HEINZ
YEN EURO DOLLAR PESO128.2.218.2
ABOUT AFFILIATES PEOPLE PROGRAM
tcr751 tcr753 tcr770 tcr870
COURSES
index.html
HOSTDIRECTORY
FQDN
euro.ecom.cmu.edu/program/courses/tcr751
Q A&
ASSIGNMENT#1
Q1. Find 3 NGIX and STAR TAP in this diagram on slide 13 ?
Q2. What is BT, MCI, TIS, STIX and TG in slide 14?
Q3. What are the current upstream providers of PERN2 these days?
Pls. send your assignment by email before next class to [email protected] with subject: MCIT Assignment #1 – Registration Number
