Mobile Broadband Network Interworking and Convergence Broadband Network Interworking and Convergence November 26, 2009 Jai-Jin Lim, Principal Engineer

Mobile Broadband Network Mobile Broadband Network InterworkingInterworking and and ConvergenceConvergenceNovember 26, 2009

Jai-Jin Lim, Principal Engineer

All Contents Copyright © 2009, Samsung Electronics Proprietary

TalksTalks

Introduction to the 4G Mobile Broadband Network– WiMAX, LTE, and M-WiMAX Evolution

Outlook on the Interworking and Convergence

WiMAX and 3GPP/LTE Networks: Commonalities and Differences

Case Studies: Integrated Interworking Architecture– Dual Radio based WiMAX ~ 3GPP 2G/3G Interworking– Dual Radio based WiMAX ~ 3GPP EPS Interworking– Single Radio based WiMAX Interworking

Future Network Evolution and Convergence

2


Part I. 4G Mobile Broadband Network


4G: The Next Wireless Broadband4G: The Next Wireless Broadband

Nominal data rate of 100Mbps at high speeds, 1Gbps at fixed position (ITU-R)

4

High speedWLAN

5 GHzWLAN2.4 GHz

WLAN PAN

3G(IMT2000)

2G(Digital)

200 Mbps

~14.4 kbps50 Mbps

144 kbps 384 kbps1Gbps

Fast

Slow

LTE /LTE-Adv.

Mobile WiMAX /WiMAX-Evolution

*M-WiMAX Evolution (16m) Proposal as the IMT-Advanced was submitted (Oct. 2009)


Ubiquitous Broadband @ anywhere & anydevice

5

4G: Vision4G: Vision


M-WiMAX and LTE

4G: Access Network Characteristics4G: Access Network Characteristics

6

OFDMA

MIMO

Flat IP Network

Advanced broadband air interface technology for

high spectral efficiency

Multiple antenna technology for enhancing

reliability and throughput

Simple flat IP access network architecture for

efficient deployment and operations

* LTE: SC-FDMA (Uplink), OFDMA (Downlink)


Up to 3 years ahead comparing to LTE, both in standardization and commercialization

MM--WiMAXWiMAX: Time: Time--ToTo--Market AdvantageMarket Advantage

7

Telisonera

LTE 1st Commercial

802.16e Complete '05.December

802.16m Standardization Plan

'10.July

Rel.9 Plan'10.March

Rel.10 Plan'11.June

Rel.8 Complete'09.March

KT/SKTJune 2006

16e 1st Commercial

’10 4Q

16m Trial Demo

?

LTE-Advanced


MM--WiMAXWiMAX: Performance : Performance AdavantageAdavantage

Better spectral efficiency than existing cellular technologies

8

Download Speed Upload Speed

37Mbps37Mbps 10Mbps10Mbps

14.4Mbps14.4Mbps 5.7Mbps5.7Mbps

3.1Mbps3.1Mbps 1.8Mbps1.8Mbps

* Ideal PHY layer peak throughput


16m: The Next M16m: The Next M--WiMAXWiMAX EvolutionEvolution

Wider bandwidth and more advanced MIMO technology enhances peak performance by 4+ times.

9

Download Speed Upload Speed

95Mbps95Mbps 29Mbps29MbpsWith DL 4x4, UL 2Tx / 64QAM



* Ideal PHY layer peak throughput


MM--WiMAXWiMAX: 16e vs. 16m: 16e vs. 16m

10


Part II. Outlook on Interworking and Convergence


Via Common Packet Gateways & Service Edges

InterworkingInterworking & Convergence (1/2)& Convergence (1/2)

12

UsersDevices

GGSN

IP/MPLS CorePacketGateways

ServicesEdge

ExternalServices

Enterprise

PSTN /SMS

IMS

Internt

Radio Access and Backhaul

ASN GW

SGSNBSCRNC

GSM/GPRSWCDMAHSPA

WiMAX16e/16m

LTE

BS

eNBS/P-GW

SCE

HA/P-GW

CSG


Key Questions– How to maximize the seamless user experience across the heterogeneous

networks– How to build the access-agnostic service control, and customer care platforms

InterworkingInterworking & Convergence (2/2)& Convergence (2/2)

13

Item Requirements Key TechnologiesVoice call continuity

Transfer of CS voice call over the PS • IMS based• CSFB (CS Fall-Back) based• GAN (Generic Access Network) based

Session continuity Same IP address during Inter-tech HO • MIP based Inter-tech HO

Service continuity

Seamless mobility Minimim session break during Inter-tech HO

• L2 optimized HO• L3 MIH (Media Independent Handover)

Authentication Subscriber credentials management • Single credential• Access- or service-specific credential

Common QoS/Policy Access-agnostic QoS/Policy control • IMS based

Common Security and Access Policy

Access control Resource restriction

Common Customer-care& Billing

Common subscriber management and billing architecture


Part III. WiMAX and 3GPP/LTE Networks Commonalities and Differences


WiMAXWiMAX Mobile Network ArchitectureMobile Network Architecture

I/F Defined I/F Spec.

Air MS ~ BS NWG R1 (IEEE 802.16e)

ASN-GW ~ AAA

NWG R3/PCC-R3-OFC(RADIUS/Diameter)

ASN-GW ~ PPS (OCS)

NWG R3/PCC-R3-OC (3GPP Gy ext.)

ASN-GW ~ PDF/PCRF

NWG R3/PCC-R3-P(3GPP Gx ext.)

Core

ASN-GW ~ HA NWG R3/RFC 3344

Peer ASN-GW ~ ASN-GW

NWG R4

RAN ASN-GW ~ BS NWG R6

15

PPS (Pre-Paid Server) / OCS (Online Charging Server)

R1

MSMSR1

R6

ASN-GW

BS BS BS BS

ASN

R1

PDF/PCRFAAA

R4

PPS(OCS)

PDNPDN

HA

ASN-GW

R3

PCC-R3-PPCC-R3-OCPCC-R3-OFC


3GPP 2G/3G Network Architecture3GPP 2G/3G Network Architecture

16

OFCS (Offline Charging Server) / OCS (Online Charging Server)

Um

MSMSUu

SGSN

Gb

Abis

GGSN

BTS BTS

BSC

BTS BTS

BSC

Iu

NodeB NodeB

RNC

NodeB NodeB

RNCIur

Iub

Gn

2G 3G

Gr

Uu

PCRFHSS/HLR

Gc GxGi

OFCS OCS

Gy

PDNPDN

GzI/F Defined I/F Spec.

Air MS ~ BTS/NodeB

3GPP Um (BTS)3GPP Uu (NodeB)

S/GGSN ~ HSS/HLR

3GPP Gr (SGSN)3GPP Gc (GGSN)

GGSN ~ OCS 3GPP Gy

GGSN ~ PCRF 3GPP Gx

Core

S/GGSN ~ OFCS

3GPP Gz

Peer GGSN ~ SGSN 3GPP Gn

RAN SGSN ~ BSC/RNC

3GPP Gb (BSC)3GPP Iu (RNC)

•Note 1: Optionally, GGSN may, on a per APN basis, use AAA. See 3GPP TS 29.061•Note 2: GGSN – Flow Based Charging (online, offline)

IP session Based Charing (online, offline)SGSN – IP session Based Charging (offline)


Comparison: Comparison: Commonalties and DifferencesCommonalties and Differences

Commonality (or Similarity) : Function

17

Function WiMAX 3GPP 2G/3G

Authentication & Authorization AAA HLR/HSS+SGSN, AAA*

Charging Data Collection AAA (offline), PPS/OCS (online) OFCS (offline), OCS (online)

Policy/QoS Control PDF/PCRF PCRF

Mobility Management (Idle-mode, Paging)

Session Management

Packet Classification

IP Packet Forwarding & Routing

Usage Metering & Flow Based Charging

ASN-GW GGSN + SGSN

Differences: InterfaceInterface WiMAX 3GPP 2G/3G

Authentication I/F NWG R3 (RADIUS/Diameter) Pre Rel. 8 Gr/Gc (MAP)

Charging Server I/F OFCS: R3/PCC-R3-OFC (NWG R3 RADIUS/Diameter)OCS: R3/PCC-R3-OC (3GPP R7 Gy ext.)

OFCS: Pre Rel. 8 Gz (GTP’)OCS : Pre Rel. 8 Gy (Diameter)

PCRF I/F R3/PCC-R3-P (3GPP R7 Gx ext.) Pre Rel. 8 Gx (Diameter)

RAN I/F NWG R6 Iu/Gb

Peer I/F NWG R4 Gn (GTP)

* Note: Optionally, GGSN may, on a per APN basis, use AAA. See 3GPP TS 29.061


3GPP EPS Network Architecture3GPP EPS Network Architecture

18

Uu

MSMSUu

EPS

Uu

PCRFHSS OCS

PDNPDN

Gx

P-GW

eNB

MME

eNB eNB

S-GW

S6a

S5/S8

S1-U

OFCS

S1-MME

I/F Defined I/F Spec.

Air MS ~ eNB 3GPP Uu

MME ~ HSSP-GW ~ AAA

3GPP S6a (MME ~ HSS)3GPP S6b (P-GW ~ AAA)

P-GW ~ OCS 3GPP Gy

P-GW ~ PCRFS-GW ~ PCRF

3GPP Gx3GPP Gxc

Core

S/P-GW~ OFCS

3GPP Gz

Peer P-GW ~ S-GWS-GW ~ MME

3GPP S5/S83GPP S11

RAN S-GW/MME ~ eNB

3GPP S1-U (S-GW)3GPP S1-MME (MME)

Gy

S11

AAA

S6b Gz

Gxc

•Note 1: AAA is used for Non-3GPP access. See 3GPP TS 23.402•Note 2: Gxc is used only for PMIP-based S5/S8 (QoS provisioning)•Note 3: P-GW – Flow Based Charging (online, offline)

IP session Based Charing (online, offline)S-GW – IP session Based Charging (offline)


Comparison: Comparison: Commonalties and DifferencesCommonalties and Differences

Commonality (or Similarity) : Function

19

Function WiMAX 3GPP EPCAuthentication & Authorization AAA HSS+MME, AAA*

Charging Data Collection AAA (offline), PPS/OCS (online) OFCS (offline), OCS (online)

Policy/QoS Control PDF/PCRF PCRF

Mobility Management (Idle-mode, Paging)

Session Management

Packet Classification

IP Packet Forwarding & Routing

Usage Metering & Flow Based Charging

ASN-GW MME + S-GW + P-GW

Differences: InterfaceInterface WiMAX 3GPP EPC

Authentication I/F NWG R3 (RADIUS/Diameter) Rel. 8 Gr/Gc (MAP)

Charging Server I/F OFCS: R3/PCC-R3-OFC (NWG R3 RADIUS/Diameter)OCS: R3/PCC-R3-OC (3GPP R7 Gy ext.)

OFCS: Rel. 8 Gz (GTP’)OCS : Rel. 8 Gy (Diameter)

PCRF I/F R3/PCC-R3-P (3GPP R7 Gx ext.) Rel. 8 Gx (Diameter)

RAN I/F NWG R6 S1

Peer I/F NWG R4 S5/S8 (GTP,PMIP), S11(GTP-C)

* Note: Optionally, AAA is used for Non-3GPP access. See 3GPP TS 23.402


Part IV. Caes Studies:Overall Interworking Architecture


Key Elements in Interworking Key Elements in Interworking

21

Common Common CoreCore

AAA / HSS / HLROFCS / OCS

IMS PCRF

AuthenticationAuthenticationDual credentialsDual credentials

vs. vs. Single credentialSingle credential

Data Path Data Path AnchorAnchor

HA vs.

P-GW


Common CoreCommon Core

Elements– Authentication, Offline/Online Charging, QOS/Policy Control

22

HLR/HSS3GPP Wx (HSS)3GPP Gr’ (HLR)ASN-GW

OFCS(Offline

Charging Server)

OCS(Online

Charging Server)

3GPP Gz

R3/PCC-R3-OC (3GPP Gy ext.)

PCRF(Policy and Charging

Rules Function)

WiMAX AAA

R3/PCC-R3-P (3GPP Gx ext.)

GGSN / P-GW3GPP Gc

3GPP Gz

3GPP Gy

3GPP Gx PDF

R3/PCC-R3-OFC (WiMAX)


Authentication– Dual credentials or single credential is possible

AuthenticationAuthentication

23

•Separate authentication•No interaction between AAA ~ HLR/HSS

HLR/HSS

WiMAX AAA

2G/3G/EPS Auth

WiMAX EAPEAP-AKA/SIM/TLS/TTLS

GSM/UMTS/EPS-AKA

HLR/HSS

WiMAX AAA

2G/3G/EPS Auth

WiMAX EAP Auth.vectorEAP-SIM/AKA

GSM/UMTS/EPS-AKA

•(U)SIM-based authentication•AAA gets auth. vector from HLR/HSS

Single credential: Dual credentials: 3GPP ( ) WiMAX ( )


Data Path Anchor: HA

3GPP 2G/3G ~ WiMAX Interworking3GPP 2G/3G ~ WiMAX Interworking

24

Operator services 3rd party open access services

SGSNSGSN

GGSNGGSN2G/3G 2G/3G

PSPS

BSCBSC

BTSBTS

2G2GRNCRNC

NodeBNodeB

3G3G

IWK(FA)IWK(FA)

ASN-GWASN-GW

BSBS

3GPP 2G/3G3GPP 2G/3G MM--WiMAXWiMAX

HSS

AAAServer/ProxyOCS

OFCS MGC

MGWP/S/C-CSCF

SGW

PCRF

•Internet App. Store•Music / Video•UCC

•Presence Service•Location Based Service•Emergency Service

Subscription & Charging IMS

(P)MIP(P)MIP

PDNPDN

PMIPPMIP


Data Path Anchor: HA

3GPP EPS ~ WiMAX Interworking3GPP EPS ~ WiMAX Interworking

25


SGSNSGSN

BSCBSC

BTSBTS

2G2GRNCRNC

NodeBNodeB

3G3G

ASN-GWASN-GW

BSBS

3GPP EPS3GPP EPS MM--WiMAXWiMAX

HSS

AAAServer/ProxyOCS

OFCS MGC

MGWP/S/C-CSCF

SGW

PCRF




PMIPPMIP

PDNPDN

PMIPPMIPS-GWS-GW

MMEMME

eNBeNB

EPCEPC


Data Path Anchor: P-GW

3GPP EPS ~ 3GPP EPS ~ WiMAXWiMAX InterworkingInterworking

26


SGSNSGSN

BSCBSC

BTSBTS

2G2GRNCRNC

NodeBNodeB

3G3G

ASN-GWASN-GW

BSBS

3GPP EPS3GPP EPS MM--WiMAXWiMAX

HSS

AAAServer/ProxyOCS

OFCS MGC

MGWP/S/C-CSCF

SGW

PCRF




PMIP or PMIP or GTPGTP

PDNPDN

P-GWP-GW

PMIPPMIPS-GWS-GW

MMEMME

eNBeNB

EPCEPC

Part V. Interworking and Handover (Dual Radio)Case A: WiMAX ~ 3GPP 2G/3G Interworking [NWG Pre-R8 Interworking]Case B: WiMAX ~ 3GPP EPS Interworking with HACase C: WiMAX ~ 3GPP EPS Interworking with P-GW [3GPP TS 23.402]


Inter-access-tech mobility using PMIPv4– Authentication: single credential at HLR/HSS– Data path anchor: HA in WiMAX CSN

Case A: Case A: WiMAXWiMAX ~ 3GPP 2G/3G Handover (1/2)~ 3GPP 2G/3G Handover (1/2)

28

PSTN

WiMAX ASN

ASN GW

CSN AAA

MGC

MGWP/S/C-CSCF

SGW

PCRF

BS

2G/3G RAN

GGSNSGSN

WiMAX

GSM/UMTSMS

PC

xDSL

Inter-WiMAX mobility

Inter-access-tech

mobility

IMS

Internet

HSS

OCS

OFCS

Data path (Current)

Auth path

HA

Pre-R 8 IWK(FA/PMIP

Client)


Inter-access-tech mobility using PMIPv4– Authentication: single credential at HLR/HSS– Data path anchor: HA in WiMAX CSN

Case A: Case A: WiMAXWiMAX ~ 3GPP 2G/3G Handover (2/2)~ 3GPP 2G/3G Handover (2/2)

29

PSTN

WiMAX ASN

ASN GW

CSN AAA

MGC

MGWP/S/C-CSCF

SGW

PCRF

BS

2G/3G RAN

GGSNSGSN

WiMAX

GSM/UMTS

PC

xDSL


Inter-access-tech

mobility

IMS

Internet

HSS

OCS

OFCS

Data path (Current)

Auth path

HA

Pre-R 8 IWK(FA/PMIP

Client)

MS

Data path (Previous)

HO to WiMAX




Inter-access-tech mobility using PMIPv6– Authentication: single credential at HSS– Data path anchor: HA in WiMAX CSN

Case B: Case B: WiMAXWiMAX ~ 3GPP EPS Handover (1/2)~ 3GPP EPS Handover (1/2)

31

PSTN

WiMAX ASN

ASN GW

CSN AAA

MGC

MGWP/S/C-CSCF

SGW

PCRF

BS

E-UTRAN

S-GW

WiMAX

LTEMS

PC

xDSL


Inter-access-tech

mobility

IMS

Internet

HSS

OCS

OFCS

Data path (Current)

Auth path

HA

MME


Inter-access-tech mobility using PMIPv6– Authentication: single credential at HSS– Data path anchor: HA in WiMAX CSN

Case B: Case B: WiMAXWiMAX ~ 3GPP EPS Handover (2/2)~ 3GPP EPS Handover (2/2)

32

PSTN

WiMAX ASN

ASN GW

CSN AAA

MGC

MGWP/S/C-CSCF

SGW

PCRF

BS

E-UTRAN

S-GW

WiMAX

LTEMS

PC

xDSL


Inter-access-tech

mobility

IMS

Internet

HSS

OCS

OFCS

Data path (Current)

Auth path

HA

MME


HO to WiMAX




Inter-access-tech mobility using PMIPv6– Authentication: single credential at HSS– Data path anchor: P-GW

34

Case C: Case C: WiMAXWiMAX ~ 3GPP EPS Handover (1/2)~ 3GPP EPS Handover (1/2)

PSTN

WiMAX ASN

ASN GW

MGC

MGWP/S/C-CSCF

SGW

PCRF

BS

E-UTRAN

P-GWS-GWEPC

WiMAX

LTEMS

PC

xDSL


Inter-access-tech

mobility

IMS

Internet

MME

Data path (Current)

Auth path

HSS

OCS

OFCS

AAAServer


Inter-access-tech mobility using PMIPv6– Authentication: single credential at HSS– Data path anchor: P-GW

Case C: Case C: WiMAXWiMAX ~ 3GPP EPS Handover (2/2)~ 3GPP EPS Handover (2/2)

35

PSTN

WiMAX ASN

ASN GW

MGC

MGWP/S/C-CSCF

SGW

PCRF

BS

E-UTRAN

P-GWS-GWEPC

WiMAX

LTEMS

PC

xDSL


Inter-access-tech

mobility

IMS

Internet

MME

Data path (Current)

Auth path

HSS

OCS

OFCS

AAAServer

HO to WiMAX



Part VI. Interworking and Handover (Single Radio)Case A: WiMAX NWG SFF (Signaling Forwarding Function) via Active HOCase B: WiMAX NWG SFF (Signaling Forwarding Function) via Idle HO


Single Radio HOSingle Radio HO

Dual Radio vs. Single Radio HOs– Dual Radio HO

A dual radio device simultaneously receives and transmits on both the radio modulesConnecting to the target network before break in the serving network

– Single Radio HOA dual radio device receives and transmits on only one radio at a timePreparing the target radio before break in the serving network via an IP-level tunnel

Single Radio HO– Authentication and HO preparation is done using the source network

37

MS/UE Serving Network Target NetworkEstablish tunnelPre-registrationAuthenticationHandover


WiMAXWiMAX Single Radio ArchitectureSingle Radio Architecture

WiMAX SFF (Signaling Forwarding Function)– A logical function to support Single Radio Handovers from 3GPP/2 to WiMAX

Currently being discussed in NWG with a new reference point R9

38

WiMAX ASN 3GPP RAN

MS

ASN GW

SFF

R9

Core Network (HA or P-GW)

R6

R4

WiMAX ASN

ASN GW

BS

R6

BS

MSMS

R6


Case A: Single Radio HO via Active HOCase A: Single Radio HO via Active HO

Active HO to the Target Network

39

WiMAX ASN 3GPP RAN

MS

ASN GW

SFF

R9


R6

R4

WiMAX ASN

ASN GW

BS

R6

BS

MSMS

R6

1) Pre-register over R9 to SFF before HO

2) HO over R6


Idle HO to the Target Network

Case B: Single Radio HO via Idle HOCase B: Single Radio HO via Idle HO

40

WiMAX ASN 3GPP RAN

MS

ASN GW

SFF

R9


R6

R4

WiMAX ASN

ASN GW

BS

R6

BS

MSMS

R6

1) Pre-register over R9 to SFF before HO

4) Idle exit (reentry)

2) Enter Idle mode3) Teardown tunnel


Part VII. Wrap-up


ConclusionConclusion

42

Integrated common core decopules the service from the access– Authentication servers, charging servers, policy servers– Service can be uniformly applied to 2G/3G, M-WiMAX, EPS

Easy interworking of M-WiMAX and 3GPP 2G/3G, EPS– 3GPP network leverages the integrated common core elements

Network evolution is possible with integrated core and common platform– Platform sharing makes also it easy to interwork M-WiMAX and evolving 3GPP

networksEPC and M-WiMAX packet service core have much funtionality in commonIndustry vendors offers both EPC and M-WiMAX system with a common H/W platform

Service convergence is possible with the access-agnostic service control– IMS-based vs. Non-IMS based

Documents

Mobile Broadband Network Interworking and Convergence Broadband Network Interworking and Convergence November 26, 2009 Jai-Jin Lim, Principal Engineer