Mobile and Pervasive Computing - 5 Future Communication Technologies Presented by: Dr. Adeel Akram University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan

Mobile and Pervasive Computing - 5

Future Communication

TechnologiesPresented by: Dr. Adeel Akram

University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan

http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/CMS/AUT2015/teMPCms



Outline

Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) Radio over Fiber in the Home Area Network

Contributed by Mr. Shuja Shabbir

1000112206CSE-4

Li-Fi stands for ‘Light Fidelity’ LI-FI is transmission of data

through illumination, sending data through a LED light bulb that varies in intensity faster than human eye can follow

It is a VLC (Visible Light Communication), technology developed by team of scientists including Dr. Gorden Povey, Prof. Harald Hass and Dr. Mostafa Afgani at University of Edinburgh, UK

Li-Fi is now part of Visible Light Communication (VLC) PAN IEEE 802.15.7 Standard.

”Li-Fi is typically implemented using white LED light bulbs” These device are normally used for illumination by

applying a constant current through the LED Li-Fi is the term used to label the fast and cheap wireless

communication system, which is the optical version of Wi-Fi

Li-Fi is light based Wi-Fi that is, it uses light instead of radio waves to transmit information

Instead of Wi-Fi modems, Li-Fi would use transceivers-fitted LED lamps that can light a room as well as transmit and receive information

This technology uses a part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is still not greatly utilized – i.e. The Visible Spectrum.

Li-Fi, as it has been dubbed, has already achieved high speeds in the lab.

Researchers at the Heinrich Hertz Institute in Berlin, Germany, have reached data rates over 500 Megabytes per second using a standard white-light LED.

Radio waves

Cost and Expensive

Less Bandwidth compared to other spectrums

Insufficient spectrum for increasing data

Millions of base stations consume huge amount of energy for

1.Transmitting the radio waves 2.To cool the Base Station

cabins

5% Efficiency

Available within the range of Base Stations Limited availability Unavailable in aircrafts

Less secure (passes through the walls)

• Single data stream• 20000 bits per second• Not usable for video streaming

The brilliant idea was first showcased by Prof. Harald Hass in his TED Global Talk on VLC. http://www.ted.com/talks/harald_haas_wireless_data_from_every_light_

bulb.html

He explained,”very simple, if the LED is on, you transmit a 1 and when LED off transmit a 0.The LED can be switched on and off very quickly, which gives nice opportunities for transmitting data.”

Further enhancements can be made in this method, like using an array of LEDs for parallel data transmission, or using mixtures of red, green and blue LEDs to alter the light’s frequency encoding a different data channel.

http://www.ted.com/talks/harald_haas_wireless_data_from_every_light_bulb.html


LED

Fluorescent Lamp

Avalanche Photo Diode

Image Sensors

ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES

o Larger bandwidth (10,000 times the radio bandwidth)

o High efficiency

o More availability

o Highly secure

DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES

o Presence of Light is essential

o There will be interference from sunlight

o You need special LEDs

Fudan University in Shanghai are finding a Fudan University in Shanghai are finding a way to wirelessly transfer information using way to wirelessly transfer information using

light instead of radio waves.light instead of radio waves.

Because light runs on a much Because light runs on a much higher frequency than radio higher frequency than radio waves, data transferred with waves, data transferred with

radio waves is limited.radio waves is limited.

Li-fi works with regular, Li-fi works with regular, plain old LED lights which plain old LED lights which

are found everywhere. are found everywhere. Data is sent to the LEDs, Data is sent to the LEDs,

and they flicker rapidly in a and they flicker rapidly in a pattern. A camera made pattern. A camera made for sensing light can then for sensing light can then pick up the frequency and pick up the frequency and read the pattern like morse read the pattern like morse

code.code.

Won’t the constant flickering of Won’t the constant flickering of the lights become annoying?the lights become annoying?

The LEDs are flickering so quickly, that it The LEDs are flickering so quickly, that it would appear as a steady stream of light. would appear as a steady stream of light.

Normal florescent office lights flicker 20,000 Normal florescent office lights flicker 20,000 times per second. Li-fi flickers billions of times per second. Li-fi flickers billions of times per second. That’s a lot of data!times per second. That’s a lot of data!

How Does It Work?How Does It Work? Who is making it?Who is making it? What is the catch?What is the catch?

Li-fi can only work if the light Li-fi can only work if the light illuminating from the Li-fi LED illuminating from the Li-fi LED

can be picked up by the can be picked up by the receiving device.receiving device.

Sunlight can interfere with Sunlight can interfere with your Li-fi connection even your Li-fi connection even

through windows. You would through windows. You would have to use Li-fi in a room with have to use Li-fi in a room with

no windows, and you would no windows, and you would not be able to turn out the not be able to turn out the lights. Dimmed lights may lights. Dimmed lights may

result in lost data, and slower result in lost data, and slower connections.connections.

Different colors of LEDs could Different colors of LEDs could transfer data on different signals. transfer data on different signals.

Li-fi can transfer data at a rate of Li-fi can transfer data at a rate of 1Gbit/s1Gbit/s

Researchers began working Researchers began working with light outside the visible with light outside the visible spectrum to combat these spectrum to combat these

disadvantages. disadvantages.

They claim that using They claim that using infrared lights could work infrared lights could work outside and even boost outside and even boost

connection speeds to 5 gigs connection speeds to 5 gigs per second.per second.

Li-Fi Overcomes the limitations of radio spectrum

High speed of 10 Gbps can be achieved

Li-Fi can solve the for essential problems of wireless communications these days




RADIO OVER FIBER FOR AN OPTIMAL 60 GHZ HOME AREA NETWORK

Name Company Address Phone email Joffray Guillory Orange Labs 2, avenue Pierre Marzin

22307 Lannion Cedex, France [email protected]

Sylvain Meyer Orange Labs 2, avenue Pierre Marzin 22307 Lannion Cedex, France sylvain.meyer@orange-

ftgroup.com

Benoît Charbonnier Orange Labs 2, avenue Pierre Marzin 22307 Lannion Cedex, France benoit.charbonnier@orange-

ftgroup.com

Thomas Derham Orange Labs Keio Shinjuku Oiwake

Bldg.9F.3-1-13 Shinjuku Shinjuku-kuTokyo 160-0022

JAPAN thomas.derham@orange-

ftgroup.com

Sandrine Roblot Orange Labs 4, rue du clos courtel 35512 Cesson-Sevigne, France sandrine.roblot@orange-

ftgroup.com

Authors / Contacts:

• Radio over Fiber in the Home Area Network

• An example of optical architecture: multipoint-to-multipoint

• Setup and results

• Using the radio MAC layer for driving the optical infrastructure

Contents

Radio over Fiber in the Home Area Network

As the number of connected devices in the home increases, the rates necessary between each of them increases too.

The ultimate goal in home network, and for a provider of tele-communications like Orange, is to satisfy the demand made by this new services like remote backup, video conference, video on demand, voice over IP, data exchange in high-definition …


Workspace

bedroomC

hildren’sbedr

oom

Par

ent’

sK

itche

n

Living-

room

GarageLaptop and Phone

Computerand NAS

Television andGames console

• We need high rates in the whole home because the devices and our home gateway are not necessary in the same room.

HomeGateway


The wireless connectivity is generally preferred for the final link to the device (easy to use and very flexible).

In the future, IEEE 802.11.ad will be the radio standard to transport data at very high throughputs (above 1Gbps),

But, this radio standard has a short range (less than 10m).

How can we enlarge the coverage of the radio signal ?

Workspace

bedroomC

hildren’sbedr

oom

Par

ent’

sK

itche

n

Living-

room

Garage

Two optical fibers (downlink and uplink).We transport radio signals in their native format (analogue) on an optical carrier

Remote antenna : Remote antenna : converts electrical converts electrical signal (radio) to signal (radio) to

optical signal, and optical signal, and vice-versa vice-versa



So, the Radio over Fiber system enlarges the coverage of the radio signal itself. It consists in transporting the radio signal from wireless devices onto an optical carrier for distribution over optical fibre to different remote antennas. The optical link acts as an analogue repeater.

Transporting the radio signals in their native format, provides the advantage of remote antenna simplification and transparency to radio layer protocols.

DC

Laser

TEE

PhotodiodeOptical In

Optical Out

A TX antenna

RX antenna

A

RF Filter

Bias Tee

DC Block

Direct modulation issimple and low cost.

Automatic Gain Control

The remote antenna has small size, light weight and low power consumption.


Why optical fibers ?

Only the fiber optic can enlarge the coverage of radio signal transparently.

It offers a very high bandwidth and low attenuation, thus can transfer the high rate of the radio over several hundred meters.

It will be a natural extension of access networks (Fiber To The Home).

It is the ideal candidate to provide long life-span local networks.


Besides, the Radio over Fiber optimizes the global spectral efficiency.

Indeed, power is radiated only in the spot (room) where it is useful.

We have a full control of the range of radio wave (no trouble of the radio signals of neighbours, health and hacking concerns).

Contents


An example of optical architecture: multipoint-to-multipoint

Setup and results

Using the MAC layer for driving the optical infrastructure

An example of optical architecture:multipoint-to-multipoint

NxN Splitter

Gateway+ ONT

Workspace

bedroomC

hildren’sbedr

oom

Par

ent’

sK

itche

n

Living-

room

Garage

Fiber To The Home

Power is radiated only in the spot

where it is useful (Space) and when it

is necessary (Moment).

Two optical fibers

NxNSplitter

Gateway+ ONT

RoF 1

RoF 2

RoF 3

RoF 4

RoF 1

RoF 2

RoF 3

RoF 4

RoF 1

RoF 2

RoF 3

RoF 4

RoF 1

RoF 2

RoF 3

RoF 4

Wireless device with radio chipset

Remote antenna without intelligence

Is equivalent to


Main advantages / disadvantages :

Self-sufficient system: the distribution of resources managed by the radio MAC layer.

No intelligence required: direct communication possible. Optical budget should allow the NxN optical splitter (16x16 =

12dB). Two optical fibers required per remote antenna.


Contents

The Radio over Fiber in the Home Area Network


Setup and results

Using the radio MAC layer for driving the optical infrastructure

Splitter

Gateway+ ONT

Workspace

bedroomC

hildren’sbedr

oom

Par

ent’

sK

itche

n

Living-

room

Garage

Setup and results

Optical splitter ( 8x8 = 9dB )

It behaves as an optical tunnel

Contents

The Radio over Fiber in the Home Area Network


Setup and results


Splitter

Gateway+ ONT

Workspace

bedroomC

hildren’sbedr

oom

Par

ent’

sK

itche

n

Living-

room

Garage

Laser ONMAC monitoring

SignalSignal

Noise

Noise

Noise

Using the radio MAC layer for driving the optical infrastructure• The lasers that are turned-on without seeing radio data at the input, are

noise for the photodiodes that receive an optical signal from another laser (copy of the ambient noise by adding the noise of the conversions).

• Interferences : beat between independent light sources.

• Bridge : MAC Monitoring signal.

• Only one of the device (e.g. the gateway) demodulates the radio signal,• Recovers useful data in the radio MAC layer to manage the optical

access (turning-on laser or photodiode),• Sends instruction to remote antenna by a monitoring signal.


Conclusion The example shows the feasibility of a wireless network

inside the home with Radio over Fiber for extending the radio coverage.

Then, the Radio over Fiber optimizes the global spectral efficiency.

The optical architectures show good results, and needs information from radio MAC Layer to be managed.

References[1] Ultra Broad Band Wireless Home Network based on 60GHz WPANs cells interconnected via

RoFM.Huchard, M.Weiss, A.Pizzinat, S.Meyer, P.Guignard, B.CharbonnierInvited paper IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology

[2] Ultra Wide Band over fibre transparent architecture for high bit-rate home networksA.Pizzinat, F.Payoux, B.Charbonnier, S.Meyer Springer Annals of telecommunication Journal (Special Issue on Home Networking)

[3] RNRT/BILBAO project: first results on Ultra Wide Band over fiberS.Paquelet, S.Mallegol, G.Froc, A.Bisiaux, A.Pizzinat, B.Charbonnier, N.Malhouroux, S.Meyer, F.Payoux, I.Siaud, G.Salingue, D.Morche, H.Jacquinot, S.Bories, C.Algani, AL.Billabert, S.Mazer, JL.Polleux, C.Rumelhard, M.Terré, C.Sillans, Y.Le Guennec, B.Cabon, M.Lourdiane, G.MauryInternational UWB Workshop 2007, Grenoble, France.

[4] Ultra Wide Band Home Networks by Means of a Low Cost Radio-over-MultiMode-Fibre Transparent SystemA.Pizzinat, I.Louriki, B.Charbonnier, S.Meyer, C.Sillans, H.Jaquinot, S.Bories, M.Terré, C.Algani, AL.Billabert, Y.Le Guennec, P.Lombard, G.FrocNetwork and Optical Communications 2008, Krems (Austria), 1-3 July 2008

[5] Optical fiber infrastructures for UWB access and FTTHB.Cabon, Y.Le Guennec, P.Lombard, M.Lourdiane, JM.Duchamp, A.Pizzinat, I.Louriki, B.Charbonnier, F.Payoux, S.Meyer, M.Terré, C.Algani, AL.Billabert, C.Sillans, H.Jaquinot, S.bories, G.FrocISIS workshop, Stokholm, June 2008

[6] Low Cost Transparent Radio-over-Fibre System for UWB Based Home NetworkA.Pizzinat, I.Louriki, B.Charbonnier, F.Payoux, S.Meyer, M.Terré, C.Algani, AL.Billabert, C.Sillans, H.Jaquinot, S.Bories, Y.Le Guennec, G.FrocEuropean Conference on Optical Communications 2008, Bruxelles 21-25 Sept. 2008

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Mobile and Pervasive Computing - 5 Future Communication Technologies Presented by: Dr. Adeel Akram University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan