MNAMosby’s Long Term Care Assistant Chapter 47Basic Emergency Care

Emergency Care

First Aid is the emergency care given to an ill or injured person before medical help arrives.

Basic Life Support – BLS. Provides breathing and circulation for the victim. Require speed, skill and efficiency.

BLS

Cardiac ArrestRespiratory ArrestChain of SurvivalCPRFBAOAED

You will need to take a CPR/First Aid Course

Choking (FBAO)

Choking can result in unconsciousness and cardiopulmonary arrest.

It is often caused by food or other foreign body lodged in the throat (airway).

Choking caused by foreign body airway obstruction accounts for about 3,000 deaths each year.

The recognition and proper management of choking is of key importance to safety in homes, restaurants, and other public places.

FBAO prevention

Cut food into small pieces.

Chew food slowly and thoroughly, especially if wearing dentures.

Avoid laughing and talking during chewing and swallowing.

Avoid excessive intake of alcohol before and during meals.

Heimlich ManeuverCALL FOR HELP.

Ask, “Can you speak? Are you choking?"If the victim can speak, cough, or breathe, DO NOT INTERFERE.

If the victim CANNOT speak, cough, or breathe:

Ask for permission to assist

give subdiaphragmatic abdominal thrusts until the foreign body is expelled or the victim becomes unconscious.

Heimlich Maneuver

In the case of extreme obesity or late pregnancy victims - give chest thrusts.

Hemorrhage

Excessive bleeding or flow of blood either internally or externally.

Hemorrhage

TreatmentCall for help

apply direct pressure

Elevate to reduce the flow of blood.

Use pressure point if necessary

Asses pulse

Shock

Organs and tissues do not get enough blood.

Signs and symptoms include:

Low B/P

Rapid weak pulse

Cold, moist pale skin

Restlessness

Thirst

Confusion

LOC

Shock

Treatment:

Call for help

Keep the victim lying down

Elevate feet

Cover with a blanket

Provide reassurance

Anaphylactic ShockLife threatening allergic reactionSymptoms:

Sweating

SOB

Low B/P

Irregular pulse

Swelling of throat, airway

Hoarseness

Dyspnea

Notify nurse in charge immediately

Activate EMS

Seizures

Violent and sudden contractions or tremors of muscles

Possible causes

Loss of blood flow to brain

Temperature

Infection

Head injury

Poisoning

Brain tumors

Seizures

Treatment:Call for help

Lower to the floor

Place something under the head

Loosen tight clothing

Move items out of the way

Turn to the side if possible

No food or fluids

Do not place anything in the mouth

Fainting

Sudden loss of consciousness from an inadequate blood supply to brain.

Common causes:

Hunger, fatigue, fear, pain, standing in one position for a long time.

Fainting

Warning signs:

Dizziness

Perspiration

Floaters

Sounds seem far away

Pale skin

Pulse is weak

Treatment:Sit or lie down

Elevate feet

Loosen tight clothing

Keep airway open

Stroke Cerebrovascular accident

Brain is deprived of blood supply due to embolus or ruptured vessel.

Stroke Cerebrovascular accident

Signs and Symptoms: LOC or Semi-consciousness

Rapid pulse

Labored breathing

Vomiting

Hemiplegia

Elevated B/P

Slurred speech

Visual disturbance

Stroke Cerebrovascular accident

Treatment: Call for help

Elevate the head

Loosen tight clothing

Provide reassurance

Keep victim quiet and warm

Vomiting Emesis

Lots of things can trigger vomiting, from migraines to kidney stones. Sometimes, just seeing someone else vomit will start you vomiting

(its your body's effort to protect you from possible exposure to the same danger.

Vomiting is common.

Most of the time, N/V do not require urgent medical attention.

If symptoms continue for days, the vomiting is severe, or the patient cannot keep down any food or fluids, they may have a more serious condition.

Vomiting

Treatment

Provide emesis basin

Provide cool wash cloth

Provide oral care as needed

Report and record

Burns1st degree - superficial thickness

redness, pain

2nd degree - partial thicknessredness, pain, blisters

3rd degree - full thickness nerve endings destroyed, not

painful, black charred

Burns1st degree

2nd degree

3rd degree

BurnsFirst Aid

Remove from danger, fire

Stop burning process

Do not remove burned clothing if stuck to skin

CPR as needed

1st & 2nd – water to cool

3rd – clean dry sterile dressing

Review

When giving first aid you should ?

A. Be aware of your limits

B. Move the victim

C. Give the victim liquids

D. Perform any necessary emergency measure

Review

The most common cause of obstructed airway in adults is?

A. Loose dentures

B. meat

C. marbles

D. candy

Review

A resident is bleeding from the left forearm.

The first action should be to ?

A. Lower the body part

B. Apply pressure to the brachial artery

C. Apply direct pressure to the wound

D. Cover the person

Review

A person is in shock. You should?

A. Open the airway

B. Remove the person’s clothing

C. Keep the person lying down

D. Elevate the person head

Review

A stroke primarily effects what body part?

A. liver

B. brain

C. kidney

D. heart

Review

What piece of equipment is provided when a

person is vomiting?

Emesis basin

Review

Another term for a convulsion is a

seizure

Review

A condition that results when organs and tissues do not get enough blood is called?

shock

Review

A person is choking. If the obstruction is not

relieved ______________________ will

occur

Cardiac arrest

Review

A person is having a seizure. Immediately place something in his/her mouth.

True False

Review

A person has fainted. Have them walk around to stimulate circulation

True False

Review

A person has had a stroke. Elevate their head.

True False

Review

The Heimlich maneuver requires 4 abdominal thrust.

True False

Review

If a victim can speak, perform the Heimlich maneuver.

True False

Review

Cool a 3rd degree burn with cold water.

True False