^^mmmmmmmmmmmammmmmmmmmmammmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmtmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm^ C. Dennis, Printer, Wynberg

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1.

CHAIRMAN'S REPORT.

I can a s su re you i t has been a g r e a t p l e a s u r e to be chairman . of t h e Nat iona l A n t i - C A . D . This i s our fourth conference in e ight ye&rs. We have never made a f e t i s h of having confe rences for any old t h i n g . The l a s t A n t i - C A . D . Conference was c a l l e d about two y e a r s and nine months ago. Grave even t s have taken p lace s ince then , and the world i s in a s t a t e o f permanent c r i s i s . There a re many ai d va r i ed c r o s s - c u r r e n t s in t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l a rena , o c c a s ­ioned by c o n f l i c t i n g ' i n t e r e s t s . But our pr imary concern in a l l t h i s i s t h e . s t r u g g l e of t he oppressed n a t i o n a l i t i e s throughout t h e world a g a i n s t t h e i r o p p r e s s o r s . And t h e r e f o r e i t becomes incum­bent on those in the l e a d e r s h i p of the movement t o make a s e r i o u s study of ihe p rog re s s made by the more advanced o o l o n i a l peoples in t h e i r march towards l i b e r a t i o n . In p a r t i c u l a r , we should pay s t e r n a t t e n t i o n t o ihe r i s e w i t h i n t h e movement, of c o r r u p t c l i q u e s who, hav ing been d e l i b e r a t e l y b u i l t up by the oppressor f or t he purpose of b e t r a y i n g "the movement f o r l i b e r a t i o n , a t t empt t o l ead the masses back i n t o t h e i r former s t a t e of s u b j e c t i o n . The growth of t h i s Q u i s l i n g c l a s s r e f l e c t s t h e c r i t i c a l p o s i t i o n in vh ich t h e whi te oppresso r s f ind themse lves . Today, i n t h e Eas t , -with 1he r i s e of Na t iona l i sm, t h e s k i n - c o l o u r of" Ihe oppresso r s h a s become a symbol of oppress ion aid h a t r e d ; Thus, unable to e x e r t t h e i r i n f l u e n c e on t h e p o l i t i c a l t r e n d s , the whi te r u l e r s have been forced to employ ajmore cunning method of u s i n g a s e c t i o n of the Non Europeans themselves as an ins t rument fo r ihe . p e r p e t u a t i o n of the enslavement of t he Oolonial p e o p l e s . Thus, t h e r e ha s a r i s e n a phenomenon on a world s c a l e - the malignant cancer of Quis l ing ism; and t h i s c o n s t i t u t e s t o d a y ' t h e g r e a t e s t s i n g l e obs t ac l e to the march of the oppressed peop les _ .• t o freedom.

Eight Years of the A n t i - C A . D . Movement.

We have been in e x i s t e n c e for n e a r l y e ig ' i t y e a r s . What I propose t o do in my add res s i s to d e a l with the more s a l i e n t and dynamic a s p e c t s of t h e movement and t o avoid unnecessary d e t a i l s . In the f i r s t p l a c e , we have to see the movement a s p a r t of a whole to which i t i s i n t i m a t e l y connected . I t r e p r e s ­ent s^ih.e Coloured sect ion. .of the oppressed f r o n t . We have t o cons ider i t s e f f e c t on t h i s f r o n t , a n d ' t h e i n f luence i t has exer ted on the o t h e r s e c t i o n s , t h a t i s , the Afr ican and t h e I n d i a n . We have t o see i t as a v i t a l l i v i n g f o r c e .

The A n t i - C A . D . S t andpo in t .

The A n t i - C A . D . h a s come to r ep resen t a d e f i n i t e p o l i t i c a l s t a n d p o i n t . More aid more people a r e becoming acqu ian ted w-ith i t s c l e a r and unambiguous p o l i c y . F o r i h i s reason I have f e l t t h a t i t * i s necessa ry to rearm o u r s e l v e s with t he i d e o l o g i c a l weapons. I t would not be out of p l ace t h e r e f o r e t o r e f r e s h our memories wi th a b r i e f review of our p a s t .

In o rde r t o a s s e s s our achievements l e t us review t h e s t a t e of our p o l i t i c a l p o s i t i o n i n 1943, a t t h e . t ime of t h e '-format ion of ihe A n t i - C A . D . The African people had been s t r i p p l e d of the l a s t v e s t i g e of p o l i t i c a l r i g h t s ; the t h r e e n o t o r i o u s Hertzog Ac t s , known a s t h e Nat ive Ac t s , had casit t h e Afr ican people o u t s i d e t he body p o l i t i c , and made them f o r e i g n e r s in t h e i r own count ry , wi thout t h e r i g h t t o v o t e , an'd without the r i g h t t :o buy l a n d . When t h i s d a s t a r d l y crime was committed a g a i n s t t h e Af r i c ans , the r e s t of t h e Non-Europeans- t h e Coloured and t h e I n d i a n - stood a s i d e , for t h e y had b e l i e v e d t h e a s su rances of t he Herrenvolk t h a t t h e s e measures would not in any way a f f e c t them. Thus each s e c t i o n of the Non-Europeans w e n t ' i t s own sweet way, unconcerned about what was happening t o t h e r e s t .

When the a t t a c k on t h e ' C o l o u r e d people s t a r t e d in t h e form ' of t h e c r e a t i o n of t h e ' C A . C , i t found them p o l i t i c a l l y and o rgan­i s a t i o n a l l y unprepared .

- 2 -The recognised leaders of the day belong to the old school of p o l i t i c a l thought. They believed tha t the Coloured people would somehow, someday, be included in the White- group." They were perfectly sa t i s f i ed with t h i s assurance,, ,even though i t meant that the i r s ta tus was comparable to tha t of" an appendage of a white body. This bred opportunism in t h e i r p o l i t i c a l ' a c t i v i t y , careerism, and tout ing for the var ious white Herrenvolk p a r t i e s . .The whole p o l i t ­ical machine of the Coloured people was'attached to the Herrenvolk p a r t i e s . The organisations of the people'were,used as a bargaining power by elect ioneering tou t s for the purpose.qf increasing the i r price to t h e i r masters. In t h i s foetid a i r of"corruption} where the leadership had accepted "the i n f e r i o r i t y of Non-Whites, i t wq,s * impossible t o think of an independent s t ruggle based on p r inc ip l e s .

The Coloured people were organisation a l ly unprepared. There were in existence many bodies l iv ing independently of one another, po l i t i ca l} v igi lance , spor ts , church organisat ions, social organisa t ­ions e t c . , of al l ' forms and v a r i e t i e s , each one paddling i t s own; canoe. Meanwhile, the p o l i t i c a l and economic posi t ion of the Coloured people was growing worse. And while t h i s de ter iora t ion was se t t ing in, people began t o lose faith in t h e i r leaders who could find no way out of the impasse. Many dr i f ted away from t h e i r organisations and a process of rot affected the people. Such was the s t a t e of a f fa i r s #ien the Herrenvolk launched the Coloured Advisory Council. I t i s s ignificant that t h e Herrenvolk' recrui ted t h e i r Quisliings for the Quisling Council from the leadership of the two major organisa t ­ions of the Coloured people, namely, the A.P.O. and the T.L.S.A. They had no reason to fear that they would be thwar ted in t h e i r attempt to deprive the Coloured people of t he i r p o l i t i c a l r i g h t s . They would have succeeded, i f i t had not been for the intervention of the Anti-C.A.D. The Anti-C.A.D. immediately saw the danger"and aroused the people who in great numbers r a l l i ed to i t s support. I t i s ' t o the credi t of the Anti-C.A.D. tha t even at t h a t ' e a r l y stage, i t opposed the formation of the Cape Coloured Permanent Commission and a special sect ion for Coloured Affairs in the Department of Social. Welfare, on the grounds tha t these were the prototypes of the Native Representative Council and the Native Affairs Department, and that t h i s was the f i r s t step towards removing the Coloured people from the Common Voters Roll and depriving them even of t he l imited maL'e vote which they possessed. At tfiaat t ime many thought that.we were overs ta t ing our case. Unhappily, our prognosis, has Tieen proved cor rec t .

Winning the Ba t t l e .

Farom the outset , the Anti-C.A.D. r a l l i e d the people to r e s i s t the measures. I t rejected the C.A.D. and C.A.C. in t o to , and actively: embarked upon a'aampaign to render the- whole machinery unworkable. In doing so, i t took up a principled stand an i ' r e jec ted the idea of . the i n f e r i o r i t y of the Non-Whites. In doing so, the Anti-C.A.D. plaoed i t s e l f sqtiarely on. an independent road of s t ruggle. For t h e f i r s t time, -the Coloured people, a section of the oppressed, demanded fu l l equality and inscribed on t h e i r banners the slogan: " NOTHING LESS THAN FULL CITIZENSHIP". This bold bid fired the imagination of t he people and inspired them with many hopes. The Ant i - C.A.D. called'upon them to boyaott the Quisling Council as- well as the individuals who comprised i t . The boyaott weapon, used-for the f i r s t time, met. with s ignal success. The mood of the people had caught up with the - idea . Not a s ingle bona fide organisation would.countenance a Quisling within i t s ranks. The success of the boycott made a profound impression not only on the Coloured people themselves, but also on the African and Indian peoplesi , .For t h e f i r s t time a diabol ical scheme of the Government of th i s country was defeated by a section of the oppressed people.

Victory Without I l l u s ions .

The Anti-C.A.D. had no i l lus ion^ about i t s v ic tory . I t under­stood that i t had merely won a .ba t t l e , .and not a war. The issues

- 3 -involved were muoh b igge r and so long as the Coloured people were i s o l a t e d from t h e o the r oppressed, i t would be impossible for them t o win the war for f u l l c i t i z e n s h i p . The next l o g i c a l s t e p was t o formulate a bas i s f o r a u n i t e d s t r u g g l e of ALL the oppressed . The Anti-C.A.D. had taught the people to see t h e i r s t rugg le "as p a r t of a whole, ani t o r e a l i s e t h a t oppress ion waa i n d i v i s i b l e . In J a n ­uary , 1944t t h e A n t i - C.A.D. adopted t h e 1 0 - po in t programme and the po l icy o f ' n o n - c o l l a b o r a t i o n a s the b a s i s for a p r i n c i p l e d s t rugg le*

The Fede ra l S t r u c t u r e .

The sucaess of t h e A n t i - C . A . D . ' l a y in the new method of o r g a n i s a t i o n t h a t i t had evolved. But i t was not. o r i g i n a l i n doing so . Already in 1935 "the Afr ican people had formed a f e d e r a l o r g ­a n i s a t i o n ca l led t h e ^11 African Convention t o meet t h e ons laught on t h e i r r i g h t s . The Coloured people were* faced with an exac t ly s i m i l a r s i t u a t i o n in 1943*' They adopted t h e ' f e d e r a l s t r u c t u r e of t h e A l l Afr ican Convention, but .went f u r t h e r . By i t s acceptance of t h e pol icy of n o n - c o l l a b o r a t i o n , the Ant i -C.A.D. gave meaning and con ten t t o t h e f e d e r a l form. The ga t of p o l i t i c i s i n g t h e o r g a n i s a t i o n s was t o r a i s e i t to a h i g h e r and an honourable f u n c t i o n . The ac t of p o l i t i c d s a t i o n was to serve as a cement t h a t Tbound the .. organ i s a t i o n s t o g e t h e r . Unity on a b a s i s of a common po l i cy eame i n t o ex i s t ence where d i s u n i t y re igned b e f o r e . I s o l a t i o n gave way to c o o r d i n a t i o n .

Why fhig Conference?

I have d e l i b e r a t e l y d e a l * with and emphasised c e r t a i n a s p e c t s of t h e s t rugg le i n order to remind you t h a t you have made h i s t o r y . But remember t h a t t h i s i s only the beg inn ing of f i e s t r u g g l e . We have won only; t he f i r s t round. Once more "the Government i s talcing advantage of t h i s seeming l u l l i n the movement. Onae more we a r e c a l l i n g the people t o g e t h e r , not only t o b r i n g t o nought the Malan-Havenga p r o p o s a l s , but to prepare the people fo r "the much Mgger t a s k t h a t l i e s ahead, namely, THE BUILDING OF THE NON EUROPEAN UNITY MOVEMENT.

We f i n d o u r s e l v e s not in 1943* when we w6re a d iv ided peop le , but i n 1951* We have gained mi ch in exper ierc e, and have r a i s e d t he movement t o a much h ighe r l e v e l . Let us march forward t o our de s t i ned goal? OF FREE MEN AND WOMEN IN THE LAND OF OUR BIRTH.

The Vice-Chairman ca l l ed on the S e c r e t a r y t d r e p o r t .

THE SECRETARY'S FOURTH CONFERENCE REPORT.

Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, Sirs e our conference i n t h e Mowbray Town Ha l l on the

27th March 1948, i t can b e ' r e p o r t e d t h a t we have cont inued t o make s t eady , i f not s p e c t a c u l a r , p r o g r e s s . I t w i l l be c l e a r l y seen, i f we study the minutes of t h a t conferencce, t h a t we have c a r r i e d out our d e c i s i o n to p a r t i c i p a t e i n every s t r u g g l e t h a t w i l l defend the Non European a g a i n s t t h e blows of the Herrenvo Ik and t h a t w i l l endeavour t o r a i s e t h e s t r u g g l e , t o a h ighe r s t a g e .

The most impor tant d e c i s i o n of pur' l a s t conference was to moke known to the people t h a t t h e outcome of t h e g e n e r a l e l e c t i o n would be of no consequence to them. I t made no d i f f erenc e a s t o which of the two Herrenvolk p a r t i e s came i n t o power as 1h ey both stood equa l ly for t h e s eg rega t ion and oppress ion of t h e Non-Europeam, and h i s vote t h e r e f o r e should not be used t o / e i t h e r the one or the o ther i n power. .

Since 1943 when the C.A.C. was brought i n t o be ing , we have warned t h e people t h a t i t forshadowed the es t ab l i shment of a Col ­oured Rep re sen t a t i ve Council and .a Coloured A f f a i r s Department.

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The agi ta t ion a t tha t time was such tha t the-Government deemed i t ;

p o l i t i c t od eny.thatihey intended bringing about a Coloured Affairs Department. For eight years we warned the Coloured people that t he i r vote was threatened.Whether ihe United Party or the Nats, were in . power i ' t he ' resu l t would be the same for them.

Tfiae people had been p o l i t i c a l l y brought up for a generation or more on the doctrine of the LESSER EVIL, and 1his -was -so well inculcated that i t needed the sharp lessons of 1935, when the African was robbed of h i s vote and"1943> when- th.e Coloured.vote was threatened, to open t h e i r eyes. Their docrtirine, THE U.P. AS THE LESSER EVIL, had to b e attacked and exposed. Even the Communist Party had. succumbed to t h i s dar^erous doctr ine and were tying them­selves in knots f ight ing for the "LESSER EVIL".

After the l a s t conference we had several cirowded meetings in the Cape Peninsula aad the Cape F l a t s . 0u-r Chairman'and Vice-Chairman headed a delegation th,at toured the. important towns, d i s t r i c t s or constituencies of, the, Cape from Worcester to Port Elizabeith to take the conference -message to the people'. ..

The United Party 1s Coloured touts and other Election Agents ( such as members of the Communist Party ) t r i e d to smash our meetings in.so me towns* We were also hampered by the t imidi ty of ©ertain loca l leaders who said tha t they dared not organise meet­ings that would bring them in disfavour with United Par ty or Nat- * ionalist ,business-men, or in the case of teachers , School-Managers.

Irit addit ion we printed a Bul le t in which dealt speci f ica l ly with the elect ion and thousands were c i rcula ted . Even from the Transvpal requests cane for more and-more. Kimberley, usually regarded as a Coloured United Party stronghold, telegraphed fo r thousands more. . *

We: can assume then, that t h e country was breaking away from, t he old ways of thinking, but the gulf between ideological c l a r i t y and organisation^ytrengrth was s t i l l a Mg one. The country certaimly did not carry out our decisions to es tab l i sh loca l committees and

. to consolidate our--position*

• Is i t ' p o s s i b l e tha t t h i s time-lag between thought OUDS act ion, t h i s apathy; can be ascribed to the numbing effect of the victory of the Nats, on the whole country immediately on tho^rocimdng to power.

I t , w i l l be the duty of t h i s conference to take Serious stoak of t h i s s i tua t ion and to devise ways and means to overcome i t .

In passing I wi l l deal with the collapse of the C.A.C. Soon after "the General Election faction f ights broke'out in the C.A. C. Some C.A.C.-men were prepared ' to change masters, others were too t ied up with the United Party, and a few s t e a l t h i l y slipped out. The change of Government caught them off-guard on, d there was chaos in the C.A.C.

Our only i n t e r e s t in t h i s was tha t t he f u l l force of our influence was f e l t and our prognosis-was borne out'by events. . I t l e f t the C.A.C. exposed to i t s immediate periphery, l i t e the C.P.N.U., which drif ted into oblivion. So much so tha t when Golding went to see Havenga in Pre tor ia recently he could not find any Coloured man from an organisation of standing to accompany him .

Our l a s t conference discussed a* s ome length the l ega l action brought against the National Anti-C.A.D.T&yC*A.C. Golding and Ahmed Ismail. Conf erence d ecided that as these people had also sued the Torch Company on a similar charge of l i b e l , we should' aombine our efforts aaS pool our resouroes to fi^ght ihe case. The acrtion against the Torch, we f e l t , wa,s in the nature of a "ferial against the Leaders-ship whioh was avowedly moiBG-aollatoorationist and ant i -Quis l ing, and i f the Torch case was lo s t , the Anti-C.A.D.Committee would also

-5-receive a severe setback* The Torch case was our f i r s t l i n e

.of defence and we therefore gave the Torch Company a l l our a s s i s t ­ance. The ro le of the col laborators was so forcefully exposed, tha t the word collaborator or Quisling i s today part of our common po l i t i ca l vocabulary.

F inancia l ly ' the Torch 'cnse .cost the people about £3000. The Anti-C.A.D. Fund Raising Committee met and convened another Committee, BDOW the Torch Defence Committee. This Committ.ee, under the able leadership of Mrs. Fi fe , "'has raised over £2000.

This magnificent fund-raising campaign, however, has had a reverse effect on our own financial s t a t u s . Our Fund Raising Com^ mittee was embodied in the bigger one, and p rac t i ca l ly a l l independ­ent fund-raising was abandoned. This meant that our credi t balance of l a s t conference was soon used up, aid "by the end of 1949 we had" a :deficdt of £180. The secretary then decided tha t effor ts should be made to make the Committed solvent,but t o date we have only raised about £120 of the mohqy. We carried on with lo-ans aid since the "[beginning of t h i s year our work was retarded by our f inancial weak­ness . The Bul le t ins which h i the r to were issued regular ly every for tn ight , now had perforce to be sent out i r r egu l a r l y .

We have par t ic ipa ted in every movement tha t would enhance the p o l i t i c a l struggle^of the Non- European; We i n i t i a t e d the campaign against the Train partheid Regulations, and supported the Local Coordinating Unity^Committee when t h e ' t h r e e Slave B i l l s - the Regis t ra t ion Act, the Group Areas Act,- and the Suppression of Com­munism Act- were'passed.

' In conclusion we'would r e i t e r a t e that a g rea t dea l of hard work, of consolidation, i s to be done and each and every one must gul l h i s weight' i f we are t o be successful in. our s t ruggle .

Mr. M.S.Manie (Schotsche Kloof Tenants Association) moved, seconded by Mr- y. Sass (Elsies River Combined Ratepayers and Vigilance Association) the adoption of the Reports. This was aarr ied unanimously.

Chairman: We come now to the* t h i rd ' i t em on the agenda, the Mal&n-Havenga Proposals on the Coloured Vote. Councillor R.E# Viljoen wi l l lead the discussion.

Mr. Vil.joen: In introducing t h i s subject for discussion, I wish to s t a t e t h a t - t h e Non-Europeai s have been. on: the.*retreat since 1910, We have been on the reitreat and a l l along the l ine we have ' l o s t . Today we have reached the l a s t d i t ch , and I firmly bel ieve, and so do you, that i t i s jus t here where a stand' i s going to be made. In 1910,, the Act of Union came about. We fotmd tha t we were p rac t i ca l ly disfranchised. But even before Union, we found through the qual i f ica t ions which existed then that the vote was loaded against u s . -

By the A0t of Union in 1910; Section 44(c), only-Europeans could go to the House of Assembly. Again, in Section) 26(d), the same applied to the Senate. So we can see r i ^ i t from the beginning our vote became p rac t i ca l ly use less , because we were aut r ight in ' half . An(j again in 1930 when the White women were'given the vote, and in 1931 when a l l White males received the vote, without any qual i f icat ions whatsoever, we s t i l l found tha t the Coloured vote ' ' or t h e Coloured voter , had to have cer ta in qua l i f ica t ions , that ' i s , he had to have a yearly income of £50 or own property to the value of £75 and he had to be able at l ea s t to write h i s name and f i l l in cer ta in clauses and paragraphs, and that posit ion remains today.

Then in Natalwe findywfe have about 300 Coloured people on'the Roll ad. about 3 or 4 Africans, and the qual i f ica t ions there are an income of £96 per annurn^ or property to the value of £50, In the

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Transvaal and the Free State the Non Europeans have no vote at a l l . In 1945 "the Coloured male voters were taken off the common r o l l and plaaed on a separate l i s t . We darned them tha t t h i s would happen. And t h i s , »r« Chairman, i s s igni f icant , that a l l these p o l i t i c a l attacks took plaae under the Unionist Party, the old South.African Party and the United Party. I t i s s t i l l s ignif icant to'day that the Civil Rights league and the Liberals want to defend the Con­s t i t u t ion of 1910, t h i s Consti tution which has made us"r-et*reat- and prac t ica l ly made us voiaeless as a N on -European people. In" 1956, as we should know, the Africans l o s t t he i r vote and they were given a Representative Council. I need not gb into d e t a i l s as to what happened to th is Representative Council^ but we know tha t the African people have a lso real ised today tha t the Representative Council' i s use less .

The argument put today by -"our f r i ends" , the White Libera ls , for reasons of the i r own,ifc';1iiat we Non-European peoples ajre* going to lose on the deal, i f we accept the Malan-Havenga Scheme* We know why we are going to, l o s e . We wil l lose because they want t o keep us off the common r o l l , because i t serves the purposes of the Her-renvolk. But we have got- to understand tha t we are not merelj against the taking away of the Coloured man from the commeon r o l l , ^hat i s not the important th ing. The important thing i s that we have got to ge t back what we los t in 1910. We must get t he fu l l franchise.

This i s the l a s t ditch, but the struggle her© i s not to p re ­serve'what we have today but to regain what we los t through' th£ years. We have come to the grand f i n a l e . The Unionist Party, the old South African Party arc! the United Party have kept us on the re t rea t since 1910, and today i t i s the Nat ional is t Government which i s staging the grand finaLe to place the Colouired people on a separate ^o t e r s 'Ro l l . This wi l l mean four Representatives in the House of Assembly, one in the Senate, end two iioc the Provincial Council.

As the Chairman mentioned im h i s report .about t h e Quislings, i t i s here tfoat; we must be on the alert. , because i t i s here t ha t a l i t t l e sop has been thrown out and a l i t t l e concession has been made. We must clean our ranks aid prevent any Quisling working t h i s law. We kn$w Golding and Co. went to Pre tor ia . They went for the specific object to work for a compromise- at the expense of the people.* More elements wil l be prepared to s e l l out the r igh t s of the people.

•-This i s not the f i r s t time tha t t h e Anti-C.'A.D. ha.s -discussed the vote. Prior to 1943 the Coloured Vote was al together & power in the game. Despite the fact t ha t we have a p a r t i a l vote , never­the less , we, are prepared to defend i t - not as the Liberals and the Quislings would- to bo l s t e r up the 1910 Constitution^ but as a -stepping stone to achieve the fu l l franchise for a l l . The p ro tec t ­ion of the skeleton vote i s a step' tow&r'ds organising the fL ght to regain what w e have l o s t since 1910i

In 1948 members of the ^nti-C.A. D. itoured the Cape in. connect­ion with the question of the vote.. We were opposed to voting for the Herrefrwolk p a r t i e s who would ^then use- our vote against our own i n t e r e s t s . Who were the people who t r i ed to stop u s - none other than Communist Party members, SD me A.P.O. members and Golding himself. The.bulk of these people are s t i l l prepared to work for e i the r the U#P. or the Nationalist 'Party. If we are t*d struggle successfully for the fu l l franchise, these Nori -European agents of the Herrenvolk must be exposed.

- Our f i r s t task wi l l thus be the defence of our exis t ing r i g h t s - not as a step imi i t s e i f , but as a means towards our ult imate goal. With these few words I wdsh to plocoe before Conference the Motion of the National Anti-C.A.D. Committeei r e l a t i ng to the Malan)-Havenga Agreement on the Coloured Vote. ' I hope s incerely that i t w i l l be ful ly discussed. I move:

- 7 -That t h i s conference of the Arrti-C.A.D. Movement:

(1) Rejects unconditionally the Mdlan-Havengi Proposals to place the Coloured Voter on a Separate, Communal Roll with spec ia l "Representation" in the Senate, House of Assembly. auDdL Provincial Council. (2) Reaffirms i t s re jec t ion of, and opposition t o , a Coloured Advisory Council, a Coloured.Representative Council .and a Coloured Affairs Department. (3) Urges upon theColoured people the necessity for fLgJiting these proposals to complete t h e i r p o l i t i c a l enslavement, aid for orgai i s -ing t h e i r forces upon the principled basin of the Anti-C.A J).Move­ment. (4) Rei tera tes i t s determination to work for the defeat of these discriminatory and oppressive schemes and for the extension of the ' fu l l franchise to a l l people in t h i s country, i r respec t ive of race, colour or sex.

Councillor H. BestenMer (Goodwood Vigilance Associat ion): I second the motion. Motion put aid carr ied u^ananrousiy.

AMr.'Dean then"; asked permission to speak? butihe Conference objected, Mr. B.M» Kies voicing the accepted opinion of the Confer­ence when he said tha t Dean had gone on deputation with Golding to Haven ga and no Quisling* or Quisling .had evrer been allowed to take pa r t - i n our Conferences. After the Rev. D.M*. Wessels had supported Mr. Kies, the conference decided against Mr, Bean's speaking.

Mr. F.G. Grammar said: That at Ithe'moment i t was not just a question of defending the Coloured vote; Ho said i t was a l a s t d i tch stand which we were making on the i ssue , aid tha t i t was not possible to r e t r ea t any further*. Since 1943 the leadership of the Coloured people had passed from the open supports-of various Herrenvolk-par t i es and today suah people were regarded as Quislings a n d - t r a i t o r s . In order to keep events in t h e i r proper perspect ive, he reminded Conference tha t t h e j inti-C.A. D. was only a part of the N.E.U.M., which had" i t s g rea tes t strength in the African section of the Non-Europeans.

Mr. H. Jaffe (Cr^e Anti-C»A .D. Committee) said: That even •s ince before-Union the Coloure-d' vote ha d not been over-valuaMe,

because few qualif ied as voters-, and since then there had been a steady decline in the value of the Non-European vote . The Malan-Havenga Agreement was the culmination of a whole se r ies of laws* which had been enforced to render the Coloured people vo ice less . The po l i c ies of the United Party and the Nat ional i s t s were i d e n t i c a l : to segregate a l l the N6n -Eur ope ails, end in o rder ' to do that: they were offering dummy councils and advisory boards. Locally, the •. HerrenTolk destroyed the exis t ing municipal r i gh t s by the Tfruilding of Sub-Economic Housing Schemes. The onslaught on the Coloureds followed the same pat tern a-s"that applied to the Africans in the three notorious Acts of 1936.

Up to now thefre had been no l e g i s l a t i v e framework for car ry-• ing out tha t pol icy, but the' Malan-Havenga Agreement would' f i l l the vacancy when i t became law. The defence of the ex i s t ing r i gh t s was an essential step.iim the f ight for fu l l democratic r i g h t s .

The Agreement was, he continued, th6 beginning of a new policy of enslavement. Since the time of Rhodes, "the policy of t he Herren-volk had been to el slave the Non-Europeans. Slavery had urot been introduced in 1910, but had been introduced by the Glen Grey A<rt of 1894.

Selborne had been a great d i sc ip le of the divide and.^rule pol icy . In 1927 Hertzog had unsuccessfully t r i e d to introduce t he Coloured Peoples' Rights^Bill in order t o prevent the I.C.U, from gaining too mtich power from the Coloured people, btrb during the past 15 -years , a new policy had been embarked upon. The same measures were applied to a l l sect ions of the N on -Europeans, as witness-, the Ad­visory Boards and dummy Representation in' Parliamenti >

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Yet, he continued, i t would be fol ly to imagine tha t the policy of divide and rule had been abandoned. The policy was now amended, so tha t the Herrenvolk could dominate and rule through Quislings. Murderous l eg i s l a t ion was being propped up by the Quislings, who were our immediate enemies. The proposed Coloured Quisling Councils were to be the l ink between the Coloured people and the S ta t e . I t was therefore necessary for us to del iver our f i r s t blows against the Quislings. Administrative l eg i s l a t i on against the Coloured people would have the same effect as similar l eg is la t ion had on the Africans, namely, educat ional ,s tarvat ion, the destruction of p o l i t i c a l r i g h t s , and economically the Coloureds would be reduced to the same plane as ' the African. In order to f rust ra te the plans of the Herrenvolk,. we would have t.6 wage & • re len t less war against the 'Quis l ings and Collaborators. Unity on a principled bas i s would have to be b u i l t up, as that was an i n -

'timate part of the s t ruggle and could not be separated from the ultimate aim, of full democratic r igh ts -

Mr. B.M. Kies said that the present s i tua t ion was not a beginning of the s t ruggle. Once people saw tha t the present s i t ­uation was not an isolated accident, but par t of a plan, we would be able to understand how* to f ight and to win back what,'was los t or what we never have had. Some enemies had said tha t the Ant i -C.A.D. was^not concerned about the Coloured vote: tha t was'a d i s ­to r t ion . The Coloured vote has been very s teadi ly reduoed, never­theless on*uthat issue the Coloureds would have-to make a l a s t - d i t c h stand. I t was important for us to remember that from tha t point we would have to go forward.

Since the South Africa A0t of 1910 th,e Coloureds had gone back s teadi ly , and now, more than ever, i t was necessary for us to avoid the trap of thinking t h a t we were d i f fe ren t from other N on-Europeans. Pe t i t ions , lobbying end deputations had been of no ava i l .

Since 1943 the Anti-C.A.D. had been t ry ing to teach the Coloured people a di f ferent method of f ight ing . F i r s t l y , i t had taught the people t h a t , despite the measures taken against the Coloureds or o t h e r s , ' t h e Non-Europeans should not work the measures brought against them. That was important as part of a; new t r a d i t i o n of struggle that had to be b u i l t up.- I r respect ive of any l e g i s l a t ­ive measures introduced against I&S, the b as ic struggle for f u l l democratic righis had to continue.

Golding and the United Party press have t r i ed to turn the Coloured people brick t o the old road. They had made much of the 11 sancti ty of the South Africa A0 t", but the only thing sacred in i t , as far as he could see, was the / super ior i ty of the r i g h t s of the Herrenvolk. He warned against being turned away from the road of long end continuous struggle for ful l democratic r i g h t s .

Since 1943 a l l the main dai l ies 'had been ranged against us, because of our new method of s t ruggle . Today* many of the ideas which we at that time propagated are accepted. While we have made ideological gains, the in te rna t iona l s i tua t ion has l e f t t h e Herren­volk in a more'precarious pos i t ion . I t had to be c lear in our' minds, however, that v\hile we were outside of the body pol i t ic ,we oould not prevent l eg i s la t ion from going through, but we w6uld have to work on the broader front of unifying the Non-Euio peans.

He concluded by saying tha t while our pos i t ion appeared to . be more c r i t i c a l than i t was eightJyears ago, i t was stronger beaause of ihe growth of our ideasi

Mr.Papert (Transvaal) : I want to say something towards clarifying one other aspect of the process of col laborat ion. The rule of the Quisling in t h i s country has up to now been di f ferent from that of the Quislings outside South Africa. Here t h e i r ro le has b e e n , ' f i r s t l y to f rus t r a t e the growth of na t iona l - l ibe ra tory movements, which aim at the destruct ion of oppression, and secondly

- 9 -they have been used to intensify the p o l i t i c a l end soc ia l enslave­ment of the people.

Mr. B. Bavasah (Goodwood): Mr. Chairman, as we'are deal ing with ihe question of "the vote, tha t discussion of Mr. Papert should rea l ly form part of the discuss ion "Methods of Struggle" •

Mr. Papert : I shal l just ' round off my point . When we struggle against the Malan-Havenga Pact,, we should have a long-term perspect­ive . We must spread-ideas which prevent the "Hattas" and.'.others from f rus t ra t ing the p o l i t i c a l aspi ra t ions of the peopled

Mr. I .B. Tabata : There are one or two points which might be brought up. I would l ike to underscore a point which has, been raised a l r eady . ' We have been accused of bel ieving that the vote i s of no use to us , and t h a t we have no in tent ion of doing anything about i t . Some people when disoussing the matter of the vote, have been dancing on eggs. When the Anti-C.A.D. carna into being, i t s main task was to teach the people to re jea t i n f e r io r i t y and t o i n ­scribe on t h e i r banners "Nothing l6ss than Pull Ci t izenship". The resu l t was, tha t t h e idea crept in , even among some of our own people, tha t we would have nothing to do with exis t ing r i g h t s i The reason: i s , tha t some of our own people cannot understand c lear ly what our ' a t t i t u d e " i s . If a man comes to your plac;e arid takes away your land, leaving jus t your house, you are v i r t ua l l y a prisoner i n your own house. Will you say: "What i s t he use of the house if I have no land ?" If the man now takes away your mules and donkeys, you do not say : "What i s the "use of a donkey without land to plough?". ' You defend that donkey. And i f he comes and tatess away your hat , you defend tha t h a t . But here i s a ' s l i g h t d i f f e r e d e. You do not sock him merely for taking your ha t . All the time you are preparing to recover everything you have los t before. That i s the "position in which we find ourselves today i As free men and as equals of everybody else in the country, we have always sa id , our present vote i s useless , tha t i s in comparison with our former s t a te and future s ta te at.which we hope to a r r i ve . That docs not mean we wil l allow them to take away our votel

I also want to d eal with what at l eas t a nominal, vote means. If a foreigner enters the country, he has no vote , i s not a. c i t i zen , and has no l igh ts in the land. ; The taking away of the vote"means the taking a.wa.y of c i t i zensh ip . The Coloured male who has jus t the vote l e f t , i s s t i l l within* the same house, as the r e s t of t h e countryj even i f he i s only in the backyard or the ki tchen. Drive him out, and he no lorger belongs t h e r e . Therefore he i s no longer a oi t ixen in - t he country and, most important, cannot b>uy land. I would l ike to remind you of the African who also had t h i s half-vote and had the r ight to buy land wherever he l iked . This half-vote was taken away. Now he odxi only buy land with the permission of the Siperior Shief (Governor General). In other words, the African i s not a nat ional i n v h i s own country. He has been reduced to the s ta te of a foreigner. This" is the importance of the new B i l l regarding the Coloured vote . We may go on to read t h i s ' measure with the Group Areas Act. Nominally at least.' segregation may be appl ied-provided i t i s applied equitaMy. Up to now therefore."in applying the Group Areas AGt, we s t i l l had the r igh t to p r o t e s t s But the moment they take away the r igh t to vote, the Coloured man i s no l o n g e r a c i t izen and has no r igh t to protes t against discriminat ion.

SOme wi l l say i t merely means shif t ing from a Corfimon Roll to another. But in no country are. there two c i t i z e n s h i p s . ' I t is not a mere matter of shif t ing from one book to aiocother book. I t i s the removal of th6 Non-European from the s t a tus of ha l f -c i t i zensh ip to nothing at a l i i We have therefore- to f igh t t o come back to our country. Our struggle i s not merely to defend .staying in the backyard. I t i s a f ight to get back into the house.

The Chairman has pointed out tha t one of the g r e a t e s t con­t r ibu t ions of the Anti-C.A.D. was to break* away from the Herrenvolk to which we were tied through the Libera ls . In our f i ^ i t we must

-10-

guard against any se l l -ou t , because that will t i e us again to the Liberals and therefore the Herren^olk. We have carvedjout an i n ­dependent path and we must maintain i t . The slogan of the 'Libera ls "Defend the Consti tut ion", i s .our f i r s t point, of ...departure. We do not defend t he 'Cons t i t u t i on . Let us be aware* of t he "-Liberals; they wil l t r y devious means to get back to us . The question of. the " lesser evilM must be dea.lt with once and for a l l . The U.P. and the Liberals , exposed fully in the l a s t tw6 sessions, ' are not interested in the defence of the Coloured vo te . They are in te res ted ' in maintanihg the Union Const i tut ion. Whatever B i l l was brought in, a United Party speaker would get up and say:" I want'to make i t clear that , on :princ iple I am not opposed to the B i l l , b u t . . . . . . " They make i t quite c lear that they are not opposed to t h e - B i l l s . But t h e Bi l l s are d i rec ted against us . So these people cannot be regarded as our a l l i e s in the, f igh t . To make i t c l ea re r you wi l l . remember tha t long before the'National i s t s came into power, i t was Lawrence who introduced the C.A.0. and the C.A.D., vhich was within the Department of Social Welfare, and separated the names from the Voters Roll . When Train Apartheid was introduced," Mr. Sturrock (United Party) was the man who painted the "boards. Sauer (Nation­a l i s t Party) hung the boards on the t r a i n s . Where i s the question of the l esse r e m l ? The Nat ional i s t s are merely carrying on where the United Party*left off I We must drive th i s lesson home to the people, because on p r inc ip le , the U.P. i s in agreement with the Nats. Our main task here i s t o take the Coloured man end plant him where he belongs so tha t he can get back what he i s ent i t led t6 as an aborigine of t h i s land. Y/e do not ask permission to be here . We are here by r ight and are enti-tOLed to a l l . the r ights of the country.

Mr. E. Ba,vasah : I want to dr ive home one point , not knowing * if we have any delegates here present from the Northern Provinces. In Transvaal and the Orange Free State the Coloured aid the African have never had the vcte . As a r e s u l t the Government wi l l make great play of the fact tha t now the Coloureds in these Provinces will be represented in Parliament,, in the Provincial Council, and have a say through Coloured Representative Councils. They wi l l say that the Coloured people wi l l be be t t e r off. The Coloured people in these areas must be made to see the fraud against the general po l i t i c a l baclsground.

Mr. 'Pa.pert : I want to make a few remarks about the Northern Provinces. There are about 27,000 Coloured people on the-Rand. The taking away of the Coloured vote does not apply, as the Transvaal, and Orange Free State people never possessed t h i s ha l f -vote i On the Rani the Coloured people see themselves as surrounded Hsyr a sea of Africans with whom they have not yet ident i f ied themselves. They look to the Coloureds of the Cape as the g nsoup to wHuich they belong and thus we can ©ay tha t they wi l l give support to the struggle of 1he Coloured people of t h e Cape.

A more serious aspect i s that the Nat iona l i s t s , through the Transvaalse Kleurling Volksbond, are going to say tha t they are going to give these p o l i t i c a l l y voiceless people something usefu"1.-The Quisl ings- Transvaalse Kleurling Volksbond-'are working hard to gain support; They form youth organisat ions, , go on deputat ions, and" i n f i l t r a t e into sports clubs. The Coloured people l ive in locationsi where even i f they own the house, the land belongs to the State . Under such conditions the re i s the danger tha t 1he Quislings may make som£ headway. The t a c t i c s of the Anti-C.A.D. in the Transvaal must "Ere to consolidate the feel ing that the-Coloured people of the Transvaal are part of the Coloured people of the Cape.' As i t i s a t present impossible to get the Transvaal

.Coloureds to draw d i rec t ly nearer to the Transvaal Africans, w e must encourage them to regard themselves as part of the National Anti-C.A.D. and. join up with the Africans through the Unity-Movement.

Mr* Sass: I t has been r eported in Durban pipers tha t the Coloured vote in Natal wi l l not be tampered, with, and as a r e su l t the two organisat ions- the A.P.O. and the C.P.N.U.-have decided

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not to b e s t i r themselves on the . q u e s t i o n .

The Chairman then ca l l ed on Mr. E.W. Hanmer t o g ive h i s opinion on the approach to t h e Malan-Havenga Proposals^

Mr. Hanmer: The p o l i t i c a l p o s i t i o n of t h e Coloured i n t h e Transvaal i s such t h a t we have no r i g h t s a t a l l . The eyes of the p e o p l e a re t h e r e f o r e focussed on the Cape. The Colourects i n the Transvaa l f e l t g r e a t l y alarmed when the apa r the id p roces s s t a r t e d i n 1he Cape. Most of them a re o r i g i n a l l y from t h e Cape a n d ' f e e l t h a t i t i s t he i r .home . We ±m the Transvaa l expected g r e a t e r p o l i t i c a l development i n t h e Cape a s a r e s u l t of t h e new oppress ive measures. When t h e new B i l l s of 1950, t h a t i s , ' t h e Group Areas B i l l , t h e Anti-Communist B i l l , were i n t roduced , we immediately go-fe" t o g e t h e r and d iscussed t h e problem. In order t o f ind all ies-r- we looked*around a t e x i s t i n g o rgan i sa t ions r -no t ing p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e i r p o l i c i e s . We were a t t r a c t e d by t h e po l icy of n o n - c o l l a b o r a t i o n of the Anti-C.A.D. and u l t i m a t e l y decided t o l i n k our o r g a n i s a t i o n , t h e Coloured Peoples Congress, t o t h e Na t iona l Ant i -C.A.D. I t was a tremendous s t r u g g l e , as many people were s t i l l i n c l i n e d t o fol low t h e old i d e a s of c o l ­l a b o r a t i o n . We a r e having a s t e r n b a t t l e t o i n c u l c a t e t h e idea of n o n - c o l l a b o r a t i o n . Over tures by t h e C i v i l R igh t s "League- t h e L i b e r a l s - t o ge t us to work with them, were r e j e c t e d . ' They a r e s t i l l t r y i n g t o get t he Coloured man to apcept therm as f r i e n d s ; but- we a r e g i v i n g them inc reas ing o p p o s i t i o n . We are de termined to s t and by t h e Anti-C.A.D. t o ihe end.

At t h i s s t a g e the r e s o l u t i o n moved by Counc i l lo r Vi l joen and seconded by Counc i l lo r B e s t e n M e r was put by t h e Chairman and c a r r i e d unanimously.

A t e l egram from t h e Wynberg and L i s - t r i c t Cr icke t Union was read, wishing Conference every success and promising a donat ion to ihe funds .

Th i s concluded t h e morning s e s s i o n .

The Chairman, Dr.G.H. Gool, opened t h e af te rnoon s e s s i o n a t 2 .20 .p .m.

METHODS OF STRUGGLE.

(a) POLITICAL.

, The d i scuss ion was . in t roduced by Mr. B.M. Kiesi Mri Kies said t h a t the Ant i -C.A.D. concept ion of a s t r u g g l e flowed d i r e c t l y from t h e p re sen t mode of a t t a c k made upon u s . ' In order t o p r e ­vent people from do ing umwise t h i n g s i n h a s t e , i t was e s s e n t i a l f i r s t t o s e t t l e t h e ques t i on of what we were up a g a i n s t .

The s t r u g g l e a t t h i s s tage i s p a r t of t i e s t r ugg l e of a minori ty g r o u p . The Coloured people were only p a r t of the whole Non-European oppressed , and a l l d i s c u s s i o n should t ake p l ace i n t h a t l i g h t . The p r e s e n t p o l i t i c a l , methods of s t r ugg l e were a l o g i c a l development of t h e theory and p r a c t i c e ofthe Ant i -C.A.D. sintfe 1943# There was no magic formula 'which oo ulcl e l im ina t e the Mal„.n-Havenga Pact o v e r n i g h t . . Every th ing which the A n t i - C . A . D . had warned a g c i n s t d u r i n g t h e , pa s t eigjit y e a r s was coming t o p a s s .

In 1943 H.G. Lawrence spoke of a ! , c o t e r i e of a g i t a t o r s . " We persevered because we knew, t h a t i t was an honest a t tempt t o s e t up a coun te r to ihe t h r e a t t o our r i g h t s and l i b e r t i e s . Now we could expect th& Herrenvolk rnd t h e i r agen t s again t o r e p e a t such "baseless a c c u s a t i o n s .

What was t 5 be done dur ing t h e coming per iod of s t r u g g l e ? Were t h e r e any ob j ec t i ons t o c e r t a i n methods , 'of s t r u g g l e ? No. Provided i t was a genuine method of s t r u g g l e . And t o decide- t h a t , a l l methods had t o be put t o the double t e s t : (a) Are t hey i n

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aooordanoe with the fundamentals of the 10-point programme? Are they in aooordance with t h e fundamentals of on independent struggle of on oppressed people, without any obligation to any p o l i t i c a l party ? (b) Are they effective••? Will they advance the struggle without sowing i l lusion's or leading into blind a l leys? Will thqy act iv ise and draw in the people ?

The speaker then applied t h i s double t e s t to some suggestions which had alreadytoeen made.

There was the sham opposition from the United Party and the Liberals . The f u l l M a s t of opposition to our programme would CJOHB fro© the Government pa r t i e s and we would have to f ight t ha t enemy, but he thought that i t would be more important to get c lar i ty on" the ro le of the hidden enemy, "who, by design, want us to land up in the camp of the open-enemy. The t r a d i t i o n of "friends of the Non-Europeans" ' and, " the lesser eml" has already permeated the l ives of the Coloured people. I t was imperative that ' the Anti~C.A.D. continued to stress* the fact tha t the United Party was the f i r s t of our hidden enemies.

: We would be chi ldish and stupid to 'believe t ha t the United Party would "be prepared to leave i t s &*8te to the Goldings and Deans alone. I t was important tha t we bear i n mind tha t when' a party has to count sea t s , as- in the present parliament, then a party in d i s in tegra t ion would use methods bordering on desparatioA. Throughout the Cape Province would a r i s e voices sowing dissension.

Of the Liberals , he saidi that under the cloak of the "growth of fascism" they could s t i l l come to the Coloured people, aid attempt to crawl into the ranks of the oppressed t o white-ant t h e i r organisations. Some eminent K.C. !s even expected'the Coloured people to be grateful, and to hand over to them the leadershipi The double t e s t had to be applied to them.

The old methods of s t ruggle , namely, by "deputations and the l i k e , had been practised for over forty years and he doubted whether there was any other oppressed group so sk i l led a t disdussing oppression with t h e i r oppressors, as the Coloured people . ' I f tha t policy had' not exposed i t s e l f during the past forty years , i t should have done S3 "during recent months by the deputation which went to see Havenga. The method cut r ight across our belief" that we should not seek pr iv i leges at the expense of those #10 were s t i l l mare oppressed than we. The ol m of tha t deputation had been to ask for special pr iv i leges for a minority of a minority group.

Another form of the -same method was that of p e t i t i o n s . The theory of tha t method was to go to the oppressor with a lo t of signatures. I t was a convenient method of s t ruggle , but the basic philosophy was foul . ' I t was a pernicious' ideology Tbe@ause i t believed that fascism, oppression and Herrenvolkism would'be upset by asking the oppressors to d e s i s t and because i t saps the strength ofjjthe oppressed aaad f i l l s them with fa lse hopes t ha t lead to desparation and.* have as a f i n a l r e su l t , the f rus t ra t ion of any form of s t rugg le .

- There was a th i rd form, namely, t e s t cases in the Supreme Court. Por the f i r s t time ±n South African h is tory K.O.'s we'fe f i^ i t ing ' for" 1he p r iv i l ege of carrying out a t e s t case. Our a t t i t ude , Mr. Kies said, should be t h a t , i f we were dragged into the law courts , we should defend ourselves as best we could; but to take the Herrenvftlfe t& t h e i r own law ©ourts would be the highest form of idiocy. The idea of taking the l e g i s l a t o r s to their own courts was t rag ic ra ther than absurd.

Another.form of struggle was appeals' to U.N.O. While the Anti~ C.A.D* had consis tent ly exposed the sham of U.N.O. our task had been made easier by i t s action in Korea. I t had exposed i t s e l f as an agency of the U.S.A., imperialism and White super ior­i ty throughout the world.

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Last ly, the speaker dismissed the idea of pleading"at the Bar of the House as being valueless for s imilar reasonsi

In the coming struggle, h.e continued, candidates would come from a l l p a r t i e s , and we would'have to infdrm a l l prospective candidates tha t anybody who offered himself as a candidate would be branded as one of the Herrenvolfir * who assis ted in s t r ik ing a blow against the C-oloured people and a l l the Non-European oppressed. In 1936 those who called for a boycott were no strong enough to carry the day, but now there had* been more time for preparation and we would have to make ourselves heard more strongly than ever before.

There was a"poss ib i l i ty tha t Coloured Provincial Councillors would be elected. The United Party had put out the ba i t and there was the poss ib i l i t y of the N a t i o n a l i s t s g r a n t i n g that concession. We had not to get sentimental on the question of colour. If any­body accepted nomination, he was as Mg and as dangerous :an enemy.

Next Mr. Kies spoke on the- question 6f Coloured Quisl ings. He said t ha t "Die Burger" in an e d i t o r i a l , had opined that Non-European p o l i t i c s were unreal i s t ic : and with a strange terminology, arxl that i t would eventually h i t i t s e l f on the nose. There had been people who had'heldl tha t opinion of the Anti-C.A.D. i n 1944 but who, sire e then, had been forced to a l t e r t h e i r views. In our own ranks we have had trouble from the beginning. The move­ment had been labelled as umChristian because of the boycott, but tha t was n o t s ^ i Any Non-European who worked the instruments of oppression was a Quisling or t r a i t o r . -The words were not terms of abuse, but l abe ls .

Mr. Kies then Warned that the pace would get s t i l l ho t t e r than i t was in*1943* and tha t the Quislings would become much more dangerousi Even i f the locaL Quislings did not 'have the tac t and , ta len t of Quislings in other countr ies , they served the same purpose. ' The boycott would have to be applied as never "before. The boycott of spec ia l - representa t ives , and the personal boycott of Quislings would have to be applied much more s t r i c t l y . Even the T.L.S.A.. could not be too sure t h a t there were not t r a i t o r s in t h e i r ranksi I t was easy & r us to see the open enemy, but i t would be fa l l ac ious for us to bel ieve that everybody : could•

' In/conclusion, he asked, who was going t o do the job. There were, he opined, too many learned."pundits who took a purely academic i n t e r e s t ' i n the movements Nobcody was being asked to do any fool ish th ing, but there was a place for everybody who desired to make a real cont.riTtoutioim ins ide the movement. H© said "tha.t t h e r e was a generation growing up who had no wi l l to do any work, and stressed* the importance of having new r e c r u i t s to help shoulder the work As the tasks teebame progressively more d i f f i cu l t , we should be able to make people r e a l i s e tha t evreryone had to become en individual un i t . Were tha t iiot done, the Non-Europeans would become even more disorganised^

• Mr,. Kies then mowed, seconded by the Rev. D.M. Wessels, tha t t h i s Conference:

"(1) Resolves to use .every principled and effective means of com­bat t ing , nul l i fying end defeating the Malan-Havenga Proposals (a) to place the- Coloured people upon a communal voters r o l l with special "representat ion", (b) to r e t a i l the Coloured Representative Council and (a) to es tabl ish a Coloured Aff t i i rs Department.

(2) Warns: agai nst the attempts' of Herrenvolk p a r t i e s , L ibera ls and aspirant candidates to diwert the indignation and struggle of the Coloured'people into tiseless channels by means of sham-a p p o s i t i o n " , ' d e p u t a t i o n s , p e t i t i o n s , appeals to the law courts and t o U.N.O., for the purpose of exp lo i t ing the s i tua t ion when the l eg i s l a t ion has been enacted.

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(3) Condemns as an'agent of Herrenvolk domination any White person, o^any par ty , oreed or sex, who seeks office as a "Coloured Representative" in the Senate, House of Assembly or Provincial Council.

(4) Braids as a Quisling or - trai tor any Coloured person who ass i s t s in the appl icat ion of the Malan-Havenga proposals, or seeks office in the Promncial Council, or on a Coloured or Representative Council.

(5) C a l l s upon the Coloured people t o boyco t t a l l " e l e c t i o n s " on the b a s i s of t h e s epa ra t e or communal r o l e , so a s to make the Malan-Havenga Scheme unworkable•

METHODS- OF STRUGGLE.•

j b ] ORGAWJSATIOPL,

This was in t roduced by % • A. F a t a a r .

Mr* F a t a a r : I t h i n k Mr. Kies i n h i s concluding remarks ha s given an e x c e l l e n t i n t r o d u c t i o n t o the o r g a n i s a t i o n aspec t of our methods of s t r u g g l e . He posed the q u e s t i o n - who i s going t o do the job -? The o r g a n i s a t i o n a l aspect: of the methods of s t rugg le must be taken a s the most important t a s k of Conference; o therwise a l l we have done today w i l l be wasted . The fac t t h a t t h e ques t ion has been r a i s e d again i s proof t h a t we have not taken the mat te r s e r i o u s l y b e f o r e . . IH i s dangerous t o harbour the i l l u s i o n t h a t once we unders tood the p o l i t i c a l l e s s o n , n o t h i n g more was r e q u i r e d of u s .

For t h o s e „.new t o t h e movement l e t us say immediately t h a t the Anti-C.A.D. h a s no c o n s t i t u t i o n . I t ha s a programme.''and a few. simple r e g u l a t i o n s to f a c i l i t a t e o r g a n i s a t i o n a l work. Our r e g u l a t i o n s a re r e a l l y in the n a t u r e of d i r e c t i v e s i s sued t o o rgan i sa t ions and t o the p e o p l e . Faced with overwhelming oppression by t h e Herrenvolk, and no s ing l e o r g a n i s a t i o n of t h e people s t rong enough t o lead t h e . p e o p l e , the need a rose and s t i l l e x i s t s for a broad f r o n t . A l l e x i s t i n g o r g a n i s a t i o n s wi l l ing t o s u b s c r i b e t o the programme were f e d e r a t e d i n t o one broad movemait. We were not concerned w i t h ' t h e bu i l d ing of a s ing le o r g a n i s a t i o n with i n d i v i d u a l members. Rather were we i n t e r e s t e d i n ' g e t t i n g t h e l a r g e s t number of peop le , ift e x i s t i n g organisations*, t o work t o g e t h e r on a p r i n c i p l e d ' b a s i s i A l l '•. o rgan isa t ions} w h e t h e r ' p o l i t i c a l , c i v i c , church, e d u c a t i o n a l , spor t ing e t c . , have a r i g h t t o o rgan i se and a t t e n d t o t h e i r l oca l end s p e c i f i c f u n c t i o n s as b e f o r e , but now have a duty to the people as a yifaole to work t o g e t h e r for one common aim, on a p r i nc ip l ed b a s i s . We i n t he Anti-C.A.D. used the broad f ront t o campaign a g a i n s t t h e C.A.C. and the C-.A.D. The Nat iona l A n t i -C.A.D. Movement t h u s should c o n s i s t of Coloured o r g a n i s a t i o n s * organised in l o c a l Ant i -C.A.D. Committees in towns, dorps and v i l l a g e s , i hese s c a t t e r e d l o c a l Anti-C.A.D. Committees a re he ld toge the r by the Nat iona l Anti-C.A.D. Committee, cons i s t i ng*of s ix o f f i c i a l s ax& . r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s from the above commit tees . Each l o c a l aommittee sends one r e p r e s e n t a t i v e , i f i t has one t o t e n o rgan i sa t ions a f f i l i a t e d ; two, for e leven t o twenty o r g a n i s a t i o n s ; t h r e e , for t w e n t y o n e t o t h i r t y o r g a n i s a t i o n s ; and four fb r ower t h i r t y o r g a n i s a t i o n s . Local committees a r e e s s e n t i a l everywhere. There i s always a church , and aifc l e a s t an I . O . T . T . , a s p o r t i n g body, a t e a c h e r s o r g a n i s a t i o n and p o s s i b l y a r a t e p a y e r s or v ig i l ance o r g a n i s a t i o n . I t should be poss ib l e to ge t a t l e a s t two of t he se o r g a n i s a t i o n s t o form a l oca l ' commi t t ee o f the Nat iona l Anti-C.A.D. I f t h e a rea i s smal l , or backward, one o rgan isa t ion can form t h e nucleus of 1he l o c a l Ant i -C.A.D. o rgan­i s a t i o n .

.We f ind "there were a t one ' t ime l o c a l committees* of ihe • n t . i -C.A .D. in p l a c e s l i k e Kimberley, Port E l i z a b e t h and Johannesburg.

- 1 5 -We do not think that delegates ca-n say that; there were" so. many c r i t i c i sms o f t h i s form of organisation,proving tha t the form was a f a i l u r e . "I t means tha t we never took the formation of. local committees seriously at a l l . As stated e a r l i e r , as ' long as we accepted the p o l i t i c a l ideas, other's could do the work, and a l l would be wel l .

Since- 1943 the Anti-C.A.D. had done three or four t h i n g s -aided in building up exis t ing organisat ions, po l i t i c i s ed them, helped to build up a new leadership in various organisations and made a drive towards uni ty . This was necessary because of the absence of any strong organisat ions. Speakers have pointed out

, tha t our aim was fu l l c i t i zensh ip . I t was therefore a greater necessity to bui ld up loca l committees in order to defeat r epress ­ive measures and ' s t r ive towards our goal . Im Order to combait the C.R.C. e lec t ions , an ' e s sen t i a l would be local committees in every town aid <8Lorp# The question was a serious one and should be tackled immediately. We must s t a r t now i The respons ib i l i ty res ted on, each and every one. The Anti-C.A.D. must become t ru ly na t iona l . The National Committee must have representat ives from a l l over South Africa. In 1943^Conference set out c lear ly the main functions of local committees.

There were thus many tasks which a loca l Anti-C.A.D. Committee could carry out. The committee must always be in contact 'with of f ic ia l s oi d executives of a l l progressive organisat ions, with a view to get t ing more and more organisations a f f i l i a t e d on a' principled basis Meetings of all desc r ip t ions - house meetings, public meetings, open-air meetings, must be held- to teach the people the pr inc ipal lessons . Local p o l i t i c a l struggles should also "be carried on under the banner of the Anti-C. A.D. Local committees were also expected to work with other Non-European organisations in Local Coordinating Unity Committees.

The resolut ions which the speaker was going to move were of a very familiar form. He sire erely hoped tha t Conference would take i t seriously and make a determined effort to put them into p rac t i ce .

Mr. A. 'Pataar moved, seconded by Mr. Duz'e (African Voters Association), tha t t h i s Conference:

(1) Takes a veiy grave view of the f a i l u r e of the*Coloured people to consolidate organisat ional ly the tremendious ideological advance they have* made during the past eight years , since the Anti-C.A.D. Movement!: was founded in 1943, and solemnly warns against the retarding, "if not cr ippl ing, effect of the present organisat ional weaknesses.

(2) Warns the Coloured people tha t i t will be extremely d i f f i c u l t to wage an effective struggle against the Malan-Havenga Proposals, and prac t ica l ly impossible to use the boycott: with the maximum effect, unless they take immediate s teps ' to r e v i t a l i s e the i r organisations and bring them to ' s t r eng th , to make them act ively aware of t h e i r p o l i t i c a l dut ies , and to coordinate them in Local Anti-C.A.D. Committees throughout the country.

(3) Urges ewery organisation and delegate present to give par t icu la r a t ten t ion to the p o l i t i c a l enlightenment md organisat ­ion of the unorgenised masses.

(4) Rei tera tes t ha t , in the Anti-C.A.D. Movement there i s a place for every type of o rgan i s a t i on - ' po l i t i c a l , c iv ic , t rade union, educational, welfare, v ig i lance , church, Sporting- which is prepared to play i t s par t in a pr incipled, independent struggle against the Malan-' Haven gx Proposals and for fu l l c i t izenship r i g h t s .

Conference then adjourned for t e a .

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Miss J . Gool' : Mr. Chairman, while we can say we have made pol i t i ca l progress, we 6annot say we have done so organisat ional ly . At present there i s a method employed of s t i r r i n g up' the people and a climax i s achieved througjh a big demonstration, and a f t e r < that nothing is accomplished. As a sole method of struggle i t i s something "to be condemned. We have nothing'against demonstrations, if thqy form one of the methods of s t ruggle , which help to pin the masses down to something bigger and b e t t e r . The Anti-C.A.D. has "been established and Anti-C.A .D. Committees have bfeen brought int9 feeing solely to offset the l imi ta t ions of demonstrations. If the Anti-C.A.D. Committees were b u i l t up in every dorp, then the demonstration only comes at ihe end to r a l l y the people to a aertain s t ruggle .

Another method, often pract ised in Cape Town and t.6 be decried, i s t he continual formation of adi hoc ©ommitteesi ...Ad hoc ..committees have the i r use, but cer ta in organisat ions have taken th i s form of organisation out of t h e i r place, because they use them to lead to another demonstration. Ad hoc; committees axe formed'today and fade out tomorrow, with no permanent value to the people.

One word ers why these organisat ions employ these methods, and if we inves t iga te , we find tha t i t is a her i tage from the past. . The Chairinan spoke about the period preceding the Ant i -C.A.D. Movementj'at that time organisations were a l l i so la ted from one another. The masses were turning away. The leaders of that day had to think of a quick.way of r a l l y ing the people for an election, a l l in the excitement of the hour. And af te r the electtorn i t died away. That i s the sort of heri tage we have got. That was the ..atmosphere and the a t t i t u d e we received, when ithe" Anti-C. A.D. was launched and to t h i s day that a t t i t u d e remains.

Besides t ha t , we have a number of people who, instead of adopting a more thorough form of organisation, l ike the Anti-C.A.D., have adopted the habi t of taking up wild-cat schemes. We wi l l continue to have these schemes, because people bel ieve there i s a short-cut to freedom; they do mot bel ieve in building an .., organisation from the "bottom up. I was ra ther disappointed in Mr. Fa taar ' s approach. If we can get .every delegate; conyinpe<$ of the absolute necessi ty of building up t h e i r own organisat ions f i r s t , and then other organisat ions, then we will have a strong Coloured campaign. When you speak to African people, THEY gp straight to the problem. When you broach the question of organ­isation to an African, today, HE'accepts . i t . They have no i l l u s i o n s . But'amongst the Coloured people, Who have always a lo t of other things in which they are absorbed, we find they are simply, not interested in-f ight ing a b a t t l e . They are not int erested. in aoming to me.etingsi They jus t d r i f t . The people know the nec^* essity. f or organisation, they possess the pass ion ' for i t , but there i s no educated person to carry them forward. There i s a responsibil i ty on those who are educated. By attending a meeting like t h i s , evefy educated person must be prepared to take"up the responsibi l i ty , or h i s attendance i s absolutely worthless• When a young person goes out from here'with the decis ion tha t he wi l l organise somewhere in the country, i f he takes t h i s respons ib i l i ty on himself, he wi l l be" advancing the movement. The organisation consists of individuals , and i t i s the talcing up of r e spons ib i l ­i t i e s that will mature a person. We must understand that today there is a lack 'of educated people, and a lack of responsiblet educated people. The mortal i ty ra te of responsible people in the r.L.S»A.'is fas te r than the/iate of.people wil l ing to take,up the movement.

The l as t point I want to make i s tha t i t i s not suff icient to say that there was a lack of cohesion and a lack of coordination, ind that there are periods of upliftment and slowing downi I. , wonder if anybody bel ieves that the 10-point programme is some­thing they wi l l not sacr i f i ce as long as they l ive ? Our apathy flows from a lack of conviction. There i s something wrong with

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t h i s s t a t e of affairs* Our very ..meeting today, while i t i s a*good aonferenc e under present condit ions, i s not what i t should "be. There are many organisations not represented here ; the A.P.O. and some Teachers League branches are not represented. , Why are they not here ? We must r ea l i s e tha t unless we build up o rur.organisat­ions from the bottom, there wi l l not be a na t iona l struggle . We wil l remain where we are..- I ask you to qonsider ' this matter very seriously, because i t demands every fee l ing tha t 'you have for the 10-pbint programme and for the nat ional s t ruggle .

Mr. F. Grammar : Early t h i s afternoon Mr. Kies introduced the discussion on the p o l i t i c a l methods of s t ruggle . After the analysis , we came to the conclusion that the boycott was the most effective method of s t ruggle . We have proof tha t the Herrenvolk know that the people wil l take to hear t the lesson of non-collabor­at ion. Let me read you the leader of the "Forum!1: "The movement among t h e Non-Europeans for non-cooperation of any kind with the White man'has gained strength and adherents in the course "of 1950. Next year, the fulfilment of the threa t to remove the Cape Coloured voters from the cammbn r o l l , and thus destroy the franchise r i gh t s they have enjoyed since 1853, wil l make the s i tuat ion much worse". Here we h&ve the Liberals t e l l i n g the Government in power : " Look out t Th'e Coloureds wil l form a united front with "the Africans and take up the cudgels of non-col lab or a t ioni".\ More proof than t h i s we do not need to show that we are on the r i ^ i t road.

During 1950 we must have noticed how feverishly the. sporit-ing bodies were organising. These very organisations provided the hiding ground for people 'who should be f ight ing with us in the Anti-C.A.i). and Unity Movements. When they receive i n v i t a t ­ions to attend Conference, they very blandly say : " This i s a tennis "assocL at ion ", or " This i s a footbal l associat ion", and we cannot have ^poli t ics" . The same .thing applies to t rade union organisat ions.

Mr. V. Sass : Mr. Chairman, there ar£ two types of Liberals ; the United Party English-speaking Liberals,* and the S.A.B.R.A. the Nationalist or Afrikaans-speaking L ibera l s . We do not accept the word of the. Nat iona l i s t s who say we wi l l give apartheid with equal f a c i l i t i e s . We must "teeware of the Quislings. Their task i s to make oppression more palatable to the masses. All a c t i v i t i e s , a.ll meetings of the Libera ls , must "fire boycotted.

Mr. ftapert : Referring jto what Mp# Grammar said, I wish to remark tha t in the Transvaal the Coloured organisations are every b i t as strong on- the colour bar as the White ones. The Transvaal Coloured grSup.is important in tha t -it i s surrounded by a large African majority and occupy a s t r a teg ic posi t ion on the Rand. If the Coloured people on the Rand are to uni te with the Coloured vpeople of the Cape, they should be p o l i t i c a l l y conscious and Non-European conscious.

"Now the question a r i ses of get t ing organisations to a f f i l i a t e to the Anti-C.A.Di. I t seems to me to be dangerous t o say simply that.we must g e t ' a l l organisat ions to a f f i l i a t e . We may anfagonise the Africans, i f we allow organisat ions to a f f i l ­ia te which a c t contrary to the i n t e r e s t s of the Anti-C;A.D*. We must be cer ta in of "the sincerity of the Coloured bodies, before they can. a f f i l i a t e . The posi t ion of the Coloured people in the Transvaal i s a d i f f i cu l t one. Because 'of the i r privileged economic posit ion, . there are large numbers infected by racial ism.

Our main task on the Raxipd i s to engage imi "what might be a very long.process of educating the people. This, ra ther than encouraging the"ex is t ing organisations t o a f f i l i a t e , i s the important th ing .

Mr. H.Jaffe: .* I want to deal with the d i f f i cu l ty which Mr. Papert has ra i sed . He says tha t in th e 'Transvaal the d i f f i cu l ty

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i s that many Coloured organisations have a t a c i t or open "fear against Africans | and before we can draw them into local commit-" tees, we must have some assurance that they wil l drop these bars . If we were to apply that idea nothing wil l be bu i l t up e i ther in the Transvaal or here in the Cape. The. business of eradicating these prejudices " is done inside t h e Movement i t s e l f and outside the organisation. When an" organisations is prepared to a f f i l i a t e , i t shows a cer ta in advance. "In the Anti-C.A.D. we do everything we can to combat these ideas . Many organisations which a f f i l i a t e d to thewCape Anti-C.A.D. once had a bar , but t h i s was thrown out after joining the Anti-C.AJK The business of breaking down the bars takeqplace during"the process .of the. movement i t s e l f . We dare not apply what Mr, Papert has ra ised or else nothing would take plaae. There would be a bigger bar against Africans ge t t ing together with Ooloureds i f we did not 'allow Coloured organisat ions to a f f i l i a t e .

Mr. I .B. Tabata said that we would have to find out what had prevented us from being even more successful than we were. ' I t would have been fine to tee'able to declare a general s t r i ke , but conditions were against i t . One of the big obstacles s t i l l to he overcome was tha t many, who in words proclaimed our beliefs," did not do sd in actual p r ac t i ce . Some people did/not yet bel ieve in equality. If everybody was convinced, they would see to i t tha t nothing would/place us in a posit:*cant' of i n f e r i o r i t y . . As an instance of t h i s d isbel ief in equal i ty, he c i ted the T.L.S.A.V which had only nine branches represented a t the4 Conference. They had not oonoerned themselves, he allegpd,"because they were sa t i s f ied with the i r posi t ion of inequal i ty . A n -those who had not taken an active in te res t in the Anti-C.A.D. had, l ike the .T.L.S.A. assisted in our oppression. By not being int erested,. they had become accomplices to the cr imes.

Rev. D.M.Wesselsispeaking in Afrikaans, said t h a t , as a pastor , 'he considered the boycott to "be one of our most important weappns. For too long in the past we had had too much pat ience, and we were too eas i ly sa t i s i f ed with the sops of love and cha r i ty . The present posit ion of the Non-Europeans was largely due to the fact that certain! Chris t ians were not prepared*to stand by cer ta in Christian t ene t s , one of'which was uprightness. Those who profess Christianity had to c a l l a spade a spade. I t was a socia l ly necessary duty to brand and expose t h e t r a i t o r s * Wrong had to be punished, and because the t r a i t o r s sinned p o l i t i c a l l y , they had to be punished. They had to be i so la ted &nd boycotted i In support­ing th-e motion he cal led for a more intense boycott . He s a i d ' t h a t , despite eight years of t r a in ing in the ways of the Herrenv61kr there were s t i l l some who pers is ted in the i r perverse ways.. Our present position would have been appreciably be t t e r if, there had been uniformity of ideas, i f the Quislings had b.een exposed by a l l at every tu rn .

The fear complex had been far- too evident; and r e su l t an t ly there had been a de te r io ra t ion organisa t ional ly . The Quislings had oaused far too much Iteouble and they had to . "be punished. I f any repented, and tha t could only'be proved by t h e i r l iv ing act ions , by a complete break with the past , and b y t he i r unconditional; acceptance of the 10-point programme,^ we would'accept them. I f however, they should on]y died crocoailfe t e a r s , we would never forgive them.

Mr. C. Petersen (N.E.F.) : We should not come and accuse any group who $hould be in the movement, because they are not fully represented*'" " I fee l we should work from some specific centre. I think Mr. Fataar made ra ther l igh t work of "the question:, of selling or d i s t r i bu t i ng l i t e r a t u r e * .'Someone in the organisa t ­ion of which I am the. delegate , suggested tha t t h e Anti-C.A.D. should have a badge. • Wearing such a "badge might make everybody who belongs to the Anti-C.A.D. more aware of h i s position* There are many l i t t l e ways in which we. can put to practical , use the resolutipns. of Conference. Y/e have to go ourselves ' to whatever

-19-*

people we mefct and b r i n g to t h e i r n o t i c e t h a t they should n o t , for. i n s t a n c e , use t h e word "Kaff i r" • We must go down t o t h e people who a r e oppressed .

Counc i l lo r R.E. Vil.joen : I wish to 'warn t h e Conference t h a t a new t y p e of Quis l ing was being c r e a t e d . I t was a type of Quisr-l i n g who i n f i l t r a t e d i n t o o u r ' o r g a n i s a t i o n s and spoke l i k e one who suppor t s t h e Anti-C.A .D..,but who was i n r e a l i t y working f o r the enemy* They were c l o s e a s s o c i a t e s of some .ex-C.A.C.men: and d id t h e d i r t y work f o r t h o s e peop l e . The Anti-C.A .D. had'grown weak a t one t ime , but new t h a t t h e f a u l t had been l o c a t e d , i t was our duty t o r e s t o r e i t t o t h e v i t a l p o s i t i o n i t had seven y e a r s ago . He a l s o ' a p p e a l e d t o d e l e g a t e s t o s t r e s s the impor t ­ance of t h e boyoo t t .

B r / N. Murison (GLeemoor Civi© A s s o c i a t i o n ) : We are aware t h a t we a re weak organisat ional- ly and t h a t t h e i n t e l l e c t u a l s who a re in c o n t r o l of c e r t a i n o r g a n i s a t i o n s have boycot ted t h i s aon~ f e r e n c e . We must s t r e s s t h e po in t t h a t i t i s only through the Anti-C.A.D. t h a t o r g a n i s a t i o n s must j o i n t h e Unity Modernenit.

The Chairman them put 1he two r e s o l u t i o n s on t h e methods of s t rugg le t o t h e vo teo ( see pages 13*14 and 15 above ) . 'Bo th were passed unanimously. . Conference adjourned u n t i l 8 p.m.

FINANCIAL REPORT.

Mr. • ^ a t a a r , ' the t r e a s u r e r , s t a t e d t h a t s ince t h e 3a s t conference held in March 1948,"we hod r o l l e a t e d £511*0 .3 . During t h a t pe r iod v/e spen t £ 5 0 9 i l 5 . 2 . The c r e d i t b a l a n c e a s a t t h e 4th January 1951 was £1.5«1* The income has come l a r g e l y from house p a r t i e s , rummage s a l e s and some dona t ions . Our main i tem of expend i tu re , almost our only i tem, was t h e p roduc t ion of the ' b u l l e t i n , the pr in t ing* of thefdecisions" of t h e ' l a s t ' c o n f e r e n c e , and t h e minutes of t h e l a s t confe rence . Paper , ink , postage and s t a t i o n e r y , t h e r e f o r e , accounted fo r the main i tems of e x p e n d i t u r e .

Expenses in connect ion with t h e running of t h i s ronfe renae are not inc luded in t h i s f i n a n c i a l r e p o r t .

Our income today lm f ees and donat ions i s £35*16.9#, so t h a t our n e t t cash c r e d i t ba lance i s £ 3 7 . 1 . 1 0 .

Our "franking account i s opera ted by the Sec re t a ry and myself a t the Barc lays Bank, Claremont .

Chairman: V/e have, to cons ide r ways and means of r a i s i n g money f o r t h e coming campaign. The minutes of t h i s conference w i l l be coming out soon. There i s a l s o the ques t ion of f inanc ing the campaign and t h e ma t t e r of p u b l i s h i n g b u l l e t i n s . In order t o do a l l ithe work, we need money.

Mr. I . 'Bawasah: Send out l i s t s 1

Chairman: The l i s t s go ou t , the money i s c o l l e c t e d , but t h e l i s t s do not come back . I t h i n k t h a t every l o c a l committee must r a i s e money- by means of h o u s e - p a r t i e s , d r a m a t i c e v e n i n g s , and other mearis. The r e s p o n s i b i l i t y must not be s h i f t e d onto t h e t r e a s u r e r .

Mr. I . Bavasah: I sugges t t h a t the/f inance committee "toe formed. I t should e x p l o i t such i d e a s a s rummage s a l e s , c o m p e t i t ­ions and b a z a a r s .

Mr. R. Taylor (Claremont Branch T .L .S .A. ) t The b i g drop in the amount of money r a i s e d i s ' in p r o p o r t i o n t o the amomnt of work done. We have dle&dded today to b u i l d up the o r g a n i s a t i o n s and a u t o m a t i c a l l y , when t h e campaign i s s t a r t e d , we w i l l g e t i n l a r g e r sums of money.

- 2 0 -

. Rev* D.M. Wessels : There are many simple ways of r a i s i n g money. The house p a r t i e s haVe ca t e r ed for t h e e l i t e and the i d l e r ich Non-European. Let us g e t down to t h e l e v e l of t h e peop le . At the beg inn ing we had simple p a r t i e s and we must get , back to" that and get t h e workers . I suggest Klawerjas d r i v e s . Klawerjas p a r t i e s do not need much expendi ture and the simple people who matter w i l l support these d r i v e s . Then y o u . w i l l .get money from the worker and from the many who want to be l i b e r a t e d .

T reasu re r : 'We cannot d i smiss t h e . idea of p a r t i e s as Mr. Bavasah has done, because a p a r t from jramfele s a l e s , t h e only money aomes from p a r t i e s . The t r o u b l e i s , t h a t t h e p a r t y h a s always t o fee held i n the same house . More people should oome forward, even if they offer t h e i r house only onae a yea r , no mat te r on what small scale t h e ' p a r t y i s , o r where i t i s . Our po l i cy in f u n d - r a i s i n g should fee,that i t "fee c a r r i e d on l o c a l l y . Ind iv idua l o r g a n i s a t i o n s must not be so j e a l o u s of t h e i r funds . * I f an o r g a n i s a t i o n has been given a f u r t h e r p o l i t i c a l f u n c t i o n , some of i t s funds, should be placed annua l ly at t h e d i s p o s a l of the Anti-C.A.D. They must get r i d of the a t t i t u d e t h a t t h e i r fUnds are only f o r t h e use of t h e i r o r g a n i s a t i o n . I f each o rgan i sa t i on , a l so had a s p e c i a l function once a yea r t o r a i s e money fo r t h e Ant i -C.A.D. , i V w o u l d never fee necessary to s top the p u b l i c a t i o n of t h e B u l l e t i n s . The* money ra ised today does not cover t h e expense of t h i s Conference.

Oh a i r man-: The Chairman closed the d i s c u s s i o n with the hope tha t de lega tes would take the s e ' m a t t e r s s e r i o u s l y to h e a r t and convey them t o t h e i r committees .

Rev* D.Mr Wessels moved, seconded fey Mr." E. Marthinus (Kim-berley)," t h a t t he f i n a n c i a l r e p o r t fee "adopted. This was c a r r i e d unanimously o

ELECTION OF OFFICIALS.

Chairman. Mr,' Taylor moved, seaonded by M r . Manie, t h a t Dr. G.H. Gool be r e - e l e c t e d as Chairman, Rev. D.M. Wessels moved nominat ions closed. Conference unanimously r e - e l e c t e d Dr. Gool a s Chairman.

Vioe-Chairrran. 'Mart SiA0 J a y i y a moved, seaonded by ^ r . Bestenfeier, tha t Ol l r i 1Q3. Vi l joen fee r e - e l e a t e d a s Vice-Chairnftn. Nominations c losed. 'Conference unanimously r e - e l e a t e d O l l r . Viljoen. as V i c e -chairman; •

Secre ta ry , Miss Ahmed s tood down. 'Mr. Manie proposed % • B. K ies ; l a t t e r dec l ined . 'Miss Ahmed moved, seconded by Rev. Wessels t h a t Mr. F.G» Grammas fee nominated, dominat ions c losed , and Conference unanimously e l e c t e d Mr, Grammar as s e c r e t a i y .

Ass is tan t S e c r e t a r y . Rev. D'.M. Wessels proposed, seconded fey Miss A» LewilFT^.E.FTJ t h a t Mr. R«G; Taylor fee nominated. Mr. B.M. Kies proposed, seaonded by Mr# Duze, t h a t M r, j . Comferinck fee nominated; l a t t e r declined* Nominations c lo sed , and Conference unanimously elected Mr, R.G. Taylor as A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y .

Treasurer . Miss'H* Ahmed was proposed fey Miss J . Go6l, seconded by Mr. *At; F a t a a r . ' Dr. N. Murison was proposed*fey Mr# J a y i y a ; de-* d i n e d . Rev. D.M. "Wessels proposed fey M r . R#E. Viljoeni; d e c l i n e d . Nominations c losed . Conference unanimously e l ec t ed Miss Ahmed as Treasurer .

Press Of f i ce r . : Mr. BiM. Kies was proposed fey Rev. D.M*. Wessels , seaonded by ®r« Manie* No o t h e r nomina t i ons . Conference unanimously r e - e l e c t e d Mr# Kies a s P r e s s O f f i c e r .

Chairman; The p r e s e n t Committee should be appointed p r o v ­is ion alIy~mrtTI the* whole movement i s l i f t e d up and loca l commit­t ee s are formed throughout t h e count ry so t h a t our o r g a n i s a t i o n wi l l fee r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of the whole country*

Mr> F a t a a r : We may have t o sugges t to r ep re sen ta t iv / e s t h a t

- 2 1 -they send in t h e name of someone'' -to" serve on t h e Nat iona l Committee. The Cape A n t i -C .A.D. i s e n t i t l e d t o two r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s , as i t has 20 o r g a n i s a t i o n s . • I ' s u g g e s t t h e r e should be a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e from the Northern Suburbs,* one f rom' the Cape F l a t s , P a a r l , Wellington., Worcester , Bredasdorp, Malmesbury d i s t r i c t , S t e l l enbosoh , Somerset West, Strand e t c , These twelve c e n t r e s can then form a Na t iona l Anti-C.A.D, Committee. The Working committee can be formed of people wi th in easy r e a c h . Conference agreed to t h e s e sugges t i ons . Conference f u r t h e r agreed t h a t t h e e l e c t i o n of d e l e g a t e s ' t o t h e N. E. U. M. Conference be l e f t to the Nat iona l Committee.

THE NATIONAL SITUATION.

Mr. R. Dudley (Claremont) : I am going to dea l with more than t h e t a k i n g away ofithe v o t e , so t h a t we can sec exac t ly * whe re a problem l i k e t h i s ' f i t s in with t h e - r e s t of t he poun t ry . The mat te r must be yiewed a g a i n s t t h e background of what i s t a k i n g p l ace in the count ry as a whole . I s t a r t off with t h e axiorni - t h a t the country i s a s l ave s t a t e , and t h a t in South Af r ica , w e have a d i v i s i o n roughly in to two groups, the r u l e d and t h e r u l e r s - the ru le of the b l acks and t h e ru l e by the whites.- ^here are a l s o two s t anda rds subscr ibed t o in t h i s ' c o u n t r y . A s tandard fo r the r u l e r s and a s tandard f o r the r u l e d . isjthe p a t t e r n . Wfc w i l l deal with t h e problem f i r s t l y as i t a f f e c t s t h e Whites, and secondly as i t a f f e o t s t h e B lacks .

F i r s t and foremost to be cons idered i^ the a t tempt a t e s t a b l i s h i n g a dominant White group- t he o v e r - r i d i n g c o n s i d e r ­a t i on b e i n g t h e e s t ab l i shmen t of White un i ty a g a i n s t the s o -c a l l e d Black p e r i l . The dominant note i n t h e l a s t f i f t y y e a r s of l e g i s l a t i o n h a s been manouevres to keep the Blacks power less to^ s t r i k e a g a i n s t t h i s White u n i t y and to p reven t any form of democracy. Over, t h e l a s t f i f t y y e a r s the r u l e r s have e f f e c t i v e l y n e u t r a l i s e d the power, of the A f r i c a n s ; and l a t e l y i t ha s been the t u r n of the Indians and t h e Coloureds t o face t h e sans t r e a t m e n t , ^he r u l e r s a re agreed t h a t t h e Nom-Europeans must be kept in s e r v i t u d e . Recent l e g i s l a t i o n which haso;aused a fewer amongst Non-European a- the Popu la t ion R e g i s t e r , t he Group Areas Act, the Suppression of Communism A f t - must not be looked a t / a s i s o l a t e d events but r a t h e r a s the c u l m i n a t i o n of the p r o c e s s , whereby the r u l e r s have enslaved the Macks in order to secure t h e i r own p o s i t i o n .

The Non-Europeans have for some time t r i e d to convirc e themselves t h a t t h e r e i s a community? of i n t e r e s t s between them­se lves and the White workers , an! i t was merely t h e White bosses who were t h e c h i e f enemies - a s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of B r i t i s h Iran p e r i a l i s m . Recent ly t h e r e has been a d e f i n i t e swerving away of ' t h e White workers from making common cause wi th t h e Non-European. This has led to t^he smashing up o^/the Trades and Labour 0 o U n o i i f and has enabled the White workers t o i d e n t i f y themselves more completely with t h e bosses . With r e f e r e n c e t o t h e Aorts r e c e n t l y passed a g a i n s t i he Non-Europeans, I w i l l b r i e f l y show t h a t t h e s e Acts a re a cu lmina t ing p r o c e s s . The props upon which the South . African s l ave s t a t e i s founded are the p o l i t i c a l and economic enslavement of t he peop le . The p rocess of t h e economic e n s l a v e ­ment i s comple te . The Non-Europeans form huge r e s e r v o i r s of l abour . By t h e Group Areas Act t h e Coloureds a re now to~be d ispossessed of/the r i g h t to own land # i e r e they p l e a s e , j u s t as the Afr icans were d i sposses sed b e f o r e . This ^-ct w i l l make ihe t a s k of s eg rega t ion much e a s i e r .

We must not b lu f f ou r se lves of t h e s t r u g g l e between the . two White s e c t i o n s ; i t i s a 'mere pop-gun a f f a i r . A s f a r a s t h e Non-European s a r e concerned , t h e r e i s s o l i d White u n i t y . Let us t u r n t o o u r s e l v e s . ' Our h i s t o r y for t h e f i r s t ha l f of t h i s century i s none too encouraging . Ever sire e t h e Non-Europeans had t o ' f a o e the bludgeons, the whips and the b u l l e t s " o f t h e opp re s s o r s , they faced .them as a s e r i o u s l y d iv ided peop l e . I s h a l l now'deal with th.e p o l i t i c a l h i s t o r y of t h e t h r e e Non-European groups , so t h a t we can see what i s t h e p o s i t i o n of the Non-European n a t i o n a l l y .

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While tod^r there i s a coiraerted movement towards the union of the Non-Europeans, there i s s t i l l a great deal to be done to breakdown the bar r ie rs created by the r u l i n g c lass . In the .pas t the ru lers attacked one group and left: the others severely alone, in order to win t h e i r temporary support. These influences have been at work for a -very long time and only "now are we beginning to break down our mental enslavement. We have come to r e a l i s e that there i s a common oppression which must be faced by a common struggle. Why i s i t that we have not achieved tha t unity for which we struggle ? Let us have a look at the majority sect ion-the Africans, ^or a long time we have bee'n wavering between an embryonic independent' movement and a movement l ike the A.N.C., in which the ruling class has found many agent s to divide and rule . • But t h a t show^has been broken down and taught us mary pol i t ica l l e s sons , „or a long'time af ter the removal of the Africans from the bocly p o l i t i c , the Government was able to carry out the divide and r u l e policy arcongst the Africans, by means of their Chief Advisory Boards e t c . , As always, they t r ied to get at the soaalled leadership of the Non-Europeans. ./They succeeded to a large degree in driving them into the A.N.C. and get t ing them t6 play "ball1--"*. -That sham has'(some to an end r a t h e r ignomim-iously. Today-the iu lers are by-passing the i n t e l l e c t u a l s and are going s t ra ig t to the Chiefs. They w i l l t ry to build t h e s e ' i n t o pukka sahibs". By working through the relicrs of the past , they

hoped to win the Africans from the national movement.

The Indiaa community has unfo r tunate ly proved very d i f f i c u l t to pin down with a consistent form'of s t ruggle . They have effectively wri t ten themselves off, and 'we now find them in the arms of those, who s t i l l bel ieve tha t •iJ.N.Q. wil l do something for the'people, ^s the problem of the Indians i s our problem, we cannot simply abandon them. They also suffer from the common oppression.

Amongst the Coloured people there ; are the same, d i f f i c u l t i e s , and only in recentv years has a cer ta in group sprung in to 'be ing, which believes in a principled po l i t i c a l , s truggle, under the banner of the 10-point programme. There i s something missing from the Conference today, which we diould take heed of, and tha t i s the absence of representa t ives of the6bloured workers-, the trade unions.. I t has been a noticeable feature of the struggle of the Non-Europeans in t h i s country, ' t ha t the na tura l organisa t ­ions of the workers- the trade unions, .have never taken t h e i r place in the po l i t i ca l movement of/^he people. I mentioned the position of the Trades and'LaTtour Council, and we should! recognise that-while for a long time, we s t i l l had hopes that there might be a holding of hands between the White and the Non-European wQrkers, tha t hope has been shat tered.

At work amongst the Non-Europeans there have "feeen other influence^. There have been the p o l i t i c a l organisers , who had no programme on, which t o work. They hop and skip from.one event to another. This i s one of the t h i n g s m i l i t a t i n g against the Non-Europeans in t h e i r s t ruggle . Jus t recent ly , in connection with the three B i l l s of 1950, there was a "Day of Mourning" and then a one-day s t r i k e . You found these people going out of the i r way, working up excitement over something" which, they said, had fteen suddenly sprung upon the Non-Europeans. Having worked up the people, the i r e f for t s were smashed by the Government, and no good resul tedi Together with t h a t , confusion i s sown into the minds of the people by the Liberals and those elements who previously consti tuted the Communist Party with whom they think they can find he lp . 'The struggle has, however, gone on, and amongst the Africans, there has been an advance and* an increase of support for the A.A.C., which has as i t s programme the '10-point programme ard the bu i ld ing up of the N.E.U.M.

So far as the Non-Europeans are coneerned, they suffer certain disadvantages, and t h e i r minds have never been freed. One of the major problems facing us today i s p o l i t i c a l education.

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We s t i l l find Non-Europeans dispersed in organisations which have l i t t l e or nothing to do with the po l i t i c a l s t ruggle; All t h i s has gone on as a Reaction of despair to oppression , on the part of the people. But we see a change today and a'growing independence of the Non-Eufopeai people. This Conference i s on example of that new s p i r i t .

The Europeans fe l t secure a l l along the l i ne , as long as they held the reiuc© oijthe country. Their chief worry today i s , that ' - there i s growing up an independence in p o l i t i c a l organisat ­ions, and an inl ependence in p o l i t i c a l act ion, which th qy see will spe l l the doom of White domination. The Suppression of Communism Acsft i s not so much the suppression of communism* as the suppression of the na t ional movement of the Non-Europeansi lifc i s iur effect an a t tack on the growth of t h i s independence.

I want to wind up by ind ica t ing a few other po in t s . Even in the Church we find the Non-Europeans in the c lutches of the agents of the ru l ing c lass , and because the ohurch i s a refuge from oppression for the people, the r u l i n g c lasses have t r i e d everything to get a t them through the churches. Todqy we see a breaking away from this ' influence, and i t i s a happy sign. I t means there i s development even among the most conservative section. There are endeavours on the part of the ruling c lass to buy out the cul tura l a c t i v i t i e s of the'Non-Europeans and Europeans throu^i adult education sohemes. Amongst that section: of the Non-Europeans, which has'always been regarded as being the most advanced ideological ly , the teachers , there has been a stodginess and a mental pa ra lys i s ; but we have witnessed the embryo of a movement amongst them.

Thou^i the struggle in t h i s country has not gone very far, we are gaining 'a great deal of insp i ra t ion from what i s happening elsewhere, and our prime duty i e to bxeak down the Barriers which stand in our way. We have ac^oepted as one" of our planks the policy of not a s s i s t i ng in any way the divide and rule prooess; we have accepted non-collaboration; This can only be parried out if , im> the present s i tua t ion , we n r r s e those developments whioh point to the breaking down of b a r r i e r s amongst the Non-Europeans, the building up of organisat ions, in the three groups and t h e i r convergence in the Unity Movement, the building up of Coordinating Committees, and the c a n a l i s i n g of our forces in the r igh t d i r ec t ion .

, In conclusion, therefore, the s i tua t ion as i t faces us today, embodies the following main fea tures ; (1) The twin policy tha t i s car r ied out} the establishment.of White dominance and the keeping of. the Non-Europeans in a s ta te of .enslavement, (2) The White unity which has been, established to further t h i s policy. (3) The necessity to es tabl ish unity anpngst the Non-rEuropeans to oppose t h i s enslavement i n ' a unified way. (4) In order to execute t h a t , the fos te r ing and nursing of t h e policy of non-collaboration and the building up"of the embryo whioh i s developing today ' in the Unity Movement. The struggle of the Anti-C.A.D. i s part of tha t struggle-.

We have to see tha t we do not take our tone aid measure from the fever which has been created by the Herrenvoik press on the Malan-Havenga Prqposals; but take i t alongside the struggles of other Non-European groups in t h i s country of which t h i s i s but a par t ,

I have much pleasure, therefore , in moving the following resolut ion: -

That t h i s Conference: (1) Tgkes the graves t view o f . the measures recently taken by the Herrenvolk through the National.'.Registrationi A®t, the Group Areas

-24-Act and t h e Suppress ion of Communism Act, t o increase" t h e c o n t r o l , regimentation aid h e l o t r y of a l l s e c t i o n s of the Non-European oppressed, and t o complete t h e N a z i - l i k e s t r u c t u r e of South African society*

(2) Regards t h e b u i l d i n g up of the Non-European Unity Movement as the f i r s t and ind i spensab le s t ep to be t aken to defend the African, Indian and Coloured people aga ins t ihese ons laugh t s and to enable the Non-European l i b e r a t o r y movement to advance i n the struggle for f u l l democratic r i g h t s for a l l *

(3) Urges upon t h e Coloured people the n e c e s s i t y for r ega rd ing the bu i ld ing of Local Coord ina t ing Unity Committees a s a com­plementary t a s k to t h e feuilding of Local Anti -C.A.D. Committees.

Mr. I . Combrinok (Cape Civic F e d e r a t i o n ) seconded.

THE NON-EUROPEAN PEOPLES OF SOUTH AFRICA AND THE INTERNATIONAL CRISIS.

Miss J . G-ool: I t has been the p r a c t i c e of t h e Ant i -C.A.D. to devote some p a r t of i t s s e s s i o n s t o t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l s i t u a t i o n . There i s one aspec t of t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l s i t u a t i o n t h a t we should pay special a t t e n t i o n t o , and ( t h a t i s , t h e s t r u g g l e s of .the colonial peop le s . They have suffered fo r over t h r e e hundred years under t h e yoke of oppress ion and our s t r u g g l e i s p a r t of t h e i r s t r u g g l e .

The reason for the study of the i n t e r n a t i o n a l s i t u a t i o n i s f i r s t l y to plaoe our movement where i t b e l o n g s . *t has been said tha t one of t h e t h i n g s which we have accomplished i s t o p lace t h e Coloured people where t h e y be long , and t h i s a p p l i e s not only i n the na t i ona l sphere, but t o t h e c o l o n i a l movements a l l over t h e world. Secondly, we have to examine t h e means by which the co lon ia l people have obta ined freedom or a r e t ry ing t o ob ta in i t . Thirdly, in order t o see our movement in p roper p e r s p e c t i v e , we w i l l ' s e e overseas t h e same t h i n g t h a t must sooner or l a t e r happen here . Fourth , we have t o r e a l i s e t h a t the s t r u g g l e f o r l i b e r a t ­ion i s a sc ience d i c t a t e d t o by p o l i t i c a l aid economic c o n d i t i o n s and tha t the methods employed t h e r e a r e v a r i a b l e methods. F i f t h , we have t o study t h e manouevres of the oppresso r s t o keep the people under t h e i r hee l s -and the r i s e of the Quis l ing c l a s s .

Todsy we oan see massing above us t h e clouds of war. War i s imminent. We do not know when i t w i l l b reak ou t . ^ h e - f i g u r e s for armaments a re r i s i n g ; £3 ,400,000,000 in B r i t a i n , i n America over £6,000,000,000* We can newer see nor r e a l i s e how tremendous the race for armara&nts i s .

Today we can take i t for g ran ted t h a t t h e r e i s a Sov ie t bloc and an Anglo-American b l o c . We can see i t a t Lake Suaaes s ; the manoerXiwings f o r the most favourable p o s i t i o n . i n t h e ba l ance of power i n the coming war. Today in London the Commonwealth Conference i s tak ing p l a a e , and the p l ans for t h e coming war w i l l be worked out in d e t a i l . They a r e hop ing t h a t t h e r e w i l l be one voice aga ins t what they c a l l an enemy c o u n t r y . But we see already the s igns of d i s u n i t y among them. I t i s recorded by them, tha t Asia i s a t p resen t the main front in t h e a®l& war. That means, in essence, t h a t t h e s u c c e s s of t he p ro secu t i on of t h e war wi l l depend-on t h e f o r c e s which accrue to one s ide or t h e other s i d e . Which s i d b w i l l ob ta in the raw m a t e r i a l s from Asia ? That, for them, i s t he c rux of t h e matter* Thus, Asia i s the" main front in t h e coming war. This f ront needs our a t t e n t i o n . The course of t h e next war w i l l be dec ided by the form in which the l i b e r a t o r y s t r u g g l e t a k e s p l ace in t h e E a s t .

Can we say today , looking a t t h e s t r u g g l e s of t h e C o l o n i a l Peoples, t h a t they a r e uniform, t h a t they take, p l ace along a cer ta in d i r e c t i o n , t h a t t h e y have "feeen completed ? We'must s tudy a l l these aspec t s of t h e s t r u g g l e . When we s tudy them, we f ind tha t the s t r u g g l e i s d iv ided i n t o two c a t e g o r i e s . On the one

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hand, we find a d i s t i n c t development in some countr ies ; and in other countries the coursfc has gone fur ther . In India, the Ph i l l ip ines and Indonesia, the struggle has gone a cer ta in d i s ­tance and stopped, Indo-China and China have gone "very much fur ther . We must inves t iga te the reasons for t h i s , We wi l l find in India, Indonesia and the Phi l l ip ines oertain things in common. In the paper i t was reported tonight t h a t ' as Nehru was entering* the round-table conference, a student addressed him and said, M Sir, Ma Ian and his f a sc i s t s are ins ide ." Nehru brushed the student aside and walked in , Nehru, who twenty years ago fougjit against the English and suffered years of im­prisonment, today s i t s with Att lee and the representat ive of ' Malan at a round tab le . From Indonesia we find the Soekarnos?and Sharirs going to The Hague with people whom ten years ago they fought. Today everything i s forgotten and they s i t with t h e i r oppressors 'at The Haguec In the Ph i l l ip ines the people arose against t he i r American oppressors, aid today t h e i r President i s being paid mill ions of do l la rs by the Americ&ns and i s s i t t i n g ' with Uncle Sam, But in Indo-Ghina and China, on the other hand, we see that Ho-Ohi-Minh and Mao Tze Tung will have nothing to do with the oppressors, ^et. us look at what i s happening in India, We wil l see the reason for a l l t h i s . Why are these countr ies s i t t i n g with t h e i r former oppressors ? We wi l l see that there i s a oommon reason for t h i s bet rayal of the peoples1

s t ruggle . Today in these countries? the people are s t i l l in the depths of suffering^ But these three countries are t ied to the oppressors*' fihe reason i s that when the struggle, came to a ©ertain point , the oppressors stepped in. and bought over the classes indebted to them. And these c l a s se s were the a lasses that produced the col laborators or Quis3.ings0 We in t h i s country know f u l l well the kind of domestic Quisling we see here, by the carnation he wears, or the cigar we see in h is mouth. This ident i f ica t ior i s on a very low level ,* We must not apply t h i s local var ie ty to Nehru and Soekarno. These a re ' the b ig men; so big, that the imagination cannot cope with them. They have millions of pounds to spend. They are colossa l f igures of the in te rna t iona l type . We have not seen them here. I t i s probable tha t one day we* s h a l l . We mist throw our imaginations forward to see thece men, b u i l t up by the American do l la r , and l e t loose on the l ibera tory struggle* I t i s known tha t Quirino i s one of the most corrupt Quislings. The American uses the most corrupt people, they have no respect for them, .they only use them against the population.

So^we see t h i s in te rna t ional type of Quisling. This phenomenon has grown to be a cancer in the struggle of tht, c o l ­onial peoples. We in* South Africa already 'speak of folding and Matthews as Quislings,-because we see what will happen one day in t h i s country, when the nat ional movement i s in f u l l swing. The oppressors 'wi l l br ibe them, give them warships, support them with guns, .and l e t them loose on the people. If we look at the past of South Africa, we wi l l see that during i t s days of expansion the White missionaries were-the gp-betw'een the people and the White oppressors. They brought re l ig ion to effect humility and subservience among the people. After the missionaries came the Liberals , who also served the r u l i n g c l a s s , who also served the ru l ing c l a s s . By tha t time the people were l i tera te- , so they had to find another method of duping the people and they used the Libera ls . But today the missionaries and the Libera ls are hated, because the White face has become a symbol of oppression. When a Black man sees a White face, he begins to suspect, "This man is e i ther a po l i ce ­man or a spy". So the oppressors in the East and here see the method wi l l 'no longer work, and so they wi l l take a man, one of our own men, and use him against the people and that i s why things become d i f f i c u l t . They wi l l say that G-olding suffers in the same way as you do. TIow then can he betray you ? This method i s used on a large scale in the East©

To come to the point: We know that the Nehrus and Patels and Ohiong Kai Sheks and the Syngman RKioea are the big Quislings

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and the movements of these Quislings must be watched; I t i s t h i s new thing, the emergence of t h i s Quisling group, which becomes more important- important at t he beginning of a nat ional struggle and during i t s course*

What happened in India yesterday will happen here tomorrow, because the colonial peoples and we are inseparably t i e d together, jus t as the progress.of our movement here has everything to do with what happens in Europe and the next war. If we look at the resolut ions under the heading with whi$h I am dealing, what do they mean in essence ? That when the next world war takes place, the Non-European shal l be armed to e n l i s t in the ranks of the oppressors, they sha l l be Bribed with money, shal l "be. given uniforms, shal l be given perhaps a r i f l e . I t I s the subject of the t ex t in the leader today whether the Blacks wi l l be given arms or no t . But we wi l l say "Stop I" We shal l be determined not to en l i s t in the ranks of the oppressors. We wi l l keep our energie© for our own s t ruggles and not strengthen the i r b a t t l e s .

If we look back at the las t war, we wil l remember tha t even Nehru could not persuade the people of India to fight for Br i t a in . He was forced to come out and ask: " What are your aims vin the next war ?" And Br i ta in oould not t e l l them and India stayed out of the war..

, The th i rd section of the resolut ion i s a warning to us, to make us aware of the fact that we should not find ourselves in the posi t ion of supporting forces Wiich seek to uphold White domination, and tha t we must not take part in any war which wil l be fought l a t e r against us»

The l a s t point I want to make i s t h i s , t ha t , if the Non-European people of South Africa could only r ea l i s e the complete and u t t e r importance of the course of various s truggles going on in Asia, why China today has broken free from the grasp of American dominion, from Bri ta in and from a l l the countr ies which have suoked her dry, and. why Indonesia i s following the role of Indi a, we would then see tha t the history of the l ibera tory move­ment in India will go on. We can see tha t Kashmir wi l l prove the point , because i t has been taken away from India and i s held up as a bargaining power. The re la t ions between Br i ta in and India and Pakistan may also break down, because of t h i s . In Indonesia the same thing wil l take place, because of New Guinea. 'They found out during the war tha t i t had some wonderful biases for war, and America demanded i t as one of h e r ' s t r a t e g i c s t ron^iolds ±m the East . While Soekarno demands i t , America says "No" ; so we oan see the differerrs es growing and multiplying. Will the people remain content with the way in which Nehru and Soekarno are con­ducting the*struggles of t he i r countries ? The struggles wi l l go underground, u n t i l India and Indonesia have burst free from the i r oppressors.

Miss J . G-ool then moved, seconded by Mr. V# Sass, : that t h i s Gonf erenc e

(1) Considers the present in terna t ional c r i s i s and the th rea t of a th i rd world war as being of the utmost significance for the Non-European oppressed peoples of South Africa, inasmuch as i t will profoundly affect the fate of the forces of White .domination and decide whether the oppressed and exploited colonial-and semi-aolonial mil l ions throughout the- world shal l be serf or f ree .

(2) Counsels the Non-European oppressed peaples of South Africa to examine c r i t i c a l l y the slogans under which the war i s to be fought and to weigh the ba s i c issues at stake in order to be al ive to t h e i r own t rue i n t e r e s t s .

(3) Warns the Non-European peoples of South Africa against the danger of finding themselves, supporting-the forces'which seek to perpetuate White domination, and opposed to the oppressed and exploited colonial and semi-coolonial peoples struggling for t h e i r

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emancipation.

Mr. H. Jaf fe /sa id that Mr. Dudley had shown how the Europeans had been bu i l t up, so tha t by 1925 they'had established a United Front of mine-owners and i n d u s t r i a l i s t s , farmers and White workers, who'were separated from the Non-Europeans by a msss of l e g i s l a t i o n . Now, the f i f th column within the ranks ~f the Non-Europeans was to be established by l e g i s l a t i o n . The Europeans had sat on and? ruled the Non-Europeans for a long time, but now a S l i ^ i t modifi­cation of the method was being evidenced; At f i r s t different laws had b:een made for the different sections, but now, the same laws were being applied t o a l l . At the same time each section was being segregated into separate areas , with separate representat ion, separate educational f a c i l i t i e s , and separately administrated. These methods could only be complemented with the aid of a f i f th column.

I t was important to note tha t a l l sect ions were being levelled dowfr to a common l e v e l - a leve l to which the Africans had been subjected twenty five years ago. We could only gain strength by having a unity of a l l the oppressed tesed on a common oppression-.

Just before the f i r s t world war, there had been a tendepcy for Non-European organisations to come together on ce r ta in i ssues ; but the re had been a complete se l l -ou t with the outbreak of war. In 1930 attempts were again made at uni ty, but , with the outbreak of the second world war, i t had again been smashed because of the betrayal of the leadership . I t was the duty of the A'nti-C.A .D.to see tha t "there was no repe t i t ion now that a th i rd world war was. imminent. We had to learn the lessons of the past and continue to build up a unity on a principled bas i s .

Mr; B.M. Kies said t ha t i t was essent ia l t ha t we l ink both aspects . I t was perfectly evident that the new war now brewing was in ord"er to es tabl ish White domination over colonial peoples on a world s ca l e . Apart from the inherent fear of the Herrenvolk in South Africa, i t would be part of the plan to extend the posit ion as i t existed in South Africa on a world sca le . He f e l t tha t the Far East would shape the course of events during the next f i f t y years . Africa was the most backward of the colonial countr ies and he was of the opinion that reaction would make a l a s t - d i t c h stand on t h i s continent . Our fight agains t ' oppression was part of a world wide f igh t against imperialism, and the Herrenvolk rea l i sed tha t t he i r f a t e s were bound together .

We had to understand t he/r ole of the Quislings and ccould not afford to be sentimental about i t . They were agents of imperialism. We had to r e a l i s e tha t we were no different frorm any other colonial people, and could not afford to get sentimental about colour. Dr0 Ralph Bunohe, who had effected such a glorious se l l -out of the Ax abs in Pa les t ine , was a Negro. He warned'that we would have to be on the a l e r t during t h e coming struggle, l e s t we found ourselves in the wrong camp.

Mr. V. Sass said the Commonwealth QDnference of Prime Minis-" t e r s had been called because of the defeat of the U.S.A. in Korea. When South Africa was drawn into the war with the Western Democrac­i e s , she would have to f ight on two fronts , and we should therefore intensify our e f for t s in order to take advantage of the weaknesses of our enemies.

The resolut ions mowed fty Mr.* R. Dudley and Miss J . Gool were then put and carried unaminrously.

I B h i s concluding remarks the Chairman said, tha t there were forces working in our favour, and we would have to examine and assess them so as to l ink up our struggle with the struggle in other countr ies .

- 2 8 -

He then thanked t h e d e l e g a t e s who had a t t ended t h e c o n f e r e n c e ! ' t h e c a t e r e r s who worked under t h e supe rv i s i on of Mrs» Dawjee, and announced t h a t t h e r e would "foe a Conference of the Non European Unity Movement i n Cape Town on the 2nd and 3rd of pr i l , l@51f and) expressed t h e hope t h a t t h e Coloured s e c t i o n would be f u l l y r e p r e s e n t e d .

At 11 p.mi the Chairman dec la red t h e Conference c losed .

Organisations represented at the oooc

ANTI-C.A.D. CONFERENCE

5th January, 1951.

New Era Fellowship

Progressive Forum (Jo'Tourg)

Amateur Wrestling Union

T.L.S.A. Executive

T.L.S.A. Worcester Branch

T.L.S.A, Capetown Branch

T.L.S.A. Orange River Branch

T.L.S.A. Montagu Branch

T.L.S.A. Saron Branch

T.L.S.A. Paarl Branch

T.L.S.A. Claremont Branch

T.L.S.A. Vredenhurg Branch

T.L.S.A. Goodwood-Vasco Branch

Goodwood-Vasco Parent-Teacher Assn.

T.L.S.A. Maitland Branch -

Cape Civic Federation

Elsies River Ratepayers 8c Vigi­lance Society

Miss E.Lewis 8c Mr. C.Pieterse

Messrs K.Abdul 8c S.Papert

Mr R.Roman

Messrs R.O.Dudley & E.M.Gordon (ahs.)

Messrs T.G.Smith 8c M.Kannemeyer

Mr. V.Fowler 8c Miss J.Gool

Mr. C.van Rheede

Mr J.L.Titus

Mr. A.K.Adams

Messrs W.Hartel 8c H.F.Benjamin

Miss G.Wilcox & Mr. R.Taylor

Mr J.F.Fortuin

Messrs E.Bavasah 8c D.Isaacs

Efr. R.D.Schuller

Messrs W.Calvert & J.Poole

Messrs I.Combrinck~& W.Hammond (Ahs.)

Mr. V.Sass 8c Cllr H.Bestehbier

Municipal Tenants Association Wards V ft VI Miss M.King 8c Mr. G.Rudolphe

Heatherley Ratepayers Assn Mrs H.Abrahamse 8c Miss B.Wagner

Schotsche-Kloof Tenants Civic Assn.. MessrsS.Manie 8c I .Abrahams

Goodwood-Vasco, Raymond Estate

Ratepayers & Vigilance Society Messrs D.Neethling & Alexander

Gleemoor 8c Dist. Civic Assn Dr N.Murison 8c Mr J.Kruger

Community of Caledon Messrs C.Ess & J.H.Hendricks

Lansdowne Moravian Congregation Rev. D.M.Wessels

Congregational Church, Harrington St:

Cape Anti-C.A.Do Committee Mr H.Jaffe '& Miss E.Wilcox

A.P.O. Kimberley Branch Mr E.A.Marthinus

Coloured People !s Congress (Jh"b) Messrs F.W.Hamner 8c L.Martin

A.A.C. (West. Prov.) Messrs I.B.Ta"bata 8c I.Pagwana

A.V.A. (Capetown) Messrs S.A.Jayija 8c E.A.Duze