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16 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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28 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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atmifjrifa&;vrf;pOfrsm; jzpfonf/

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30 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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32 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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tajymif;tvJrsm;onf ouFef;uRef;aps;BuD; twGif;&Sd rnf;arSmif

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34 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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jyufjyuf r[kwfawmhNyDavm/

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ol a*hceJ avcsOfwufonf/ a&Ta&mif;olcsif; twlwl olYukd

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u qkdEkdifMuao;vQif ola&&mcsef'&m; [laom trnfukdvnf;

qkdEkdifMurnfrSm rvGJ/

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rsm;ukd qGJcsaphydwfp jyKvmonf/

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36 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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onf/

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38 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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40 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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42 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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44 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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46 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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ac:ojzihf awmfawmfESihf olYqkdifukdra&muf/ a&Tqkdifukd aMumfjim

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48 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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50 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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52 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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em;axmifaeMu\/

aemufusí a&mufvmaom aqGrsKd;rsm;ESihf tdrfeD;csif;

awGukd jyefzGihfjy&onfuvnf; tarm/ olYorD;BuD; qef'D;rm;

qkdvQif cPcP &pf&pfay;&ojzihf uufqufem;u rcGmawmh/

olYuav;awGtm;vHk; oDcsif;ukd tvGwf&um vkdufqkdaeMuNyD

jzpfonf/

oDcsif;&NyDjzpfonhftwGuf aMumfjim½kduf&efom &Sdawmhonf/

rif;orD;twGuf aiGay;NyD;NyD/ 'g½kdufwmESihf puftzGJU twGufvnf;

aiGay;NyD;NyD/ ola&&mcsef'&m; '*HkNrdKUopfwGif 0,fxm;cJhaom

ajruGuf(2)uGufukd a&mif;vkduf&\/ rif;om; aps;rwwfEkdifí

rif;orD;wpfOD;wnf;ESihf ½kdufrnf/ oDcsif;udkawmh ol oabm

usaeonf/ ola&&mcsef'&m;[laom olYtrnfae&mwGif tqGJ

tiiftaumif;qHk;[k xifonf/ tckrS olonf 0defYpdef? armifudef;wkdY

OD;xHkwkdYESihfwpfwef;wnf; *kPfyk'f&Sdaom a&Torm; wpfa,muf

jzpfoGm;NyD r[kwfvm;/

'g½kdufwmu olYqkdifukd vmMunhfum ae&mraumif;

aMumif;? ½kdufcsufrvSEkdifaMumif;? tvif;tarSmifraumif;aMumif;?

qkdifu pkwfaeaMumif;ajymojzihf olYtkef;oD;? iSufaysmoD;wef;

rSaeí tjyifvrf;rwef;odkY xGufum qkdifiSm;&onf/ qkdifukdvnf;

jyif&onf/ aq;okwf? rSefyHk;topf0,f&onf/ AD½kd? ½Id;auhpfESihf

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54 »Ü«¼µúÖ


a&Txnfrsm;ukd ½kdufjyonfhtcg 0,folawG tm;&Sdap&ef a&Tav;

odef;zkd; 0,fxnhf&jyef\/

,ckolYrSm aiGykdr&Sdawmh? pkaqmif;xm;orQvnf; ukefNyD/

odk Yaomf *½krpkduf/ olYqkdifaMumfjimNyD;vQif vlBudwfBudwfwk d;

0,fMuvdrhfrnf/ aMumfjimtwGuf ukefxm;aomaiGukd ajcmufv

twGif; jyef&SmEkdifrnf[k olwGufxm;onf/

]]aMumfjimu ½kdufNyD;&if wDAGDrSmxnhfzkdY ydkufqHay;&OD;r,fqkd?

tvum;xnhfay;wm r[kwfbl;vm;}}

tmavmumfar;cGef;aMumihf olpdwfnpfoGm;onf/ 'g½kduf

wmu &Sif;jyoGm;[efwlonf/ qkdMur,f? aysmfMur,frSm xnhfvQif

puúefY (30) pmukd av;aomif;? w½kwfum;wGifxnhfvQif oHk;

aomif;cGJ? ]t&dyf} wGif xnhfvQif oHk;aomif;? q,f&ufxnhfvQif

yif tenf;qHk;oHk;odef;? wpfvqkd&if (9) odef;? odkYaomf aemuf

qkwfp&mr&Sdawmh/

]][kwfw,f xkdufoihfoa&GUawmh ukef&rSmyJ/ 'gawGpOf;pm;

raeeJY? vkyfp&m&Sdwmukd qufvkyf&r,f/ eifrSwfxm;zkdYu tck

csdef[m aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepf 'gyJ}}

aMumfjimp½kdufNyD/ yef;NcHwpfckwGif oDcsif;ukd zGihfum½kduf

Mu\/ olYrdom;pk? olYrdwfaqG? tmavmumrdom;pkESihf vkdufcsif

onf[k vma&mufpm&if;ay;xm;olrsm;ukd tm;vHk;ac:cJh&ojzihf

um;(5)pD; iSm;&onf/ ½kdufonhfae&muvnf; wpfae&mwnf;

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r[kwfojzihf um;ukd wpfaeYvHk; iSm;xm;&onf/

tmavmumrSm t0ga&mifukd,fusyftusÐ? teDa&mifyef;

yGihfBuD;rsm;ESihf qm&D? a&Txnfw0if;0if;ESihftndKrS trnf;bufvkae

aom rsufESmay:wGif rdwfuyfawG azG;aeatmif vdrf;xm;ao;

\/ trsK d;awGuvnf; tpdrf;? t0g? teD? vdar®m f ponhf

ta&mifpl;pl; tusÐrsm;ESihf wajymifajymif wvufvuf? a,musfm;

rsm;u EIwfcrf;arG;rsm;ukd aooyfpGm oçxm;um qHyifawGukd

ajymifvufaeatmif acgif;vdrf;qD vdrf;xm;Muonf/

olYuav;rsm;uvnf; aumfywf½kyfukd &GHUESihfywfxm;Mu

ovkdES,f? EIwfcrf;eDawGqkd;? rdwfuyfawGvdrf;? yg;eDawGjc,fum

xdef;r&/ ygvmMuonfh aqGrsKd;rsm;uvnf; wpfa,mufESihf wpf

a,mufatmf[pfpum;ajymum bmrSr[kwfyJ &,f&,faeMuonf/

uav;rsm; um;ay:ae&mvk&if; ukwfMuzJhMuojzihf aqGrsKd;

pk qlnHum oGm;Mu\/ ½kdufuGif;a&mufawmh ti,fqHk; orD;u

tdyfaysmfumaeNyD; tvwfrESihf tBuD;ru EIwfcrf;eDESihf rdwfuyf

a&maeojzihf o&Juav;awGvkd jzpfukefonf/ tmavmumu

vnf; ti,fqH k;uav;ukd oly J cs Dxm;&ojzih f rauseyf/

aqGrsKd;rsm;uvnf; rif;orD;ukdom wkd;BudwfMunhfzkdY tm½kHpkdufae

Muonf/ tvwfrzdeyfESihf olYxD;uvnf; b,fae&mrSm csrdonf

rodawmh/ aysmufoGm;NyD/

qm&Da&mif awmufawmufESifh olwkdY trsKd;rsm;u rif;

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56 »Ü«¼µúÖ


orD;ESihfwGJum "mwfyHk½kdufvkdufMuonfrSm rajymESihfawmh/ qm&Drsm;ukd

rçum? yihfum rif;orD;em;rSm w½kef;½kef; vkyfaeMuojzihf rif;

orD;rsufESmu rJhrJhvmaeNyD/ ½kdufonfhtcguifr&mESihfrvGwfí [kd

bufwkd;yg? 'Dbufa&TUay;yg atmfonhftcgqdkvQif w½kef;½kef;ESihf

olYtrsKd;rsm;atmf[pfum ajy;vTm;aeMuyHkrSmvnf; pdwfysufp&m?

olvnf; atmfíwm;íxdef;í r&awmh/ wpfukd,fvHk; acR;awG&TJ

um NiD;pDpDjzpfaeNyD/ rSefxkd;onhf aumifav;ESpfa,mufu ]]cGD;yJ

ukvm;um;½kdufwm usaewmyJ}} [k rausreyf qJoHukdvnf;

Mum;vkduf&\/ 'g½kdufwmuvnf; rsufpdysuf rsufESmysufESihf

a&mufvmNyD; ]]cifAsm;trsKd;awGukd tJ'Davmuf pkac:rvmeJYAs/

tvkyfvkyf&wm rwGifus,fbl;}} [kqkd\/

þodkY atmfoH? [pfoH? &,foH? pum;oHrsm;ESihfyif tjyif

½kdufuGif;aeY NyD;oGm;cJhonf/ ÐÎßÜÑ um;xJrSm t0wfoGm;vJ

aom rif;orD;ukd oGm;acsmif;MunhfMuojzihf &Sif;vkduf&onhf

jyórmrSvGJí tjcm;bmjyóemrSawmh xl;xl;jcm;jcm;rjzpfvkduf/

tdrftjyefvrf; um;ay:rSm olYorD;tBuD;ru wpfaeYvHk; tBudrf

BudrfzGihfum em;NiD;cJhaom aMumfjimoDcsif;ukdqkdum rif;orD; o½kyf

aqmifovkd vkyfvmonfukd atmf[pfoabmusum qlnHaeMu

jyef\/

odk YESih f olYa&Tqkdifukd ½k dufrnfhaeYokd Y a&mufvmcJhonf/

rif;orD;u aumifwmwGif&yfum rSefAD½kdtwGif;rS a&Txnfypönf;

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rsm;ukd avQmufMunhfum qGJBudK;wpfuHk;udk ,lum0wfMunhfrnf

jzpf\/

aumifwmaemufwGif &yfum NyHK;jyrnhfvlu av;q,f

avmufjzpfaeonf/ uav;awGuvnf; ygcsifonf/ a':ygvl;

uvnf; ygcsif? urvmuvnf; &yfcsif? a':cgwGefuvnf; NyHK;jy

csif/ trm;uvnf; rif;orD;eHab;rSm &yfcsif? tmavmumuvnf;

rif;orD;vnfwkdifwGif qGJBudK;ukd 0wfay;csifESihf jzpfaeMuonf/

vlu avQmhvdkYr&/ 'DMum;xJ ti,fqHk;uav;ruav;ukd ygrS

jzpfrnf[kqkdum tmavmumu a&Tqkdifaumifwmay:rSm rdwfuyf

awGvdrf;NyD; rsufvHk;rSm umcs,f rnf;aeatmifqdk;NyD; wifxm;

ao;\/

ESpfzufrdwfaqGrsm;onf qm&Drsm;ukd wif;wif;ywfum

rdwfuyfzkdYxm;aom rsufESmay:rS EIwfcrf;eDqkd;xm;aom EIwfcrf;

rsm;ukd wif;wif;aphvsuf rnfolu z,fcdkif;onfjzpfap? rz,f

[laom qHk;jzwfcsufjzihf wpfzufESihfwpfzuf &efapmifvsuf &Sdae

Muonf/

tmavmumu &efawGUvnf;r&? olu awmif;yefívnf;

*½krpkduf? 'g½kdufwmu &Sif;jyívnf;rz,f/ rif;orD;u rSefAD½kdxJ

rS a&Trsm;ukd vrf;avQmufNyD; Munhfaomtcg olwdkYrsufESmrsm;

yga&;[laom r[mtcGihfta&;BuD;twGuf ukvm;vkda&m? jrefrm

vkdyg pum;rsm;yGJBuD;ukd qifETJvsuf&Sdonf/

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58 »Ü«¼µúÖ


a&arT;eHYuvnf; pl;&Sum aeuvnf;ylvmNyD/ rif;orD;u

pdwfnpf? pdwfqkd;um um;xJjyef0ifxkdifae\/ 'g½kdufwmBuD;vnf;

pdwfnpfaeNyD/ tarESihfta':awG &efjzpfaeMuojzihf ti,fav;u

aMumufvefYum ikdjyefonf/

ola&&mcsef'&m;vnf; [kdbuf'Dbufajy;acsmh/ a[muf

oihfonhfvludka[muf? uav;ukd aumufcsD? rif;orD;ukd awmif;yef?

'g½kdufwmxHrS tBuHÓPfawmif;&ESihf acR;jyefum qHyifvIdif;wGefY

wkdY z½kdz&Jjzpfum bmwpfckrS ratmifrjrif&Sdavonf/

aps;xJrSm vmMunhfMuaom y&dowfrsm;uvnf; aMumfjim

½kdufonfhrif;orD;ukd rawGU&bJ a&TawGw0if;0if; qm&Dwajymif

ajymifESihf tcsif;csif;ukwfMu? zJhMurwwf &efapmifvsuf&Sdaom olY

trsKd;rsm;ukdom aMumifwufwufMunhfum &,fMuukef\/

ESmacgif;cRefcRef? rdwfuyfrsm;rsm;? EIwfcrf;eD&J&J? rsuf0ef;

umcs,f eufeuf? acR;xGufí rdwfuyfrsm; ysufvkvkjzpfaeaom

olYtrsKd;ESihf tmavmumutrsKd;rsm;\ a'gorsufESmrsm;onf bmukdrS

*½krpkdufawmh[efjzihf wpfa,mufwpfcGef;atmf[pf &efawGUpjyKvm

\/

aemufqHk;'g½kdufwmu r½kdufawmh[kqdkum jyefrnfvkyf

onf/ ol [kdtrsKd;qGJ? 'DtrsKd;a[muf&if; uav;ukd tmavmum

vufxJxdk;xnfhum awmif;yefNyD; jyefac:vm\/ uifr&mrif;

ESihf rSefxkd;onhfaumifav;awGu ikwfwkwfxkdifNyD; &,farmíom

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aeMuavonf/

'g½kdufwmjyefawmhrnf qkdawmhrS vefYzsyfum olYtrsKd;

oHk;a,muf? tmavmum trsKd;ESpfa,muf? ol? tmavmumESihf

uav;ESpfa,mufwkdY aumifwmaemufwGif wef;pDí &yfMuonf/

uifr&mjzihf rif;orD;rsufESmrS olwkdYrsufESmrsm;ukd ½kdufonhftcg

tmaomurdef;rrSm BudK;pm;NyD; NyHK;aomfvnf; &Sufjcif;? pdwfvIyf

&Sm;aejcif;? a'goxGuf&jcif;? yifyef;EGrf;e,fjcif;wkdYaMumihf NyHK;onf

ESihfrwlawmhbJ pdwfysufp&mrsufESmay;jzpfaeojzihf tBudrfBudrf

jyef½kdufMu&onf/ rD;xkd;ojzihf olvnf; raewwfjzpfum rsufESmrJhí

rsufvHk;jymí aeonf/ onfMum;xJ rD;xkd;onfukd aMumufvefY

um ti,fqHk;uav;u atmfikdjyefonf/ acsmhír&/

'g½kdufwmu rxnhfawmh[k wm;onf/ tmavmumu

acsmhum &atmifxnhfzkdYBudK;pm;ae\/ uav;uvnf; tikdrwdwf/

[pfíomatmfonf/ cufNyD/ aqGrsKd;pHkwpfa,mufwpfvSnhfacsmh

aomfvnf; tidkrwdwf/ aemufqHk; BuHwpfacsmif;0,fay;vkdufrS

wdwfoGm;onf/

ola&&mcsef'&m;u uav;ukdcsD? urvmu[kdbufuNyHK;

tmavmumu qGJBudK;xkwfjy? xk dtcsde fwGif olcs Dxm;aom

uav;vufrS BuHu jyKwfusum rSefaumifwmay:usNyD; rSefuGJ

oGm;onf/ rif;orD;vefYzsyfum a&Smifaomfvnf; rSefuGJpu vufukd

jcpf&SrdoGm;onf/ rif;orD;rsufESm tBuD;tus,fysufumaeNyD/

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60 »Ü«¼µúÖ


'g½kdufwmu...

]]'Duav;udkrxnfhvdkY rjzpfbl;vm;? uav;u vHk;0

jyóemjzpfaeNyD? rSefvnf;uGJNyD/ 'Dae&m ½kdufvkdYr&awmhbl;/ 'Duwf

ukd r½kdufawmheJYAsm? jzKwfypfvkdufawmh}}

'g½kdufwm\ a'gooHqHk;awmh tmavmumu 'g½kdufwm

ukd &efawGUonf/

]]q&maemf? uRefra&m uav;ygygrSukdjzpfr,f? tm;vHk;

udkygr,fvkdY ajymxm;NyD;om;? uRefrwkdYaemf aiGawGtrsm;BuD;

ukefxm;w,f/ uRefrvnf;ygrS jzpfr,f? uRefrnDrvnf; ygrS/

r&&if r½kdufbl;}}

]]at; r½kdufeJY usKyfvnf; r½kdufawmhbl;? 'Davmuf qkd;

0g;wJhvlawGeJY 'DwpfcgyJ awGUzl;w,f? r½kdufawmhbl;}}

]]r½kdufvkdY &rvm;? ykdufqH,lxm;&if ½kduf&r,f}}

ola&&mcsef'&m; pdwfrxde f;Ed ki fawmhNyD/ olYr def;rtm;

'g½kdufwmukd jyefatmf&rvm;[k a'goxGufum yg;ukd½kduf\/ olY

rdef;rjyefíukwfonf/ olYrdef;r\ armifu olYukd0ifxkd;onf/ olu

vnf; jyefíxkd;onf/ e*kduwnf;u &efapmifaeMuaom ESpfzuf

aqGrsKd;rsm;uvnf; xdef;r&awmhbJ atmf[pfum &efjzpf Mu&if;

eyef;vHk;olvHk;? ukwfzJholukwfzJh? rSefyHk;ESihf aygufolayguf ½IyfaxG;

ukefMu\/

aemufqHk;wGif ola&&mcsef'&m; pdwfukd rxdef;EkdifawmhbJ

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BuHK;atmf[pf&if;u a'goukd tpGrf;ukefaygufuGJum yef;xdrfcHkay:rSm

awGU&onhf rD;a*gufjzihf rSefyHk;rsm;ukd ½kdufcGJypfvkdufonf/

]]tJ'g...aMumfjimyJuG aMumfjimyJ? uJ...uJ ygcsifMuOD;

½kdufcsifMuOD;}}

ola&&mcsef'&m; acgif;rSm aoG;awG&TJaeavNyD/ rSefAD½kdxJ

rS a&TawGvnf; jyefYusJum usukef\/ 'g½kdufwmESihf tzGJUvnf;

wdrf;a&Smifír&/ rif;orD;vufarmif;rSmvnf; tawmfemoGm;onf/

zkd;zkdufppf uifr&mwpfvHk; uGJ\/ urÇmysufonhftvm; qlnHum

0½kef;okef;um; jzpfukefMuavonf/

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62 »Ü«¼µúÖ


(ajcmuf)

zkd;zkdufppf uifr&mwpfvHk;zkd; avsmfvkduf&onf/ a&Tqkdif

udkvnf; ydwfvkduf&onf/ aysmufvkdufonhf a&TawGuvnf; renf;/

ola&&mcsef'&m;vnf; acgif;uGJonhf 'Pf&maMumihf aq;½Hkwufvkduf

onf/ acgif;uGJoGm;aom? rsufESmrSefpkdufukefMuaom tmavmum

trsKd;rsm;u w&m;pGJxm;Muao;onf/ oluvnf; ydkufeufusL;ausmf

vGefrIjzifh w&m;pGJxm;\/ tmavmumuawmh uav;rsm;udkac:um

tdrfay:rSqif;oGm;NyD jzpfavonf/

aMumfjimu qufr½kdufjzpfawmh/ 'g½kdufwmESihf rif;orD;

udkay;NyD;om; aiGvnf; jyefr&awmh/ ola&&mcsef'&m; tdrfudkvnf;

a&mif;vkduf&onf/ avsmfp&m trItwGuf ukefp&maiGrsm;aMumihf

tdrfukda&mif;vkduf&onf/ olYrdef;ruvnf; olYudkjyefraygif;bJ

uav;p&dwfawmif;vsuf&Sdonf/ oluawmh oli,fcsif;wpfa,muf

qkdifrSm vufcpm; yef;xdrfq&mvkyfum rNyD;jywfao;aom olYtrIukd

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&ifqkdifvsuf&Sdonf/

ouFef;uRef;aps;BuD;wpfaps;vHk;rSm ola&&mcsef'&m;\

a&Tqkdifonf emrnfBuD; [kd;[kd;ausmfoGm;\/ xufxufrdk;OD;\

a&TvDa&Tqkdif aMumfjimtopfvmawmh xufxufrkd;OD;taMumif;

ajym&if; aps;xJrSm ola&&mcsef'&m;\ a&TqkdifaMumfjimukd ajymjy

Muao;onf/ a&Tqk difemrnfBuD;oGm;aomfvnf; xkda&Tqk di frSm

r&Sdawmh/

naeu rkd;&GmcJhojzihf '*HkNrdKUopfawmifydkif;twGif; vrf;rsm;

ay:&Sd a&tdkifi,f uav;wpfckpDwGif vrif;u0if;vsuf&Sdonf/

xkdvrif;0if;aeaom a&tdkifuav;rsm;ukd eif;um avQmufvmaom

trl;orm;wpfa,muf n (10) em&DavmufwGif jyefvmavh&Sdonf/

xkdtrl;orm;ukd vlwkdif;uodonf/ tb,hfaMumifhqkdaom olrl;wdkif;

qkdavh&Sdonhf oDcsif;ukd rnfolrS rodaomaMumihfyif jzpfavonf/

]]a&Tqkd&if rSefueft"duxm;...ola&&mcsef'&m; vlwkdif;

onf;xJ...pGJ Nidp&m vSyvGef;pGm ola&&mcsef'&m; vuf&mqkd

pdwfcsxm; t&nftaoG;rSm pdwfcsxm; ola&&mcsef'&m; tm;vHk;&JU

ESvHk;om;rsm; today;vdkYxm; ola&&mcsef'&m; tkd...[kd...[kd ola&

&m csef...'&m;}}

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jynfvrf;ay:rS wa0ga0g jzwfarmif;oGm;Muaom um;

rsm;ay:rS MunhfoGm;rnfqkdvQifawmh cHhnm;aom *syfpifBuD;ukd

aemufcHvsuf *syfpifa&SUvrf;ay:wGif eD? jym? 0g? pdrf; wuúodkvf

ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; wvIyfvIyf? wEGJUEGJU vrf;avQmuf

aeMuonfukd vGrf;armzG,f&m cHpm;&vdrhfrnfjzpfonf/

xkd wvIyfvIyf? wEGJUEGJU ausmif;om;rsm;xJwGif uRefawmf

vnf; ygonf/ uRefawmhfa&SUr S cyfokwfokwf oGm;aeonhf

ausmif;olrsm;teufrS aumifrav;wpfa,mufaemufudk uRefawmf

vk dufaejcif; jzpfonf/ uRefawmf hE SvH k;om;onf a'gifvk duf

ckefvsuf&Sdum aoG;rsm;u tvsm;vkduf pD;qif;aeMuNyD; acR;rsm;u

wnhfwnfhpdrfhxGufvsuf&Sdonf/

oluvnf; uRefawmhfa&SUrS oGufoGufBuD; avQmufaeonf/

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68 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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70 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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72 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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74 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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76 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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78 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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xkdokdYjzihf tJ'DaeYu rsufapmif;aygif;rsm;pGmukd uRefawmf

&cJhonf/ aemufwpfaeYusawmh olYrsufapmif;rsm;ukd uRefawmf

owd&aerdonf/ jruRef;omrSm aemufwpfaeYawGUMuawmh olY

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oli,fcsif;rsm;u uRefawmhfukd Munhfum&,fMu\/ oluawmh

rsufapmif;xkd;onf/ tkd;...odyfvSwJh rsufapmif;awGygvm;/

oli,fcsif;awGukd ajymjyawmh oli,fcsif;awGu &,fMu

onf/ rkefYzufxkyfwpfyGJ[k atmfMu pMu\/ rif; vkdufygvm;?

rif;udkMunhfNyD; bmawG ajymaeMuvJ rodbl;? ponfjzihf ajr§mufxkd;

yihfaumfvkyfMu\/ tjyefvkdufMunhfawmh olwkdYu øßÛé÷ rSm?

'DvkdESihf øßÛé÷ ukd rMumcPa&mufonf/

uRefawmfvmvQif olYoli,fcsif;rsm;u...

]]eEa& eihf rkefYzufxkyf vmNyDa[h}} [k olrudk pçwwfonf/

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]rkefYzufxkyf}[k ac:onf/ &Sdapawmh/ reE´m rsufapmif;

vSvSav;rsm; aus;Zl;urÇm? rkefYzufxkyf/

uRefawmf twdwfukdawG;&if; reE´rsufESmuav;ukd

ai;arm&if;? reE´rsuf0ef;uav;rsm;ukd zrf;&if;ygvmonf/ olonf

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cspfw,fvkdY ajymzkdYwm0ef uRefawmfhrSm &SdaeNyD/ tJ'DaemufrSm

uRefawmfb,favmufrsm; 'ku©a&muf&OD;rSmvJ}} uRefawmf awG;

aepOf...

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uRefawmf usKH;atmfvkdufonf/ ikHYMunhfawmh uRefawmfhaygifta&SUu

a>rwpfaumifvkd vSpfceJxGufoGm;aom vufwpfzuf/ tJ'D

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80 »Ü«¼µúÖ


vufwpfzufrSm wG,fcsdwf tBuD;BuD;wpfacsmif;/

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bmaMumihf csdwfeJYxkd;&wmvJ}}

uRefawmf ]tm;} ceJatmfoHaMumihf um;ay:u vlawG

0dkif;MunhfMuonf/ uRefawmfucsdwfukdifxm;aom vufukd qGJxm;

cJh\/ xkdvufu reEmESihfuRefawmftMum;rSm &yfaeonhf aumifrav;

wpfa,muf\vuf/

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]]bm}}

]]xkd;w,f? vuftNidrfraevkdY xkd;w,f}}

]]cifAsm; bmpum;ajymwmvJ? cifAsm;ukd uRefawmfu

bmvkyfvkdYvJ}}

uRefawmfu tvefYwMum; atmfonf/ xkdifcHkrSm xkdifaeol

rsm;uvnf; armhMunhfMu\/ wpfcsKdUu NyHK;ppjzpfMuonf/ reE´m\

rsufESmonf rIefukyfum ½kyfysufqif;ysuf jzpfaeonf/ oGm;NyD/

uRefawmftvHk;pHkukd &dyfrdNyD/

wu,fawmh uRefawmf reEmudk jrif&atmif cE¨mukd,fukd

nmbufapmif;um ta&SUrSvlukd auGUywfxm;&ojzihf uRefawmfh

b,fbufaygifu [kdwpfzufwGif usefcJhonf/ xkdaumifrav;awG

ESihf uRefawmfu ta0;BuD;rjzpf/ 'Dudpö&atmif &Sif;rS jzpfrnf/

r[kwfvQif reE´mESihfuRefawmf.../

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]]cifAsm;ukd b,folu bmvkyfvkdYvJ ajym? cifAsm;eJY

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w,fAs? vkyfwJhvlukd cifAsm;xdatmif xkd;ygvm;? a[h b,faumif

vJuG? ajym...ajym cifAsm;ukd b,faumifvkyfwmvJ ajym}}

&Sufpdwf? a'goESihf rTefxlaeonhf uRefawmhftoHaMumihf

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a,musfm;av;wpftkyf&S donf/ &Suf&SufESif h vSnh frMunf hbJ

xkd;vkdufonfhcsdwfu uRefawmhfaygifukd vmpdkufjcif;om jzpfonf/

½kwfw&ufqkdawmh pl;ceJemum uRefawmf ratmfbJ b,faeEkdifygh

rwHk;/

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usKyfu ta0;BuD;}}

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vmxkd;wmvJ}}

uRefawmf a'gowBuD;atmf[pfaeaomaMumihf uRefawmhf

tem;rSm vl&S JoGm;onf/ xk daumifrav;ESpfa,mufaemufrS

a,musfm;rsm; rSwfwkdi fa&mufawmh qif;oGm;Mu\/ reE´mu

uRefawmhftm; EIwfcrf;ukdauG;um rkef;rkef;wD;wD; pdkufMunhfNyD;

csmceJ rsufESmvTJoGm;onf/ oGm;NyD/ &Sufpdwfonf cE¨mukd,fwpfck

vHk;rSm wapäwpfaumifvkd vSnhfvnfae\/ vlawGu uRefawmhf

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82 »Ü«¼µúÖ


tjzpfukd Munhfum wcGD;cGD;&,fMuonf/ uRefawmufu ckefaygufvkdY

aumif;wkef;? vufoD;vufarmif;wef;wkef;? &SufpdwfESihf a'goBuD;

wkef;/

]]b,faumifvJuG? tqihftwef;edrhfwm ajymprf;? at;

...eifwkd Yuvnf; ukd,h fukdxdwJ hvlukd taotcsm a&G;xkd;Mu?

r[kwfbJeJY cH&wm...awmuf}}

]]awmfygawmh? &SifvkyfwmeJY wpfum;vHk;odukefNyD? uRefr

awmif;yefygw,f? 'ku©ygyJ? awmfygawmhaemf? vkyfwJhvlawGvnf;

qif;oGm;ygNyD? uRefrvnf; b,fodrvJ? q,hfESpfvHk;wef;ygw,f?

qif;r,f[m? jzLjzL qif;r,f}}

reE´mrsufESmu rnf;arSmifvsuf&Sdonf/ uRefawmfhudk vHk;0

rMunhfawmh? &ifxJarmoGm;\/ &Sufpdwf0ifvm\/ vlawGu

uRefawmhfukd wpfvSnhf? [kdaumifrav;awGukd wpfvSnhf NyHK;ppESihf

MunhfMuonf/ bmjzpfwmvJ? bmjzpfwmvJ ar;oluar;? &Sif;olu

&Sif;? 0g;ceJ &,folu &,f? uRefawmhfukd vkdufMunhfolu Munhf/

uRefawmfvnf; &Suf&Sufjzihf um;&yfawmh qif;vkdufonf/

um;rxGufciftxd em;vnfygapawmhqkdNyD reE´mukd um;atmufrS

awmif;yefMunhf Munhf&onf/ reEmu rkef;rkef;wD;wD; uRefawmhfukd

rsufESmvTJoGm;onf/ um;xGufoGm;awmh uRefawmf acgif;ikdifpkdufus

usefcJhonf/

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pum;oHMum;í vSnhfMunhfawmh xkdaumifrav;awGukd

awGU&onf/ usefonhf oHk;a,mufu yg;pyfukd vufjzihftkyfum

rtDrvnf uRefawmhfrsufESmukd MunhfNyD; &,fMuonf/ a'go

axmif;ceJ xGufoGm;\/

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MunhfOD;? tJ'geJY txkd;cH&wm rembJ aervm;? aemufNyD; wpfcsuf

wnf;awmif r[kwfbl;? ESpfcsufAs? ESpfcsuf odvm;}}

aumifrav;awGu 0g;ceJ &,fMujyefonf/ olu csdwfukd

iHkYMunhfvkdufNyD; [aeonhftcRefukd ezm;xJ jyefxnhfum vHk;0

r&,fbJ tm;empGm &Sif;jy&Smonf/

]][kdav xm;vnf; &Suf&SufeJY...tJ'g? xm; awmif;yef

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aumifrav;rsufESmu &JoGm;onf/ uRefawmfvnf; ar;NyD;rS

rSm;oGm;rSef; odvkduf\/

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t&Sufuvnf; uGJ&ao;? a&mhyg}}

urf;ay;onhf y½kwfqDbl;uk d uk di fum xm;qk donhf

aumifrav;ukd Munhf&onf/ qHyifawGu &Snfonf/ tom;u

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84 »Ü«¼µúÖ


reE´xufyif jzLao;\/ EIwfcrf;yg;yg;? &,fvkdufvQif oGm;wuf

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ukd,fayguføº·²»÷ \/

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]],lxm;vkdufyg y½kwfqDbl;? xm;wkdYu &SufvkdY 'DrSm

qif;vkdufwm? wu,fqkd ausmufukef;txd pD;&rSm}}

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bmvkyf&r,fqkdwm rodvkdY qif;rdwm}}

pum;qHk;awmh uRefawmfwkdYtm;vHk; &,fvkdufMuonf/

]]a[h...xm; Adkufqmw,fuGm? pHrrSDrSm rkefY[if;cg; pm;&

atmif}}

]]pm;av? [kd...ola&m...vmyg? uRefrwkdYukd pdwfrqkd;bl

qkd&if pm;ygOD;}}

bmvky f&r Se f ; rodawmhojzih f uRe fawm fvnf; tl

aMumifaMumifjzihf ygoGm;onf/ aumifrav;u pum;enf;\/

uRefawmhfukd armhMunhfNyD; &SufNyHK; rMumcP NyHK;onf/ NyHK;vkdufwkdif;

oGm;wufuav;u zswfceJ ay:vmwwf\/ rkefY[if;cg;pm;NyD;awmh

jyefajym&if; &,f&if;arm&if; um;rpD;awmhbJ ausmufukef;txd

vrf;avQmufMuonf/

aemufwpfaeYusawmh y½kwfqDbl; jyefay;&if; awGUMuonf/

xm;u uRefawmhfukd awmif;yefírqHk;/ reEmuawmh uRefawmhfukd

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jrifvQif zswfceJ rsufESmvTJoGm;\/ &Sdapawmh/ aemufESpfvavmuf

Mumawmh xm;ESihf uRefawmf cspfoljzpfoGm;Muonf/

cHkjymwef;Ekuav;ay:rSm uRefawmf xm; ycH k;av;ukd

zufxm;cJh\/ tcspfonf wpfcgwpf&Hawmh qef;Mu,fvGef;onf/

]]xm;ukd cg;wkdYwJhvl b,folvJ rodbl;? vufzuf&nf

wkdufcsifvdkufwmuGm}}

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&,favonf/

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aqmif;eHeufcif;xuf at;jrNyD; ESif;yGihfuav;awGvdk El;nHhaom

toHav;ukd ol rSwfrdygonf/ rkefY[if;cg;pm;&if;u armhMunhfawmh

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onf/

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wpfzufwpfcsuf pnf;umxm;\/ oGm;yGwfwHESihf jcpfum vdrf;xm;

aom oeyfcg;aMumif;uav;u EIwfcrf;zl;zl;uav;tay: pnf;

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90 »Ü«¼µúÖ


ausmfum jzwfoef;vsuf&Sdonf/ &ifckefoHaMumihf olYwpfudk,fvHk;

aEG;umvmonf/ pm;aeonhf rkefY[if;cg;t&omu b,fukd a&muf

oGm;rSef;rodawmh/

rkefY[if;cg; r&ygapESihfOD;qkdaom qkawmif;u rjynhf/

tefwDat;u a&SUuvlawGukd ausmfum olrukd xnhfay;onf/

olru NyHK;jy&if; tefwDat;ukd vufxJrSm qkyfxm;onhf ig;&mwef

uav;udkay;&if; tavmwBuD;ar;onf/

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NyD;awmh armifESrESpfaumifrdkY cGJray;csifvkdYwJh/ tefwDat;uawmh

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ay;ypfcsifwm ajymvkdYukd r&bl;}}

aumifrav;rsufESm tkdpmum oGm;onf/ cyfrJhrJhuav;

vkyfum acgif;ukd ukwf\/

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r&Sdawmhbl;vm;[if}}

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ol ykdufqH&Sif;NyD; aysmf&TifpGm aumifrav;emufu vkdufvm

rdonf/ okdYaomf ol aumifrav;aemufykdif;ukd rMunhfcJhyg/ ajc<u

vkdufwkdif; ,drf;vIyfoGm;cJhaom ik0gqkdonhf aumifrav;&JU qHyifff

tzsm;uav;awGukdyJ ai;&if; vkdufcJhygonf/ 'Dvkd xdef;odrf;ae&

awmhrS olYt&ifxum tdrfukd ta&mufoGm;NyD; tdrfa&SUuae

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tdrfa&SUukda&mufawmh aMumifvkdcsifaewJh aumifrav;a&

oGm;awmh[k &ifxJu wkd;wkd;uav; EIwfqufjzpfao;\/ tdrfxJ

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aMumifav;aumifukd Munhfum NyHK;vkdufonf/

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xl;qef;ovdk uRefawmhfukd armhMunhfum wanmifanmif tpm

awmif;aeonf/

ol bmvkyfawmhrnfqkdwmukd rdwfaqG&dyfrdygvdrhfrnf/

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vkyfvdrhfrnfr[kwfyg/ tjiifomqHk; taooyfqHk;jzpfatmif

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92 »Ü«¼µúÖ


pDpOf&ygvdrhfrnf/

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wm (2) vcefYavmufyJ &SdOD;rnf/ olwkdYtdrfESihf wpfvrf;ausmfu

pHy,fvrf;xJrSm aeonfhtwGuf eHeufcif;rkefYxGuf0,fonhftcgrsKd;?

sausmif;oGm;ausmif;jyefaeYrsKd;qkdvQif olwkdYtdrfa&SUrS jzwfjzwfoGm;&

ojzihf odaecJhwm MumNyDjzpfonf/

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vSaom rde f;uav;wpfa,muf[k owdxm;rdonf/ 'Dawmh

a,musfm;av;xHk;pHtwkdif; BuHK&if owdxm;Munhfjzpfonf/ pm&if;

xJokdY olr a&mufumvm\/ olYrsufESmuvnf; wpfcgMunhfNyD;

av aemufwpfcg xyfMunhfcsifavqkdawmh &ifxJodkY wjznf;jznf;

a&mufvmum &vQifcspfrnhf pm&if;xJokdY vG,fvG,fyif 0ifvmjcif;

jzpfonf/ olESihfcspfoljzpfMuvQif jrwfjrwfEkd;Ekd;cspfEkdifvdrhfrnf[k

t<uif;rJh ,Hkygonf/

olu wwd,ESpfqkdawmh olYxuf (3)ESpfavmufawmh

i,frnf/ okdYaomf olYukd av;pm;jrwfEkd;pGm cspfcsifygonf/ tdrfa&SUu

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vrf;rSmqHkvQifMunhf? olYukd Munfhrdaom tMunhfawG &ifxJrSm

xyfxm;vQif NydKvJusvkNyD/ olYudk ydkcspfvmonf/

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tdrfu tjzLa&mifay:rSm a&T0ga&miftuGufawGygaom

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pwif taumiftxnfazmfrnf/

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94 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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rxm;csifawmhbl;}}

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'grSr[kwf ik0gaMumifwpfaumif &oGm;NyDvm;/ ol aemufxyf

usnfqHwpfawmihf xkd;xnfhxm;&rSmvm;/ wwfEkdifvQifawmh olonf

'Dudpöudk oabFmurf;uyfovkdom oGm;csifoljzpfygonf/ oabFm

awG urf;uyfwJhtcg ta0;BuD;uae puf&SdefavsmhNyD; a&pD;eJY

arQmcsMuwm r[kwfvm;/

tefwDat;u rkefYyef;uefukd csay;onf/ bmrSrajymao;/

]]aMumif,lr,fhol r&Sdbl;vm;Asm/ t"du aMumifawG ay;ypfcsifvdkY}}

qkdaom usnfqHukd tomxkd;xnhfxm;vkduf\/ tckawmh ypf&ef

r[kwfao;/ rkefYpm;NyD;wJhtxd tefwDat;u ik0gudpöudk qufarh

ae&ifaygh/

odkYaomf ig;rdepfcefY tMumrSm uHaumif;oGm;ygonf/

]][Jh eifhtdrfrSm aMumifb,fESaumifvJ}}

]]av;aumifawmifAs/ bmjzpfvdkYvJ}}

]]wavmu [kdbufvrf;u aumifrav;wpfa,mufu

aMumifvkdcsifvdkYwJh? ighqDrSm awmif;zl;w,f/ ykdae&if ay;vdkufygvm;}}

]]b,fvrf;uvJ? aumif;aumif;rGefrGef arG;rSmvm;}}

]]aumifrav;awG Munhf&wmawmh pm;EkdifaomufEkdifwJh

ww

w.fo

reve

rspa

ce.c

om.m

m




xJuygyJ/ aumif;aumif;rGefrGefarG;rSmyg/ pHy,fvrf;xJuav

ajymif;vmwmawmh odyfrMumao;bl;}}

]]aumif;aumif;arG;&i fawmh ay;r,fAsm/ tdrfrSmu

av;aumifawmif/ xyfayguf&if xyf½IyfMuOD;rSm/ tefwDat;ajym

vkdufav/ ay;r,fvkdY}}

]]at; 'Dqkdif vmaeusyJ/ qHk&if igajymvkdufr,f}}

puf&Sdefowfxm;aom olYoabFmonf qdyfcHabmwHwm;odkY

twdtusqkdufa&mufoGm;avonf/

xkdaeYreufu ESif;awmfawmfusygonf/

eHeuf (7) em&Dtxd ESif;u ruGJcsifao;/ cyfjrihfjrihf

tyifrsm;tm;vHk; jzL;azG;odyfonf;aom ESif;rIefawGxJrSm aysmufaeMu

onf/ tdrfa&SUvrf;ukd tomyif ai;MunhfaecJhygonf/ rnfrQ

odyfonf;pGm usaeaom ESif;xkxJrSmjzpfap olYukd rSwfrdygonf/

tysif;aMumwpfcsuf qefYaewkef; ik0gu tdrfa&SUrS jzwfum

avQmufoGm;\/ tonf;ESvHk;udk ESif;awGusaeonhf tdrfa&SUvrf;ay:

u cJvHk;wpfvHk;ukd at;pufaeatmif ol vkyfxm;ygonf/

wpfuaewpf&mtxd yHkrSef pdwfxJu a&wGufaerdonf/ av;q,f

ausmfawmh pdwfxJu *Pef;a&wGufEIe f;u jrefumvm\/

ckepfq,hfig;rSm ESvHk;om;u ylaEG;vmNyD; rcHEkdifawmh/ ol tdrfxJu

ww

w.fo

reve

rspa

ce.c

om.m

m


96 »Ü«¼µúÖ


xGufvmcJhonf/

tefwDat;qkdifukda&mufawmh olr *sKdih fuav;udkifum

&yfaewkef;yJ jzpfonf/ trSwfpOf wpf&mhig;q,ftxd a&wGuf&if

awmif olr rkefY[if;cg; &EdkifOD;rnf r[kwfyg/ ik0g rvSrf;rurf;rSm

0if&yf&if; olYudk wpfcsufrS rMunhfbJ rkefYwpfyGJukd rSmonf/

tefwDat;u tvkyf½IyfaeqJ/ vGefcJhonhf oHk;av;vu ta<u;ukd

awmifrS owdrarhwwfaom tefwDat;onf wpfaeYu ajymxm;

cJhaom pum;ukd arhroGm;avmufyg[k ol xifygonf/

]]aMomf &J0if;/ [kwfNyD/ ik0ga& orD; aMumif&NyDvm;/

'DrSm olu orD;ukd aMumifay;rvkdYwJh}}

awmfawmfwdkuf½kdufqefaom pum;jzpfonf/ olvkdcsifaom

pum;u 'grsKd;r[kwf/ aMumifykdaeolESihf aMumifvkdaeolESpfa,muf

trSwfwrJh wdkufqkdifum tay;t,l wnhfoGm;wmrsKd; jzpfcsifonf/

tckawmh b,fvkdrS wm;ír&awmh/

]]aMumif? aMomf...tif; r&ao;bl;}}

ik0gyHkpHu wthHwMo 0rf;yef;womrjzpf/ ½kwfw&uf

ajymifusaom tefwDat;pum;aMumihf olYbufu jyefxdef;oGm;[ef

&Sdonf/

]]'gqkd ,lrSm r[kwfvm;/ b,fESaumif,lrSmvJ/ eifua&m

b,fESaumif ay;rSmvJ &J0if;}}

]][kd...orD;u wpfaumifwnf;yJ vkdwmyg tefwDat;&JU}}

ww

w.fo

reve

rspa

ce.c

om.m

m




]]uRefawmfuvnf; wpfaumifavmufyJ ay;rSmyg/ 'D

wpfaumifawmifrS tarhukd awmfawmf ajym,l&OD;rSm}}

'DawmhrS ik0gu olYbuf wpfcsufvSnhfumMunhfonf/

ik0grsufESmrSm t&ifaeYuvdk oeyfcg;r&Sdyg/ rsufESmopfNyD;p pdkajy

vwfqwfaom El;nHhrIukdom awGU&onf/

]]eihftdrfrSm rsm;aewmyJ[,f/ wpfaumifawmh ay;vkdufyg/

olu wu,fvkdaevdkY olYtdrfrSm aMumifawG aomif;usef;aevkdYwJh}}

]][m...<uufyg tefwDat;&JU}}

ik0gu trSm;ukd jyifay;&if; vGwfvyfpGm wpfcsuf&,f

onf/ olvkdcsifaewmu 'grsKd;ayghyg;vGwfvyfrIyif jzpfonf/

]]tdkau? ay;r,fav/ 'gayr,hf uRefawmhfaMumifukdawmh

tpm00auR;&r,faemf}}

'kdif;ceJ olYxHokdY rsuf0ef;wpfpHk a&mufumvm\/

]]auR;rSmaygh/ b,folu tiwfxm;rSmvJ [kwfw,f}}

]][m r[kwfbl;/ ukd,fay;r,hfaMumifu awmfawmf tpm;

ykwfvkdYajymwmyg}}

]]aMumifpm;wmyJ/ vlwpfa,mufpmavmuf rukefygbl;}}

]][kwfygw,f/ ukd,fu aMumifukd 'DqkdifrSmyJ ay;xm;&rSm

vm;}}

]]tdrfu a0;vdkYvm;[if}}

]][ifhtif;? ra0;ygbl;/ 'Dvrf;tv,fem;avmuf iSufaysmEk

ww

w.fo

reve

rspa

ce.c

om.m

m


98 »Ü«¼µúÖ


a&mif aq;okwfxm;wJhtdrfu udk,fwkdYtdrfyJ}}

pum;p jywfoGm;onf/ tefwDat;ukd yk@m;wkdifxm;um

ajymwkef;u uRefawmf[k oloHk;cJhaomfvnf; ik0gESihf wkduf½kdufpum;

ajymawmh ukd,f[k wrifwum owdxm;um oHk;cJhonf/ rdef;uav;

wpfa,mufukd pawGUawGUcsif; uRefawmfawG bmawG oGm;oHk;NyD;rS

aemuf ]]ukd,f}} (odkY) ]]wdkY}} oHk;vQif olwdkYu odyf rBudKufcsifMu/

'Dvl ajymif;vJvmNyDqkdwmukd owdxm;wwfMuonf/ odkYr[kwf

cifrifrIukd tcGihfta&;,lonf[k xifwwfMuonf/

rdef;uav;wpfa,mufESihf pwifawGUjcif;onf a,musfm;

av;wpfa,muftwGuf awmfawmfukd ta&;BuD;ygonf/ oluawmh

&EkdiforQ qufqHa&;ukd rxdckduf[kqdkvQif tukef,lxm;oihfonf[k

,lqonf/ pawGUawGU&csif; ukd,fu ulnD&jzpfaeojzihf enf;enf;

uav;omatmif wifxm;jcif;vnf;jzpfonf/

xkdaeYu xl;qef;pGm ik0gu olYvkdyifrSm rkefY[if;cg;ukd

pm;\/ okdYaomf ik0g rkefYpm;tawmfjrefygonf/ olYaemufrS&um

olYt&ifpm;vkdYNyD;um [if;&nfawGbmawGyif awmif;umaomufae

fNyD/ 'Dwpfcgawmh ol bmrS rwwfEkdifawmhbJ oHk;yHkwpfyHkavmufusef

aom rkefY[if;cg;ukd xm;ypfcJh&onf/ wrifyif aumifrav;ESihfol

twl qkdifrS xGufcJhonf/

twl,SOfum avQmufvmaom olYukd ik0gu iJhumMunhf

onf/ bmrSawmh rajym/ olu NyHK;um acgif;qwfjyvkduf\/

ww

w.fo

reve

rspa

ce.c

om.m

m




olYtdrfa&SUukd a&mufawmh qwfceJ &yfypfvkdufNyD; cyfoGufoGuf

pum;ukd p&onf/

]]'g ukd,fwkdYtdrfyJ/ rif;tck ,loGm;vkdYawmh rjzpfbl;eJYwl

w,f/ rif;qDrSm rkefY[if;cg;xkwfawGeJY}}

]]tck r,lygbl;/ ausmif;u jyefvmrS ,lr,fav}}

]]ausmif;u...? rif;u b,fESwef;vJ}}

]]wwd,ESpf}}

]]bmar*smvJ}}

ik0gu rsufvHk;udk wjcm;bufodkY vTJypfvkdufum toHcyf

wkd;wkd;jzihf ajzonf/

]]orkdif;}}

ol ik0g jrifatmifyif wdwdususBuD; NyHK;ypfvkdufygonf/

ik0gu pmodyfrawmfyg/ 'g olYtwGuf aumif;onf/ pmenf;enf;

awmfonhf rdef;uav;awGqkd pmoifaewkef;rSm bmnmawG vm

wwf\/

]]rif; ausmif;u b,ftcsdef jyefa&mufrSmvJ}}

]]oHk;em&Davmufaygh}}

]][m 'gqkd ukd,ftdrfrSm &SdrSm r[kwfbl;uG/ av;em&DcGJ

avmufrS vmcJh[kwfNyDvm;/ 'DaMumifu ukd,fzrf;ay;rS&rSm}}

ik0gu acgif;udk wpfcsufndwfum olYukd aus;Zl;wif

ygw,f/ bmnmyif EIwfrqufbJ xGufumoGm;\/ trSefawmh

ww

w.fo

reve

rspa

ce.c

om.m

m


100 »Ü«¼µúÖ


ol (3) em&Dukd b,frS oGm;p&mr&Sdyg/ pçpcsif; t&mtm;vHk;

tqifajyaeatmif vkyfay;ovdk jzpfaerSmpkd;í wpfckavmuf

xpfxm;vkdufjcif;omjzpf\/ 'grS tBuHESihf ulnDolwpfa,muf[k

olYukd rxifrSm r[kwfvm;/

tdrfay:a&mufawmh ajcokwfcH krSm acGum ESyfaeaom

aMumifukd a&SUvufESpfzufrS qGJ,lum tm;&yg;& erf;vkdufonf/

aMumif wu,f tlaMumifaMumif jzpfoGm;[efwl\/ jyefcsay;NyD;

olYtcef;xJ0ifvkdufawmh aMumifu pdwfvkdvuf& olYajccHkukd

vkdufyGwfum tpmawmif;aeojzihf wpfcsuf ydwfuefum xm;ypf

cJh&onf/

nae av;em&Dxkd;NyD;awmh ol pdwfenf;enf; ylpjyKvm

onf/ ol wpfcsufwif;vkdufwm rSm;rsm;oGm;NyDvm;/ ik0gtdrfukd

aMumifrS vm,lygawmhrvm;[k awG;aerdonf/ av;em&DyJ

&Sdao;w,f[k olYukd,fol tm;ay;&onf/ aMumifudkvnf; rsufajc

rjywf&atmif pmav;acGcsum auR;xm;&\/ ik0gvmrS aMumifukd

vkdufzrf;ae&wmrsKd; ol rjzpfcsifyg/

ig;em&D xkd;cg;eD;avmufrS olYtdrfa&SUodkY uav;rav;

wpfa,muf vmum&yfonf/ xkdYaemuf yk@&dyfyiftuG,fodkY jyefum

0ifoGm;jyef\/ cPMumawmh jyefum xGuf&yfjyefonf/ ol

ajy;qif;um wHcg;ukd zGihfMunhfawmh ik0gukd awGU&onf/ vufxJrSm

jcif;awmif;uav;ukdifvkdY/

ww

w.fo

reve

rspa

ce.c

om.m

m




]]aqm&D;uGm? udk,fu emrnfajymcJhzkdY arhoGm;wm/ a&muf

aewm MumNyDvm;}}

]]&ygw,f}}

wnfNidrfaom ajzoHukd Mum;&onf/ ckeu NcHwHcg;a&SUrSm

vm&yfwJh aumifrav;u ik0g&JU nDrjzpfyHk&onf/ ½kyfcsif;u

qifMuonf/ toufuawmh oHk;av;ESpf uGmrnfxifonf/

]]uJ...vm? vm vm}}

tdrfay:ukd r&Jw&J wufvmNyD;awmh qkdzmay:rSm Murf;jyifrSm

tdyfaeacGaeMuaom aMumifawGukd Munhfonf/ aMumifawGu

trJESpfaumif? rD;ckd;a&mifwpfaumifESihf tjzLESihfpyfxm;aom a&T0g

ajymufygaom cyfvSvSwpfaumifjzpfonf/

]]b,ftaumifukd ay;rSmvJ[if}}

uav;rav;u r&Jw&Jar;onf/ ik0guawmh bmrSrajz/

olYukd wpfcsufMunhfonf/

]]rdef;uav;qkdwm vSwmrSBudKufw,fqkdwm ukd,fodyg

w,f/ rif;wdkY a&T0ga&mifyJ vkdcsifwm r[kwfvm;/ tJ'DtaumifyJ

ay;rSmyg}}

]][,f...'Dtaumifav;vm;/ cspfp&mav;aemf rr}}

uav;rav;u aysmfoGm;um aMumifukd iHkYum yGwfoyf

ay;aeonf/

]]tdrfua&m ay;&JUvm;}}

ww

w.fo

reve

rspa

ce.c

om.m

m


102 »Ü«¼µúÖ


]]tif;...ajymawmh ajym,l&wmaygh/ 'gayrJh tkdauoGm;ygNyD/

tdrfu oabmwlygw,f}}

trSefawmh uRefawmfwkd Ytdrfu aMumifawG bmawGukd

odyftav;teufxm;NyD; arG;wmrsKd; r&Sd/ tdrfrSm a&mufaeí

arG;xm;auR;xm;wmavmufyJ &Sdygonf/ tckaMumifay;zkdYawmif

b,folYudkrS wkdifyif&wmrsKd; r&Sd/ rawGUí ar;vqif ay;vkdufNyD[k

ajymzkdYom&Sdonf/ 'gayr,hf [efukd,fzkdY r[kwfvm;/ tvG,ftwl

ay;vkdufvkdYu bmxl;OD;rSmvJ/

]][Jh...qkrm odyfrudkifeJYav}}

]]&ygw,f/ 'Daumifu tpm;om ykwfwm/ ,Ofygw,f/

udpör&Sdbl;/ xnhfp&mu 'Djcif;yJygwmvm;/ &ygw,f/ tqifajy

atmif vkyfay;vkdufr,f}}

uRefawmf BudK;wpfacsmif; oGm;,lum aMumifukd jcif;xJ

tom,lum ayGUxnhfNyD; jcif;xdyfudk BudK;jzihf pnf;umay;vdkufonf/

jcif;xJa&mufrS aMumifu wanmifanmifatmfonf/

]]uJ...atmfraeeJYrd0g/ rif;ocifopftdrfrSm aumif;aumif;

ae&r,faemf/ [kwfNyDvm;}}

wu,fhawmh 'DaumifhrSm bmemrnfrS r&Sdyg/ 'gayr,hf

uRefawmf ypfvdkufonhfjrm;u wnfhwnfhxdygonf/

]][,f...olYemrnfu rd0gwJhvm;/ rremrnfeJY wlaewmaygh

aemf/ ararwkdYu rrukd rd0gyJ ac:Muwm}}

ww

w.fo

reve

rspa

ce.c

om.m

m




]][kwfvm;/ olYudkawmh tdrfu a&T0gvkdY ac:Muwm/

tzsm;qGwfuawmh rd0gaygh/ rif;emrnfu b,fvlvJ}}

]]ik0gav}}

ti,frav;u cyfoGufoGuf 0ifum ajzonf/

]]rru ik0gausmfwJh/ orD;u qkrmarmf}}

]]aMomf...'gqkd 'DaumihfemrnfeJY wlaewmaygh/ tdrfa&muf&if

emrnftopf jyefay;vdkufav}}

]]&ygw,f}}

]]uJ...'gqkd ,loGm;awmh/ uJ rd0g ocifopfeJY rif;

uHaumif;ygapuGm/}}

ik0gu rsuf0ef;uav;vSefum olYudk wpfcsufMunhfonf/

NyD;awmh urf;ay;aom jcif;ukd owdwBuD; vSrf;,lum vSnfhxGuf

onf/ xHk;pHtwkdif; aus;Zl;awG bmawGawmifrS rajym/ olY&ifxJrSm

[mumoGm;onf/ ik0gwkdYNcH0ukd vGefoGm;rS tm;&yg;& NyHK;&if;...

]]rif;avmbrBuD;csifprf;ygeJYuGm}}[kolYukd,folowday;&onf/}}

[kwfw,f/ 'gu yGJtpyJ &Sdao;wm/ tckqkdvQif aumifr

av;eJY olYtMum;rSm qufqHa&;wpfck &SdoGm;NyD/ aMumifwpfaumif

&SdaeNyD r[kwfvm;/ t&ifwkef;uvkd ta0;u ai;Munhfaep&m

rvkdawmh/ aumifrav;udk ol csufcsif;oGm;pum;ajymvdkY &NyDav/

ww

w.fo

reve

rspa

ce.c

om.m

m


104 »Ü«¼µúÖ


reuf rkd;vif;vif;csif; tdrfa&SUqkdzmay:rSm ikwfwkwfxkdif

aeaom aMumifukd awGUvkduf&ojzihf ol awmfawmf pdwfysufum

oGm;onf/ 'DaeY rkefY[if;cg;qkdifrSm awGUvQif ]]ukd,hfaMumifu

wm0efaus&JUvm;[k ar;rnfqkdaom pdwful;ukd zsufypfvkduf&onf/

aMumifu wpfcsuf orf;a0um ajy;qif;vmNyD; olYajcaxmufukd

vmyGwfoyfaeonf/ tckrS awmfawmfcspfaew,fayghav/ ol

a'goESihf ydwfuefypfvkdufonf/

nuwnf;u vGwfum tdrfukd jyefa&mufaeyHkay:onf/

tdrfuvnf; wpfvrf;ausmfqkdawmh teD;uav; r[kwfvm;/

olYajcaxmufukd vmyGwfaeaom aMumifukd ydwfuefum ol

tdyfcef;xJ0ifvmcJhonf/ 'DaeY rkefY[if;cg;qkdifukd roGm;zdkY qHk;jzwf

vkduf\/ 'Denf;eJYr&vQif ol y&d,m,fajymif;&awmhrnf r[kwfvm;/

xkdaeYwpf&ufwdwdapmihfNyD; aemufwpfaeYreufrSm tdrfa&SUrS

jzwfoGm;aom ik0gukd wrifapmihfum NyHK;jyNyD; twlvkdufavQmuf

cJhonf/

]]rd0g tqifajyw,f r[kwfvm;}}

ik0g olYukd rsuf0ef;wpfcsuf vSnfhMunhfum xHk;pHtwkdif;

]]ajyygw,f}} [k ajzonf/ ol NyHK;vkdufonf/

]]xGufrajy;wm awmfao;wmaygh/ ukd,fu pkd;&drfaewm}}

ik0gu bmrSjyefrajym/ rkef Yqkdifa&mufawmhvnf; bm

pum;rS xyfrajymjzpf/ rkef Yuk d uref;uwef;0,fum olYukd

ww

w.fo

reve

rspa

ce.c

om.m

m




EIwfrqufbJ oGufoGufxGufoGm;aom aumifrav;ukd Munhfum

ol NyHK;aevkdufonf/ &J0if;qdkwJh aumifu rif;xifxm;oavmuf

rnHhbl;qkdwmudkawmh rif; ,Hkxm;yg rdik0ga&/

nae av;em&DcG JavmufrSm aMumifukd zrf;NyD; bmrS

rqkdifbJ tpDtpOft& a&csKd;um ay;onf/ aMumifu vefYjzefYum

aMumufvefYwMum; ½kef;onf/ aqmif;naecif;BuD; a&csKd;ay;awmh

csrf;vGef;ojzihf wkefumae&Smonf/ olYukd,folvnf; bmawG

jzpfaerSef;ukd 'Daumif em;vnf[efrwl/ taruawmh olYukd

wpfcsufMunhfum cyfqwfqwfar;onf/

]]&J0if; eif bmjzpfaewmvJ}}

]]'Daumihfukd a&csKd;ay;aewm tar/ ay;ypfrvkdY}}

taru bmrS xyfrajymawmh/ yxrtBudrf ay;wkef;u

tarodyif rodvkdufbl; r[kwfvm;/ NyD;awmh aMumifukd a>rta&cGH

tdwfxJ xnhf,lum ik0gwkdYtdrfubufodkY xGufvmcJhonf/ tdrfa&SU

a&mufawmh zGifhxm;aom wHcg;rS cyfwnfwnfyif 0ifvmcJhonf/

&J0if;qkdwJh aumifu wpfcgwpf&H olYukd,fol 'Dvkd ,HkMunfwwfol

jzpfygonf/

tdrfay:a&mufawmh ik0gvefYoGm;yHk&onf/ ik0g\tarukd

vnf; awGU&onf/

]]'Daumif aeYcif;u jyefa&mufvmvdkY}}

ajym&if; ol aMumifuk d tdwfxJrS xkwfvkdufonf/

ww

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reve

rspa

ce.c

om.m

m


106 »Ü«¼µúÖ


a&ajcmufatmif okwfxm;aomfvnf; tcsrf;rajyao;aom aMumif

u ukwfum wkefae&Smonf/ NyD;awmh olYukd armhMunhfum

bmrS raya&bJ bmjzpfvkdY a&csKd;ay;wmvJ[k ar;aeyHk&onf/

]]wpfukd,fvHk; AGufawGeJY aya&aevkdY a&csKd;NyD; jyefvmydkY

wmyg}}

]]aMomf...tm;em;p&mBuD;uG,f? tefwDwkdYvnf; tkyfaqmif;eJY

aoaocsmcsm tkyfxm;wmyJ/ tJ'g nu 0kef;ceJ toHMum;NyD;

vGwfoGm;wmyJ? aMumifu rif;wkdYtdrfu aMumifvm;}}

]][kwfw,f tefwD? ik0gawmif;wmeJY ay;vdkufwm? nu

'DaumifaMumufvefY Ny D; avQmufajy;&if; AGufxJjyKwfuswm

xifw,f? 'geJY reufu ar;awmh tqifajyygw,fqkd}}

ik0gidkifum oGm;\/ NyD;awmh rsufvTmukdcsum wpfzufodkY

vTJoGm;onf/

]]aysmufoGm;w,f ajym&rSm tm;emvkdY? naeurS ay;wm

nbuf aysmufoGm;wmukd;}}

rsufESmtkdtkd? avoHaysmhaysmhuav;eJYwif ol auseyfvkduf

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112 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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124 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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126 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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128 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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130 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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132 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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134 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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136 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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138 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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140 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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142 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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144 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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148 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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152 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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176 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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qkdonf/ xkdtcsdefrSm jyóemwpfck&Sd\/ aiGaMu;omjzpfonf/

uRefawmhfrSm ZmwfñTef;cu rxkwf&ao;/ tdwfxJrSm aiGwpfaxmif

ausmfausmfom ygonf/ jynfa&mufrS xkwf,lum xkdaiGukd

pm;&dwfvkyfaecJhrnf[k pdwful;xm;jcif;jzpf\/ tckvGJoGm;awmh

uRefawmfpOf;pm;&onf/ odkYaomf udpör&Sd/ uRefawmhfrSm&Sdonhf

aiGukd vrf;pm;&dwfvkyfum jynfokdYvkdufcJhonf/ jynfNrdKUu usOf;usOf;

uav;? um;½kdufaewmukd &Smír&p&m r&Sd/

od k Yaomf uRefawm fqk donf haumifu vGJaeusawGE Sih f

awmfawmf zl;pmqHkol/ tom;usaeolomjzpfonf/ uRefawmf

wGufxm;orQ aocsmonfqkdaom t&mawGtm;vHk;ukd vTJypfzk dY

ewfa'0g wpfyg;yg;ukd odMum;rif;u wm0efay;xm;[ef wlonf/

xkdewfuvnf; wm0efausvSygonf/ rysif;r&d vHkYv&SdvSaom

ewfaywum;/

jynfa&mufí pHkprf;awmh um;½kdufaejcif;ukd b,folrSrod/

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188 »Ü«¼µúÖ


xrif;auR;rSm usdef;aoojzihf udkwkd;BuD;wkdY yifra&pD; um;eHygwf

a&;onf yef;csDqkdi fem;u xrif;qkdi fukdar;awmh ½Iwifum;

vmoGm;aMumif;? xrif;pm;rnf ajymaomfvnf; jyefrvmaMumif;

od&onf/ b,frSm½kdufovJqkdawmh olwkdYvnf; rodMu? cuf

aewmu uRefawmh ftusÐtdwfESihf aiGjzpfonf/ uRefawmh fr Sm

aiGckepf&mom &Sdawmh\/ uRefawmf ukdrsKd;rif;wkdYESihf awGUrSukd

jzpfrnf/

aemufqHk;pOf;pm;&if ukd&nfaZmfarmifukd owd&onf/

olYqDrSm qkdifu,f&Sdonf/ xkdqkdifu,fjzihf ½kdufuGif;ukd vkduf&Srnf/

uRefawmf ZmwfñTe f;a&;c J haom Zmwft& jynfvrf;ay:rSm

um;ysufum &efjzpfwmawGygojzihf jynfNrdKUem;u vrf;wpfvrf;

vrf;rSm &Sdukd&S d&rnf[k uRefawmfawG;um udk&nfaZmfarmif\

pmtkyfqkdi fodk Yvmonf/ okd Yaomf udk&nfaZmfarmifuk d rawGU?

cPapmif hvnf; jyefrvm/ uRefawmf pdwfylum jyefxGufrS

a&mufvmonf/ ajymjyawmh jyór&Sd/ qkdifu,fay:wufum

&SmyHkawmfzGihfMuonf/ odkYaomf jynfNrdKUwpfNrdKUvHk;ESihf a&jymtxd

qkdifu,fESihfa&mufonf rawGU? uRefawmhfpdwfavQmhvkdufonf/

t0wftpm;vnf; r&Sd? aiGaMu;uvnf; ckESpf&mESihfawmh uRefawmf

jynfrSm aysm fraecsifawmh/ uRefawmh faMumih f e,fcHvlrsm;

'ku©rsm;rSmukd tm;emvSygonf/ ukdrsKd;rif;wkdYtzGJU &efukefjyefoGm;NyD[k

uRefawmf wpfxpfcs,lqvdkufonf/

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xkdYaMumihf uRefawmf jynfrS um;c 300 usyf tukefcHum

&efukefokdY jyef&onf/ wpfaeukef &SmazG&? pdwfarm&ESihf&Sdojzihf

yifyef;aeonhfwkdif uRefawmfum;ay:rSm rikdif? bmudkrSef;rod

a'gojzpfae&onf/ oGm;csif&onfh jynf? vkdufcsifvdkuf&onhf

jynf? tcka&mufawmhvnf; arQmfvihfxm;orQ bmrS rjzpfvmcJh&/

tm;r&jcif;? rauseyfjcif;ESih f a'goonfvdkbwfrjynhfaom

uRefawmhfpdwfxJrSm [kdckef'Dckef &SdaeMuonf/ uRefawmhf 'ku©

b,frQBuD;oenf;/

um;ESihf qkdufum;eHygwfa&;&aom? rdef;rESpfa,muf? uav;

ajcmufa,muf&Sdaom udkwkd;BuD;u aeYv,f xrif;auR;ojzihfom

uRefawmhftdwfxJrSm aiG;av;&mausmf usefonf/ rnfokdYyifjzpfap

uRefawmftm;i,fonf/ 'ku© 'ku©[k nnf;aerdonf/

jywif;aygufjrifuGif;rSm arSmif&dyfpdkYvm\/ uRefawmfjrifae&

ao;aom wJtdrfuav;awGxJrSmvnf; 'ku©qkdwm &S drnf[k

uRefawmf zswfceJ awG;rdonf/ tck uRefawmfwkdY pD;vmaom

um;xJu vlawGqDrSma&m? &efukefrSm tazaq;½Hkwifxm;ojzihf

aq;½ H koGm;ol? r de f ;rE Si h f &e f jzp fumxGufvmol? armi fu

axmifusaeívdkufawGUol? orD;a,musfm;aemuf vkdufajy;í &efukef

okdY vkdufol ponfjzihf &SdEkdifonf/ 'DvkdawG;rdawmh tm;i,fpdwf

aysmufumoGm;onf/

vufyHwef;a&mufvQif xrif;pm;rnf/ apmfbGm;BuD;ukef;rS

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190 »Ü«¼µúÖ


tdrftxd um;iSm;jyefum tdrfusrS um;cukd ay;awmhrnf[k

awG;um auseyfpjyKvm\/

xdktcsdefwGif um;u wtdtdjzihf &yfumoGm;onf/

um;a&SUwHcg;yGihfumoGm;ojzihf uRefawmfiJhum Munhf&onf/

uRefawmfu um;armif;q&maemuf uyfvsuf a&SUqHk;cHkukd &xm;

jcif;jzpfonf/ xkdcHkrSm wpfa,mufwnf;xkdifcHkjzpfojzihf um;wHcg;ukd

iJhum Munhf&onf/

wHcg;rS touf(50)t&G,f tbGm;BuD;wpfa,mufESih f

q,fE Sp ft&G,f& S d uav;wpfa,mufwk d Y wufvmMuonf/

py,f,m\ ae&mcsxm;rIaMumihf olwkdYESpfa,mufu uRefawmhf

eHab;em;odkY a&mufvmMuonf/ a&mufa&mufvmcsif; olYvufxJrSm

rEkdifhwEkdifqGJxm;aom tdwfBuD;ukd ypfumcsonf/ xkdtdwfaMumihf

uRefawmf oufaomihfoufum xkdifae&aom vGwfvyfrIysufum

oGm;onf/

ajcaxmufukd tay:wifum auG;auG;uav; jzpfoGm;\/

vlu ao;auG;av;awmh tdwf\ ae&mu uRefawmhf vpf[mrI

ae&mtm;vHk;ukd ,loGm;onf/

]]vlav; &&JUvm;}}

xdktar;pum;u awmfawmf jyefajzzk d Y cufygonf/

uRefawmhfyHkpH ajymif;oGm;wmukd tbGm;BuD; &dyfrd[efwl\/ odkYaomf

olwkdYrSmvnf; ae&mur&? &Sdonfhae&mykduav;rSm uyfí xkdifMu

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&onf/ uav;ti,fuav;u tv,fwef;ukd ukdifum Murf;jyifrSm

xkdifae&jcif;jzpfonf/

]]&ygw,f tbGm;? &ygw,f? xm;yg}}

trSefqkdvQif uRefawmf xay;vkdufzdkYyif aumif;ygonf/

odkYaomf &efukefbwfpfum;qkdvQif udpör&Sd/ tckum;u c&D;a0;um;?

&efukefodkY av;em&DcGJausmfausmf armif;&OD;rnf/

]]vlav;u &efukefuvm;}}

½kwfw&uf tar;aMumih f uRefawmf enf;enf;awmh

aMumiftrf;um oGm;\/ &efukeftxd r[kwfbl;qkdvQif uRefawmhf

ae&mukd arQmfvihfwmvm;[kvnf; wpfqufwnf; awG;rdonf/

]][kwfw,f tbGm;? uRefawmf &efukeftxdyg}}

]]&efukefuqkd&if...}}

tbGm;BuD;u bmrS qufrajymawmhbJ olYacR;cHtdwfukd

EIdufonf/ eHab;rS (10) ESpft&G,f uav;ti,fuav;uvnf;

jyL;aMumifMunfvifaom rsufvHk;uav;jzifh uRefawmhfukd armhum

Munhf\/ tbGm;BuD; bmukd &nf&G,fonfqkdwm uRefawmfrod/

odkYaomf tbGm;BuD;vufxJrSm pm&GuftEGrf;uav; wpf&Gufygonf/

]]om;&,f? &efukefuqkd&if 'Dvdyfpmukd odrvm; rodbl;}}

uRefawmf Avmpm&Guf tEGrf;uav;ukd ,lMunhfawmh

opöm'Dyuausmif;? &efuke fNr dK U[k qk daom pum;vHk;rsm;uk d

awGU&onf/ uRefawmf tajz&Smr&/

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192 »Ü«¼µúÖ


]]tbGm; opöm'Dyuausmif;qkdwmeJY r&bl;av? b,f

NrdKUe,f? b,f&yfuGufovJ}}

]]tbGm;vnf; rodygbl;uG,f? tJ'Dvkd a&;ay;oGm;wmyJ?

opöm'Dyuausmif;av? om;rodbl;vm;}}

uRefawm f awmfawm fpdwfnpfoGm;\/ &efuke f Nr d K Ur Sm

opöm'Dyuausmif;qkdwm uRefawmf b,fvkdñTe f&rvJ? olwk dY

txkyfaMumihf usyfaeaom uRefawmfhcEmukd,fukd jyif&if; olwdkYukd

vSrf;tuJcwfawmh t0wftpm;EGrf;EGrf;? qif;&Jyifyef;rIu rsufESmeJY

rsufvHk;awGrSm txif;om;/ xkdae&mukd OD;wnfum oGm;Murnhf

ta&;ukd awG;um oufjyif;ukd csrdonf/

]]&efukefrSm rvG,fbl;tbGm;? ausmif;wkdufawGu trsm;

BuD;? NrdKUe,fawGuvnf; trsm;BuD;? 'Dvdyfpmu rjynhfpHkbl;?

b,fae&meJY eD;w,fvkdY ajymovJ}}

tbGm;BuD;rsufvHk;u apGUceJ a0humoGm;\/ ½kyf&SifrSm

qkdvQifawmh xkdrsufvHk;awGukd Æ±±³ ·² um Ú´¿¸ ¾¿½µ jyef&rnf

xifonf/ odkYaomf uRefawmfjzpfaewmu ½kyf&Sifr[kwf/ vwfvwf

qwfqwfBuD;/ um;wpfpD;ay:rSm jzpfonf/ tbGm;BuD; awmfawmf

pOf;pm;um ajzonf/

]]aps;eJY eD;w,fwJh}}

]]bmaps;vJ tbGm;}}

'Dwpfcgawmh rsufvHk;awGvnf; vGihfumapGUroGm;yg/ cP

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NidrfNyD; acgif;ukdom ,rf;onf/

]]rodbl; aps;eJY eD;owJh}}

uRefawmfvnf; bmpum;rS jyefrajymEkdif/ aps;eJY eD;owJh/

odkY taz &efukefqkdaom vdyfpmxuf qkd;NyDxifonf/

]]tbGm; &efukefNrdKUrSm aps;u wpfoef;avmuf&Sdw,fav}}

uRefawmf aighajymum pm&Gufjyefay;&if; cE¨mudk,fukd

ae&majymif;&onf/ olwdkYvnf; rMunhfawmh/ uRefawmf ulnD

vkdufrnfqkdaom pdwfonf olYra&&mjcif;xJrSm aysmufoGm;NyD

jzpfonf/ odkYaomf...

]][kwfygw,fuG,f/ tbGm;wkdYuvnf; tpu tJ'Dukd

vmwm r[kwfygbl;? 'DrSm tvkyfvkyfaewJh tbGm;wl tif*sifeD,mu

pmvSrf;a&;vdkY vmwmyg? 'Da&mufawmh olu r&Sdawmhbl;wJh?

tbGm;wkdYu rtlyifu vm&wm? &efukefqkdwm rodbl;? 'DrSm

olr&Sdawmh b,fvkdvkyfrvJ? 'ku©a&mufwmaygh/ ol r&Sdawmhbl;wJh?

at;av...olu 0gacgifvuwnf;u ac:wm? tbGm;u tckrS

vmrdawmh olajymif;oGm;NyDwJh}}

uRefawmf rsufESmvTJír&/ pum;oHawGaMumihf jyefMunhf

&jyefonf/ 'DrSm tvkyfvkyfaewJh...qkdwm olwkdYwufvmaomae&m

teD;w0kdufjzpf&rnf/ b,fae&mvJ uRefawmfrod/ tbGm;BuD;onf

yxrvdyfpm vGJoGm;ojzih f uRefawmh fukd 'kwd,vdyfpmjywm

uRefawmf em;vnfonf/

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194 »Ü«¼µúÖ


]]aiGuvnf; &Sdawmhwm r[kwfbl;? 'Dvdyfpmu &efukefu

tbGm;wlr oDv&Sif0wfaewJh ausmif;ukd ay;xm;wm? rawGU&if

awmh...}}

pum;oHwdwfoGm;\/ um;u tvkdwBuD;tm;tiftjynhf

armif;ESifaeoHukdvnf; Mum;&avonf/ oGm;NyD/ uRefawmfh tm½HkawG

vGih fuke f\/ {&m0wDwk di f; rtlyifqkdaomNrdK U (tvG,fwul

ajymwmvnf;jzpfrnf/ olaeaomae&monf rtlyifxufvnf;

a0;Ekdif\) uav;rS &efukef? &efukefrS jynfvrf;&Sd vSrf;ac:aom

wlxHod k Y tm;ud k;wBuD;vmcJ haom tbGm;BuD;wpfa,mufeJ Y

(10) ESpft&G,f uav;rav;wpfa,muf? wlu r&S dawmh/

'kwd,tm;xm;Muonhf &efukefvdyfpmu raocsm/ yxrukd tm;jyK

um aocsmxm;cJhMuojzihf olwdkYa&mufcJhNyD/ odkYaomf olwdkYvlu

r&Sd/ 'kwd,vdyfpmqdkonfu vkdvkdr,fr,fqGJvmMu[efwlonf/

pm&GuftEGrf;uav;ESihf rjynhfpHkaom vdyfpm/ xkdvdyfpmtwkdif;om

&SmvQif wpfv? ESpfv&Smvnf; awGUrnfr[kwf/ aiGuvnf;

r&Sdawmh[kqkdonf/ olwkdY bmqufvkyfMurnfenf;/ b,fvkd

c&D;qufMurnfenf;/

uRefawmfawG;&if; armum vmonf/

]]tbGm;u tck wlrqDukd bmvmvkyfwmvJ}}

]]ajr;uav; vmydkYwmyguG,f? 'Duav;yg? tckawmh

tm;vHk;vGJaygh}}

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]]tbGm;wl b,fajymif;w,fvkdY [kduajymvkdufovJ}}

]]olu tvkyfjyKwfoGm;wmwJh}}

NyD;NyD/ uRefawmhf&ifxJ armumoGm;\/ tajctaeukd [kd

uwnf;u odcJh[efwlaom uav;rav;\ Munfavmif jyL;puf

aeaom rsufvHk;ukd? aMumuf&GHUxdwfvefYaeaom rsufvHk;tMunhfukd

uRefawmf vTJz,fum oufjyif;cs&onf/

]]tbGm; &efukefrSm tJ'Dvdyfpm&SmzkdY rvG,fbl;? bmqufvkyf

rSmvJ}}

]]odawmhygbl;uG,f? rodbl;? wdkYuHukdu qkd;ygw,f?

ajr;av; olYukd tbGm;&efukefrSm rxm;cJhvkdYvnf; r&bl;? olYukd

[kdrSm xm;r&vdkY ydkY&wm? 'Dvdyfpm&SmNyD; awmif;&rf;NyD;awmhyJ...}}

uRefawmhfurÇmonf wdwfíwdwfíoGm;\/

uRefawmf a&epfolvdk rGef;usyfrGe f;usyfí vmonf/

ae&musOf;usOf;uav;rSm uRefawmf aysmhacGum oGm;\/ uRefawmf

rpOf;pm;rdatmif pepfwus qkd;0g;aom b0awG &Sdygao;ovm;/

olwkdYukdusawmh b,fewfa'0umu vkdufaemufaewmwJhvJ/

uRefawmf tdwfukd prf;rdonf/ uRefawmfrSm aiGav;&meD;yg;

&Sdao;onf/ jyefp&mtdrf&Sdonf/ xkdaiGav;&mjzihf vufyHwef;rSm

xrif;pm;um tdrfukd um;iSm;? tdrfusrS ykdufqHay;/ xkdtjzpfukd

uRefawmftm;i,fonf/ 0rf;enf;onf/ aMuuGJum b0ysufonf[k

cHpm;aeonf/

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196 »Ü«¼µúÖ


,ck olwkdYrSm oGm;p&mr&Sd/ pm;p&m r&Sd/ wpfOD;wnf;vnf;

r[kwf/ rsufvHk;MunfavmifjyL;pufaewJhuav;/ uRefawmhf tdwfukd

jyefprf;onf/ 'Dreufu uRefawmf rkefY[if;cg; pm;cJhonf/ aeYv,f

u udkwkd;BuD;u xrif;auR;onf/ vufyHwef;ukd (9) em&DcGJavmufrSm

a&mufrnf/ uRefawmf AkdufqmaerSm aocsm\/ okdYaomf bmjzpfao;

oenf;/ uRefawmf iwfvSwpfeyfaygh/ tdrfukd (12) em&DrSm a&mufvQif

rdef;ru xrif;cl;ay;rSm aocsmaeonf/

uRefawmftdwfukd prf;Munhfrdjyefonf/ iJhMunhfawmh tbGm;tkd

u Nidrfum ikdifae\/

r[kwfbl;? 'g[m NidrfNyD;ikdifaewm r[kwfbl;? rkd;pufvkd

olYcE¨mukd,fay: usvmwJh qif;&J'ku©jrm;awGukd ckcHaewmav/

avmu"H&Spfyg;&JU urf;yg;awG tvTm;vkduf? tvTm;vkduf NydKus

aewmukd cHae&wm/ wGefUauG;rGJajcmufaewJh olYta&jym;awG

cHEkdif&nf&SdvScsnf&JU/ &Da0zsmhusaewJh rsufcGHwGJwGJxJu olYrsufvHk;awG

t"dyÜm,fjynhfjynhf00&SdvScsnf&JU/ igxrif;cPrpm;&wm bmjzpfovJ/

uRefawmf tdwfukd prf;rdjyefonf/

xkdtcsdefwGif um;oHtjyif wa0ga0g qlnHoHukd azsmhazsmh

Mum;&\/ odkYaomf xkdtoHaMumihf tbGm;tkd\ ikHYaeaom rsufESmu

armhumoGm;\/ uRefawmfwdkY pD;vmaom Û¨°®» um;\ ÌÊ

rsufESmjyifay:rSm trIeftpufawG wkefcgaeMuonf/ ÌÊ ukdzGihfNyD;

tacGukd Ð´¿§rESdyf&ao;cif wkefcgrIjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwkdY pD;vmaom

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um;onf jynf-&efukef toGm;tjyef 'Dvkdyif AD'D,kd wpfum;

avmufawmh jywwfygonf/

uRefawmfMunhfaepOfyif ÌÊ zefom;jyifrSm Ì®¿½µ·²¹

rnDao;aom wkefcgaeonhf t&dyfrsm; ay:vmonf/ xkdt&dyfrsm;

onf a&SUqHk;rS armhMunfhaeaom tbGm;tkd\ rsufESmay:rSm tpdrf;

teD [yfaeMu\/ eHab;rS uav;av;uvnf; tHhMoum armhí

Munhfonf/ um;ay:rSm ysif;&dpGm tdyfae? idkifaeaom c&D;onfawG

vnf; a&aomuf? taetxm;jyifum ÌÊ rsufESmjyifukd MunhfMu

onf/ uRefawmf tdwfxJrSm aiG&SdorQukd xkwfum vufxJrSm

ukdifxm;&if; tbGm;tdkrsufESmukd Munhfonf/ odkYaomf ÌÊ udk

armhMunhfaeaom rsufESmu uRefawmhfbufokdY vSnhfrvm/

cPtMumwGif ÌÊ ay:rSm t½kyfawG ay:vm\/ Ì®¿½µó

·²¹ NidrfumoGm;NyD; um;u jrefrmum;jzpf\/ aroef;Ek? td EausmfZif?

ckdifoif;Munf? rsKd;oD&dausmf? {&m? ausmfxl;? cifvIdif? ukokdvf?

*Grf;yHk?...tp&SdolwkdYygaom r...qkdonhf um;wpfum;jzpfonf/

armf',fr? csmwdwfr? armfwmr? {&mr ponhf rawGygaom

um;wpfum;om jzpf\/ (xkdum;\ emrnfukd uRefawmf rod

vkdufyg)

uRefawmf ykdufqHrsm;ukd qkyfukdifxm;csdefwGif tbGm;BuD;ESihf

uav;xHrS tm;&yg;&&,foHrsm;xGufvmMu\/ ...zefom;jyifukd

Munhfum armhum olwk d Y&,faeMuonf/ &,fonfrSm um;

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198 »Ü«¼µúÖ


wpfum;vHk;wGif olwdkYajr;tbGm;&,foHu tqkd;qHk;? tus,fqHk;om

jzpfonf/ tbGm;BuD;u &,f&if;xGufvmaom rsuf&nfukdokwfum

xyf&,fonf/ ajr;uav;u ukdifxm;aom vufwef; jyKwfoGm;

ojzihf yufvufvefum us\/ tbGm;tkdu qGJxlum tajr;tbGm;

ESpfa,muf &,fMujyefonf/ uRefawmhfbufukdum; rvSnfhawmh/

csKdwul;ESihf *kPf&nfrwlukd uRefawmf 1982-ckESpfu

ukd;wef;wGif oifcJh&zl;ygonf/

vufyHwef;rSm uRefawmf tonf;tjrpf[if;ESihf xrif;pm;

ygonf/ olwkdYajr;tbGm;udkrl rawGU&/ odkYaomf qmaeojzihf

uRefawmfvnf; owdr&awmh/ vef'efESpfvdyfukd q,hfig;usyfjzihf

0,fum wpfvdyfzGm½IdufNyD;csdefrS uRefawmf owd&aMumif; 0efcHygonf/

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214 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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218 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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220 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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224 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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236 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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oabmjzihf tdrfuav;xJrSm Nidrfíaeavonf/

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udkatmifu pkd;&drfxdwfvefYaom rsufESmjzihf arvJhrdk;ukd

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tMunhfjzihf olrukd Munhfonf/ arvJhrkd;uawmh ukdatmihfukdom

pkdufMunhfaecJ honf/ olrvk dcsifaom cHpm;rIonf ud katmihf

rsuf0ef;xJrSm yxr r&Sd/ tcsdeftenf;i,fMumoGm;awmh xkdcHpm;rI

onf olr pkdufMunhfaeaom rsuf0ef;xJwGif wpdrfhpdrfh qefwuf

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ywfwD;prsm;rMum;rS wkdxGufaeaom iHk;wdwd vufacsmif;

uav;rsm;u ajcaxmufa&SUwGif vJusaeaom udkatmihfezl;ay:odkY

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arvJhrkd; yg;jyifay:odkY rsuf&nfrsm; vdrhfusvm\/

arvJhrdk; a&G;cs,frIonf NyD;jynhfpHkaom a&G;cs,frI? arvJhrkd;

ay;cJhaom vufaqmifonf udkatmihfarG;aeYyGJtwGuf toefYpif

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nae&Daea&mifjcnfonf jynfom,mvrf;uav;ay:odk Y

vif;vufjzmusaeum vrf;eHab;wGif&Sdonhf ydawmufyifrsm;?

ikyef;yifrsm;? o&ufyifrsm;ESihf tkef;yiftzsm;rsm;wGif awmufy

0if;0gaeonfuk d uRefawmfai;armaerdygonf/ jynfom,m

vrf;uav;onf ajyajyuav;wufvmaom ukef;uav;jzpfonf/

xkdukef;uav;\ eHab;wGif uRefawmfwkdY tdrfuav;&Sdonf/

tm;vyfonhf naeqkdvQif uRefawmfonf tdrfuav;\

ta&SUwHcg;0wGif xkdifum tckvkdyif jynfom,mvrf;uav;ukd

ai;armavh&Sdygonf/ ukef;tqif;wGif cyfoGufoGuf ajy;qif;

oGm;avh&Sdaom pufbD;rsm;? qkdufum;rsm;ESihf um;rsm;ukdawGU&NyD;

ukef;twufwGif yifyef;BuD;pGm BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIjzihf eif;wuf

vm&aom qkdufum;rsm;? pufbD;rsm;ukd awGU&avh&Sdonf/ um;rsm;

onfyifvQif ukef;twufwGif tif*sifpufukd tm;ukefn§pfum

wtdtdav;av;BuD; wufvm&wwfonf/ tcsKdUtoufBuD;olrsm;

eif;onhf qkdufum;rsm;onf qufrwufEkdifawmhojzihf qif;wGef;

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242 »Ü«¼µúÖ


aeYpOf ai;armavh&Sdygonf/

vrf;eHab; opf&Gufrsm;ay:rS aea&mifjcnfonf 0if;0g

vif;vufae&mrS teDa&miforf;vmvQif jynfom,mvrf;uav;

ay:rSm vlawG ykdrsm;vmwwfonf/ ½Hk;tjyef pma&;ruav;awG?

naeaps;jyef rdef;rBuD;awG? ausmif;olausmif;om;awG? uRefawmf

rodonhfae&mrS jyefvmNyD; uRefawmf rodonhfae&mrsm;odkY oGm;ae

MuolawGukd uRefawmf ai;armaerdwwfonf/ teD&dyforf;aeMu

aom aea&mifjcnfxJwGif olwk d Yr sufESmawGu ndK;EGr f;um

yifyef;jcif;? xHkrIdif;jcif;wkdYukd txif;om; jrif&onf/ nae&D

avnif;aMumihf a0gceJ qif;csoGm;aom um;t&S defaMumih f

olwkdYqHyifawG wzsyfzsyf 0JvGihfoGm;wwfMuaomfvnf; olwkdYu

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tvif;a&mif ndKU&nf&dyfESihf olwkdY\ av;vH xkdif;rIdif;aeaom

yifyef;rIwkdY\ vkdufzufnDrIukd uRefawmfoabmuspGm ai;arm

wwfygonf/

tckvnf; jynfom,mvrf;ray:rSm vlawGrsm;pjyKvmonf/

qkdufum;bJvfoHawG qlnHvmwwfonf/ aea&mifjcnfu teDa&mif

,Jh,JhjzpfvdkYvmonfukd uRefawmf ai;armaerdygonf/ ai;armae&if;

u uRefawmhf&ifxJukd todwpfcku ckef0ifvmonf/ uRefawmf

a,mif,rf;NyD; wHcg;tcif; ydwfaygifukdvufjzihf zrf;qkyfukdifxm;

rdvkdufonf/ uRefawmhf&ifonf csufcsif;av;vH xkdif;rIdif;um

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0rf;enf;vmcJ honf/ uRefawmf ESpf NcdKufoabmusaom þ

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jzpfygonf/

uRefawmh ftaru arG;uwnf;u onftdrfuav;rSm

aecJhjcif;omjzpfygonf/ uRefawmfhtouf ESpfq,fh&SpfESpftxd

uRefawmf tJ'Dtdrfav;rSm aecJhonf/ tckawmh uRefawmfwkdY

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NyD;vQif uRefawmfwk d Y 'Dtdrfuav;rS ajymif;a&TU&awmhrnf/

a[m'Djynfom,m vrf;uav;ukd uRefawmftckae&mu xkdifai;cGihf

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t&dyfwdkYukd uRefawmf xm;cJh&awmhrnf/ 0rf;enf;rIonf uRefawmhf

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r&Sdawmh/

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t&ifu xdawGUaeus zGJUpnf;yHk r[kwfawmhacs/ bk&m;pifu

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pmtkyfpifonfvnf; r&Sdawmh/ {nhfcef;rsufESmpmwGif csdwfxm;onhf

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r&Sdawmh/ (xkdae&mwGif tjzLa&mifuGufvyfBuD; jzpfaeonf)

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244 »Ü«¼µúÖ


t&ifuvkd BudK;wef;ay:rSm tusÐwGJavmif;rsm; r&Sdawmh/ BudK;wef;yif

r&Sdawmhojzihf tdrfaemufaz;odkY wef;jrifae&onf/ tdrfaemuf

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rjrif&Ekdifaom ,cif xm;&Sdonhfae&mrsm;rS ypönf;rsm;vnf;

xkdae&mrSm r&SdMuawmh qkdwmukd uRefawmfodaeonf/

ypönf;rsm;tm;vHk;ukd pkyHkxkyfykd;um uRefawmfwkdY odrf;qnf;

NyD ;ojzih f uRefawm fwk d Y tdr fuav;onf uGufvyfwk d Y jzih f

jynhfESufaeaom ae&mBuD;wpfckjzpfvdkYaeonf/ xkduGufvyfrsm;ukd

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uRefawmf xkd uGufvyfrsm;xHrS rsufESmvTJvkdufrdonf/

uRefawmf a,mif,rf;NyD; qkyfuk difxm;rdaom wHcg;

aygiftydwfuav;ukd uRefawmfai;aerdonf/ uRefawmfwkdY rdom;pk

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tawGU0um acsmrGwfaeonf/ opfom;uGufuav;rsm;u ay:vpf

wkdufxm;ovkd jzpfaeonf/ za,mif;pufuav;rsm; tpGef;txif;

rsm;udkvnf; awGU&onf/ odkYaomf xkdopfom;aygif tydwfuav;rSm

uRefawmfESihf &if;ESD;aeonf/ uRefawmfESihf ESpfq,hf&SpfESpfwdwd

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ukd,f&dyfukd,faiGUukd xkdae&muav;wpfuGufrSmyif uRefawmf

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ukwfzJhcJhonf/ ajccseif;jzwfoef;cJhonf/ xkdae&muav;ukd ukdifwG,f

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xdawGU&onfrSm uRefawmhfcE¨mukd,f ajcvufwkdYukd udk,fwG,f

ae&ovkdyifjzpfaeonf/

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uRefawmfwkdY oGm;a&mufwkdufcRwfaq;aMumMuonf/ xkdtdrfukd

uRefawmf 'kwd,tBudrf a&mufzl;jcif;omjzpfygonf/ xkdtdrfu

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aeonf[k uRefawmfcHpm;&onf/ xdawGU&onf h ae&mwkdi f;

ae&mwkdi f;onf uRefawmfESih f olpdrf;qefaeonf/ t&mwk dif;

t&mwk di f;onf uRefawmfESih f tuRr f;w0ifraebJ r&Jw&J

jzpfaecJhonf/ xkdtdrfxJrSm vrf;avQmuf&onfuyif xl;qef;aeí

aeonf/ uRefawmfwkdYtdrfxJrSm vrf;avQmuf&ovkd owdvufvGwfum

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rod/ xkdtdrftwGif;rS qihftqif;twufrsm;rSm uRefawmhftdrfuvkd

tuGmta0;r[kwfojzihf qif;wkdif; wufwkdif; pdwfxJrSm wpfpHk

wpfckukd aqmif&Gufae&ovkd jzpfaeonf/ 'g igwkdY&JU tdrfjzpfvmr,hf

tdrf[k uRefawmhfpdwfxJrSm tBudrfBudrfodaecJhonfhwkdif xkdtdrfonf

uRefawmfESihf &if;ESD;rvmcJhacs/ olpdrf;w&HqH jzpfvdkYaeygonf/

tdrf...tdrf...qkdonhf pum;ukd ajymcJhwkdif; odkYr[kwf

Mum;vkduf&wkdif; uRefawmfonf uRefawmhftdrfuav;ukdom jrifcJh

onf/ pdwfxJu od&SdcJhonf/ ,cktdrfqkdonhfpum;ukd ajym&

Mum;&onhftcgwGif uRefawmfonf ,cifutwkdif;yif uRefawmhf

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246 »Ü«¼µúÖ


tdrfuav;ukdom pdwfxJu jrifcsif?odcsifaecJhonf/ odk Yaomf

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tdrfuav;onf oHk;pGJxdawGU&wm r0Hhr&JjzpfaecJhonf/ uRefawmfwkdY

xyf&rnhftdrftopfukdum; uRefawmf b,fvkdrS pdwfxJrSm oHk;pGJcHpm;zkdY

xnhfxm;í r&/ rodpdwfwGifa&m? odpdwfwGifyg xkdtdrfonf

uRefawmfESihf wu,hfolpdrf;jzpfíaeonf/

tdrf qkdonfrSm vlwpfa,muftwGuf ntdyf½Hk? em;ae

ckdvIHEkdif½Hk? &moDOwk'gPfukd tumtuG,fay;Ekdif½Hk? vma&muf

qufoG,fawGUqHkEkdif½Hkae&mqkdonhf owfrSwfcsufrsm; tjyif pGJvrf;rI?

pdwfauseyfESpfodrfhEkdifrI? vGwfvyf&if;ESD;rI? aEG;axG;Nidrf;csrf;rIqkdonfh

wdwdyy qkyfukdif rjyEkdifaom pdwf\ cHpm;rIrsm; ygçyg0ifaeonfukd

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jzpfonf/

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rSmyif uRefawmf pmawGa&;cJhonf/ ausmif;pmawG usufcJhonf/

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uRefawmfrsm;pGm pOf;pm;pdwful;wnfaqmufcJhonf/ uRefawmhf

cspfolESihf vufxyf&onf/ uav;awGvnf; &rnf/ tarESihf

tazonf aysmf&TifaeMuonf/ uRefawmfwkdYxrif;0kdif;rSm aysmfp&m

aumif;onf/ 'grSr[kwf uRefawmhfcspfolu rkef;oGm;onf/ uRefawmf

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pdwfqif;&J rGef;usyfae&onf/ uRefawmfqif;&JrGJawoGm;onf/

uRefawm f touf& G,fBuD;um tk drif;vmonf/ rnfod k Yyif

uRefawmhfpdwful;awG? pOf;pm;rIawG ajymif;vJoGm;onfjzpfap

uRefawmhftdrfuav;xJwGifom jzpfonf/ uRefawmhftdrfuav;ESihf

twlomjzpfonf/ xkdokd Y pdwful;pOfu tdrfuav;qkdonfrSm

tawG;xJwGif vHk;0ryg/ xnfhawG;p&m rvkdonhftcsufwpfckom

jzpfonf/ uRefawmhf ajymif;vJrIwpfcktwGuf ta&;rygvSaom

aemufcHuif;Awf(pf)p wpfckomjzpfonf/

odkYaomf tckawmh 'Dvkdr[kwfawmh/ uRefawmf\ tem*wf

udk aemif&vmrnhf aeY&ufawGukd pOf;pm;onhftcgwGif tdrftopfESihf

qufpyfawG;ír&/ awG;MunhfvkdufrdvQif pdwfxJrSm vkdufzuf

tHusjcif; jzpfrvmacs/ uRefawmhftdrfuav;ESihftwl pdwful;,Of

pOfu xkdtaMumif;rsm;onf wu,fjzpfvmovkd uRefawmh f

pdwfxJwGif zswfceJzswfceJ ay:vmMuonf/ xkday:vmaom

pdwful;jrifuGif;rsm;ukd uRefawmf &if;ESD;pGm tao;pdwfjrifaecJh&onf/

tdrftopfESihf pdwful;vQif xdktawG;rsm;rSm wu,fhpdwful;jzpfaeum

uRefawmfESihf rywfoufovkd tjcm;wpfckckjzpfaeovkdvkdyif/

xk dtcsuf\ ajymi f;vJrIr Sm p dwful;awG;xif&mwGi f vH k ;0

yg0ifjcif;r&SdcJhonhf tdrfuav;aMumihf[k uRefawmftck taotcsm

yif odcJh&ygonf/

igharG;&yf ightdrfrSmyJ acgif;jyefcsr,fqkdonhf pum;rsKd;ukd

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248 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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vmEk di fonf/ uRefawmh ftbGm;onf aq;½H kwifxm;&onf/

q&m0efrsm;u vufavQmhvkdufonfhtcgwGif igao&awmhrSm r[kwf

vm;? 'gqkd ighukd tdrfjyefykdYay;Mu[k awmif;qkdcJhzl;onf/ q&m0efrsm;

tqkdt& wpf&uf? ESpf&ufyif cHrnfqkdaom tbGm;onf tdrfwGif

q,fh&Spf&ufwdwd touf&SifaeEkdifcJhonf/

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ukd,fESihfr&if;ESD;aom tjrif? tawGU? toH? t&dyf? taetxkdif

rsm;Mum;wGif wnf&Sdae&onfrSm b,favmufolpdrf;wpf&HqHonfh

tm;i,frIrsK d;vJ qk dwmukd uRefawmf oabmaygufvmonf/

aojcif;w&m;qkdonhf &GH UaMumufp&m pdwfcHpm;rIBuD;ay:wGif

a'opdrf;? ae&mpdrf;\ teHYtoufawGUxd cHpm;rIBuD;u av;yif

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onf touf&SifcGihf&onhf aemufqHk;tcsdefESihf aojcif;w&m;\

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&nf&G,fcsufjzifh vlaygif;rsm;pGmonf rdrdwkdY ESpfumv&SnfMumpGm

aexkdifvmcJhMuaom arG;&yftdrfrsm;ukd pGefYcGmcJh&onf/ tpGefYcGm

cHvk duf&olawGvnf; &S donf/ arG;&yfa'orsm;? olwkd Y&if;ES D;

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uRrf;0ifcJhaom ywf0ef;usifrsm;? olwdkY tdrfuav;rsm;onf olwkdYESihf

b,fawmhrS jyefvnfqHkawGUcGihfr&Sdaom ta0;wGif wdwfqdwf

0rf;enf;zG,f usefcJhMuonf/

xkdajymif;vJrI\ Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;onf [kdrSonfrS ay:vm

Muonf/ uRefawmfwkdY tdrfa&SUvrf;rrS tdrftoHk;taqmifypönf;rsm;ukd

wifxm;aom avmf&Dum;BuD;rsm; wa0ga0gjzwfarmif;oGm;onfukd

uRefawmf ai;armcJhzl;onf/ xkdYaemuf pGefYcGmrIonf uRefawmfwdkY

jynfom,mvrf;uav;ay:odkY a&mufvmcJhonf/ uRefawmfwkdYESihf

&if;ESD;olrsm; ajymif;a&TUoGm;Muonf/ xkdae&mwGif oHwHcg; ckdifckdifjzihf

t0ga&mif? tjzLa&mif wkduftdrfBuD;rS rD;a&mifawG a&mufvmMu

onf/ nqkdvQif arSmifrnf;wdwfqdwfum Nidrfoufaewwfaom

uRefawmfwkdY vrf;ruav;rSm xkd wkduftdrfBuD;rsm;jzihf vif;vuf

vmonf/ oHk;ESpftwGif; uRefawmfwkdY jynfom,m vrf;uav;

eHab;rSm tjzLa&mif? t0ga&mif rIdyGifhBuD;awG bGm;ceJ ay:vmcJhMu

onf/ um;tjzLav;awG a&mufvmcJhonf/ puwftwkd? aeum

rsufrSefESihf cyfwif;wif;rsufESmawG a&mufvmMuonf/ xkdae&mrS

ajymif;a&TUoGm;onhf uRefawmfwkdYrdwfaqGrsm;ukdawmh jyefrawGU&awmh/

xkdae&mrsm;rSmvnf; t&ifvkd opfom;tdrfESihf 'efYovGefyif&dyfwkdY

r[kwfMuawmh/ uRefawmfwkdY tdrfuav;ESihf tjcm;oHk;av;tdrfom

rIefukyfukyf rnf;arSmifonhf opfom;tdrfuav;rsm;tjzpf usefcJhMu

onf/

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250 »Ü«¼µúÖ


tckawmh xkdNcdrf;ajcmufrIonf uRefawmfwkdY tdrfuav;

xJodkY a&mufvmum tdrfuav;xJwGif uRefawmfwkdY wpfrdom;pkvHk;

ukd rmefzD[def;a[mufaeayNyD/

arG;&yfZmwdukd uRefawmfwkdY jrefrmvlrsKd;awG cspfMuonf/

usKyfu b,fZmwdAs[k *kPf,lpGm? jrwfEkd;pGmajymwwfMuonf/

pma&;onhftcg? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfonhftcg? oDcsif;qkdonhftcg

arG;&yfZmwdukd uavmifemrnf? qkdifemrnf? tqkdawmfemrnfa&SUwGif

xnfhoGif;um rdrdarG;&yfajruk d *kPfjyKwwfMuonf/ rdrdwdk Y

arG;&yfZmwdukd cspfjcif;qkdonfrSm rdrdwkdYtdrfrSm cspfjcif;rSvmonfrSm

aocsmvGef;vSonf/ xkdrSwpfqihf wkdif;jynfukd cspfjcif;txd BuD;rm;

ckdifNrJoGm;jcif; jzpfvmavonf/

arG;&yfZmwdukd cspfjcif;onf *kdPf;*PtqihfodkY ra&muf

rcsif; ESpfvkdzG,faumif;onhf jrwfEkd;p&m pdwfpGJvrf;rIyif jzpfygonf/

*kdPf;*P tqihfokdY a&mufoGm;vQifawmh xkdjrwfEkd;ESpfvkdzG,f

aumif;rIonf ysufpD;arS;rSdefoGm;wwfonf/ odkYr[kwf xkdolY&ifxJrS

xGufajy; aysmufuG,foGm;wwfonf/ xkdpdwfonf odrfarGUvGef;ojzihf

&ifxJrSm0ifaeonf? &Sdaeonfqkdjcif;ukd ½kwfw&uf rodjrifEkdifMuacs/

,ckawmh xkdp dwfonf uRefawmh f&ifxJrSm wzsyfzsyf

ckefxaeonf/ b,fae&mrSef;rodawmh olYukd csnfaESmifxm;onhf

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a&mufvmonf/ y&dabm*rsm;? ypönf;rsm;ukd ajymif;a&TUxm;ojzihf

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xGef;aeus rD;acsmif;ta&mifonf uRefawmfwdkY tdrfuav;xJrSm

ykdívif;vufumaeonf/ t&ifuvkd jrifaeus t&dyfawG r[kwf

awmh/

uRefawmfhrdom;pk xrif;pm;Muonf/ wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ

pum;rS rajymjzpfMu/ pum;ajym&rSm 0efav;ovdk aMumuf&GHUaeovdk

jzpfaeMuonf/ wpfOD;\ tawG;ukd wpfOD;u rodEkdifaomfvnf;

xkdtawG;rSm uRefawmhfvkdyif tdrfuav;ESihf ywfoufaernfrSmawmh

aocsmygonf/ uRefawmfwkdY tdrfuav;ukd ajymif;vJvmaom

tajctaersm;t& a&mif;zkd Y aemufqHk; qHk;jzwf&onf/ xkdtcsdef

txd tdrfuav;onf uRefawmhf&ifxJwGif &Sdaeonfukd uRefawmf

rod&ao;/

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vmMunhfMuonf/ taru wpfOD;vmMunhfvQif aps;wpfcg

wufwufí ajymonf/ aemuf xkdvlawG jyefrvmMuawmh/

aemufqHk;awmh um;tjzLav;ESihf tom;jzLjzL? touf(30)

ywf0ef;usifavmuf trsKd;orD;ESihf a,musfm;oHk;av;a,muf a&muf

vmonf/ tarajymonhf aps;u uRefawmfwkdY wpfcgrS pdwful;

r,Ofzl;onhfaps;/ xkdrdef;ru aeumrsufrSefukd cRwfonf/ aygifay:

wifxm;aom v,fomtdwfukd ab;csonf/ pum;oH0J0JESihf arhukd

&,farmum pum;ajymonf/ vkdtyfonfrsm;ukd awmif;í Munhf

onf/ tdrfay:uqif;awmh um;tem;rSm &yfum tdrfukd ywf0ef;usif

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252 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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aemufwpfBudrfvmawmh vlawGyk drsm;rsm; ygvmonf/

olwkdYrdom;pk0ifrsm; jzpfyHk&onf/ tdrfuav;xJ 0ifMunhfMuonf/

uRefawmfwkdY em;rvnfonhf bmompum;jzihf tcsif;csif; pum;

ajymMuonf/ aemufwpfywfavmuftMumwGif aps;wnhfoGm;Mu

onf/

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jrif&awmh yxrqHk;tBudrf uRefawmfaysmf&Tifum pdwfajymif;vJ

oGm;wmukd rSwfrdygonf/ xkdaiGawGukd a&wGufae&if;? a&wGuf

ae&if;u uRefawmfhtodpdwfu tdrfuav;ESihf a0;ía0;í oGm;av

onf/ olwdkY jyefoGm;Muaomtcg uRefawmhftdrfuav;ukd uRefawmf

yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf ajymif;vJoGm;onhf cHpm;rIESihfMunhfcJh&onf/

'Dtdrfuav;onf uRefawmfwkdY tdrfuav;r[kwfawmhNyD/

uRefawmf tdyfíraysm f/ 'Dtdrfuav;xJrSm uRefawmf

aecGihfonf em&Dykdif;rQom &Sdawmhonf r[kwfvm;/ jcifaxmifwGif

vrf;ab;rD;wkdifrS tvif;ESihf opf&Guft&dyfuav;rsm;u [kd[kd'D'D

,drf;EGJUaeMuonf/ nonf wdwfqdwfaeNyD; uRefawmfwkdY tdrfuav;

u Nidrfaeonf/ xkdtdrfukd uRefawmfhtaru opfawG vkduf0,fum

wpfOD;wnf;aqmufcJhonf/ xkdpOfu tazESihftar tdrfaxmif

rusMuao;/ taru wpfOD;wnf;aom orD;rkdY tdrfuav;twGuf

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vkdtyfonfwkdYukd wpfa,mufwnf; aqmif&GuffcJh&onf/ yxr

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pdwfqkd;um wkdifrsm;ukd jzwfNyD; wpfxyftdrfuav;aqmufcJhonf/

xkdudpörsm;rS tarjyefajymjycJhonf tdrfuav;jzpfwnfyHktpjzpfonf/

uRefawmhfukd taru a[m'Dtdrfuav;\ twGif;cef;rSm

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rsm;? eH&Hrsm;? trkd;rsm;? wkdifrsm;wGif xd½kdufjrKyf 0ifaeayvdrfhrnf/

uRefawmhfnDudkawmh taru umwkdvdyfrSm arG;cJhonf/ uRefawmf[m

a[m'Dtdrfom;ppf/ uRefawmf q,fwef;a&mufonhftcg ywf0ef;

usifwpfckvHk; tdyfaecsdefrSm uRefawmfxum pmusufcJhonf/

tdrfuav;uNidrfNyD; uRefawmhfudk iHkaxG;xm;cJhonf/ uRefawmhf

pmusufoHukd uRefawmf jyefMum;atmifvkyfay;onf/ ,ckxd

q,fwef;ESpfrS cHktrSwfESih f tcsdefZ,m;ukd eH&HwGif uRefawmf

a&;qJGxm;onhftwkdif;yif &Sdaeao;onf/

uRefawm f tdy f&mxJr Sxum t&if tdy fraysm fonh f

nrsm;vkdyif tdrfa&SUcef;uav;xJrSm xkdifonf/ nonf Nidrfí

aeonf/ tdrfuav;ukd tarSmifxJrSm uRefawmf avQmufai;

aerdonf/ uRefawmf ai;armrdonhf ae&mwkdif;wGif tdrfuav;\

ndK;EGrf;í toem;cHaom rsuf0ef;rsm;ukd NidrfqdwfpGm awGUae&onf/

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254 »Ü«¼µúÖ


uRefawmf 'Dae&mwGif xk di fum uAsmawGpyfcJhonf/

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uRefawmhfb0ukd uRefawmfawG;xifcJhonf/ va&mifawG uyfNid

aeonhf jywif;aygufuav;rS vSrf;jrifae&aom opf&Gufuav;

rsm;ukd ai;&if; &ifxJu ckefxGufvmMuaom pum;vHk;rsm;ukd

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aeaom Mu,fuav;ukd nwkdif;ai;armum ]vrif;\ta0;Mu,f}

[laom uAsmuav;ukd uRefawmfa&;cJhonf/

tkef;yifBuD;xJodkY vrif0ifvmonhftcg tkef;yif? tkef;

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uRefawmfoabmusai;armcJhonf/ tckawmh opf&Gufuav;ukda&m?

ckefaeonhf Mu,fwpfyGihfukda&m? vrif;ykd;aumifuav;awGudka&m?

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uRefawmf xm;&pfcJh&awmhonf/

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emusif0rf;enf;vmonf/ xkdpOfwGif usKduúqHbk&m;rS oHpHkem&DwD;oH

onf atmufwkdbmv\ ESif;rIefzGJzGJrsm; tMum;wGif jzwfoef;um

uRefawmhf&ifxJ a&mufvmonf/ wdwfqdwfonhf ESif;prsm;ESihf

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oHpHkem&D\ a&mpyfrIonf uRefawmhf&ifxJukd 0ifa&mufvmum

tenf tESpfrsm;ukd x<uaponf/ t&ifu om,mpdwf? tcsdef

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xkdem&D oHBuD;udkvnf; olwdkYukd ay;cJh&awmhrnf/

wpfpwpfp uRefawmfwkdYqHk;½IH;rIawGu ykdvkdY odomvm

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uRefawmf wHcg;0ukdzGihfum tdrfatmufukd qif;cJhonf/ vrf;rD;wkdif

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a0 hq k di f;aeMuonf/ uRe fawm f jynfom,mvrf;uav;ukd

ai;armaerdonf/

tdrfuav;bufodk Y jyefMunhfvkdufonhftcgwGif tdrf

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tdrfuav;xJrSm tdyfaysmfcJhonhf nwkdif;nwkdif; va&mifonf

tdrftrk d;ay:rSm ,ckvkdyif omaeayvdrh frnf/ tdrfuav;u

uRefawmfwkd Y rdom;pkav;a,mufpvHk;ukd olY&ifcGifxJxnhfum

tckvkdyif NidrfoufpGmaecJhayvdrhfrnf/ olYukd owdxm; Munhfai;rnhf

ol r&Sdonhfwkdif tdrfuav;onf olYrme? olYwm0efukd ausyGefpGm

xrf;aqmifaeolwpfOD;vkd jynfom,mvrf;uav;eHab;wGif

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256 »Ü«¼µúÖ


wnfMunfaecJhayvdrhfrnf/

tckawmh uRefawmfai;aeaom tdrfuav;onf ol

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zsufa>cum ,loGm;Muvdrhfrnf/

tdrfzsufoHuk d uRefawmh fem;xJrSm Mum;vmonf/ xkd

toHrsm;onf tdrfwpftdrfukd zsufonhftcg ay:xGufvmonhf

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ukefMurnf/

uRefawmf tawG;awGukd &yfypfvkdufonf/ uRefawmhf

&ifonf rcHr&yfEkdifatmif emusifvmaomaMumihfjzpfonf/ uRefawmf

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EkEkuav;rsm;aMumihf um;vrf;eHab; jrufyifrsm; at;puf pkdpGwf

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vmovkd uRefawmfhtawG;EkEkrsm;aMumihf uRefawmhf rsuf0ef;rsm;vnf;

pkdpGwfvmMuonf/

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258 »Ü«¼µúÖ


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t½kPfEkEkrSm ouFef;uRef;aps;okdY aps;oGm;a&mif;Murnfh ukefpdrf;onf

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aeaom pdwfcHpm;rItm;vHk;ukd uRefawmfwkdY a&mif;cJh&jcif;om jzpf

onf/

xkdtcsufrsm;onf pGef YcGmolwk dif; xnhfrwGufrd MubJ

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pGefYcGmay;qyfcJh&aom ZmwdarG;&yfae&m tdrfuav;ukd b,fawmhrS

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av;uefpGm Ekd;xvmMuonf/ cPMumawmh avmf&Dum;BuD;

a&mufvmonf/ uRefawmhfoli,fcsif;rsm; a&mufvmonf/ NyD;awmh

tdrfuav;xJrSm xkyfykd;pDpOfxm;onfwkdYukd um;ay:pwifMuonf/

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wpfck um;ay:a&mufoGm;wkdif; tdrfuav;u jzLa&mf jzLa&mf

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