MIXTURES A mixture is made when two or more

substances are combined, but they are not combined chemically.

General Properties of mixtures:The components of a mixture can be

easily separatedThe components each keep their

original propertiesThe proportion of the components is

variable**mixtures can be solid ,liquid or

gas**

MIXTURES

Two or more kinds of matter put together

are

solutions

separated

can be

can be

by

filtration

using sieves

using magnets

floating vs. sinking

evaporation

sorting

distillation

chromatography

one kind of material dissolves in another

made when

cannot be separated by

filtration

which

TYPES OFMIXTURES

MIXTURES

visible parts no visible parts

can havecan have

sand and water

oil and vinegar

iron and sand

SOLUTIONS

Kool-Aid®

salt and water

are called

like

like

TYPES OF MIXTURES*Heterogeneous mixtures the substances are not evenly distributed.

Example1.Chocolate chip2. Pizza 3. Rocks *Homogeneous mixtures: all the substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture

Example 1.Salt water 2. air 3. blood

Within the categories of homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, there are more specific types of mixtures:

1.Solutions2.Alloys3.Suspensions4.Colloids

SOLUTIONS (HOMOGENEOUS)

A solution is a mixture where one of the substances dissolves in the other.

The substance that dissolves is called the Solute

The substance that the solute dissolves in is called the solvent.

for example salt watersalt = SOLUTEwater = SOLVENT

* These components can be easily separated by evaporation and they each retain their original properties.*

ALLOYS ( HOMOGENEOUS)

An alloy is mixture of one or more metals with other solids.

Most alloys are solutions. They are made by heating ,melting ,

and mixing the parts together. Examples of alloys

1. steel ( is made of iron and carbon)2.bronze (is made of copper and tin)3. brass ( is made of copper and zinc)

SUSPENSIONS ( HETEROGENEOUS) A suspensions is a mixture between a liquid

and a particles of a solid. In a suspension the particles do not dissolve. A key characteristic of a suspension is that

the solid particles will settle and separate over

time if left alone. Examples:

Water and sand . When they are mixed up, the sand will disperse throughout the water. If left alone , the sand will settle to the bottom.

COLLOIDS (HETEROGENEOUS) A colloid is a mixture where very small

particles of one substance are evenly distributed throughout another substance.

They are very similar to solution, but the particles are suspended in the solution rather than fully dissolved.

Difference between colloid and a suspension is that the particles will not settle to the bottom over a period of time, they will stay suspended or float.

Example: Milk fog

Colloids

non transparent, non uniform, large particles, cloudy (milky)

but stable system

COLLOIDS

PHYSICAL METHOD TO SEPARATED MIXTURES We use physical method to separate mixture

without changing their properties or identities. Examples of physical methods for separating

mixtures: Density Magnetism (separate iron filing from nonmagnetic

material) Boiling point Melting point Filtration Sifting ( separate materials of different sizes) Evaporation Buoyancy Distillation (separates mixtures by vaporization and

condensation)