Mississauga: A Leading Canadian Bio Cluster · 2020. 9. 23. · Mississauga is home to one of Canada’s leading Bio clusters. The reason is simple ... Animal genetics and biotechnology,

Mississauga: A Leading Canadian Bio ClusterMississauga Ontario Canada

E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y 11 . S T U D Y C O N T E X T 3

A. Short History of Mississauga’s Bio Sector 3B. “Bio” Defined 3C. Data Analysis 4

2 . T H E M I S S I S S A U G A B I O I N D U S T R Y 7A. Mississauga’s Ranking In Canada 7B. American Competitive Biotech Regions 7C. Bio Cluster Growth 8D. Cluster Distribution By Number Of Employees 9E. Cluster Concentration By Districts 10F. Employment Growth 12

3 . M I S S I S S A U G A ’ S B I O E M P L O Y M E N T 13A. Bio Employment – National Trends 13B. Wages and Salaries 14C. Mississauga's Employment 15D. Education 15E. Recruiting Skilled Labour 17F. Specialization 18G. Human Resources and Training 18

4 . D Y N A M I C G R O W T H M O D E L F O R T H E B I O S E C T O R 19A. Market Need 20B. Product Creation and Production 20C. Product Pipelines and Services 20D. Completing the Market Cycle 21

5 . T H E C I T Y O F M I S S I S S A U G A : A L E A D I N G C A N A D I A N B I O C L U S T E R 23A. Market Need 23B. Product Creation and Production 24C. Product Pipeline and Services 27

6 . T H E I T C O N V E R G E N C E 29A. IT, The Catalyst For Biomedical Growth 29B. Mississauga’s Information Technology Cluster 31

7 . F O R E C A S T 2 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 6 33A. Methodology Used for Forecasting 33B. Important Factors for Continued Growth 34

8 . G T A , O N T A R I O A N D C A N A D A 37A. The Greater Toronto Area 37B. Ontario is the Heart of Canada’s Biomedical Industry 38C. Canada, A World Leader in the Biotechnology Sector 38

9 . C O N C L U S I O N 41A P P E N D I X 43A. Bibliography 43B. Mississauga Bio Company Profiles 45C. Mississauga Bio Company Index 59D. Quick Facts: City of Mississauga 62

Contents

Mississauga is home to one of Canada’s leading Bio clusters. The reason is simple yet powerful. Mississauga is the heart of converging innovation in technology,business, education and government. This has resulted in unprecedented growth.

• The City of Mississauga’s Bio sector is the third largest in Canada• Mississauga’s Bio cluster is comprised of over 400 companies and employs over19,700 people

• Between 1990 to 2001:- The city’s Bio sector grew by 119% to 421 companies- The Core Bio sector grew by 100% to 94 companies- Employment within the sector increased by 223%

• The Mississauga-Toronto Bio sector combined is the largest in Canada and one ofthe largest in the world

ConvergenceC L U S T E R C O N C E N T R A T I O N

• A strong Biomedical Cluster allows for sharing of resources and creates moreopportunities for co-operation between companies

• Strong Information Technology cluster of over 850 companies employing 31,000

H U G E M A R K E T

• Mississauga is the sixth largest city in Canada• A population of more than 624,000 people and employment over 386,000• Mississauga is within a one-day drive of 164-million Americans and has direct access to North America’s biggest and richest market of more than 360 million people

• More than 22,000 businesses in the city

Executive Summary

1 mississauga: a leading canadian bio cluster

S T R O N G I N F R A S T R U C T U R E

• Mississauga has seven major highways traversing it and offers fast and convenientaccess to prime destinations in Canada and the United States

• The largest and the busiest airport in Canada, The Lester B. Pearson InternationalAirport (LBPIA), is located in Mississauga

• Canada’s two principal railways, Canadian National (CN) and Canadian Pacific (CP)have main lines traversing Mississauga

P R O A C T I V E P A R T I C I P A T I O N F R O M L O C A L , P R O V I N C I A L A N D F E D E R A L G O V E R N M E N T S

• Attractive tax incentives offered by the Government of Ontario and the CanadianFederal government

• Low and stable taxes offered by the City of Mississauga

InnovationA C C E S S T O T E C H N O L O G Y T R A I N E D P E O P L E

• Companies have access to more than 2.6 million workers within the GTA• The University of Toronto at Mississauga (UTM) is an excellent educational facility and offers the only Master in Biotechnology degree in Canada

• Research facilities are available in the University of Toronto, including the campusin Mississauga (UTM), and its affiliated teaching hospitals, which compose of thelargest medical faculty in North America

• The City of Mississauga has over 90 biotechnology, bio-pharmaceutical andpharmaceutical companies

• There are 421 biomedical companies employing just under 20,000 people in Mississauga

• Educational opportunities in 8 universities and 10 technical colleges within an 80 km (50 mile) radius of Mississauga’s City Centre

• Innovation culture where the City encourages business-education partnershipsthat contribute to a superior education climate and an internationally successfulbusiness community

Growth (2002-2006)

• The Core Bio sector, in the City of Mississauga, is conservatively projected toincrease from 94 to 127 companies, achieving a 35.1% increase

• The entire Bio sector, including the Core, will grow to a total strength of 540 companies (28.3% increase)

• Employment within the Bio sector will exceed the 24,000 mark (23.7% increase)

2 economic development office

Study Context

The Bio sector is one of the key sources of

Mississauga’s prosperity.

A. Short History of Mississauga’s Bio SectorThe origins of this sector started in 1961 when

a company called Astra Pharma opened a manu-

facturing facility in the rolling fields of what

was to become the City of Mississauga. In the

following years the availability of land, the con-

venient road transit of Highway 401 and the

QEW, the close proximity to the airport and

low operating costs attracted other companies.

Abbott Laboratories Ltd., Merck Frosst Ltd.

and ICI Industries all followed Astra’s lead by

developing and operating distribution centres.

The next major company to join the growing

cluster was Mallinckrodt Canada Inc. which,

in time, was purchased and became DuPont

Pharma Inc. Today the company is known as

Bristol Myers Squibb. By the 1980s, the domi-

nant Bio industry was pharmaceuticals with

Glaxo joining the cluster in 1989. It was also

during this time that biotechnical companies

started to emerge. Before this, there was no

industry category for biotechnical.

In the 1990s, growth started to boom due

to the dynamic cluster of Bio companies that

was dubbed “Pill Hill”. They attracted other

biomedical and biotechnical companies,

developed a wider array of products in

response to demand and consolidated into

new business structures to meet the require-

ments of the rapidly evolving industries.

While Mississauga is famous for its “Pill

Hill”, it has been a number of years since a

report was produced on the extent and incred-

ible growth of this sector. This study meets

the basic need for accurate, current statistics

and information on the sector, but it goes fur-

ther. In addition to describing today’s industry

in Mississauga, the GTA, Ontario and Cana-

da, this study also examines the dynamic rela-

tionship behind the factors for a healthy,

growing industry.

B. “Bio” DefinedIt is important that Mississauga’s Bio sector

be defined to give context to the research para-

meters of this study. Mississauga’s Bio sector

includes companies from the biomedical indus-

try as well as from the biotechnical industry.

The numerous inter-related aspects of scien-

tific research and applications make it chal-

lenging to define companies into sub sectors.

M.R.C. Greenwood and Rachel E. Levin-

son in their paper, Expanding the Horizons of

Biotechnology in the Twenty-first Century,

explain the complexity of this sector. “Biotech-

nology expands the vision and shows how the

different disciplines can work synergistically,

applying the tools and skills of physicists, bio-

engineers and material scientists to problems

in bioprocessing; theoretical mathematicians,

pharmacologists and physicians to rational


CHAPTER 1

drug development; and on a global scale, envi-

ronmental ecologists, biochemists and com-

puter systems engineers to bioremediation and

environmental restoration. Biotechnology also

challenges our current notions of integrated

systems and feedback loops simply because

of the rapid pace with which discoveries are

put into practice and diffuse into many areas

of application.”

One of the study objectives was to be as

comprehensive as possible with regard to the

Bio categories and, at the same time, to be

transparent with regard to the types of compa-

nies included. The categories included in this

study are:

1. Bio SectorThe Bio sector is an umbrella term that

includes:

1.1. Biomedical sector:

The term “Bio Sector” has the same definition

as the “Biomedical sector”, in the context of

this study. (See note below for an explanation

on the analysis performed on the sector*)

1.1.1. Core Biomedical sector:• Bio-diagnostics

Screening and detection of disease,

genetic disorders, tissue engineering,

diagnostic kits, diagnostic instruments

• Bio-pharmaceuticals & pharmaceuticals

Antibiotics, vaccines, therapeutics, drug

delivery systems

• Bio-nutraceuticals

Vitamin and mineral health supple-

ments, nutrition analysis

• Biotechnology includes:

Specialized research and development

Note: Research-based companies may

also have application to the following

industries as an addition to biomedical

applications.

- Bio-agriculture

Animal genetics and biotechnology,

plant genetics and biotechnology

- Bio-food processing

Food safety and storage

- Bio-manufacturing and

bioprocessing

Industrial and commercial products

- Bio-natural resources and

environment

Alternative energy sources, biomass

technology, alternative source prod-

ucts, environmentally neutral

chemical products

1.1.2 Bio-equipment and devicesSpecialized lab equipment, specialized

software, laser therapy, hospital equip-

ment, surgical tools, implants, scientific

instruments, cardiac equipment

1.1.3 Bio-laboratoryResearch facilities available to conduct

scientific research

1.1.4 Bio-Health CareOptical products, orthotic products,

dental products, first aid

1.1.5 Bio-suppliersSpecialized medical and hospital equip-

ment and supplies, sales and distribution

Medical Information and service providers

Consulting firms providing service to

biomedical or biotechnical areas

* An analysis has been conducted on the sub-

categories of the biomedical sector only.

Companies that fall within the sub cate-

gories of biotechnology, namely bio-agricul-

ture, bio-food processing,

bio-manufacturing and bioprocessing, bio-

natural resources and environment have

been included under the comprehensive

biotechnology category.

C. Data AnalysisIt is very important to define any sector in a

way that is meaningful to the current state of

the sector. The biomedical and biotechnical

industries are experiencing unprecedented

convergence which makes traditional classifi-

cations not only difficult but of dubious

usefulness.

In order to do valid comparisons between

the data available from the different sources,

adjustments have been made to coincide with


the broader categories of the Bio sector. In the

interest of performing an evaluation for simi-

lar categories, the data from the 2002 Missis-

sauga Employment Database was limited

within the biomedical sector where necessary.

The analysis of companies by region

within Canada presented in the study is based

on information from Contact Canada’s data-

bases, listed below:

1. 2002 Edition of the Canadian Biotechnology

2. 2002 Edition of The Pharma, BioPharma

and Nutraceuticals

3. Medical & Assistive Devices and Diagnostics

Canada 2002

Since the amalgamation of the cities of Toron-

to, Montreal, Ottawa and Vancouver was not

taken into account in the above databases,

the following process has been used to adjust

the data.

• The databases were merged

• The records which were effected by the

mergers of the above cities were adjusted

• Companies were counted only once if:

- The same company had more than one

location in the same city

- Departments of the same company were

located within the same city

- The same company had two or more

records classifying them under more

than one category

• Suppliers that were listed within the above

databases have not been included

The filtered database had only distinct compa-

nies of the core biomedical sector of each

city. The final analysis is based on this filtered

database.

For the City of Mississauga statistics,

information from the 2002 Mississauga

Employment Database, which is updated

annually with field checks and telephone sur-

veys, was referenced. For historic data, the

1990 Mississauga Employment Database

and 1995 Mississauga Employment Database

was referenced.

To do a valid comparison with the data

from the above sources, the same criteria was

used for Contact Canada’s information, i.e.

only unique company names of the core biomed-

ical sector and no suppliers to the industry.



The Mississauga Bio Industry

CHAPTER 2


Figure 2.1

TO P 7 C A N A D I A N C I T I E S I N T H E C O R E B I O M E D I C A L S E C TO R

Source: Contact Canada 2002 databases

* Mississauga Employment Database

Figure 2.2

P R I V A T E A N D P U B L I C B I O T E C H C O M P A N I E S B Y R E G I O N

Source: Ernst & Young LLP, Biotechnology Industry Report:

Convergence, 2000

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A. Mississauga’s Ranking In CanadaMississauga’s core biomedical sector is the

third largest in Canada, after Montreal and

Toronto. Jointly, the City of Mississauga’s and

the City of Toronto’s core biomedical sector,

is the largest in Canada and one of the largest

in the world.

B. American Competitive Biotech RegionsErnst & Young LLP, Biotechnology Industry

Report: Convergence, 2000 is used as a source

for the distribution of the number of biotech-

nology companies by region in the United

States of America. Even though these numbers

provided by Ernst & Young LLP are based on

biotechnology companies by region, and the

analysis done on Contact Canada databases

and the 2002 Mississauga Employment Data-

base are based on core biomedical companies

by cities, the comparison is a good general

indicator of the distribution of the main Bio

sector in North America (Refer to Figure 2.2).

C. Bio Cluster GrowthOver the last decade, the City of Mississauga

has seen a tremendous growth in the biomedi-

cal sector. The core biomedical group consisting

of biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, biophar-

maceuticals, nutraceuticals and diagnostic

companies has doubled from 47 companies in

1990 to 94 companies in 2001, a 100 per cent

increase (Refer to Figure 2.3). This increase in

the core biomedical group has resulted in an

explosive growth of companies that support

this core group. Today, Mississauga’s biomed-

ical sector (core and supporting companies)

has a total strength of 421 companies and

employs over 19,700 people. The 2001 employ-

ment figures for the entire sector reflects a

223 per cent increase over 1990 figures.

The companies that have been included in the

biomedical sector are involved in:

• biotechnology research

• pharmaceuticals and bio-pharmaceuticals

• manufacture or supply of diagnostic kits

related to biotechnology

• laboratories for clinical testing and/or offer-

ing facilities to biotechnology companies

• nutraceuticals in research & development

• supply and manufacture of human health

products

• supply of equipment/devices

The Suppliers category includes any company

that provides services and equipment to bio-

technology and pharmaceutical companies.

Due to the nature of the biomedical and

biotechnical industries, most of the companies

have operations in more than one of the above

categories. As a result, some companies are

classified under more than one category. This

accounts for the discrepancy in the total number

of companies by categories and the total number

of unique companies in the bio/biomedical sec-

tor and core biomedical sector (Figure 2.3 and

Figure 2.4).

Among the Bio sector, the pharmaceutical,

biotechnology, suppliers, equipment/devices,

and healthcare companies, within the City of

Mississauga, have seen the greatest increase.

• The number of biotechnology companies in

2001 has grown by 590 per cent over 1990

numbers; 540 per cent of this growth

occurred between 1995-2001

• The pharmaceutical, bio-pharmaceutical and

nutraceutical companies have almost doubled


57

119

171

114

6942 4857

77

1015

69

31 3456

5 8 11 11 12 9 2 3 2

278

421

192

Suppliers

Num

ber

of C

ompa

nies

Sectors

Equipment/Devices

HealthCare

Biotech-nology

Pharma-ceutical

Diagnostics Laboratory Nutra-ceuticals

TotalBiomedical

199019952001

Figure 2.3 G R O W T H O F B I O M E D I C A L C O M P A N I E S B Y

S E C T O R F R O M 1 9 9 0 - 2 0 0 1

Source: Mississauga Employment Database

during the same period. These companies

experienced an 75.8 per cent growth from

1990-2001. Sixty four per cent of this growth

occurred between 1995-2001 (Refer to

Figure 2.4)

Together, the biotechnology and pharmaceuti-

cal industries have been the driving force in

the growth of the rest of the biomedical indus-

try. Supporting sectors such as the equipment/

devices cluster and suppliers cluster have

almost tripled during the same period.

D. Cluster Distribution By Number Of Employees(Refer to Figure 2.5)

• 62.5 per cent of the total biomedical sector

consists of small companies; i.e. between

0-19 employees

• 158 companies have more than 20 employees

Figure 2.5

D I S T R I B U T I O N O F C O M P A N I E S B Y N U M B E R

O F E M P L O Y E E S I N M I S S I S S A U G A F O R 2 0 0 1



5 8 11

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94

Diagnostics Pharma,BioPharma,

Nutraceuticals

Biotech-nology

Total CoreBiomedical

Num

ber

of C

ompa

nies

Categories

199019952001

Figure 2.4

G R O W T H I N M I S S I S S A U G A ’ S C O R E

B I O M E D I C A L S E C T O R F R O M 1 9 9 0 - 2 0 0 1


Small Medium Large

Num

ber

of C

ompa

nies

Employee Range

Small: 0-19Medium: 20-100Large: >100

263

113

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Legend

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Interchanges

Interchanges, Part ia l

Minor Arter ies

Rai lways

Rivers

Ci ty Boundary

This map is for general reference purpose only. For official planinformation, please contact the City of Mississauga, Planning &Building Department at 905-615-3551; for zoning information,call 905-896-5622.

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E. Cluster Concentration By DistrictsThe City of Mississauga is divided into Plan-

ning Districts. The following map outlines

each district.

Figure 2.6 D I S T R I C T M A P

Source: Mississauga Economic Development Office

• Almost 85 per cent of the total biomedical

sector is clustered around the Northeast,

Meadowvale Business Park, Gateway, West-

ern Business Park and Airport Corporate

Centre districts (Refer to Figure 2.7)

• The highest concentration of the core bio-

medical sector is located within the Meadow-

vale Business Park district


• The Western Business Park district which is

located near University of Toronto at Missis-

sauga (UTM) has a growing cluster of bio-

technology and pharmaceutical companies

• The suppliers, equipment/device and health

care companies are also primarily located

within the Meadowvale Business Park,

Northeast, and Gateway districts. They tend

to locate close to the biotechnology and phar-

maceutical companies, and near transporta-

tion networks

Figure 2.7 B I O M E D I C A L C O M P A N I E S B Y P L A N N I N G D I S T R I C T W I T H I N M I S S I S S A U G A F O R 2 0 0 1

Source: Mississauga Employment Database (Combined total reflects companies with multiple locations)

Figure 2.8

B I O M E D I C A L C L U S T E R S I N M I S S I S S A U G A F O R 2 0 0 1


0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Number of Companies per District

Categories

Bio-Technology

Suppliers

Pharmaceutical

Nutraceuticals

Laboratory

Health Care

Equipment/Devices

Diagnostics

Lester B. PearsonCity CentreWestern Business ParkSouthdownDixieGatewaySheridan ParkOther (Residential Districts)Meadowvale Business ParkMavis-ErindaleAirport CorporateNortheast

Northeast

Meadowvale Business Park

Gateway

Western Business Park

Airport Corporate

Dixie

City Centre

Sheridan Park

Mavis-Erindale

Southdown

Lester B. Pearson

Other (Residential Districts)

Plan

ning

Dis

tric

t

Number of Companies

154

84

64

43

30

17

15

5

5

2

1

23

F. Employment GrowthThe total employment in the biomedical sector,

in the City of Mississauga, reached 19,707 at

the end of 2001, an increase of 223 per cent

over 1990 figures (Figure 2.9). However, the

majority of this growth, 131 per cent, occurred

between 1990-1995, while 1995-2001 accounted

for 92 per cent of the employment growth.

The remarkable growth of the biomedical

sector has been a key element in the city’s

development. Cluster concentration within

the Northeast, Meadowvale Business Park,

Gateway, Western Business Park and Airport

Corporate Centre districts, for biomedical

companies has also been a major factor in the

increase, as these clusters allow for more

cooperation and sharing of resources between

them. These districts, with the exception of the

Western Business Park, are located near Lester

B. Pearson International Airport and close to

major highways (401, 407, 409 and 427).

While employment numbers have grown,

there has been a slowdown in employment

growth rate between 1995-2001. There are a

number of factors that could account for this

slowdown, such as the implementation of new

technology and automated systems that have

allowed companies to reduce costs by reducing

employment. However, there will continue to

be a high demand for skilled researchers by

biomedical companies attracted to Mississauga.

As “The Third Largest Biomedical City in

Canada”, Mississauga will continue to be a

prime centre for companies to establish bio-

medical operations.


Figure 2.9

E M P L O Y M E N T G R O W T H I N B I O M E D I C A L S E C T O R I N M I S S I S S A U G A F O R 1 9 9 0 - 2 0 0 1


1990 1995 2001

Num

ber

of E

mpl

oyee

s

Year

6,102

14,102

19,707


Mississauga has the capacity to attract, train,

and retain skilled workers for the Bio sector.

The skill requirements of the biomedical

and biotechnology industry focuses on two

main issues:

1. The industry must have access to a pool

of highly-skilled scientific and technical

personnel

2. There must be experienced management

personnel available to facilitate the produc-

tion and marketing of products and services

A. Bio Employment – National TrendsIn the past 10 years, the biomedical field in

Canada has grown dramatically. The Biotech-

nology Human Resources Council (BHRC)

predicts an annual incremental growth of 10

to 20 per cent across all industries.

The BHRC report, Biotechnology Indus-

try Intelligence Briefing Human Resource

Trends and Projections, gives analyses of areas

of employment, education and skill require-

ments and average national salaries.

Figure 3.1 B I O T E C H E M P L O Y M E N T B Y O P E R A T I O N A L A R E A

Source: “Projections for the Future”, BHRC 2000

Research

Administration/Finance/Human Resources

Manufacturing and Production

MIS/IT

Executive Management (VP, Director)

Quality Control/Quality Assurance

Marketing and Sales

Development

Clinical Research

Business Development/Investor Relations

Product and Customer Support

Regulatory Affairs

CEO/President

Intellectual Property

Other

Number of Employees (FTE)

35%

15%

14%

5%

4%

4%

4%

4%

3%

2%

1%

1%

1%

0%

6%

Mississauga’sBio Employment

CHAPTER 3


The majority of employment derives from:

• Research (35 per cent)

• Administration/Finance/Human Resources

(15 per cent)

• Manufacturing and Production, (14 per cent)

• Information Technology (5 per cent)

• Executive Management personnel (4 per cent)

As illustrated in Figure 3.1, the main area of

biotech employment is based in research.

The number of production and adminis-

trative employees (e.g. finance, development

and commercializing of bio-products) will

continue to increase.

According to BHRC, “We can expect that over-

all employment for the industry as a whole

may be considerably different since this would

include changes in employment associated with

the birth and death of firms as well as merg-

ers and acquisitions, that were not captured by

the technology used in the snap-shot survey.”

Expected hiring in the Administration

area (7 per cent of all new hires), is consider-

ably less than its current employment share of

15 per cent. Conversely, the percentage of hires

in the Clinical Research and QA/QC areas are

visibly greater than current employment in

each of these areas (Refer to Figure 3.2).

Figure 3.2 B R E A K D O W N O F P R O J E C T E D N E W H I R E S I N N E X T 1 2 M O N T H S


Research

Manufacturing and Production

Clinical Research

Administration/Finance/Human Resources

Quality Control/Quality Assurance

Development

Marketing and Sales

Other

MIS/IT

Product and Customer Support

Business Development/Investor Relations

Regulatory Affairs

CEO/President


Percent of Incremental New Hires in Next 12 Months

37%

15%

7%

7%

6%

5%

5%

4%

4%

3%

3%

2%

1%

0%

B. Wages and SalariesFigure 3.3 N A T I O N A L A V E R A G E S O F T H E B I O T E C H N O L O G Y S E C T O R I N C A N A D A

Source: Statistics Canada, Science, Innovation and Electronic Information Division (2001); Biotechnology Human Resources Council (2000)

AV E R A G E ( N AT I O N A L ) S A L A R Y F O R 2 0 0 0 - 0 1

Senior manager 133,000

Business development manager 111,500

Regulatory affairs manager 101,300

Senior scientific researcher 78,900

Associate (clinical scientific researcher) 70,500

Biological computing engineer 65,900


Figure 3.4

Source: Government of Ontario, “At the Heart of the World ’s Biomedical Industry”, 2001

O N TA R I O ’ S B I O M E D I C A L 2 0 0 1 A N N U A L AV E R A G E S A L A R Y

I N T E R M S O F L A B O U R C O S T & WA G E C O M P E T I T I V E N E S S C A N A D I A N U S

Project Manager $78,691 $49,465

Research Scientist $65,702 $41,300

Quality Assurance Technician $33,408 $21,000

Bioinformatics Scientist $76,362 $48,000

C. Mississauga’s EmploymentThe City of Mississauga is part of the largest

labour force market in Canada and the Greater

Toronto Area (GTA). Mississauga is a strong

economic generator and an importer of labour

from the surrounding region. Due to the mag-

nitude of the biomedical, biotechnology and

information technology sectors located in Mis-

sissauga, the city has become one of the most

significant employment growth centres within

the GTA.

According to the 2001 Mississauga

Employment profile, over the last two years

employment growth in the City of Mississauga

has been at an annual rate of 6 per cent. Based

on the employment and population trends

within the city from 1976/77 to 2001 (Figure

3.5), it should be noted that the employment

ratio, which represents the proportion of total

employment in relation to population, reached

a new high in 2001.

D. EducationThe Bio sector requires individuals who are

able to think logically, deductively and laterally

with the experience of a technical background.

As stated in Industry Canada, Pathways to

Growth: Opportunities in Biotechnology report, it

is necessary to “combine several scientific

specialities and non-scientific speciality skills”

in order to be successful.

As the BHRC report indicates, the Bio-

medical sector is growing at such a rapid rate

that it is difficult to meet the skill-labour

demand of researchers, business managers and

legislative specialists. This dynamic know-

ledge-based economy includes a surprising

variety of industries, most of which require a

highly skilled workforce.

Our choice in Mississauga as head office includes its proximity to multi-cultural areas to draw highly skilled employees, infrastructure and facilities conducive to the bestplace to work.Agilent Technologies Canada Inc.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1976/77

1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

($00

0)

Year

PopulationEmploymentEmployment Ratio*

.53*

.53.59

.58

.56

.62

Figure 3.5

E M P L O Y M E N T A N D P O P U L A T I O N T R E N D S ,

1 9 7 6 / 7 7 T O 2 0 0 1

Source: Census of Canada and City of Mississauga Employment Survey


Advantages of being located within the City of Mississauga: A large, well educated pool of talent in the Mississauga and surrounding areas.Amgen Canada Inc.

Figure 3.6 P R I O R I T Y R A N K I N G A N D T R A I N I N G P R O J E C T I O N S F O R S E L E C T E D S K I L L A R E A S

Source: BHRC 2000

S E L E C T E D S K I L L A R E A S P R I O R I T Y O P E R AT I O N A L / P E R C E N TA G E O F P E R C E N TA G E O F

R A N K I N G D E PA R T M E N TA L A R E A O P E R AT I O N A L T O TA L W O R K F O R C E

T H AT R E Q U I R E S W O R K F O R C E T O B E T R A I N E D

T H E S K I L L T O B E T R A I N E D

Protecting & Managing 1 Intellectual Property 52.1% 0.3%


Good Manufacturing Practices 9 Manufacturing & Production 44.4% 6.5%

Regulatory Submissions 8 Regulatory Affairs 21.0% 0.3%

and Compliance

Quality Assurance/Quality Control 2 QC/QA 28.4% 1.2%

Clinical Trials Management – Clinical Research 20.2% 0.6%

Clinical Trials Design _ Clinical Research 6.5% 0.2%

Laboratory Techniques 1 Research 3.9% 1.3%

and Instrumentation

Bioinformatics / Lab Software 7 Research 2.0% 0.7%

Good Laboratory Practices 5 Research 1.3% 0.4%

1. Laboratory Techniques and Instrumentation (Priority Ranking: 1)

2. Developing/Managing Strategic Alliances/Investor Relations (Priority Ranking: 1)

3. Protecting and Managing Intellectual Property (Priority Ranking: 1)

4. Quality Control/Quality Assurance (Priority Ranking: 2)

5. Marketing Strategies (Priority Ranking: 3)

6. Financial Management (Priority Ranking: 4)

7. Good Laboratory Practices (Priority Ranking: 5)

8. Market Research (Priority Ranking: 5)

9. Product Development Process (Priority Ranking: 5)

10. Bioinformatics & Laboratory Software (Priority Ranking: 6)

11. Information Technology Management (Priority Ranking: 7)

12. Process Development (Priority Ranking: 7)

13. Regulatory Submissions and Compliance (Priority Ranking: 8)

14. Good Manufacturing Practices (Priority Ranking: 9)

15. Business Software (Priority Ranking: 10)


BHRC’s projection for three years 2000-2003

indicated that almost one third of all new hires

will require a Bachelors degree (Figure 3.7).

The next significant proportion of new hires

will be at the Technical Diploma and General

Support areas. Given the general trends of

strong employment and hiring in the Research

and Manufacturing areas, this is not surpris-

ing. Smaller proportions of hirings of Masters

and PhD level employees are projected overall

– although smaller firms project greater pro-

portions of hirings at this level than the over-

all survey average. Small firms obviously do

not have the same level of manufacturing,

sales or research support activities as do large

firms, and do not require large volumes of

B.Sc., Technical and General level staff typi-

cally employed in these areas.

E. Recruiting Skilled LabourAccording to BHRC, “this sector places a strong

emphasis on the coming need for laboratory

technicians and technologists (Diploma and Ba-

chelor levels) as research and clinical activities

expand. Biochemistry expertise (B.SC, MS and

PhD levels) will be particularly important as

the industry increases its activities in predict-

ing and modelling protein structure and func-

tion.” Bioinformatics, genomics (at Doctoral

levels), epidemiology and plant biotechnology

(clinical work at the Masters level) are the

other fields of interest.

Mississauga is surrounded by some of

Ontario’s finest, post-secondary institutions

offering a wide variety of educational opportu-

nities. Ranging from the University of Toronto

at Mississauga (UTM), an internationally sig-

nificant research-based university offering the

only Masters of Biotechnology program in

Canada to colleges such as Sheridan, DeVry

and Humber. In addition, within an 80-km

(50 miles) radius of Mississauga, there are 8

major universities and 10 technical colleges.

The city’s supply of scientific and technical

personnel has been distinguished by many

post-secondary institutions (particularly at the

undergraduate and master’s levels) thanks to

its solid university infrastructure, which is

“Mississauga offers us a strategic location in the heart of the world’s largest biotech market. That, together with the highly skilled workforce, will continue to play an important part in our success.”Lee Hartwell, CFO and VP, Corporate Development, Hemosol Inc.

Figure 3.7 B R E A K D O W N O F F U T U R E H I R E S B Y E D U C A T I O N / E X P E R T I S E L E V E L


Executive Management

Management

Senior Scientist

Doctoral Degree

Masters Degree

Bachelors Degree

Engineering Degree

Technical Diploma

Skilled Trades

General Support

Percent of Incremental New Hires in Next 12 Months

2.8%

2.8%

3.8%

10.8%

11.9%

27.1%

5.8%

14.9%

1.1%

14.2%

capable of training enough people to sustain

basic and applied research activities.

F. SpecializationSince the biotechnology industry is based on

science and technology, it is not surprising

that its labour force is highly skilled and edu-

cated. Among the disciplines, which most

often lead to careers in biotechnology, are

biology, microbiology, biophysics, biochem-

istry, genetics and chemical engineering.

It is important that experience include

some training in a couple of secondary skill

areas. Most often this includes some training

in information technology and one of the more

traditional sciences. Indeed, the importance of

computer skills keeps growing, particularly in

biological computing or molecular modeling.

As well, emerging disciplines, such as genetics

and gene therapy, are fast becoming the new

way of the future in biotechnology.

G. Human Resources and TrainingThe need for training courses and skills im-

provement is a key element in creating a high-

ly qualified workforce. A study was recently

published by the BHRC on the trends and

needs of the biotechnology industry with regard

to skills. This study clearly illustrates that

among the most sought-after skills are those

related to business management and develop-

ment. Biotechnology firms need administra-

tive personnel capable of dealing with

regulatory matters, intellectual property pro-

tection (patents), relations with investors (risk

capital, etc.), strategic alliance development,

and all activities related to the marketing of

new products.

As the sector grows and expands, the per-

sonnel requirements are also changing rapidly

and competition is increasing in the labour

market for workers with the right skills.

For example, the shortage of experienced

researchers (with both a postdoctoral diploma

and industrial experience) is one of the major

challenges facing biotechnology’s future

development in Canada (BHRC, 1998). As for

the evolution of scientific personnel training,

the biotechnology industry has a growing

interest in graduates at the leading edge of

emerging fields, and graduates who already

have some experience working on multidisci-

plinary research teams.

In response to the growing demand to

enable new graduates or novice employees

to acquire relevant experience, the City of

Mississauga continues to establish links with

educational institutions. The City and the

Economic Development Advisory Council

(EDAC) has taken this issue very seriously.

EDAC is a group of senior representatives

from some of Mississauga’s top companies,

local school boards, The Centre for Education

and Training, the University of Toronto at

Mississauga, Sheridan College, DeVry Insti-

tute, the Peel-Halton-Dufferin Training Board,

the Mississauga Board of Trade, Enersource

Inc., and the City of Mississauga. This group

of business leaders, educators, and govern-

ment officials has developed an action-oriented

strategy to establish a competitive advantage

for Mississauga by fostering business-educa-

tion partnerships that contribute to a superior

education climate and an internationally suc-

cessful business community.

They have established the Mississauga

Education Business Partnership (MEBP)

whose mission is to “join industry, education

and government together to build and realize

a vision for the City of Mississauga as a unique,

secure and prosperous community in which

to live, work, as well as an environment where

business thrives”. The MEBP has developed

a web portal (www.mebp.info) that provides

information to the Bio sector on education,

training and development, government re-

sources and agencies, and professional and

related industrial associations.


Dynamic GrowthModel for the Bio Sector

CHAPTER 4


According to Industry Canada and KPMG’s

Competitive Alternative Study, the most

important factors that contribute to the success

of a Bio cluster are a strong research infra-

structure base, quality of technical personnel,

overall cost of research, locating around a

cluster of bio-pharmaceutical firms, access to

markets and suppliers, government incentives

(attractive tax credits, grants), and land and

facility offerings.

The factors for growth are important, but it is

the relationship between these factors that is

the key to the dynamic processes that result in

a self-sustaining benefits cycle. These relation-

ships can be modeled illustrating the specific

factor interdependence and the sequence of

action for growth. The model, “The Dynamic

Growth Model for the BIO Sector”, is

explained in Figure 4.1.

Figure 4.1 T H E D Y N A M I C G R O W T H M O D E L F O R T H E B I O S E C T O R

P R O D U C TC R E A T I O N

& P R O D U C T I O N

Information Technology

People

Research Community

Supplier Industries

Financial Markets

Resources

B I O P I P E L I N E& S E R V I C E S

Regulations N E W M A R K E TN E E D & D E M A N D

S AT I S F Y I N GM A R K E T N E E D

• Data management• Diagnostics• Access to information via internet

• Computer modeling

• Education• Access to facilities• Access to professionalexpertise & professionalcommunity

• Opportunities for family,housing, education, recre-ation, shopping, security

• Universities• Laboratory facilities• Professional associations

Market Need(Completing cycle)• Satisfying demand• New demands – productvariation, enhanced products, product evolution

• Collaborative, complemen-tary and related industries

• Investment community• Government incentives

• Lands & physical plant• Communications technology• Infrastructure

• Regulatory jurisdiction• Intellectual property

• Centres of population• Marketing & communications• Logistics• Transportation – Air, roads& rail

Access to Market

Growth requires a sustained and continuous

flow from market demand to the creation of

products, to the availability of products that

satisfy the demand and give rise to additional

new market demand, thus creating the cycle.

For each of the cycle components there

are specific factors:

A. Market NeedThis includes the general community as po-

tential consumers of Bio sector products and

services. The broad implications of this mar-

ket group in the western world include the

aging of the baby boomer demographic group

and increased expectations for healthy longevi-

ty, cures and therapeutics. This market is

equally demanding in the so-called second and

third worlds but the issues of market access

and cost are more complex. Taken globally the

market demand is strong and growing.

The professional community is also part

of the market demand as specialized con-

sumers. This market is reacting to new discov-

eries and possibilities as presented by the

convergence of disciplines and the resulting

inter-related technological creativity. As the

market sees and understands that which was

previously thought to be unattainable, is now

attainable, and this is resulting in increased

market demand. This also enhances the mar-

ket need of the complimentary, collaborative

and related industries such as administrative

products and services, office design and fur-

nishings, publishing and information prod-

ucts to name just a few.

B. Product Creation and ProductionThe engine that runs product creation and pro-

duction is people. Today’s Bio sector is acutely

aware of the need for skilled, highly educated

and motivated people. To develop and provide

for this there must be a combination of excel-

lent and varied education options and oppor-

tunities, access to facilities that support skill

and intellectual development and the support

and encouragement of a dynamic professional

expertise and a professional community. In

addition to having a stable population of Bio

sector workers, there is a requirement for life

style opportunities for individuals and their

families. This includes quality housing, recre-

ation, culture and shopping options in a

secure and clean environment.

Other factors critical to the product cre-

ation and production component are access to

suitable land and physical plant resources

and, availability of contemporary communica-

tions technology. Financial markets have a

large role to play in this sector as the costs and

investments required by this sector are con-

siderable. The two main groups of investors

are the investment community and the gov-

ernment incentive programs targeted at R&D.

Both these groups have increased their inter-

est in the Bio sector in the last few years.

In discussing the market need, reference

is made to the collaborative, complementary

and related industries as generators of market

demand. Not only are they a major factor in

demand but these groups have another role to

play in the product creation and production

component. This is another aspect of the

industry convergence. One broad category of

companies is key to this component: Informa-

tion Technology (IT). The IT sector has pro-

vided the data collection, storage and modeling

tools that have enabled the Bio sector to make

the impossible a reality. Super and high-speed

computers have simplified and quickened the

rate of advancement. Just one example is the

mapping of the human genome profile. In

addition, the IT industry has been a major

partner in the convergence creativity that has

resulted in the proliferation of scientific dis-

coveries and technological advances.

C. Product Pipelines and ServicesThe product pipeline is the required route for

the Bio sector to make their products and ser-

vices available to the market or the commer-

cialization phase. Regulations play a big part

in this component. Regulation is controlled by

the federal government food and drug agencies

(FDA) of each respective country but certainly



the United States FDA as well as those in

Canada and Europe are the key players in terms

of approval for entry into the major markets.

Another aspect of this component is intellec-

tual property (IP) rights. Some level of IP

rights are required to balance the necessary

investment and the commercial return that

must exist to motivate new discoveries and

ensure they are made available to the market.

Like other industry sectors the Bio sector

requires market access factors including

• Centres of population

• Marketing and communications

• Logistics

• Transportation – air, roads & rail

D. Completing the Market CycleAs a dynamic process, the cycle is completed

by satisfying the original market need. It is

important to make the connection between

satisfying demand and creating new demands.

When market demand is met by a product or

service after the initial satisfaction, a chain of

events is started including product variation,

enhancement and evolution. Product variation

grows out of satisfying or creating different

sub categories of need. For example birth con-

trol pills for women have been developed

from the original concept to satisfy the differ-

ent delivery needs and hormonal tolerances in

various groups of women. Enhanced products

advance the formulation or delivery systems,

for example the new generation of seritonin

enhancers. Product evolutions build on previ-

ous discoveries but are breakthrough or

new products. An example of this is the new

synthetic blood products that are soon to be

on the market.

The Dynamic Growth Model assists in

the organization and analysis of the complex

factors that act upon the Bio sector. If all com-

ponents are strong and well served by the

availability of the required factors, the result is

a successful Bio sector.


Over the last decade, Mississauga has seen a

tremendous growth in the biomedical sector.

The sector has seen a 100 per cent increase in

the numbers of core biomedical sector compa-

nies and a 223 per cent increase in employ-

ment figures over the last 11 years.

The reason for this tremendous growth is

that Mississauga supplies all the factors nec-

essary for dynamic growth as explained in the

Dynamic Model for the Bio Sector. These fac-

tors have been organized according to the

three component factors; market need, prod-

uct development, and product pipeline and

services. (For an in-depth explanation of the

model see Chapter 4. Dynamic Growth Model

for the Bio Sector.) Under each of these com-

ponents all of the relevant factors and reasons,

related to Mississauga as a centre for growth,

are noted.

A. Market Need• Mississauga is strategically located in the

centre of Canada’s major consumer and

industrial market

• Mississauga is Canada’s 6th largest city with

a population of 624,000

• The Toronto Census Metropolitan Area,

including Mississauga, has a population of

approximately 4.7 million people

• The city is only 90 minutes from the U.S.

border which puts local companies in touch

with a vast market of 164 million consumers

• Demographics reflect an aging population

requiring more health interventions and

products

• Mississauga’s average annual family income

is over $65,000

• Mississauga has a strong professional

community

• Over 70 per cent of the local labour market

has post secondary education

• The over 400 companies in the Mississauga

Bio Cluster represent significant business to

business opportunities

• Over 22,000 companies in Mississauga and

over 80,000 in the GTA


The City of Mississauga: A Leading CanadianBio Cluster

CHAPTER 5

Being located in Mississauga is very important to AstraZeneca Canada Inc. It allows for easy access to the only university in Canada that offers a master of biotechnology program, which is the Mississauga campus of the University of Toronto.AstraZeneca Canada Inc.


B. Product Creation and ProductionPeople• Companies located within the City of Missis-

sauga have access to more than 2.6 million

workers within the GTA

• Employee standards of education are high

with 57 per cent having post-secondary

education

• Research facilities are available in the Uni-

versity of Toronto, including the campus in

Mississauga (UTM), and its affiliated teach-

ing hospitals, which comprises one of the

largest medical faculties in North America

• The City of Mississauga has over 90 biotech-

nology, bio-pharmaceutical and pharmaceu-

tical companies

• There are 421 biomedical companies employ-

ing close to 20,000 people in Mississauga

• A professional community that includes

major Bio companies such as Amgen,

AstraZeneca Canada Inc., Baxter Corporation,

Biovail Corporation, GlaxoSmithKline Cana-

da Inc., Hoffman- LaRoche Limited, NPS

Pharmaceuticals, Pharmacia Corporation

• Mississauga is a major part of the Greater

Toronto Area’s (GTA) medical community,

which is one of North America’s largest,

with more than 50 hospitals, 37 internation-

ally acclaimed medical institutions, 8,200

physicians and 54,000 health professionals

• Partnerships between biotechnology compa-

nies, universities and medical institutions

have resulted in thriving research facilities

• Access to the new research Incubator in the

City of Toronto

• The University of Toronto at Mississauga

(UTM) is an excellent educational facility

which offers a Master in Biotechnology

degree

• Educational opportunities in 8 universities

and 10 technical colleges within an 80 km

(50 mile) radius of Mississauga’s City Centre,

including:

Brock University, St. Catharines

McMaster University, Hamilton

University of Guelph, Guelph

University of Toronto, Toronto

Ryerson Polytechnical University, Toronto

University of Waterloo, Waterloo

Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo

York University, Toronto

Centennial College, Toronto

Conestoga College, Kitchener

Durham College, Oshawa

George Brown College, Toronto

Humber College, Toronto

Mohawk College, Hamilton

Niagara College, Welland

Seneca College, Toronto

Sheridan College, Brampton and Oakville

Ontario College of Art, Toronto

Figure 5.1 M A J O R R E S E A R C H & D E V E L O P M E N T A N N O U N C E M E N T S S I N C E 1 9 9 6

Source: Economic Development Office (City of Mississauga)

At the Heart of the World ’s Biomedical Industry (Government of Ontario)

C O M PA N Y A M O U N T Y E A R P R O G R A M F U N D E D

( C A D $ M I L )

Schering $2.97 2000 Alzheimer’s disease

GlaxoSmithKline $1.00 2000 Clinical Education Centre, Queen’s University

Novartis $1.49 1998 Chair in Xenotransplantation research, University of

Western Ontario/ John P. Robarts Research Institute

Amgen $9.96 1994-2004 Molecular biology & immunology

Astra Zeneca $2.3 1998 Chairs in Biotechnology and Chemistry, University of Toronto

at Mississauga

GlaxoSmithKline $ .07 1999 Biotechnology Research Laboratory, University of Toronto

at Mississauga

Searle $2.01 1996 Chair in Cardiovascular Research, University Health Network

• There are more than 17,000 graduates a year

in mathematics, engineering, sciences and

health professions in the GTA area

• Mississauga has an excellent selection of

quality housing including townhouses, high

rise condominiums, semi-detached and de-

tached to satisfy every income level. Missis-

sauga’s communities are set in a variety of

environments from urban to waterfront to

green belts

• The local school boards are committed to

providing an educational program that meets

the needs of each individual student includ-

ing a complete range of special educational

services, early French immersion, co-opera-

tive education and a complete range of

extracurricular activities

• Privately-owned and operated schools in Mis-

sissauga offer areas of study ranging from

alternative elementary and secondary educa-

tion to various technical and vocational skills

• Over 400 parks and activities such as hiking,

walking, in-line skating , skiing and biking

are available along more than 18 major trails

along stream valleys, through woodlots or on

the shores of Lake Ontario

• One of the longest green stretches of lake

front offers boating (from canoes to yachts)

and 3 full service marinas

• In a 2001 national study, Mississauga was

recognized as Canada’s safest city

Land & Physical Plant Availability• The City of Mississauga has a number of

vacant land sites with more than 3,500 acres

in total, available for development

• Mississauga offers a large supply of modern,

high quality, industrial land and access to

50 private sector business parks

• Tax rates are consistently lower than most

Ontario cities

• Mississauga has a AAA credit rating and has

not borrowed to finance expenditures for the

past 18 years

• Over the last 11 years the total municipal tax

increase has been only 1.7 per cent

• Mississauga’s telecommunications infra-

structure offers 100 per cent digital switching

using state-of-the-art technology, simultane-

ous network facilities with fiber cable in all

business parks and fully diverse, restorable

fiber ring technologies

Financial Markets• Mississauga is located in the financial heart-

land of Canada

• Global financial markets have grown in

equity value and integration over the last two

decades which has increased the national

markets

• Mutual funds and other investment vehicles

are now investing in the Bio sector


KPMG’s study rates Canada’s overall land and construction costs among the lowest in the G7 countries. Canada was rated as the lowest for investment costs, 3rd lowest for land acquisitions costs and 2nd lowest for construction costs by the studyComparing Business Costs in North America, Europe and Japan (G7- 2002 Edition) KPMG


Figure 5.4 M A J O R C A P I T A L A N N O U N C E M E N T S I N M I S S I S S A U G A S I N C E 1 9 9 6

Source: Economic Development Department (City of Mississauga)

At the heart of the world ’s Biomedical Industry (Government of Ontario)

C O M PA N Y A M O U N T ( C A D $ M I L ) Y E A R I N V E S T M E N T

Medtronic $ 7.43 2001 Expansion of manufacturing plant

Hemosol $ 90.0 2000 Construction of head office and new manufacturing facility

AstraZeneca $ 254.0 1999 Construction of new manufacturing facility

Novartis $ 16.34 1998 Expansion of manufacturing plant

Biovail $ 20.0 2001 Construction of new head office

Patheon $ 5.01 2001 Plant expansion – formulation facility

Alcon $ 13.0 2000 Construction of new head office and manufacturing facility

Pharmacia $ 14.0 1998 New head office

GlaxoSmithKline $ 118.87 1997 Manufacturing & product development facility

Total Investment $ 538.65

Figure 5.2 V E N T U R E C A P I T A L I N V E S T M E N T S

Source: Canadian Venture Capital Association

Figure 5.3 V E N T U R E C A P I T A L I N V E S T M E N T S B Y P R O V I N C E

Source: Canadian Venture Capital Association

182113

295

87109196

365

217

582

358

161

519

666

525

1,191

842

1,091

249

#FinancingsYear 2000

#FinancingsYear 2001

#InvestmentsYear 2000

#InvestmentsYear 2001

$(mil)Year 2000

$(mil)Year 2001

BiotechnologyMedical/Health RelatedTotal Biomedical Industry

109278

502

32 681197 1013 63 81 45

286

726

2,028

774

433

956

25 54 53 122291

1,158

BritishColumbia

By Region

Alberta Saskatche-wan

Manitoba Ontario Quebec AtlanticCanada

ForeignCountries

# Financings 2001# Investments 2001Amount ($mil) 2001

Mississauga is a very positive environment to work and an excellent community forAstraZeneca Canada Inc.’s employees and their families.AstraZeneca Canada Inc.


Government Incentives• More than half of all Canadian research and

development takes place in Ontario

• Tax treatment of R&D in Ontario is one of

the most favorable in the world

• The Government of Ontario recognizes that

the job creation payoff from innovation and

research and development is substantial

• There is $700 million in federal funding

available over the next three years to

research-related programs

• The federal government’s 2001-2002 expen-

ditures on science and technology reached

$7.4 billion

• Federal rules allow a 100 per cent deduction

for current R&D expenditures and for capital

expenditures on R&D machinery and equip-

ment. In addition, federal tax rules provide a

20 per cent credit on qualifying current and

capital expenditures

• Ontario’s R&D Superallowance allows firms

to claim a further 25 to 35 per cent of expen-

ditures that qualify under federal tax regula-

tions as a deduction from income for

provincial tax purposes

• A Superallowance rate of 37.5 to 52.5 per cent

applies on R&D expenditures exceeding the

firm’s average R&D spending in the preced-

ing three taxation years

• There is a 10 per cent innovation tax credit

for small and medium-sized Canadian-con-

trolled private corporations performing R&D

in Ontario. This tax credit is refundable to

ensure that all small and medium-sized

firms, including start-ups, benefit from this

incentive

• Ontario tax measures are expected to sup-

port private-sector investments in R&D of

$3 billion

Complementary and Collaborative Industries• Over 22,000 businesses are located in

Mississauga

• Total employment is 386,750 for 2001 and a

forecasted annual growth of over 10,000

new positions

• Mississauga’s other major sectors are Infor-

mation Technology, Manufacturing, Finance,

Automotive and Aerospace

• Mississauga’s Information Technology Clus-

ter (MITC) has over 850 companies

• Mississauga is home to over 40 of the For-

tune 500 companies

• Mississauga has one of the highest concen-

trations of international companies in Canada

with over 1,100 companies including the fol-

lowing representation:

France - 19

Netherlands - 18

United Kingdom - 72

Germany - 78

Japan - 75

United States - 754

• In 2001, Mississauga surpassed the billion

dollar mark in building activity for the 5th

year in a row

• The total dollar value of building permits

issued for 2001 was $1.8 billion

• Mississauga’s industrial/commercial activity

in 2001 represented 32.4 per cent ($572 mil-

lion). Industrial permits issued totaled

$298.5 million and commercial permits

totaled $273.6 million

C. Product Pipeline and Services• A number of firms providing clinical trials

on behalf of Canadian, U.S. and overseas

firms to test the safety and effectiveness of

new drugs and in performing regulatory

work for submissions to the U.S. FDA and

Health Canada’s Therapeutic Products

Directorate (TPD) are located in Mississauga.

• There are over 80 Marketing & Communica-

tions firms in Mississauga

• Mississauga is home to one third of the

logistic companies in the GTA. Companies

in this industry include state-of-the-art com-

panies like Exel Logistics, Kuehne & Nagel,

Tech Data, Ryder, TNT Logistics, National

Logistics Services, PBB Global Logistics and

Supply Chain Management(SCM)

• Major distribution hub for the rest of Canada

and the North Eastern States

• Lester B. Pearson International Airport

(LBPIA), Canada’s largest airport, is located

in Mississauga

• Mississauga has an excellent network of

seven major highways and roads for fast and

convenient access to prime destinations in

Canada and the United States

• Mississauga and surrounding area research

centres are recognized by the United States

Food and Drug Administration


A. IT, The Catalyst for Biomedical GrowthInformation Technology (IT) has given the

biomedical and biotechnical industries the

super-computing potential to perform mira-

cles. Experts agree, the IT sector has been a

major catalyst for the biomedical sector

growth. From preventive medicine to the sur-

gical arena the relationship between the IT

sector and the Bio sector will continue to

advance every aspect of scientific discovery

and health care, reinventing the way health

care is accessed, delivered and reimbursed.

Like other industry sectors, biomedical

companies are automating many of their

administrative functions like purchasing sup-

plies, accounting processes and sharing and

accessing information. This has resulted in

increased overall effectiveness. This effective-

ness has allowed the small entrepreneurial

medical companies to compete effectively with

larger companies. The smaller companies can

compete because their manageable size allows

faster reaction to the market place and addi-

tional flexibility to meet those new demands.

These smaller entrepreneurial companies are

one of the key sources of sector growth.

The Internet has opened up new, better

and cheaper ways of communicating timely

information with the Bio sector market. With

the new Internet tools the Bio industries are

able to establish long-term customer relation-

ships, which enhances information exchange.

Certainly the data handling capabilities

that have been developed in cooperation with

the IT industries have been staggering in their

impact on scientific discovery. New sub sectors

and/or industries have emerged like bioinfor-

matics and genomics to meet the demand of

gene and protein research. Take for example

the sequencing of the human DNA. To give an

indication of the incredible amount of data

involved in this one mapping exercise, think


The IT Convergence

CHAPTER 6

GE Medical Systems Canada, headquartered in Mississauga, is a global leader in medicalimaging, interventional procedures, healthcare services, and information technology. It offers among other tools clinical information systems, patient monitoring systems,surgery and vascular imaging, conventional and digital X-ray, computed tomography,electron beam tomography, magnetic resonance, ultrasound and bone mineral densito-metry, positron emission tomography, nuclear medicine, and a comprehensive portfolioof clinical and business services.

of it this way. If the DNA from just one cell in

the human body is stretched to its full length,

it would measure six feet. If the entire DNA in

the human body is lined up end to end, it

would be long enough to stretch from earth to

the sun… and back again! Now imagine mod-

eling something of that size with a pad and

pencil. Manually, it would need several hun-

dred lifetimes to do the work. A mammoth

task, it was done in five years with the help of

super computers.

“Every institution that expects to be competi-

tive in this new era will need to have strengths

in high-throughput genomic analyses and

computational approaches to biology,” says

Francis Collins, director of the National

Human Genome Research Institute in

Bethesda, Maryland. (Nature Magazine)

Ewan Birney, of the European Bioinfor-

matics Institute (EBI) in Hinxton, near Cam-

bridge, England, identifies the need to transfer

the skills of his discipline to the wider biologi-

cal community as the single biggest challenge

ahead. He fears that many biologists risk being

“disenfranchised”. “Even a biologist doing

very directed experiments is not going to be

able to avoid large-scale data gathering and

analysis,” Birney predicts. (Nature Magazine)

Some of the expert predictions made for the

future of the IT convergence are:

• There will be a merging of the Environmen-

tal and Geosciences sector and the Energy

Technology and Resource Management

sector, including Geomatics

• There will be a new sector called Electronic

Manufacturing Services (EMS). Such activity

already exists but will become more sophisti-

cated and widespread as more and more

companies contract out their manufacturing

services. It will warrant the status of a sector

because companies engaged in it will be

required to perform significant R&D to

develop new manufacturing technologies

• Drug testing cost will be reduced through

the application of virtual drug testing

• Technology will enable the biomedical

industry to identify genetic markers of

specific diseases which is the first step to

developing new drugs and treatments

• Computer modeling is used to determine

medication efficacy and side effects

• Funding agencies and groups will start

providing what have been termed “glue”

grants which are designed to fund collabora-

tive groups of researchers that span many

disciplines

The IT sector has also benefited from its

growing relationship with the Bio sector.

The requirements of the Bio industries have

stretched the capabilities of IT and challenged

them to more creative exploration and possi-

bilities. For example, the concept of a biologi-

cal computer having far greater speed and

power potential from today’s silicone-based

technology. The whole field of miniaturization

has been advanced by its possible future appli-

cation to drug and therapy delivery.


Cedara Software Corp., headquartered in Mississauga, is a leading medical imaging software developer. Its imaging software is embedded in 30% of MRIs sold today. Cedera offers components and applications that address all modalities and aspects ofclinical workflow, including 3D imaging and advanced post-processing; volumetric ren-dering; disease-centric imaging solutions for cardiology; and streaming DICOM for web-enabled imaging. Cedara serves leading healthcare solution providers and has long-termrelationships with companies such as Cerner, GE, Hitachi, Philips, Siemens, and Toshiba.Cedara offers its OEM customers a rich array of end-to-end imaging solutions.

Another example of convergence resulting in

a new emerging industry is telemedicine. A

combination of biomedicine, telecommunica-

tions and information technology, telemedi-

cine provides clinical care at a distance. In

eliminating geographic boundaries, telemedi-

cine allows local talent to participate in a global

community; delivering high-quality health

care where none was available, educating

practitioners, and standardizing care around

the globe. It has the potential to deliver treat-

ment to wherever it is needed on the globe.

Of prime importance is telemedicine’s poten-

tial ability to decrease the cost of medical care.

Many experts consider telemedicine a key force

in the future of the health sciences.

Convergence has taken on an energy of its

own due to the dynamic and exciting relation-

ships it creates between industries, companies,

communities and individuals. The energy that

comes from the idea that anything is possible

will continue to power the advancements.

B. Mississauga’s Information Technology Cluster

The Mississauga Information Technology

Cluster (MITC) is an active participant in the

transformation of the Ontario, Canadian and

global Bio-markets.

The MITC consists of:

• 850 technology-based companies

• 187 companies with Canadian Head offices

in Mississauga

• over 31,000 people are employed in the Mis-

sissauga Information Technology Cluster

The City of Mississauga continues to be a

leader in the Information Technology Sector.

Here are just some of the many IT companies

in the City of Mississauga:

3Com

Acer America Corp

Amdahl

Certicom

CGI Information Systems

Data General Canada

Fujitsu Canada Inc

GE Capital Technologies

Hewlett-Packard Canada

Ingram Micro

Kasten Chase Applied Research

Microsoft Canada

NEC Canada

Nortel Networks

Oki Data Americas

Oracle Corporation

Packard Bell

SGI Canada

Softkey International

Sybase/Powersoft

Techdata


Oracle Corporation, with its Canadian head office in Mississauga, is the world’s largestenterprise software company.

Oracle provides the world’s leading life-sciences companies – biosciences, medicaldevice manufacturers and pharmaceutical firms – with an integrated, end-to-end information-management solution that both facilitates and simplifies complex busi-ness processes. From initial discovery, to development, to manufacturing, Oracle technology and applications enable life-sciences companies to collect, store and analyze data that, in turn, is used to facilitate research that leads to the design, development and delivery of new products to market quickly and cost-effectively. With more than 15 products spanning the entire Life Sciences value chain, Oracle isunique in its ability to address the needs of this rapidly expanding market.


Forecast2002-2006

The Bio industry is still a relatively young

industry, approximately 25 years in existence.

According to the report, Millennium in Motion,

by Ernst & Young, “there are more than 4,000

biotech firms worldwide. They employ more

than 200,000 people with sales in excess of

$25 billion last year. It is estimated that these

sales will increase four fold over the next

decade, as pharmaceutical companies rely

more on biotechnology for developing new

drugs to replace traditional pharmaceuticals”.

Source: Ernst & Young, Millennium in Motion,

June 2001

The Bio sector, within the City of Mississauga,

has experienced tremendous growth in the

past 11 years. Mississauga will continue this

phenomenal growth rate in the next five years,

as startups and existing companies relocating

will want to link and grow with the existing

dynamic cluster.

The number of companies in Missis-

sauga’s core biomedical sector is projected

to increase from 94 to 127 by the end of year

2006. The rest of the Bio sector will benefit

from the increase, and in turn will grow to

a strength of 540 companies, while employ-

ment within the Bio sector will cross the

24,000 mark.

A. Methodology Used for ForecastingTo forecast the future growth, year 1990 was

used as the base year and the percentage

growth for the period of 1995-2001.

As in the nature of all forecasts, there are many

other factors that have potential impact and

will effect this growth forecast. Factors such as:

• The value of the Canadian dollar

• The world economy

• International conflict

• Random health and epidemic issues

The merit of using additional historic data

was assessed, but it was decided the changing

nature of this sector negates the validity of

precedence beyond 5 years.


CHAPTER 7

1990 1995 2001 Forecast2006

Year

Bio CompaniesNumber of EmployeesCore Bio Companies

6,102 5594

127

540

421

278

14,102192

24,378

47

19,707

Figure 7.1

M I S S I S S A U G A ’ S B I O S E C T O R F O R E C A S T

Source: Mississauga Employment Database (Years 1990, 1995 & 2002)


The following describes the methodology used

to calculate the growth forecast within the City

of Mississauga.

Percentage Growth for the Period of 1995-2001

The following process was used to calculate

the percentage growth for the period of 1995-

2001 for the total Bio sector, core biomedical

companies and the total employment within

the Bio sector:

1. Calculated the percentage of growth between

1990-2001 and between 1990-1995 periods,

for each of the above categories.

2. Calculated the percentage of growth for

1995-2001 by subtracting the percentage

growth of the 1990-1995 period from the

percentage growth of the 1990-2001 period.

3. The percentage growth for 1995-2001 (six

years) was adjusted to a five-year period.

To forecast the growth in the number of com-

panies and the number of employees between

2002 and 2006, the five-year adjusted percen-

tage was multiplied by the year 1990 figures.

The total number of companies at the

end of 2006 was denoted by adding the fore-

casted growth for the period of 2002-2006 to

the year 2001 numbers.

B. Important Factors for Continued GrowthThe past decade has seen a tremendous in-

crease in the growth of the Bio sector within

the City of Mississauga. Most of this growth

has occurred in the last six years (1995-2001).

One of the most important factors accelerating

this growth is the evolving nature of the bio-

technology industry in general and the increase

in application of its numerous discoveries in

various industries. As more and more indus-

tries and people continue to understand the

benefits of biotechnology and use its products,

the market demand and profits will continue

to increase.

The City of Mississauga’s strong biotech-

nology and pharmaceutical cluster will continue

to attract new investments through relocations

to the city and/or expansions of existing

facilities within the city. The number of start-

up biotechnology companies locating within

the city is expected to increase exponentially.

The startup companies will be attracted to

Mississauga primarily due to the city’s strong

biotechnology research base and the University

of Toronto at Mississauga (UTM).

The global growth in the biotechnology

and pharmaceutical industries, coupled with

the growth of the core biomedical cluster in

the City of Mississauga, will boost the overall

growth of the entire Bio sector and the total

number of employees working within the sec-

tor in Mississauga.

In addition to the above influences, the

following factors will play a major role in the

Bio sector’s growth in Mississauga:

1. Continued Market GrowthContinued market growth, in terms of an

increase of the regional population is impor-

tant in attracting new investment to a region.

The increase in population creates more

demand, generates bigger profits and attracts

more investment. Increased market share and

larger profit motivates companies to discover

new products and/or better existing ones

through research and development investments.

• Mississauga is the sixth largest city in Cana-

da, and growing, with more than 624,000

people living here and employment totals

386,750. Over the next ten years the popula-

tion is expected to grow by 54,460 and a

forecasted employment growth of 10,000

people annually

• Mississauga is within a one-day drive of 164-

million Americans and has direct access to

North America’s biggest and richest market

of more than 360 million people

• Many Asian and European businesses have

made Mississauga and the Greater Toronto

Area (GTA) their gateway to the entire

NAFTA marketplace

• The GTA has enjoyed strong employment

growth recently. About 25 per cent of all new

jobs in Canada are created in the GTA

• The GTA’s population is expected to grow by

about 100,000 annually

The building activity report of the Economic

Development Office of the City of Mississauga

gives an indication of the huge growth that

Mississauga has achieved in the past 5 years.

Mississauga surpassed the billion-dollar mark

in building activity for the 5th year in a row.

The total dollar value of building permits

issued for 2001 was $1.8 billion. This is an

increase of 24 per cent over 2000 year-end

total of $1.4 billion and establishes 2001 as

the second highest year on record, exceeded

only by $1.88 billion in 1999.

2. Growth in Availability of Skilled LabourBeing research based, the biomedical sector

finds it crucial to be located near a highly skil-

led research and technical labour force. Locat-

ing in close proximity to a major university

with a medical and/or biomedical program and

within a biomedical cluster is seen as vital to

the development of a research-based company.

• Mississauga’s biomedical sector is the third

largest in Canada. Canadian head offices of

Amgen Canada Inc., AstraZeneca Canada

Inc., GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Hoffmann-La

Roche Limited, Hemosol Inc., and Biovail

Corporation International to name a few of

the 94 biotechnology, bio-pharmaceutical

and pharmaceutical companies are all located

here. Mississauga has over 400 biomedical

companies employing over 19,700 people

• The Bio sector located within the City of Mis-

sissauga benefits from its adjacent location to

the City of Toronto’s Bio sector. Comparable

in size as partners they comprise the biggest

Bio sector cluster in Canada and one of the

largest in North America providing opportu-

nities for companies to collaborate, share

facilities, and conduct research interaction

• Mississauga is located within driving distance

of 8 major universities and 10 technical

colleges. The University of Toronto at Mis-

sissauga (UTM) and other educational insti-

tutions continue to produce thousands of

research specialists, health care providers

and industrial technicians each year. Missis-

sauga is centrally located in close proximity

to world-renowned research centres

• The UTM was recently awarded a total of

$34.8 million to fund its expansion plans to

increase its current enrollment by 50 per cent

3. Continued Growth in Transportation Infrastructure

Biomedical manufacturing companies need to

ensure timely supply to take advantage of huge

demand for their products. As nations contin-

ue to see the benefits of free flow of goods

across their borders, new and bigger markets

continue to open and the necessary infrastruc-

ture needs to be in place to be able to change

and accommodate this new demand. Moreover,

as executives and staff travel around the world

for meetings and conferences, locating near

an international airport adds to convenience.

The City of Mississauga is the only city

within the Greater Toronto Area with seven

major highways traversing it. This vast net-

work of roads offers fast and convenient

access to prime destinations in Canada and

the United States.

The largest and the busiest airport in

Canada, The Lester B. Pearson International

Airport (LBPIA), is located in Mississauga and

handles one-third of all scheduled flights with-

in Canada, over half of Canada’s international

and U.S. traffic and more than 40 per cent of

Canada’s air cargo. The airport’s location is

especially convenient for those in Mississauga

who travel frequently or who use air cargo

shipments. Development projects estimated at

approximately $4.4 billion are currently in


Advantages of being located within the City of Mississauga: The head offices of many bigpharmaceutical companies are located within the Mississauga area known as “Pill Hill”.Amgen Canada Inc.

progress to expand the airport’s passenger

and cargo handling capacity.

Canada’s two principal railways, Canadi-

an National (CN) and Canadian Pacific (CP)

have main lines traversing Mississauga. This

provides substantial spur line/freight potential

as well as offering comfortable and convenient

commuter and regular passenger rail service

through GO Transit and Via Rail.

The existing and constantly growing

infrastructure of the City of Mississauga has

enabled it to accommodate and foster the

huge growth the city has experienced in the

past five years.

4. Continued Participation from Local,Provincial and Federal Governments

Local, Provincial and Federal governments’

active participation in Research and Develop-

ment (R&D) is very important to Bio compa-

nies. Participation in the form of R&D funding,

R&D tax incentives, protection of Intellectual

Property (IP) and developing relationships

between the business and education commu-

nities has been very important to R&D invest-

ment within Mississauga.

In the knowledge economy, the links

between economic success and education are

clear. Mississauga has recognized that the

availability of employees with the right skills

is the primary competitive economic develop-

ment factor in today’s global environment.

The City of Mississauga’s Economic Develop-

ment Advisory Council (EDAC), a group of

top business leaders, educators, and govern-

ment officials, has developed an action-oriented

strategy to establish a competitive advantage

for Mississauga by fostering business-educa-

tion partnerships that contribute to a superior

education climate and an internationally

successful business community. In keeping

with this goal, the City recently invested $3.5

million in support of the Communication,

Culture and Information Technology (CCIT)

program at the UTM campus and continues to

develop and increase existing partnerships

with various advisory groups and associations.

The Government of Ontario and the

Canadian Federal governments tax incentives

in R&D, makes R&D investment returns in

Mississauga and Ontario one of the most

favorable in the world. The federal government

has allocated $700 million over the next three

years to research-related programs. The federal

government’s 2001-2002 expenditures on

science and technology are at a record high

of $7.4 billion.

The Government of Ontario, through

funds such as the Ontario Research & Devel-

opment Challenge Fund and the Premier’s

Research Excellence Awards invests in R&D

that leads to job creation and economic devel-

opment. The funds, created in 1998, are

investing more than $575 million over 10 years

and encourages leading companies to collabo-

rate with the finest universities, hospitals and

other research institutions to build the knowl-

edge needed to compete in world markets and

create jobs.

It is clear that Mississauga, Ontario and

Canada are committed to leading edge innova-

tion for today and tomorrow.


Astra Zeneca Canada Inc. is proud to sponsor seven research chairs at Canada’s leading universities, including the University of Toronto, Mississauga Campus.AstraZeneca Canada Inc.

GTA, Ontarioand Canada

A. The Greater Toronto AreaThe Greater Toronto Area (GTA) – one of

North America’s largest centres of biomedical

activity is home to:

• More than 300 biomedical companies,

including global leaders like Amgen, Apotex,

AstraZeneca, Aventis Pasteur, Bayer, Baxter

Corporation, Biogen, Boehringer Ingleheim,

Biovail Corporation, Eli Lilly, GE Medical

Systems, Genzyme, GlaxoSmithKline, John-

son & Johnson, Novartis, Novopharm,

Patheon, Pharmacia, and Pfizer

• Internationally recognized educational

institutions like York University and the

University of Toronto – which houses North

America’s largest medical school

• World-renowned teaching hospitals like the

University Health Network, Ontario Cancer

Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children,

Mount Sinai Hospital, Sunnybrook and

Women’s College Health Sciences Centre,

St. Michael’s Hospital and Baycrest Hospital

• World-class research facilities like the Amgen

Institute, Hospital for Sick Children Research

Institute, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Insti-

tute, the University Health Network and

Centre for Addiction and Mental Health

Research

• The GTA has a microarray lab and robotics

facility, a large-scale protein production lab

and a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance suite

• The Canadian Biotechnology Education

Resource Centre located in the GTA is dedi-

cated to promoting awareness of biotechnol-

ogy as a potential career choice, addressing

education issues at the secondary and post-

secondary levels

• The new Centre for Image Guided Therapy,

at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto

will allow surgeons and radiologists to


Grea

ter

Toro

nto

Area

Mon

trea

l Met

ropo

litan

Are

a

Grea

ter

Vanc

ouve

r Ar

ea

Num

ber

of C

ompa

nies

Metropolitan Areas

319

214

115

Figure 8.1

D I S T R I B U T I O N O F C O R E B I O M E D I C A L C O M P A N I E S

I N C A N A D A ’ S T H R E E L A R G E S T

G R E A T E R M E T R O P O L I T A N A R E A S

Source: Contact Canada 2002 databases

CHAPTER 8

perform interventional and traditional proce-

dures simultaneously. The first in the world

of its kind, the centre contains four interven-

tional suites equipped with CT scanners,

ultrasound, fluoroscopy, laparoscopy,

endoscopy, lasers and operating microscopy

Recent GTA Announcements• In November of 2001, The Discovery District

Biotech Fund announced a $6 million dollar

venture investment fund

• Eli Lilly Canada and Mount Sinai Hospital

established a diabetes research program

• Bayer funded the Paediatric Haemostasis

Program at the Hospital for Sick Children

B. Ontario is the Heart of Canada’s Biomedical Industry

Ontario is located at the geographic centre of

North America, the perfect location to service

the world’s largest and richest market.

It also supports one of the most advanced

and dynamic economies in the world, with the

largest Canadian concentration of industries.

Ontario’s population is more than one-third of

Canada’s total and generates 40 per cent of

the gross national product.

Ontario is home to more than half of

Canada’s brand name pharmaceutical and

medical devices companies and almost half the

medical biotechnology industry. Ontario has

over 33,000 people working in the Biomedical

(biomed) industry. Ontario’s biomed industry

is recognized the world over for its expertise in

high-demand research areas from genomics/

proteomics to neuroscience, cancer to cardio-

vascular diseases, medical imaging, immunol-

ogy, and drug research and development.

Driving this growth are the province’s 17

universities (including North America’s largest

medical faculty at the University of Toronto)

with more than 17,000 graduates a year in

mathematics, engineering, sciences and health

professions. Other key factors supporting the

biomedical and biotechnical sectors are:

1. Highly educated workforce:

• Ontario produces more graduates per

capita in life sciences every year than most

U.S. states

• A highly educated biomedical workforce

clustered in five vibrant medical/academic

centres;

2. Competitive in terms of labour cost and

corporate taxes;

3. Has a sophisticated R&D infrastructure;

4. Has the largest number of multinational

operations in Canada;

5. A robust economy that grew an average of

4.2 per cent between 1995 and 2000;

6. A pro-business government committed to

promoting the biomedical industry; and

7. A strategic location right in the heart of the

world’s largest biomedical market

C. Canada, A World Leader in the Biotechnology Sector

Canada leads the world in biotechnology

(biotech) firms per capita and Canadian biotech

firms are second only to the U.S. in terms of

revenue, R&D and number of employees, and

is closely followed by the U.K.

Canada had 358 biotechnology firms in

1999 that generated revenues of more than $1.9

billion from activities directly related to biotech-

nology, according to data from the Biotechno-

logy Use and Development Survey – 1999.

Canada has three strong biotech hubs:

the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, and British

Columbia. Within these provinces, the cities

of Montreal (Quebec), Greater Toronto Area


Canada is the overall cost leader for 2002 with a cost index of 85.5, representing a 14.5 per cent cost advantage over the United States.Comparing Business Costs in North America, Europe and Japan (G7- 2002 Edition) KPMG

(including Mississauga), Ottawa, London

(Ontario), and Vancouver (British Columbia)

support significant university research and

hospital networks that are world-renowned for

their technology contributions.

The provinces of Manitoba and Saskat-

chewan are strong agricultural biotech (Ag-

Biotech) centres and have some sophisticated

Ag-Biotech companies.

The pharmaceutical industry is an impor-

tant contributor to the Canadian economy. It

accounts for 1 per cent of manufacturing

employment and 10 per cent of all industry

research and development (R&D). It is a com-

petitive, profitable sector with highly skilled

workers. The industry is also an integral part

of the health care system in Canada. Major

characteristics of the industry include the

developing and marketing of products that

have a strong consumer demand and an

increasing consumer base; keeping pace with

or outpacing its U.S. counterpart; being prof-

itable and R&D intensive; and using and

developing state-of-the-art technology.

At recent World Trade meetings in Doha,

Qatar, Canadian representatives supported

the reaffirmation of the Trade Related Aspects

of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and IP

standards. The implications of this will be

clarified in 2002 when the federal government

will be introducing an Innovation and Com-

petitiveness Agenda and consulting to review

the intellectual property (IP) regulations.

Quick Facts about Canada• Canada had 358 biotechnology firms in 1999

that generated revenues of more than

$1.9 billion from activities directly related to

biotechnology, according to data from the

Biotechnology Use and Development Survey

– 1999

• Canadian biotechnology firms demonstrated

growth in activities including revenues,

research and development, and imports and

exports. Revenues for 1999, a 25 per cent

increase over 1998 revenues, are expected to

more than double to $5 billion by 2002

• Biotechnology firms are active in exporting

biotechnology, with the value of exports

exceeding $700 million in 1999, growing to

almost $1.7 billion in 2001

• Firms are actively involved in the develop-

ment of new biotechnology products or

processes with about one-half of the over

17,000 products or processes currently in

development at the research and development

stage. Products range from environmental

products or processes to human health to the

human genome, and are being developed by

large and small firms across Canada

• Canada is the cost leader for Biomedical

R&D operation, with lower labour costs than

any other G7 country

RegulationsRegulations for the Bio industry come under

federal jurisdiction. Recent amendments to

the Food and Drug Regulations have reduced

the default approval time for review of applica-

tions supporting clinical trials from 60 days to

30 days. In addition, the targeted review time

for bioequivalence trials and Phase I trials in

health volunteers is 7 days (excluding trials for

somatic cell therapies, xenographs, gene ther-

apies, prophylactic vaccines or reproductive

and genetic technologies) and the no fault

period for clinical trials will be shorter than

30 days. Other changes are:

• Research Ethics Boards (REBs) were formally

defined and approval from a REB is required

prior to trials

• Investigational drugs must be manufactured,

handled and stored following the Good

Manufacturing Practice guidelines

• There is a new inspection program following

the principles of the Good Clinical Practice

(GCP) for clinical trials (Cantox Health

Sciences)

Recent National Announcements • The Stem Cell Genomics and Therapeutics

Network is receiving an investment of more

than $21 million from the federal govern-

ment as part of an initiative to launch four



new Networks of Centres of Excellence

• Genome Canada is making an investment

of $136 million to support 22 large-scale

research projects and technology platforms

at five Genome Centres across Canada,

where Genome B.C. will receive $35 million,

Genome Prairies $15 million, the Ontario

Genomics Institute $36 million, Genome

Quebec $40 million and Genome Atlantic

$10 million. All of the centres involve multi-

ple research sites

• Canada will be moving back into the fore-

front of global climate science with the help

of $5.1 million in funding by the Canadian

Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric

Sciences (CFCAS). The investment will be

spread out over a three-year period and pro-

vide funds to three network projects, as part

of an initiative by the Government of Canada

• In this year’s edition of the annual National

Science and Engineering Research Council

(NSERC) nationwide competition, 2,500

researchers in the natural sciences and engi-

neering are being awarded new funding or

equipment grants. The total amount of fund-

ing is $346 million, which will be spread

over the next five years.

In addition, $4.8 million will be invested

in 11 genomics research projects through

NSERC and Genome Canada

• At the end of 2000, there were 142 Canadian

Bio companies listed on NASDAQ, generat-

ing $3.04 billion in dollar volume on the

average trading day, which exceeds the totals

for any other Canadian exchange

• The Government of Canada, through the

NRC, recently announced that they will

jointly fund a new national research facility

that will be dedicated to the research and

development of nanotechnology, called the

National Institute for Nanotechnology (NIN)

Conclusion

The City of Mississauga’s Bio Sector began in

the 1960’s with one company and today it is

the third largest Bio Sector in Canada after

Montreal and Toronto. By joining the Bio sec-

tors of Mississauga and the City of Toronto,

the resulting Mississauga-Toronto Bio Sector

is the largest in Canada and one of the largest

in the world.

Over the last decade, the City of Missis-

sauga has seen tremendous growth in biotech-

nology, pharmaceuticals, biopharmaceuticals

and diagnostic companies. With a 100 per cent

increase, the total number of these companies

has jumped to 94 from 47. The number of

biotechnology companies has grown 590 per

cent from 1990 to 2001 with a total of 69

companies. The pharmaceutical, bio-pharma-

ceutical classification of companies has grown

75.8 per cent since 1990. Sixty two per cent of

Mississauga companies are in the under 20

employee range and 38 per cent or 158 compa-

nies are in the over 20 employee range. The

highest concentrations of companies are locat-

ed in the Northeast, Meadowvale Business

Park, Gateway, Western Business Park and

Airport Corporate planning districts.

Today, Mississauga’s total Bio Sector has

a total of 421 companies employing over

19,700. This level of employment represents a

223 per cent growth since 1990. The city has

the ability to attract, train and retain highly

skilled and educated workers. Our supply of

scientific and technical personnel is the result

of distinguished post secondary institutions

including the University of Toronto at Missis-

sauga (UTM) at the undergraduate, masters

and doctorate levels. The city continues to

establish cooperative links between business

and education through its Economic Develop-

ment Advisory Council. This group of business

leaders, educators and government officials

has developed an action-oriented strategy to

establish a competitive advantage for Missis-

sauga by fostering business education partner-

ships that contribute to a superior education

climate and an internationally successful busi-

ness community.

The future looks bright for the Bio sector

within the City of Mississauga. The biotech

industries worldwide sales are projected to

increase four fold in the next decade from $25

billion in year 2000. Since the industry is

expected to grow at such a substantial pace,

the already strong Bio sector of Mississauga

will also grow. A conservative projected

growth forecast for the end of 2006 will see

Mississauga’s Bio sector reach a strength of

540 companies, a growth rate of 28.3 per cent,

and employment within the Bio sector will top

the 24,000 mark.

According to Industry Canada and

KPMG’s Competitive Alternative Study 2002,

the most important factors contributing to the

success of a Bio cluster are a strong research


CHAPTER 9


infrastructure base, quality of technical per-

sonnel, overall cost of research, locating around

a cluster of bio-pharmaceutical firms, access

to markets and suppliers, government incen-

tives (attractive tax credits, grants), and land

and facility offerings. The factors for growth

are important, but the relationship between

these factors is the key to the dynamic processes

that result in a self-sustaining benefits cycle.

These relationships have been modeled illus-

trating the specific factor interdependence in

the Dynamic Growth Model for the BIO Sector.

Mississauga’s success in the development of

this sector is demonstrated in satisfying all

the requirements of the model.

Technology has given the biomedical and

biotechnical industries the super-computing

potential to perform miracles. Experts agree,

the IT sector has been a major catalyst for the

biomedical growth. From preventive medicine

to the surgical arena the convergence relation-

ship between the IT sector and the Bio sector

will continue to advance every aspect of scien-

tific discovery and healthcare, reinventing the

way health care is accessed, delivered and

reimbursed. Convergence has taken on an

energy of its own due to the dynamic and

exciting relationships it creates between

industries, companies, communities and indi-

viduals. The Mississauga Information Tech-

nology Cluster (MITC) is an active participant

in this transformation of the Ontario, Canadi-

an and global bio-markets. The MITC consists

of 850 technology-based companies, 187 com-

panies with Canadian Head offices in Missis-

sauga employing over 31,000.

The Greater Toronto area (GTA), one of

North America’s largest centres of biomedical

activity, is home to more than 300 biomedical

companies, internationally-recognized educa-

tional institutions like York University and the

University of Toronto – which houses North

America’s largest medical school. The GTA is

also world-renowned for its teaching hospitals

and world-class research facilities.

Ontario is home to more than half of

Canada’s brand name pharmaceutical and

medical devices companies and almost half

the medical biotechnology industry. Ontario

has over 33,000 people working in the bio-

medical industry. Ontario’s biomedical indus-

try is recognized the world over for its expertise

in high-demand research areas from genomics/

proteomics to neuroscience, cancer to cardio-

vascular diseases, medical imaging, immunol-

ogy, and drug research and development.

Canada leads the world in biotech firms

per capita and Canadian biotech firms are sec-

ond only to the U.S. in terms of revenue, R&D

and number of employees, and is closely fol-

lowed by the U.K. Canada had 358 biotechnol-

ogy firms in 1999 that generated revenues of

more than $1.9 billion from activities directly

related to biotechnology, according to data

from the Biotechnology Use and Development

Survey -1999.

Mississauga, as Canada’s 6th largest city,

has seen incredible growth of its Bio Sector

during the last decade and this growth will

continue. Through the commitment, dedica-

tion and excellence of our companies and

their people, Mississauga will continue work-

ing on the leading edge of innovation for an

improved quality of life for all.

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Mississauga Bio Company Profiles


A. Mississauga’s Top 25 Bio Companies by Employment

Abbott Laboratories Ltd.

Alcon Canada Inc.

AltiMed Pharmaceutical Company

Amgen Canada Inc.

AstraZeneca Canada Inc.

Baxter Corporation

Bio-Rad Laboratories (Canada) Ltd.

Biovail Corporation International

Block Drug Company (Canada) Limited

Bodycote Ortech Inc.

Carter-Horner Inc.

Contract Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Dade Behring Canada Inc.

GlaxoSmithKline Inc.

Hemosol Inc.

Hoffmann-La Roche Limited

Monsanto Canada Inc.

Novartis Consumer Health Canada Inc.

Novo Nordisk Canada Inc.

NPS Pharmaceuticals

Parke-Davis Research Institute

Patheon Inc.

Pharmacia Corporation

Searle Canada

Whitehall-Robins Inc.

B. Mississauga Bio Company ProfilesThe following pages feature company profiles from some of the many successful Bio companies

in Mississauga.

APPENDIX B


Agilent Technologies Canada Inc:

Agilent Technologies Canada Inc. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Agilent Technologies, based in Palo

Alto, California. Agilent Canada with its head office in Mississauga operates sales, services and support

offices across Canada including an R&D operation in Burnaby, B.C.

Agilent Technologies Inc. (NYSE: A) is a global technology leader in communications, electronics

and life sciences. The company’s 39,000 employees serve customers in more than 120 countries.

Agilent had net revenue of $8.4 billion in fiscal year 2001. Information about Agilent is available on

the Web at www.agilent.com.

Some of our accomplishments at Agilent have included:• our separation from HP and establishing a new (separate) head office in new custom built building

• operating as separate entity with record sales during first year of business

• organizing an Open House in Feb. 2001 (customers, government officials, suppliers, vendors, press)

• contributing to our community through our United Way Employee Campaign; supporting high

school co-op and

• hosting numerous customer training sessions on-site

Our choice in Mississauga as head office includes its proximity to:• the airport and major high tech customers and the HP building where many/majority of employees

were from

• represents the community in which are employees live in and or are close to

• multi-cultural area to draw highly skilled employees

• proximity to universities and colleges

• infrastructure and facilities conducive to “best place to work” (tennis courts, walking areas, restaurants)

• various commuting options - 401, 403, 407, 427 etc., public transit

• road access important for sales and service calls

Source: Agilent Technologies Canada Inc


Amgen Canada Inc.

Amgen Canada Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Amgen Inc., was incorporated on February 15, 1991

under the Ontario Business Development Corporations Act.

Amgen Inc., pioneers in recombinant DNA technology, is the world’s largest biotechnology com-

pany. Therapeutic focus is in the areas of Oncology, Nephrology, Rheumatology and Neurology, using

proteins, monoclonal anti-bodies and small molecules.

Amgen Canada Inc. employs 122 staff. We currently market two products - Neupogen® and Stem-

gen™ - both utilized as an adjunct to chemotherapy. We are awaiting regulatory approval of two other

very important products: Aranesp™ used in the treatment of anemia and Kineret™ used for the treat-

ment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Mission Statement:We aspire to be the best human therapeutics company, using science and innovation to dramatically

improve people’s lives.

Major Achievements:• Top decile Research & Development Investment (comprising Basic, Pre-Clinical and Clinical

Research) as a % of Sales

• In addition to the significant benefits for which Neupogen® was approved, expanding its therapeutic

use to include patients with leukemia, chronic neutropenia and HIV infection

• Providing an alternative to painful bone marrow transplants through the utilization of Stemgen™

• Consistent double digit Sales growth since inception

Advantages of being located within the City of Mississauga:• The head offices of many Big Pharmaceutical Companies are located within the Mississauga area

known as “Pill Hill”

- A large, well educated pool of talent in the Mississauga and surrounding areas

- The availability of transportation and other services, including the Airport

- A reasonable Tax Levy

Source: Amgen Canada Inc.



AstraZeneca, one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world, is a research-oriented company

committed to innovation and dedicated to improving the health and quality of life for Canadians.

Worldwide, AstraZeneca employs more than 50,000 people in 150 countries.

AstraZeneca Canada Inc., led by President and CEO Gerry McDole, employs over 1,450 people

across Canada. The company’s head office complex, located in Mississauga, Ontario, houses more than

850 employees working in manufacturing, administration, clinical research, sales, marketing, and dis-

tribution. In addition, more than 100 dedicated and highly skilled scientists work at AstraZeneca’s

state-of-the-art pre-clinical research centre in Montreal.

The Globe and Mail’s Report on Business Magazine recently ranked AstraZeneca Canada Inc. as

one of the top 50 employers in Canada.

AstraZeneca Canada Inc.’s extensive product portfolio spans over seven therapeutic areas including

gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, oncology, pain control, respiratory, central nervous system and infec-

tion. Their success ratio in bringing new products to market is among the best in the pharmaceutical

industry. AstraZeneca’s brands include Symbicort®, Nexium®, Losec®, Atacand®, Casodex®, Arimidex®,

Pulmicort®, Zomig® and Seroquel®.

Much of AstraZeneca Canada Inc.’s success in becoming a leader in the pharmaceutical industry

has been achieved by their outstanding commitment to research. Worldwide, the company invests

US$10 million every working day on research and development, totaling US$2.4 billion per year. In

Canada, AstraZeneca invests more than $1.6 million each week on the pursuit of new therapies.

AstraZeneca Canada Inc.’s mission is to deliver innovative products and customer solutions to

meet medical needs, improve quality of life, and generate value for all of their stakeholders. Also, to be

a leading company by providing a workplace where employees excel and business objectives are consis-

tently delivered.

AstraZeneca Canada Inc. is proud to sponsor seven research chairs at Canada’s leading universi-

ties, including University of Toronto, Mississauga Campus.

Being located in Mississauga is very important to AstraZeneca Canada Inc. It allows for easy access

to the only university in Canada that offers a master of biotechnology program, which is the Mississauga

campus of the University of Toronto. AstraZeneca Canada Inc. also sponsors a seminar series with this

program and offers scholarships. The support of our mayor, Hazel McCallion, is also a significant

advantage to being located in Mississauga. Mississauga is a very positive environment to work and an

excellent community for AstraZeneca Canada Inc.’s employees and their families.

In their business practices, AstraZeneca Canada Inc. seeks to create value for customers, employees

and the communities in which they do business. By forging new standards in therapy and establishing

new industry benchmarks that improve the health of Canadians, AstraZeneca Canada Inc.’s goal is to

become the pre-eminent pharmaceutical company.

For more information about AstraZeneca Canada Inc., visit their web site at www.astrazeneca.ca.

Source: AstraZeneca Canada Inc.


Baxter Corporation

For more than sixty years, Baxter Corporation has been a major presence in the Canadian health care

community. At any given moment in hospitals, clinics or homes across the country, Baxter’s medical

products and services are improving and saving people’s lives. Premature infants receive vital medica-

tions and nutrients from Baxter’s intravenous solutions and infusion pumps; trauma victims receive

lifesaving blood and blood components that have been collected and processed with Baxter’s storage

and separation systems; kidney disease patients live vital, active lives with Baxter's leading dialysis ther-

apies and individuals with inherited blood disorders, like hemophilia, can live longer, healthier lives

using Baxter’s therapeutic blood proteins.

First incorporated in 1937 as Baxter Laboratories of Canada. Today, the company employs nearly

one thousand people across Canada. The Canadian headquarters is located in Mississauga, Ontario.

Award winning manufacturing facilities are located in Alliston, Ontario and Sherbrooke, Quebec. As

part of a recent acquisition, Baxter now has manufacturing facilities in Calgary, Alberta.

Baxter Corporation Fact Sheet• Baxter Corporation is the Canadian subsidiary of Baxter International Inc., a global medical products

and services company that focuses on providing critical therapies to people with life threatening con-

ditions. Baxter has been active in Canada for over 60 years.

• Three Core Businesses – Renal, Medication Delivery and BioScience

• Baxter Corporation employs close to 1000 people with sales for Baxter Corporation in 2001 of

$384 million CDN.

• Head office is located in Mississauga, Ontario.

• 600 employees work in the company’s three manufacturing plants located in Alliston, Ontario,

Sherbrooke, Quebec and Calgary, Alberta.

• Baxter Corporation President is Barb Leavitt.

Baxter International Inc.• Baxter International Inc. employs approximately 48,000 team members worldwide.

• Baxter International Inc. sales in 2001 were $7.7 billion U.S.

• Baxter International Inc. invests over $1 million each day in research and development.

• Baxter International Inc. has over 250 facilities in 110 countries, including 50 manufacturing

facilities in 20 countries. Baxter products are used in 112 countries.

• Corporate headquarters are located in Deerfield, Illinois.

• Chairman and CEO is Harry M. Jansen Kraemer, Jr.

Source: Baxter Corporation


Biovail Corporation

Biovail Corporation is an international, fully-integrated pharmaceutical company with special capabili-

ties in the development, manufacture, sale and marketing of branded pharmaceutical products. Build-

ing on the Company’s strengths in the development of drugs utilizing advanced controlled-release and

FlashDose technologies, the Company’s primary business strategy is to expand its sales and marketing

presence in the United States and Canada and to support the commercialization of its product develop-

ment pipeline. Biovail intends to complement the commercialization of its product development

pipeline through the acquisition of established pharmaceutical products and the in-licensing of products

in earlier stages of development from third parties.

Source: Biovial Corporation


Cangene Corporation

Cangene is one of Canada’s most profitable and fastest growing biopharmaceutical companies. It is a

fully-integrated specialty biopharmaceutical company with international product sales and a growing

contract manufacturing business. The Company’s research and development efforts have produced a

solid pipeline of late-stage products.

Diversified revenue streams from product sales, contract manufacturing, and a research and

development contract contribute to positive EBITDA and make Cangene one of the few profitable com-

panies in the biotech/pharmaceutical sector. Cangene believes its portfolio of profitable and emerging

products offers investors a balance of financial stability and growth potential.

Cangene’s first products to market were hyperimmunes: highly purified antibody preparations

that are used therapeutically. Its lead product WinRho SDF™, an antibody to certain red blood cells,

generated more than $30 million in sales during 2001. Its second product, an antibody to the chicken

pox virus, has been approved in Canada for preventing chicken pox during pregnancy.

The Company built on its proven expertise in manufacturing and marketing hyperimmune prod-

ucts, and expanded into a new and growing business providing validated manufacturing services for

the biotech and pharmaceutical industries. Its Chesapeake Biological Laboratories division was recently

awarded a role in the U.S. government contract to manufacture 155 million doses of smallpox vaccine.

Cangene is also an early participant in the next biopharmaceutical growth area – multisource or

“generic” biologics. Its development of such products is funded by a $55-million agreement with Apo-

tex Inc., a private Canadian generic drug company.

Cangene has been listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange since 1991 under the symbol CNJ. Addi-

tional company information can be found at www.cangene.com. Cangene has facilities in Mississauga,

close to Lester B. Pearson International Airport, and in Winnipeg, Maryland, California and Florida.

Source: Cangene Corporation



People and FacilitiesGlaxoSmithKline Inc. – formed in December 2000 as a result of the merger of Glaxo Wellcome and

SmithKline Beecham – is part of U.K. based GlaxoSmithKline plc, one of the world’s leading research

based pharmaceutical and healthcare companies.

Committed to improving the quality of human life by enabling people to do more, feel better and

live longer, GlaxoSmithKline employs approximately 1,800 people who work to discover, develop, man-

ufacture and market medicines in Canada.

The $250 million Canadian headquarters of GlaxoSmithKline are located in Mississauga, Ontario,

with Regional business offices located in Halifax, Ottawa, Winnipeg, Calgary and Vancouver. In 2000,

$10 million was invested in Quebec to relocate the company’s Bureau d’affaires du Quebec to a larger

facility, ensuring a strong, long-term presence in the Province.

Key Therapeutic AreasGlaxoSmithKline maintains a dominant position in four major therapeutic areas: respiratory, central

nervous system, anti-infectives and gastro-intestinal/metabolic. The company is also a leader in the

increasingly important area of vaccines, such as Hepatitis A and B. GlaxoSmithKline’s medicines treat:

• Allergy

• Asthma

• Cancer

• Cardiovascular disorders

• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

• Depression

• Diabetes

Research & DevelopmentGlaxoSmithKline has a significant research & development (R&D) capability, encompassing the appli-

cation of genetics, genomics and other leading edge technologies. The company is one of the top 20

investors in Canadian R&D, contributing more than $100 million annually. As part of this commitment,

more than 200 clinical studies are conducted annually across the country, involving some 40,000

patients and 3,000 physicians.

GlaxoSmithKline’s $10 million Pathfinders Fund for Leaders in Canadian Health Science Research

was established to help Canada become a world leader in R&D. The central goal of the fund is to estab-

lish research positions in every medical school across the country, providing opportunities for Canada’s

talented scientists and researchers.

ManufacturingGlaxoSmithKline has extensive manufacturing capabilities in Canada. The company produces more

than 100 medicines and 20 million units annually at its $120 million, state-of-the-art product develop-

ment and manufacturing facility located in Mississauga, Ontario.

Community InvestmentThe company is also one of the top 10 corporate charitable donors in Canada, contributing more than

$6.5 million annually.

Source: GlaxoSmithKline Inc.

• Epilepsy

• Gastrointestinal disorders

• Herpes

• HIV/AIDS

• Infections

• Migraine

• Parkinson’s Disease


Hemosol Inc.

Hemosol Inc. is an integrated biopharmaceutical company developing innovative life sustaining thera-

pies, used initially for the treatment of acute anemia.

The Company’s immediate focus is on the development and successful commercialization of its

first product Hemolink™ (hemoglobin raffimer). Hemosol is also furthering the development of its

multi-product pipeline based on proprietary hemoglobin modification and cell expansion technologies.

Mission Statement:To become a profitable, biopharmaceutical company with an international reputation for integrity and

innovation with products that promote the well-being of patients.

About Hemolink™ (hemoglobin raffimer)Hemolink™ is a life-sustaining therapeutic, designed to deliver oxygen immediately, effectively and

safely to the body’s tissues and organs. Hemolink™ is a leader in an emerging new class of pharmaceu-

ticals called oxygen therapeutics that reflect a new approach to the treatment of patients suffering from

acute anemia.

Hemosol’s has recently built a new 120,000 square foot production facility in Mississauga. Occu-

pancy of offices and labs occurred in December 2001 and installation of process equipment is expected

to be completed by the middle of 2002 with validation in early 2003. The $90 million facility, which

currently employs 250 staff, will have an initial production capacity of 200,000 units of Hemolink™

[hemoglobin raffimer] per year, has been designed to readily allow an increase in production capacity to

300,000 units per year. The manufacturing facility has further potential for expansion to a production

capacity of 600,000 units per year.

Achievements Include:• Amended the Company’s US Clinical program for Hemolink™ to include:

Two cardiac bypass grafting surgery trials (primary and “re-do”) plus two additional studies

(chemotherapy-induced anemia and general surgery)

• Established a global regulatory strategy, seeking approvals to market Hemolink™ in key markets

• Continued development of Meadowpine, the Company’s commercial scale production facility for the

oxygen therapeutic Hemolink™

• Initial annual capacity of 300,000 units

• Successfully listed common shares on NASDAQ

• Funds raised: C$109 million

• March 26, 2002: Received clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to begin a

Phase II clinical trial of Hemolink(TM) (hemoglobin raffimer), as a treatment for chemotherapy-

induced anemia.

• April 11, 2002: Received clearance from Health Canada to include Canadian sites to participate in the

clinical trials of Hemolink(TM) (hemoglobin raffimer) in primary and “re-do” coronary artery bypass

grafting (CABG) surgery, currently underway in the United States and the UK.

“Mississauga offers us a strategic location in the heart of the world’s largest biotech market. That,

together with the highly skilled workforce, will continue to play a important part in our success.”

Lee Hartwell, Chief Financial Officer and Vice President, Corporate Development, Hemosol

Source: Hemosol Inc.



Who We Are• Hoffmann-La Roche Limited, also known as Roche, is one of world’s leading health care companies

with a global perspective on research, drug development and marketing.

• Roche is distinct from other pharmaceutical companies by its ability to offer integrated healthcare

solutions to customers through the combined efforts of its pharmaceutical and diagnostic divisions.

• Celebrating more than 70 years of business in Canada, Roche employs more than 685 people across

the country.

• Roche has two head offices, one for its pharmaceutical division in Mississauga Ontario, and one for

its diagnostic division in Laval, Quebec.

• These employees account for a total of more than $52 million in salaries.

• In Canada in 2001, Roche invested more than $14 million in research and development. This research

included clinical research, clinical trials and genetic research.

What We Do• Roche concentrates its efforts in seven core therapeutic areas and is known for its expertise in hospi-

tal markets. These seven areas include oncology, virology, cardiology, obesity, transplantation,

dermatology and influenza.

• Over the past three years, Roche has launched six new products – TNKase, Xenical, Tamiflu, Her-

ceptin, Rituxan and Xeloda. The company’s work in oncology has made them one of the recognized

leaders in this field.

• Roche currently has 163 projects in research, with a further 70 projects (including 35 different molec-

ular entities) in development. Products in the pipeline include therapies for hepatitis, oncology, AIDS

and heart disease.

• Roche was at the forefront of biotechnology innovation when in 1990 it established a relationship

with Genentech, one of the most successful pioneers in biotechnology in the United States. This

relationship has enabled Roche to bring forward new genetic therapies for breast cancer and non-

Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

• Innovation in Roche’s diagnostics division has resulted in Nobel Prize winning, Polymerase Chain

Reaction (PCR) technology, which allows genetic material to be replicated in a test tube. Roche diag-

nostics has also led the way for innovations in testing and monitoring for diabetes and screening

for viruses.

Community Contributions • In 2001, Roche gave approximately $5 million to universities, patient associations and other charitable

organizations in Canada.

www.roche.com

Source: Hoffmann-La Roche Limited


NPS Pharmaceuticals

NPS Pharmaceuticals was founded in 1986 and is engaged in the discovery and development of novel,

small molecule drugs and recombinant peptides that address a variety of important diseases.

Early drug discovery work at NPS was based on the extraction and exploration of components of

venom from spiders, scorpions, and centipedes. The Company established collaborative relationships

with Pfizer, Inc. in 1987 and with FMC Corporation in 1988 to expand its innovative research. In 1992,

NPS completed two rounds of venture capital funding followed by an initial public offering of stock in

1994. Additional funding was provided by collaborative agreements with GlaxoSmithKline in 1993, the

Pharmaceutical Division of Kirin Brewery Company, Ltd. of Tokyo in 1995, and Amgen Inc. in 1996.

NPS also completed secondary public offerings of stock in 1996 and 2000, and a private offering of

stock in 2000. In December 1999, NPS Pharmaceuticals and Allelix Biopharmaceuticals Inc. of Toron-

to, Canada merged. NPS currently has operations in the U.S. and Canada.

NPS has a deep pipeline of preclinical and late-stage clinical programs involving recombinant

peptides and small molecules that address a variety of important human diseases. Clinical candidates

are being advanced both by the Company and by its corporate partners. Partnered programs include:

calcimimetics for treating primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism with Amgen and Kirin; calcilyt-

ics for treating osteoporosis with GlaxoSmithKline; ALX-0646 for treating migraine with Forest; and

agonists or antagonists of metabotropic glutamate receptors for treating neurological and psychiatric

conditions with AstraZeneca. Technology related to excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor antagonists

for treating pain, and to glycine reuptake inhibitors for treating schizophrenia has been licensed to Eli

Lilly and Janssen, respectively. Proprietary programs include: Preos™ (recombinant human parathyroid

hormone) for treating osteoporosis, ALX-0600 for treating gastrointestinal disorders, NPS 1776 for

treating epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and migraine, and compounds active at calcium receptors for treat-

ing diseases such as diabetes.

Source: NPS Pharmaceuticals


Patheon

Patheon is a leading global provider of drug development and manufacturing services to the interna-

tional pharmaceutical industry. Headquartered in Mississauga, Ontario, Patheon owns and operates six

facilities in Canada and four in Europe (in Monza, Italy; Ferentino, Italy; Swindon, UK and Bourgoin-

Jallieu, France), employing more than 2,700 people.

Patheon recently completed a $5.1 million expansion to its Mississauga site that includes a 14,500

sq. ft. development laboratory capable of housing more than 50 additional scientists and equipment.

The new laboratory supports the continuing growth of their Pharmaceutical Development Services

(PDS) business, which provides dosage form development services for pharmaceutical and biotechnol-

ogy companies. A further 32,500 sq. ft. of the expansion is warehouse, nearly tripling the site’s existing

warehousing capacity, which is utilized to support Patheon’s growing commercial manufacturing busi-

ness. Patheon also added an additional 8,500 sq. ft. dedicated formulation development facility to the

same Mississauga site in April of 2001.

www.patheon.com

Source: Patheon



At Pharmacia Canada, we are passionate in our pursuit of new medicines and treatments to improve

health and wellness.

We are part of the worldwide Pharmacia Corporation, one of the fastest-growing in the pharma-

ceutical industry, a company with a robust product portfolio, and an innovative research and develop-

ment program.

In Canada, Pharmacia ranks among the top ten research-based pharmaceutical companies. Our

research and development initiatives are focused on key therapeutic areas such as arthritis, cancer,

glaucoma, infectious disease, women’s health and urology. These efforts are yielding fresh insight into

ailments that affect millions of Canadians, and are resulting in exciting new and potential treatments.

While improving the health of individual Canadians, we at Pharmacia Canada are also committed

to a healthy industry and society. Through innovative partnerships, we connect with hospitals, research

centres, universities, and disease organizations, helping to maintain a vibrant medical science commu-

nity. In the community at large, our company and people contribute by being active in charitable

activities.

The benefits of past Pharmacia discoveries are being enjoyed today by patients across Canada and

around the world. Future discoveries will help us avoid or treat illnesses that are today untreatable. At

Pharmacia Canada, we value our dedicated employees, and their ideas and contributions to improving

health. We value the people who trust our products. We value the idea of wellness. And we value dis-

covery… and invest in it every day.

Pharmacia Canada employs approximately 700 people and has its headquarters in Mississauga,

Ontario.

Source: Pharmacia Canada


YM BioSciences

A Canadian life sciences company incorporated in 1994, YM BioSciences (YMB) commercializes inno-

vative and original cancer research. YMB does not conduct discovery research, but rather gains access

to its products through partnerships with biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, as well as with

academic institutions. Through its own team of clinical, regulatory, and business development execu-

tives, as well as through an extensive global network of external collaborators, the company performs a

number of functions required to advance product candidates through the drug development process.

Clinical research organizations (CRO) are selectively used when needed. The company’s primary objec-

tive is to advance its oncology products toward regulatory acceptance.

YMB has nine oncology products in its portfolio at various stages of development. The three most

advanced products are Tesmilifene, that has completed one Phase III trial in metastatic breast cancer

and is currently in a Phase II trial in prostate cancer; TheraCIM, that is in two Phase II trials, one in

head and neck cancer and one in brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer; and our EGF Can-

cer Vaccine which is also in a Phase II trial in non-small cell lung cancer.

The Mississauga area is home to a number of biotechnology companies creating a compatible and

recognized biotech community, which continues to attract other biotechnology companies. With its

ever expanding industrial park areas, office accommodation is readily available at reasonable rates. Our

particular location is close to the major highways (Hwy. 401 and 427) making it easy access for both

employees and visitors. In addition, being 5 minutes from Pearson International Airport is a conven-

ience appreciated by our executives who travel regularly and for any out-of-town visitors.

Source: YM BioSciences

MississaugaBio CompanyIndex


Core Biomedical Companies

AMEC Earth & Environmental

Abbott Laboratories Ltd.

Agilent Technologies Canada Inc.

Agouron Pharmaceuticals

Canada Inc.

Alcon Canada Inc.

Allergy Therapeutic Canada Ltd.

Allied Clinical Research Inc.

Alpharma Inc.

AltiMed Pharmaceutical Company

Amgen Canada Inc.


BD BioSciences

Base 4 Inc.

Baxter Corporation

Beckman Coulter Canada Inc.

Berna Products Corp.

Bio/Can Scientific Inc.

Biogen Canada Inc.

Bio-Rad Laboratories (Canada) Ltd.

BioSci Research Canada Ltd.

Biovail Corporation International

Block Drug Company

(Canada) Limited

Bodycote Ortech Inc.

Bremancos Diagnostics Inc.

Bristol Myers Squibb

Buckley, W.K. Limited

Cambridge Materials Testing

Limited

Canadian Medical Laboratories Ltd.

Cangene Corporation

Carter-Horner Inc.

Cipher Pharmaceuticals

Clinimetrics Research

Associates Inc.

Contract Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Crystaal

Dade Behring Canada Inc.

Dako Diagnostics Canada Inc.

Delex Therapeutics Inc.

Dental Concepts Laboratory Ltd.

Dermik Canada

Diagnostix Inc.

Draeger Canada Ltd.

Draxis Health Inc.

Endpoint Research Ltd.

Fona Diagnostics International Inc.

GenSci Regeneration Sciences Inc.

Genzyme Canada Inc.


Hemosol Inc.

Hill Dermaceuticals Inc.


Intellipharmaceutics

Lorne Park Research Inc.

MDS Laboratories

MTRA/AAI International

MUI Scientific

Maxxam Analytics Inc.

Medis Health & Pharmaceutical

Services Limited

Merck Frosst Canada Inc.

Micro-Chem Laboratory Inc.

Monsanto Canada Inc.

New England Biolabs Ltd.

NoAb Diagnostics

Novartis Animal Health Centre

Novartis Consumer Health

Canada Inc.

Novo Nordisk Canada Inc.

NPS Pharmaceuticals

Oryx Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Parexel International

Parke-Davis Research Institute

Patheon Inc.

Pharma Medica


Qiagen Inc.

Randox Laboratories Canada Ltd.

SGS Pharmaceutical Laboratories

SKW Biosystems Inc. (Canada)

SangStat Canada Ltd.

Seaford Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Searle Canada

Symmetry Canada Ltd.

Syn-x Pharma Inc.

Thermo Instruments (Canada) Inc.

Toxin Alert Inc.

Tracon Industries Corp.

Transition Therapeutics Inc.

University of Toronto at

Mississauga

Vasogen Inc.

Vita Health Products Inc.

Welch Allyn Canada Ltd.

Whitehall-Robins Inc.

Xenex Laboratories Inc.

YM BioSciences Inc.

Yes Biotech Laboratories Limited

Bio Sector Supporting Companies

3 M Canada Company

ACG Technology Ltd.

AK Engineering Services

APX Scientific Instruments Inc.

Acart Equipment Ltd.

Accuplus

Accu-Tech Dental Lab Ltd.

Acme Chemicals &

Technologies Ltd.

Advanced Drug & Alcohol

Management (ADAM) Inc.

Advanced Orthotic Designs Inc.

Advantage Claims Management

Advantage Health Care

Packaging Ltd.

APPENDIX C


Agra-Earth & Environmental

Limited

Aim Instrumentation Ontario Inc.

Akuna Health Products Inc.

Aladdin Temp-Rite Canada, Inc.

ALARIS Medical Canada Ltd.

Alcohol Countermeasure

Systems Corp.

Allan Crawford Associates Ltd.

All-Can Medical Inc.

Alternative Dental Services

Anachemia Science

An-Dell Electric Limited

Aorta Dental Laboratories

Incorporated

Applied Consumer & Clinical

Evaluations Inc.

Appolo Machine Tool Ltd.

Ardent Laboratories Ltd.

Arjo Canada Inc.

Art Woodwork

Auto Control Medical Inc.

Axis Eyewear Inc.

BA Consultant Services Inc.

BCE Emergis Inc.

BCLX-Ray Canada Inc.

BOC Canada Limited

BPL North America Ltd.

Bard Canada, Inc.

Bausch & Lomb Surgical

Baylis Medical Co. Inc.

Belco Safety Products Ltd.

Belvedere International Inc.

Benecaid Health Benefit

Solutions Inc.

Bio Phase Diagnostic Laboratories

Bioscience Communications

Blistex Ltd.

Boston Scientific Ltd.

Bracco Diagnostics Canada Inc.

Braun Canada Ltd.

Brinkmann Instruments

Canada Ltd.

Burgener Research Inc.

CCE Canada Commercial

Exchange Inc.

CES Clinical Engineering Solutions

CIFRA Medical Inc.

Canada Optix Corporation Inc.

Canadian Hospital Specialties Ltd.

Canadian Medical Brush Inc.

Canadian Pharmaceutical

Distribution Network Inc.

Canberra Packard Canada Ltd.

Candent Inc.

Canix Sterilizer Inc.

Cantox Environmental Inc.

Carlton Life Support

Technologies Ltd.

Carmichael Engineering Ltd.

Cascade National Labs Canada Inc.

CCE Medical Equipment

Cecor Inc.

Cedara Software Corp.

Centura Brands Inc.

Chattem (Canada) Inc.

Choisy Product & Technologies Ltd.

Christie Group Ltd.

Christmas Natural Foods Ltd.

Ciba Specialty Chemicals

Canada Inc.

CIBA Vision Canada Inc.

Claimsecure

Clark Medical Products Inc.

Clinical Orthotic Consultants Inc.

Colgate-Palmolive Canada Inc.

Coll Health & Safety Inc.

Coloplast Canada Corporation

Crombie, Kennedy Nasmark Inc.

Custom Orthotic Design Group Ltd.

Cymat Technologies Inc.

DSA Consultant Services

Dainolite Ltd.

Dass Enterprises Inc.

Datex-Ohmeda (Canada) Inc.

Delta Scientific Laboratory

Products Ltd.

Det Norske Veritas (Canada) Ltd.

Diamed Lab Supplies Inc.

Dictaphone Canada (1995) Inc.

Dilan Clinical Packaging Limited

Diversicare Canada Management

Services Co., Inc.

Dorman, Thomas & Associates Inc.

Dotmar Athletics Inc.

Dunbar Medical

ESI Canada Inc.

Eco-Med Pharmaceutical Inc.

Elastocraft Ltd.

Elastotire Corp.

Elec Western Medical Devices Ltd.

Electro Rent Corporation

Electro-Medical Instrument Co.

Eurolabs Canada Ltd.

Exploranium G.S. Ltd.

Exquisite Dental Laboratories

FHS (Focus On Health &

Safety) Inc.

FR Systems International

Ferno Canada

Fiber Tech Canada E R Inc.

First Choice Health Care Inc.

First Mutual Leasing Corp.

Flolite Medical Inc.

Fox-Heys Associates Inc.

Freedom Motors

GE Fanuc Automation Canada Inc.

GE Medical Systems Canada

GNLD International

GS Medical Packaging Inc.

GTA Consumer Products Ltd.

Gamble Technologies Limited

Gaper Products Ltd.

General Electric Canada

Getinge/Castle Canada Ltd.

Global Managed Health Care

Global Sensor Systems Inc.

Goodman, Clifford K. Inc.

Gordon Piller Inc.

Grace Dental Laboratory

Guardian Interlock Systems Corp.

HCCA Canada Inc.

HLA

HSG Health Systems Group Limited

Health Care and Rehab Clinic

Health Frontiers

Healthy Connect

Henry Hill & Associates Inc.

Henry Schein Arcona

Hewlett-Packard (Canada) Ltd.

Hill-Rom Canada

Horizon Medical Services Ltd.

Hoya Lens Canada Inc.

ICC The Compliance Center Inc.

IMS Health

ISP (Canada) Inc.

Image Monitoring Inc.

Industrial Precision

Instrumed Surgical

International Ergonomics Inc.

Interstate Battery System of

Mississauga Inc.

Intra Medical Health Services

Invacare Canada Inc.

JF Jelenko & Co.

JH Precision Machining Co. Ltd.

Jancox Metal Products Inc.

Jergens Canada Inc.

Jodar Inc.

KCI Medical Canada Inc.

KT Optical Inc.

Kalish Canada Inc.

Keith Health Care Inc.

Key-Strokes Management Corp.

Kingmex Co. Ltd.

Kingstec Canada Inc.

Kingsway Chocolate Company Ltd.

Kintech Orthopaedics Ltd.

Knapp & Associates Design Inc.

Knight Canada Ltd.

Laborie Medical Technologies Inc.

Lange Transportation and

Storage Ltd.


Leco Instruments Limited

Lenscrafters International

Leybold Canada Inc.

Lifetime Water Systems Inc.

Linvatec Canada

Login Brothers Canada

Luxottica Canada Inc.

Lynx Medical Products Inc.

MacPherson Medical Inc

Manutex Products

Maple Leaf Wheelchair Mfg. Inc.

Marlin Motion Pictures Ltd.

Marsys Inc.

Massey’s Production

Maxxim Medical Canada Limited

Medela Canada Inc.

Med-Emerg International Inc.

Medical Audio Visual

Communications Inc.

Medical Mart Supplies Ltd.

Medicine Group, The

Medi-Man Rehabilitation

Products Inc.

Medisolutions

Med-Tec Excellence in

Healthcare Inc.

Medtronic of Canada Ltd.

Medx Electronics

Messer Canada Inc.

Mex Precision Wire Corp.

Millennium Dental Laboratory Ltd.

Mississauga Medical

Supply Limited

Mont Garrett & Associates

Insurance Agencies Ltd.

Motion Specialties

Mississauga Ltd.

Muscletech Research &

Development Inc.

Namdar Custom

Glass Blowing Production

Natural Factors Nutritional

Products Ltd.

Nature’s Source Inc.

Newport Instruments Canada

Nicolet America Inc.

Nikon Canada Inc.

Northern Eyes Inc.

Nova Biomedical Canada Ltd.

Onix Systems Group Inc.

Opal Optical Ltd.

Oral-B Laboratories

Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics

Orthodic Dimensions Inc.

Ortho-Path Medical Corporation

Orthotic Devices Inc.

O-Two Systems International Inc.

PLV Systems Inc.

PML Microbiologicals Inc.

Packam Printing & Graphics

Pari Respiratory Equipment Inc.

Parkview EMS Limited

Patterson Dental Canada Inc.

Pentax Precision

Instrument Corp.

Pharmax Ltd.

Phoenix Biomedical Products Inc.

Phoenix Bio-Tech Corp.

Phonak Canada Limited

Phonic Ear Ltd. (Oticon)

Pinchin Environmental Ltd.

Pioneer Technology Centre

Positive Fulfillment Services Ltd.

Praxair Canada Inc.

Primed Instruments Inc.

Prism Dental Ceramics Inc.

Prosysco Ltd.

Provincial Medical

Supplies Limited

Questron Technologies

Corporation

RBC Life Insurance Co.

REH A Enterprises Ltd.

RMS Services

R/D Tech

Rapid Aid

Rapid-Med Plus Inc.

Rauland-Borg (Canada) Inc.

Reliv Canada Company

Retro Specs Eyewear Repair

Rogue Transportation

Services Inc.

Rose Scientific Ltd.

Ross Disposable Products

SCA Hygiene Products

SCP Science

SNN Surgical Navigation Network

STA Communications Inc.

Safety Medic Supplies Inc.

Schering-Plough Healthcare

Products Canada

Sentech Systems Inc.

Servicemaster of Canada Limited

Siemens Canada Limited

Signet Armorlite Canada Inc.

Silliker Laboratories of

Canada Ltd.

Simplex International Time

Equipment Co. Ltd.

Sinclair Dental

Single Source Medical

Products Inc.

Sirona Dental Systems

Sky Tech Labs Inc.

Skyservice FBO Inc.

Smith & Nephew Inc.

Sobot Stone Consultants

Solgar Vitamin & Herb

Solutions Trading & Sales Inc.

Soneil International Ltd.

Source Medical Corporation

Spacelabs Medical Products Ltd.

Spectra Research Corporation

Spectronics

Spectrum Health Care

Spenco Medical Canada Inc.

Sprains & Strains

St. Jude Medical Canada, Inc.

Stadco Polyproducts Inc.

Stantec Consulting Ltd.

Starkey Labs Canada Ltd.

STERIS Canada Inc.

Stillwater Consulting Ltd.

Summit Sunglasses Inc.

Surguin

Synthes (Canada) Ltd.

TA Patterson & Associates Inc.

TJ MacDonald Institutional

Textiles Ltd.

TLC Laser Eye Centres Inc.

TS Environmental Services

Takara Company Canada Ltd.

Techlem Medical Corporation

Telehealth Services

Theramed Corporation

Therapy Supplies & Rental Ltd.

Tooth Tech Dental Laboratory Inc.

Toronto Institute of

Pharmaceutical Technology

Trans Canada Dental Limited

Tunstall Canada Inc.

UTMC Canada Inc.

Unilab Furniture Inc.

Unilab Surgibone Inc.

United Overseas Inc.

VWR CANLAB

Varian Canada Inc.

Vertex Dental Arts Ltd.

Vision-Ease Canada Ltd.

Visiostyle Inc.

Vitalaire Healthcare

WCH Access Systems Inc.

WN Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Walter Equipment Ltd.

Waters

Wescom Solutions Inc.

Wesley Jessen (Canada) Inc.

Westman, J.W. Inc.

Wheel Care Transit Ltd.

Windsor Factory Supply Ltd.

Wright Hand Packaging Inc.

Wright Medical Technology

Canada Ltd.

Xomed Canada Inc.

Xtron Imaging Inc.

Xycorp Medical Inc.

Zimmer of Canada Limited

Zoll Medical Canada Inc.

Quick Facts –City of Mississauga

APPENDIX D


Population

Labour

Businesses

Low Costs: Taxes, Services & Utilities

Land & Buildings

Transportation

• Population: 624,000

• Growing by 18,000 each year

• Canada’s 6th largest city

• Employees in Mississauga: 386,750

• Access to 2.6 million employees in the Greater Toronto Area

• 70% of workforce has post-secondary education

• More than 22,000 businesses (11,000 non-retail)

• More than 1,500 multinational corporations

• More than 40 Fortune 500 corporations have their Canadian

head offices here

• Property taxes are among the lowest in the province

• Electric power rates are among the lowest in the Greater Toronto

Area (GTA)

• Natural gas is readily available at low prices

• Competitive lease rates and land prices

• Largest supply of modern high quality, industrial land and

buildings in the GTA

• 3,500 acres of land available for business development

• 50 high quality, private sector business parks

• Home to Lester B. Pearson International Airport, the largest

and busiest airport in Canada

• Served by 2 national railways: Canadian National (CN) and

Canadian Pacific (CP) Rail

• Serviced by 7 major highways

• An accessible, easy and efficient public transportation system

• Mississauga has direct access to all lake ports and to the Atlantic

Ocean via the St. Lawrence Seaway


Technology

Higher Education

Police, Fire & Emergency Services

Healthcare

Housing Options

• Mississauga’s fibre optic and communications infrastructure is

one of the best in North America

• A major centre for successful technology-based companies

• The University of Toronto at Mississauga(UTM) – part of Cana-

da’s largest university

• The Richard Ivey School of Business – state-of-the-art executive

development facility

• DeVry College of Technology – part of the largest private,

post-secondary education system in North America

• 8 major universities and 10 technical colleges within

commuting distance

• Mississauga is the safest city in Canada according to a 2001

independent national study

• Mississauga is protected by the Peel Regional Police which

provides one police officer per 655 residents

• The city has a professional Fire Department with one firefighter

per 1,272 residents, a statistic that is above the national average

• The provincial health insurance program covers major medical

and hospital bills for all Canadian residents

• Mississauga’s two modern community hospitals, the Credit Valley

Hospital and the Trillium Health Centre, house approximately

1,000 beds providing excellent health care by combining the latest

in technology with the utmost in professional, compassionate care

• Mississauga offers a diverse housing mix - from townhouses and

high-rise condominium and rental facilities to semi-detached,

fully-detached and executive housing to satisfy every income level

• Average housing prices in Mississauga are lower than the average

for the GTA

For More Information, Please Contact:

Economic Development OfficeCity of Mississauga

300 City Centre DriveMississauga, Ontario, Canada

L5B 3C11.800.456.2181

www.mississaugabiz.com

The authors, publishers and contributors will not assume any responsibility for the results of business decisions made based on the information contained in this book. We encourage the reader to use this publication as one of several resources in considering business location decisions,and to seek professional assistance in addressing all relevant decision factors.

©2002, Economic Development Office, The City of MississaugaJune 2002

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, reprinted, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in part or whole, in anyform or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the authors.

Further copies of this report are available at www.mississaugabiz.com/bio

Published by the Economic Development Office, The City of Mississauga


Notes

Mississauga’sLocation in Eastern U.S.A./Canada

For More Information,Please Contact:

Economic Development OfficeCity of Mississauga

300 City Centre DriveMississauga, Ontario, Canada L5B 3C1

1.800.456.2181

www.mississaugabiz.com

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