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Mission StatusSea Surface Salinity
Understanding the Interactions Between the Global Water Cycle, Ocean Circulation and Climate
Gary LagerloefAquarius Principal Investigator
David Le Vine, Deputy PIYi Chao, Project Scientist 5th International SMOS Workshop:
November 29th – December 1st, 2004ESA-ESRIN, Frascati Italy
F. Raúl ColombSAC-D Principal Investigator
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
2 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
• Aquarius Salinity Microwave Instrument
• Launch Vehicle
• Service Platform and SAC-D Science Instruments
• Mission Operations & Ground System
International Partnership Mission
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
3 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
Key Partners
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Earth & Space Research
Goddard Space Flight Center
Aquarius• Deputy PI• Deputy PM• Deputy SE• Deputy MAM• GS Manager• LV I/F Engr.• Observatory I/F Manager
Aquarius
• Project Manager (PM)• Project Scientist (PS)• Project System Engineer (SE)• Project Mission Assu. Mgr. (MAM)• Instrument Manager
SAC-D• Principal Investigator (PI)• Project Manager (PM)• Systems Engineer (SE)• Instruments Manager• Service Platform Manager• MAM• GS Manager• Observatory I&T Manager• LV I/F & Logistics Manager
• Aquarius Principal Investigator (PI)
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
4 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2009-11Formulation (B) Implementation (C/D) Operations (E)
( 36 Months )
SELECTIONJuly 2002
CONFIRMATIONJune 2005
END OF MISSION2011LAUNCH
Sept 2008
PMSR PDR CDR PER PSR FRR
Science OperationsIOC
RMP
//
//
//2008
II&TMCR
Timeline
Final Rpt
SMOS 5th Science Workshop
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
5 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
• Monthly Global Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) Maps• 100 km Spatial Resolution• 0.2 psu Accuracy• Three Year Baseline Mission
Level 1 Science Requirements
WOA 2001 NOAA/NODC
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
6 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
•Global Coverage in 7 Days• > 4 Repeat Cycles per Month
Monthly Salinity Maps
Surface Validation
3 beams, 64 x 70, 72 x 86, 81 x 109 km instantaneous footprint ellipses across the 344 km wide swath.
Sun-synchronous exact repeat orbit6pm ascending nodeAltitude 657 km
Beams point toward the night side to avoid sun glint
Measurement Strategy
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
7 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
Aquarius Instrument
ICDS (Instrument Avionics)
Radiometer &ScatterometerFeed Horns (3)
Reflector
Service PlatformPanel
Sun Shade
Deployable Boom
ReflectorDeploymentMechanism
Sun Shade
• Sea surface brightness temperature measured by stable polarimetric radiometers operating at 1.413 GHz
• Sea surface backscattering cross-section measured by scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz
• Fixed offset-feed parabolic reflector with three feedhorns provides three beams in a push-broom configuration; beams point towards night side orbit.
• Proto-flight instrument• Selective redundancy• Radiometer provided by GSFC• Scatterometer & instrument subsystems provided by JPL
• Instrument I&T at JPL• 400 kg; 450 W; 500 MB/day• Integration to S/P in Argentina• 3 yr lifetime
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
8 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
0.100.100.10Stability (K)0.060.060.06Radiometer Sensitivity (NEDT, K)
121212Integration Time (sec)81 x 109 km72 x 86 km64 x 70 kmFootprint Size (3 dB, one way)
41.833.823.9Incidence Angle (degrees)37.230.321.5Look Angle (degrees)89.591.392.4Beam Efficiency (%)5.55.35.1Beam Width (3 dB, degrees)
Outer BeamMiddle BeamInner BeamParameter
19 kbits/secData Rate~ 9 msecPulse Integration TimeVariableDicke Switching Cycle
Th, Tv, T+45, T-45Polarization344 kmSwath Width≤ 27 MHzBandwidth1413 MHzFrequency
657 km (655-685 km)Orbital AltitudeValueParameter
Key Radiometer Parameters
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
9 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
29.930.330.6Peak Gain (dBi)
12 bitA/D1 msecTransmit Pulse Length8.3 HzMeasurement Rep. Frequency
0.140.120.09Stability (dB)-29-31-34Noise-Equivalent Sigma-0 (dB)
0.080.100.14Radar Sensitivity (~100 looks, dB)88 x 118 km77 x 92 km67 x 74 kmFootprint Size (3 dB, one way)
41.833.823.9Incidence Angle (degrees)37.230.321.5Look Angle (degrees)5.95.75.4Beam Width (3 dB, degrees)
Outer BeamMiddle BeamInner BeamParameter
5 kbits/secData Rate
100 HzPRF200 WPeak Transmit power
HH, HV, VV, VH, <HH,HV*>, <VV,VH*>Polarization323 kmSwath Width4 MHzBandwidth
1260 MHzFrequency657 km (655-685 km)Orbital Altitude
ValueParameter
Key Scatterometer Parameters
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
10 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
X
Y
day night
Motion of Observatory
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
11 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
Orbit Swath Pattern
15263
•4 cycles every 28 days
•Equator swath gap ~50 km
•Meets Aquarius and SAC-D instrument and ground contact requirements
100 km
7-Day Exact Repeat Swath Detail1-Day Swath
Coverage
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
12 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
6 pm Ascending Node:
•Viewing only toward shadow side causes asymmetry in polar geographic coverage
•6 pm ascending gives greater geographic coverage of Arctic during summer ice melt (Aquarius)
•6 pm provides more exposure to darkness in the southern hemisphere (SAC-D HSC, Aquarius Southern Ocean)
Arc
ticA
ntar
ctic
Ascending Node and Polar Coverage
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
13 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
Key Parameter Summary
~87.5°N ; ~80°SLatitude Coverage
HH, HV, VV, VH, <HH,HV*>, <VV,VH*>Radar Polarization
Th, Tv, T+45, T-45Radiometer Polarization
23.9° 33.8 ° 41.8 °Incidence Angles
64 x 70; 72 x 86; 81 x 109 kmFootprint Size (3db)
~345 kmSwath Width
7 days (103 cycles)Repeat Cycle
657 km (655-685 km) / 98.01°Orbit Altitude/ Incl.
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
14 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
Observatory
Aquarius Instrument
Service Platform, CONAE & Partner
Instruments
• Science Instruments
NASA Instrument:
- Aquarius
CONAE Instruments:
- Microwave Radiometer (MWR)- High Sensitivity Camera (HSC)- Infra-red Camera (NIRST)- Data Collection System (DCS)- Technological Demonstration Package (TDP)
SAC-D Third Party Instruments:
- ICARE/SODAD (CNES)- ROSA (ASI)
• Service Platform (S/P)Redundant (functional/unit level)
- Deployable Solar Array- 3-axis stabilized
- GPS, Star Tracker, IRU, Inertia Wheels, Torque Rods, Magnetometer, Sun sensors
- Propulsion system & maneuvering thrusters- S- & X-band Communication linkObservatory
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
15 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
Instrument Objectives Specifications Resolution Owner
Aquarius
Understanding ocean circulation, global water cycle and climate interaction. Soil Measures over
Argentina
Integrated L-band radiometers (1.413Ghz)
and scatterometer (1.26Ghz)
Three beams: 64 x 70, 72 x 86, 81 x 109 km NASA
MWRPrecipitation rate, winds speed,
sea ice concentration, water vapour, clouds
23.8 and 37 Ghz H and V pol
.Bandwidht: .5 and 1 Ghz
< 40 km CONAE
NIRSTHot spots events, sea surface
temperature measurement
4, 11 and 12 µm Swath: 75 Km Tilt +/- 350 Km
150 meters CONAE
HSC Urban lights, electric storms, polar regions, snow cover
450-900 nm Swath: 700 Km
200-300 meters CONAE
DCS Data Collection System 401.55 Mhz uplink 2 contacts per day with 200 platforms CONAE
ROSA Atmospheric properties GPS Occultation Techniques
Horiz: 300 Km Vert: 300 m ASI
ICARE/SODADEffect of cosmic radiation in
electronic devices, distribution of micro-particles and space debris
I: three fully depleted Si and Si/Li detectors , S: four SMOS sensors;
I: 256 channels spectra, Sensitivity:
0.5 u part. at 10 km/ sec CNES
Technological Demonstration Package
Position, velocity and time determination
Inertial Angular Velocity
GPS Receiver Inertial Reference Unit
20 m, 1m/sec, .2msec ARW: 8*10-3 o/sec/ sqrt h CONAE
Aquarius/SAC-D Instruments Matrix
Summary
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
16 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
SAC-D ↔ Aquarius Synergy
CONAE Microwave Radiometer (MWR)•23.8 and 36.5 GHz •8 beams overlap Aquarius•Wind, rain, cloud water, sea-ice detection for Aquarius SSS retrievals
CONAE New IR Scanner Technology (NIRST)•75 km swath overlaps Aquarius inner beam•3.8, 11 and 12 µ•Supplementary SST•Primary application is detecting high temperature events (HTEs) over land (fires & volcanic events)
n1p1
p0NIRST
MWR
MWR
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
17 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
Landsat Image of the Andes Zone, more than 20 fires can be seen
The temperature and effective area affected by fires can be determined by using two IR channels: 3.8 and 11 µ.
Temperature determination can be improved using a third channel in 12 µ.
FIRESNIRST
CONAE NIRST
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
18 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
Enhanced HSC image (with DEM data)
Fire Detection with HSC
Snow Coverage Fire Detection
CONAE High Sensitivity Camera (HSC)
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
19 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
GPS Radio Occultation on SAC-C
ROSA (ASI)
SAC-D Instruments
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
20 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
ICARE/SODAD (CNES)
Results from ICARE on SAC-C
Computer simulation of space debris distribution
SAC-D Instruments
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
21 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
Risk List & Status
32,4,5
1
1
2
3
4
5
LIKELIHOOD
CONSEQUENCES
54321
Scatterometer on-orbit stability calibration42-25
On-orbit calibration stability verification.11-24
The Aquarius error budget.13-23
Long wave effect on backscatter46-22
Solar maximum brightness temperature correction40-51
Risk TitleAppro
achRiskID
Rank &Trend
New since last Month
Unchanged
Increasing (Worsening)
M - MitigateW - WatchA - AcceptR -Research
Decreasing (Improving)
ApproachLxC Trend**Criticality
High
Med
Low
Salinity Mapping Satellite Mission:
22 Mission Status 5th International SMOS Workshop,November 29th – December 1st, 2004 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati It
Near Term Activity
Aquarius/SAC-D• PDR April-May 2005
• NASA April 26-28, 2005• CONAE May 31-June 2, 2005
Aquarius• MCR – June 28 2005• Bottoms-up salinity error budget reanalysis before PDR• Algorithm simulator tool prior to PDR Solar
contamination assessment by end 2004• Long wave backscatter analysis by end 2004