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The HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan, its implementation and
some potential PPPs
Jesper H. AndersenHead of unit (EU Water Policy)
DHI Water • Environment • Health
Round table discussion seminar
The environmental standing of the Baltic Sea:from political proposal to practical project
17 March 2008, Copenhagen, DK
Mission
• The HELCOM BSAP will neither save the Baltic Sea nor result in Good Environmental Status (sensu MSFD)
• Hopefully its implementation will improve environmental status as well as ecological status (sensu WFD) and conservation status (sensu HD)
• My mission today is to:– Focus on BSAP implementation in an adaptive
management framework– Outline an ongoing PPP as well as two
potentially promising PPPs
A few word on eutrophication in the Baltic Sea
The BSAP and adaptive management…
Source: Andersen & Pawlak, 2006
BSAP and eutrophication…
• The ’eutrophication segment’ of the BSAP is largely based on scenarios made by MARE/NEST
• The approach is state-of-the-art
Source: HELCOM, 2007
The BSAP and adaptive management…
Source: Andersen & Pawlak, 2006
B, G, Y, O, and R = H, G, M, P, and B
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Assessment of eutrophication status
Source: Andersen et al. (2007)
Overall objective:
• Assess the eutrophication status in the whole Baltic Sea on the basis of a harmonised approach
Additional objectives:
• Visualise and conceptualise the effects and extent of eutrophication in the Baltic Sea
• Describe the causes of eutrophication and quantify the inputs of nutrients to the marine environment
• Assess the effectiveness of already taken measures in order to indicate i) to what extent the goals are fulfilled or not, and ii) to what extent supplementary measures are required
• HELCOM EUTRO-PRO is a ongoing but informal PPP (MS authorities, IGO, and a private partner)
Eutrophication and the way forward…
• Politics seem to have over-ruled science…
Source: HELCOM, 2007
A word of caution…
Source: Jackson et al., 2001
Linking BSAP, WFD and HD…
• Eutrophication has reduced SAV density and distribution
• However, SAV is many areas also limited by substrate availability, especially in Germany and Denmark
• Examples:– Limfjorden (Denmark) – reconstruction of 2 km2 stone reef will
reduce hypoxia risk in the order of 95%
– Arkona Basin - O2 ’inputs’ from the Belt Sea are significantly reduced - can we do anything to improve the situation?
• This could develop into a PPP …
BEACON, another PPP?
• Modelling of environmental issues is in general un-coordinated at a Baltic Sea-wide scale
• A lot of resources could be spend more effectively• … and in support of the BSAP implementation …
• We need co-ordination, harmonisation and a Baltic Sea Ecosystem Modelling Network (BEACON):– Hydrographic ensemble modelling– Reference conditions– Hypoxia– Boundary conditions (WFD coastal vs. MSFD marine)– Habitat building species (Fucus, Mytilus, Zostera, etc.)– Implementation (products, up-stream catchments, scenarios,
demonstration projects ► BEACON Tool Box)
• BEACON is a potential Public Private Partnership• Currently, a consortium is being set up with
participants from all Baltic Sea States (based on HELCOM EUTRO-PRO and BALANCE activities)
Wrap up (1)
• The HELCOM BSAP will not save the Baltic Sea
• However, implementation of the BSAP will improve environmental status in all parts of the Baltic Sea
• The eutrophication segment should be scrutinized, especially in regard to the planned nutrient reductions
Wrap up (2)
• Potential PPPs in support of BSAP implementation could include:
– Further development of assessment tools (together with the indicator on which they run) complementing existing HELCOM tools (HEAT (eutrophication) and BEAT (biodiversity))
– Supplement REDUCTIONS with ’ecological engineering’ in order to speed up recovery without infringement of EU directives
– Establish a Baltic Sea Ecosystem Modelling Network with focus on ensemble modelling, RefCon, hypoxia, boundary conditions, distribution of habitat building species, and ultimately a “Tool Box”
• Finally a word of caution:
– Involve all relevant institutions (public and business) that are willing to support BSAP implementation
– Tangible solutions cost a lot of money– Think BIG
Thank you for your attention