Upload
moin-chy
View
246
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/8/2019 MIS (Sharif)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mis-sharif 1/16
2010
IT Management
(A Case study of British Airways)
Submitted by,
KCB ID:
K E N S I N G T O N C O L L E G E O F B U S I N E S S
8/8/2019 MIS (Sharif)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mis-sharif 2/16
2 | P a g e
Contents
Page No.
Introduction 2
Information system in modern business management 4
Analysis-planning-implementation-control 5
Information and the decision making 7
Organization information system 9
Stages of decision making 10
A Case Study ± British Airways 12
British Airways¶s Information System 13Fig 1.2: MIS level of planning 14
Fig 1.4: MIS level of planning (British Airways) 15
A.1 Strategic Information System 16
B.1 Tactical Information System 17
C.1 Operational Information System 19
Conclusion 21
References 22
Bibliography 22
Web links 23
8/8/2019 MIS (Sharif)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mis-sharif 3/16
3 | P a g e
INTRODUCTION:
Information system is the vital element of any business and it provides the modern up to date
information¶s to the marketers in their strategy of planning, analyzing and finally the proper
implementation in their in the effective way. The information systems, internet system,
telecommunications, forecasting and financial analyses etc. are all the constituents of the
information technology.
A number of constituents build the Information system and its ranged from the human being and
the machine (mainly computers). Human brain takes the strategic decisions and as per thedecisions, the demands are resulted by the machines and finally implemented. Collection of the
data, storing, analyses, communications etc. brings efficient management to the business.
The modern informational technology has given a better opportunity to communicate with the
buyers-sellers at a rapid and efficient way. The success rate depends on the proper integration of
peoples, information technology, internet, processes and their proper implementation too. A
successful develops its business policy, style and the ways of doing business.
8/8/2019 MIS (Sharif)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mis-sharif 4/16
4 | P a g e
8/8/2019 MIS (Sharif)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mis-sharif 5/16
5 | P a g e
INFORMATION SYSTEM: IN MODERN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
ANALYSIS-PLANNING-IMPLEMENTATION-CONTROL (APIC)
Analysis:
8/8/2019 MIS (Sharif)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mis-sharif 6/16
6 | P a g e
Analysis is one of the most important factors of Managing Information System in the company.
The management have to find out and recognize the weakness and strength of the company and
have to collect the strategic data from every sector. Then the data are analyzed through the
information technology and effective measures are taken into account.
Plan:
The analysis helps to plan the strategies for the company to implement for its success. The plan
are planned according to the managerial decisions that based on the analytical results about the
company¶s various sectors. An effective planning and successful implementation can lead the
company to its future development.
Implement:
The plan that has been taken based on the analytical values is subjected to the implementation
according to the company¶s strategies. Implementation involves the various departments of the
company as the finance, purchase, audit, and different peoples from different sectors etc. So the
implementation is not an easy task and it needs due monitoring at all times. The information
system directly helps to implement as it gives access to all of the sectors and helps to proper
monitoring.
Controlling:
The implementation needs to control in all the sectors according to the necessity. The successes
of the implementation of the strategies are achieved by controlling of it. The controlling data are
required to further analysis, planning and any changes to it and proper modified implementation.
The software designated to it monitors and keep records of the company¶s data and helps in
controlling.
8/8/2019 MIS (Sharif)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mis-sharif 7/16
7 | P a g e
Different types of information systems exist in the different level of organizations. The main
classifications are as follows:
1. TPS ± Transaction Process System
2. MIS ± Management Information System
3. DSS ± Decision Support Systems
4. ESS ± Executive Support Systems
A CASE STUDY
BRITISH AIRWAYS
The establishment of British airways were found in the early 25th
August, 1919 on World war I
its forerunner company AT&T (Aircraft Transport and Travel Limited) and it had launched the
first daily international air services between the London and Paris in the world. It had carried
only one passenger and a cargo that were loaded with the newspapers, Devonshire cream and
grouse from the Heathrow base and thad taken two and half hours to reach le Bourget in Paris.
Though it has faced the passenger crisis with the highest travel fare, it was operating in full
swing.
The result of the formation British Caledonian in 1970 formed by taking over of the original
Caledonian airways by British United Airways. After two years the British overseas airways
corporation (BOAC) and the British European airways (BEA) were combined under the name of
British Airways in 1974.
In the February of 1987 British airways was privatized. More than one million applications were
received for the shares in the airline.
Now a days the British airways operating in more than 130 countries and cities around the world
with its 600 offices and destinations. By means of adapting with the new technology in the
business system and proper planned system that led the dramatic improvement in the current
operation in the British airways.
8/8/2019 MIS (Sharif)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mis-sharif 8/16
8 | P a g e
British Airways¶s Information System:
The highly efficient management information system in the British airways is highly organized,
co-ordinated and highly controlled. The various levels of management in the British airways are
always updated and it has strategic planning for everyday operations. The information in the
British airways flows in the main three information level.
A. Strategic Information system:
This is highest level of the information system in the British airways and dealt with the
authoritative people in it. They take decisions regarding the merge of the company and its
acquisitions, purchases of new aeroplanes and also the investment of the company¶s
capital. So it needs to provide the information in a large context from the market and
economic forecast, political and social tracks, legislative etc.
B. Tactical Information System:
These information types dealt with the internal and external sources in terms of current
and the future performances. According to the British airways it is involved in the
pricing, planning of the capacity, preparing of the budget, contracts purchase etc. some of
the mentioned information are required e.g. instance cost and sale analyses, measurement
of the performances, operation summary, production sector, budget etc.
C. Operational Information System:
Internal information is the main source of these sort system. Historical, daily or weekly
information that may be quantitative etc. are involved. The process of the operational
information system is more important as it deals with the instance decision making
process. In the British airways they invest these levels of system in the production
scheduling, flight timings and their destinations, their maintenance, ordering, customers
booking details and acceptances, payments of the money etc.
8/8/2019 MIS (Sharif)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mis-sharif 9/16
9 | P a g e
8/8/2019 MIS (Sharif)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mis-sharif 10/16
10 | P a g e
A.1. Strategic Information System:
Recent structure of the BA (British airways):
It has the largest ever flight operations across the globe. More 44m people flew on
499,000 flights operated by the BA. 907,000 tons of cargo and mail has been carried by it
last year. Now a days it is operating 348 aircraft and thus it is the one of the largest fleets
in the Europe. Therefore, the bagginess investment is in great need of the proper
managerial information system that they are in better operation.
Merger with the other airlines:
To offer a better through the worldwide, the BA serves jointly with some other big
airlines that includes, American airlines, Cathay pacific, Fin air, Qantas, Iberia, Aer-
lingus etc. So in terms of merger they are the bigger airline industry in the world. Some
airlines like the Deutsche (German airline) and the UK inland airline ± citi express runs
their services under the franchise arrangement to use the brand name µBritish Airways¶.
British Mediterranean Airways, Comair, Great Britain airways and also some other
airlines also operating under the same hood of British airways. These airlines that are
franchised of the British airways operate more than the 100 destinations. As a whole, the
BA is operating with it all partner airlines to over 600 destinations in over 130 countries
worldwide.
Finance and its aspects of the British airways:
Financial modelling and financial planning are category that can be used to illustrate the
planning objectives of the Britsih airways for its planning of the nedw developments to
help its managers in the assessment of the future facilities.
Main issues regarding the investment decisions are:
1. Accuracy in the assessment of the demands or opportunity in the assumptions.
2. Find out and implement the solution for the proper business need that can give a rise
to the shareholders.
3. They always keeps a healthy balance between the cost, time and service in terms of
quality that results in a successive customer service.
8/8/2019 MIS (Sharif)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mis-sharif 11/16
11 | P a g e
Investment of Capital and Planning:
1. The strategic steps of the BA have taken to increase its services, using of the runway
capacity but in all aspects keeping highest level of safety, security and obviously highest
customer service.
2. To meet the demand they hade made ready the Terminal 5 at the Heathrow airport in
short term with highest quality.
3. To facilitate the bigger aircraft like A380 (A double decked plane by Airbus) they
completed works in 2006.
4. Improvement at the Gatwick airport to facilitate more passengers and to improve to better
customer service.
B.1 Tactical Information System:
British Airways and its services:
Day by day the BA has brought huge changes into its quality to make a good relation
between the organization and the customer for their highest satisfaction. They are
providing the pioneer service with its utmost management and skilled crewmembers.
BASIS (British airways safety information services) ± this provides and gathers the safety
data for the ramp and the cargo handling
SESMA (Special even search and master analysis) is the flight data recording program
and monitors the health of the fleets in terms of safety. According to this, each flight is
examined for better safe service.
All the events and data are stored in the BASIS and presented in the retular meeting held
monthly with the technical managers and the pilots association (BALPA) to bridge to
them and confirming better services.
8/8/2019 MIS (Sharif)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mis-sharif 12/16
12 | P a g e
Policies regarding the Price implementation:
Internal Charging structure:
The airport is charging for its services in three criteria.
a. Charges for landing: they are charging the fleets almost at a flat rate but a little difference
according to the weight band and time slots like peak or off-peak. And some differences
related to the noise producing aircrafts or different makes.
b. Passenger charge: Passengers are being charged for the utilization of the airport and
differs in the domestic and in international passengers.
c. Packing charge: these charges are based on the sizes and weights of the aircrafts,
different time slots and the using of airports either Heathrow or Gatwick and a taxi time
allowance of the time of 8 minutes.
External charging structure:
British airways also charges externally for facilitate the development of new routs at the
airport. And from some other sources.
Quick solution for technical problems:
The adoption of this service, BA made one step ahead than others. It has setup a system
called µMaximo¶ by which they can respond to any emergency immediately. It involves from
take off to landing, customer demands, jetties and escalators, special arrangement for the
disables, lifts, baggage conveyors etc. and the service is ready for 24/7 basis. That means
they are ready to serve the passengers with their full effort by 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
The systems are always aware of any incidence and are ready to find any solutions at any
instance. And the µMaximo¶ technology helps to keep running the operational activations that
involves emergency stops, maintenance etc. In fact they are ready at all times to solve any
types of problems or to find out any available solution and keep smooth operation in the
organization.
8/8/2019 MIS (Sharif)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mis-sharif 13/16
13 | P a g e
Employees Payment:
The employees are generally contracted for 40 hours per week basis with a meal break. And
over the 40 hours shift are counted as overtime. New employees are generally in the lower
payment band and midpoints of the old staff and the new scales differ according the job
assigned by 5 and 19 percent. The security staff and the other operatives the differences
exists in differences at about 13 percent the previous year.
C. 1 Operational Information System
Technology used for the operational system:
This is an obvious that a successful company should have to use the latest technology to
keep all the records of data of all the departments for the successful implementation of any
ideas that are useful for the relevant company for successful progression. Reliability of the
highest quality hardware, software, data backup device are all pre-requisite. According to
the time specific demands the BA has adopted some modern steps to achieve these purposes.
They are detailed below.
DB2 and IMS databases:
The BA uses the DB2 system to combine the relational databases and also for the fast
transaction processing as the BA can develop the data-intensive business system and the
various applications related to the DB2.
Virtual terminal: Delta IMS:
This is one of the cutting edge Information systems in the operational level to achieve goals
and the control costs. To operate both the DB2 and the IMS they had installed number of
software¶s and got various impressive result for BA to be in the effective operation.
8/8/2019 MIS (Sharif)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mis-sharif 14/16
14 | P a g e
Thus the effective database server, database software, IT management, recover, availability
of data of any slot of time has made the BA to be in the leading position to maintain and
keep in the track of the fleet industries. They have assured the protected data availability as
100% throughout the lifetime.
Booking and the management:
Voice recognition ± a modern technology that has been adopted by the BA that has made it
easier for the customers to book a flight over the phone and they are expanding these
services for the booking of the hotels rental cars too.
The system has been developed using the software Envox 5.0 and are operated in Envox
runtime platform. It is suitable for the IVR applications and also supports the full ODBC
connectivity and also supports the SQL server databases.
8/8/2019 MIS (Sharif)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mis-sharif 15/16
15 | P a g e
CONCLUSION:
Managing information system has not only changed the business to do business but also changed
the business seeks to sell. British airways has made it integrated the IT to its business in a very
effective way and they are getting the proper outcome of it. Here the IT is playing the vital role
in every aspect from the booking to the fleet management. And they are managing their finances
in a very effective way too.
Thus a new paradigm for the business has established for the industrial services and as well as
the knowledge based industries too. To create new information system appeals for the innovative
missions, different dimensions and approaches. The digital firms are in query of system planning
and analyses are based on broader view of the organization.
The BA is an ideal organization where they have adopted the Information technology in its
highest peak of demand and in a proper three dimensions of 1. Strategic level, 2. Management
level and finally 3. Operational level. And all these aspects have made it a perfect managed
information system company.
For an effective Information system firms have to be coordinated their business strategies and the
plans with information system in terms of electronic relationships with the suppliers, customers,
distributors etc.
8/8/2019 MIS (Sharif)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mis-sharif 16/16
16 | P a g e
REFERENCES / BIBLIOGRAPHY
ADAIR. J., (1985). Effective Decision Making. A Guide to Thinking for Management Success.
London: Pan Books
AVISON. D. and SHAB. H., (1997). The Information Systems Development Life Cycle: A First Course
in Information Systems. England: McGraw-Hill Book Company Europe
Benson, S. and Standing, C. (2002). Information Systems: A Business Approach. Wiley and
Sons.
BRITISH AIRWAYS PLC (2002) A report on the economic regulation of the London airports
companies (Heathrow airport ltd. Gatwick airport ltd and Stansted airport ltd)
Clarke Steve (2007); Information Systems Strategic Management: an Integrated approach¶.
ISBN 978-0-415-38187-1; Routledge Printing, USA & Canada
Elliott, G. (2004). Gl obal business information technol ogy: an integrated systems approach.
Harlow: Addison Wesley
EDWARDS CHRIS, WARD JOHN & BYTHEWAY ANDY, (1985) The essence of information
systems, 2nd Edition, London, Prentice-Hall
Fattahi. R and Ebrahim Afshar (2006), µAdded value of information and information systems:
a conceptual approach¶, Library review Vol. 55 No. 2, 2006 pp. 132-147
Hussain, Z. (2007). Internet and E l ectronic Commerce, from lecture slides, University of Bradford, School of Management.
HANDY. C., (1990). Inside Organizations. London: Penguin Books
HANDY. C., (1995). The Empty Raincoat. Making Sense of the Future. Arrow Business Books.
Jackson D. Ford (1987); Conceptual model of an integrated management information system
invorporating industrial engineering techniques, Computers & Industrial Engineering Volume
13, issues 1-4, 1987, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
KENNEDY. C., (1994). Managing with the Gurus. Top Level Guidance on 20 ManagementTechniques. London: Century Ltd
LAUDON C. KENNETH & LAUDON P. LAUDON, (2002) Management Information
Systems, 7th
Edition, Times Mirror Higher Education Groups.
LAUDON & LAUDON, (2007) Management Information Systems, 10th Edition, Prentice Hall.