miqÅu - Samurdhi

1

miqÅu

Wiia idCIr;dj" †.= wdhq ld,h" my;a <ore urK wkqmd;slh ldka;djkag iu ;Fjhla ,nd oSu"

ixjrAOk lghq;=j,oS mdrsirsl 'â;%;ajhla ,nd.ekSug lghq;= lsrSu wd° orAYl wkqj ii|d n,k l,

f;jeks f,dj iu tal mqoa., wdodhu we;s wka rgj,aj,g jvd †hqKq ;;a;ajhla fmkak qà l<o"

ë/lshdj yd ¥mam;alu m%uqL fldg f.k mek ke.S we;s fndfyda iudc wdrA:sl m%Yak /ilg wm rg

uqyqKmd we;'

YS% ,xldfï tal mqoa., wdodhu foaYmd,k ksoyi ,enQ 1948 isg jeÆfjâka mej;=ko wdodhu

fn°hdfà ëIu;djhla l%ufhka jrAOkh èula olakg we;' 1973 † ck.ykfhka 40] lajq wvq

wdodhà ,nk ck lKavdhu ,enq wdodhà m%udKh rfê uqÛ wdodhfuka 19'3] laj ;snq w;r 1991 °

th 14'8] olajd my; jeç we;' /lshd wjia:d jirlg jeÆë we;af;a 1'1] lska muKs' tfy;a Y%u

n,ldh Bg fo.=Khlska jeÆ è we;' ,CI 8 lg wdikak ixLHdjla ±kg /lshd ërys;j isåk

w;r thska 35] la oaë;shsl wOHdmkh ksu l< W.;a ;reK msÑi fj;s'

¥mam;alu" „j;aèu i|yd uq,sl wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug fkdyelsnj iy iudc idOdrK;ajh

,nd.ekSfà wmyiq;djh fmkakqà lrk ,CIKhla f,ig yákd.; yelsh' Wreufhka ,;a fohla

fkdue;slâka ¥mam;aj isåk who" ;uka Wmhd.;afoa l%udkql+,j ëhoà fkdls¯u ksid uyÛëfha°

¥mam;aj isåk who" wdndò; fyhska idodld,slj ¥mam;aj isåk who jYfhka ¥mam;=ka fldgia l<

yel' âka jeÆ fofkl=g wdrA:sl ksIamdokhg iyNd.s èug wjia:d imhd°u ;=,ska ¥mam;alâka uqojd

.; yel'

fmdaIK ;;a;ajh âKqula f,ig ¥mam;alu uekSu i|yd fhdod .kq ,efæ' ukao fmdaIKh yd

¥mam;alu w;r n,j;a iyiànkaO;djhla mj;sk nj f,dj fkdfhla rgj, lr we;s iäCIKj,ska

fmkS f.dia we;' ukao fmdaIKfhka fmf,k fndfyda <uqka yuqjkafka ¥mam;a mjq,a w;Ñks' 1980 -

82 w;r mj;ajk ,o fmdaIKh ms<sn| iäCIKhlska fy<s jq lreKq wkqj wm rfê fmr mdi,a hk

<uqka w;=Ñka 36] la W.% ukao fmdaIKfhka fmÛKs' fà fya;= fldg f.k Tjqkaf.a jrAOkh o nd,è

;snqks' jhi wkqj ;sÅh hq;= nr m%udKh wkqj i,ld ne¢ëg" 1993 † fmdaIK m%;sm;a;s ie,iqà

wxYh uÕska lrk ,o iäCIKhlg wkqj jhig wvq nÑka hq;a orejkaf.a ixLHdj 35] la muK jk

nj fmkS f.dia we;'

/lshd ërys;" W!K fiajd kshqla; yd ¥mam;a hk fldgia iudch ;=, meyeos,sj fjkafldg yákd

.ekSu wmyiqh' /lshd ërys; fndfyda wh ¥mam;=ka fkdfj;s' tfukau /lshd lrk wh w;r o

¥mam;a;= iså;s' /lshdj, ksr; iuyr whg ;u uq,sl wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug m%udKj;a wdodhula

fkdue;' fà wkqj fmkS hkafka wdka;slj wvq ksIamdok M,odhs;djhla we;s lghq;=j, ¥mam;=ka fh°

isåk nj;a" wvq Y%u M,odhs;dj ;=,ska ,efnk i;H bmehqu l%ufhka wvqj f.dia iuyr /lshdj,

fhfokakjqka o ¥mam;=ka .Khg jefgk nj;ah'

mj;sk ixLHd f,aLk wkqj fmkS hkafka ¥mam;alu jeÆ jYfhka olakg ,efnkafka kd.Ñlj fkdj

.%dähj njh' kd.Ñl ¥mam;=ka fndfyduhla .âka k.rhg meâKs wh fï' /lshd fidhd .âka

k.rhg tkafkda wvq jegqmla ,nk /lshdj, fhfo;s' Tjqka kqqmqyqKq Y%âlhkah' fndfydaëg Tjqkaf.a

/lshd ;djld,slh' wëòu;a wdrA:sl wxYfha /lshdj, fh° isçu fudjqka w;r fmfkk ,CIKhls'

2

fuu .egÛj,g ëiáà fièu i|yd jÑkajr ëëO rchka uÕska fkdfhl=;a W;aidyhka ord we;'

1950 oYlfha b†Ñm;a l, oi wjqre¥ ie,eiau" 1970 oYlfha b†Ñm;a l, mia wjqre¥ ie,eiau"

1980 oYlfha b†Ñm;a l, taldnoaO .%däh ixjrAOk jevigyk yd tu oYlfha w. Nd.fha°

b†Ñm;a l< ckiëh jevigyk fà i|yd .;a mshjrj,a f,ig ±laëh yelsh' fà ish¢

jevigyka uÕska rfê wdrA:sl ixjrAOkh jeÆ lr,Su ;=,ska /lshd wjia:d ckkh fldg ë/lshdj yd

¥mam;alu wju ls¯u wfmalaId flÑks'

jeÆ M,odhs;djhlska hq;a /lshd yd wdodhà W;amdok wjia:d yákajd°u" tl;= lrk ,o jeÆ

jåkdlâka hq;a kj ksIamdok wjia:d yákajd°u" kj yd Wmfhda.S ;dCIKh fhdod .ksâka ksIamdok

lghq;=j, fh†ug wjia:d imhd°u yd fj<|m,g m%fïYèfà wjia:d yákajd°u fà i|yd .; yels

iq¥iq mshjr f,i yákajd†h yelsh'

1994 ° kj rch uÕska ¥mam;alu ;=rka lr,Su i|yd b†Ñm;a lrk ,o cd;sl jevigyk jqqfha

iuDoaò jevigykhs' ;reKhka w;r n,j;au m%Yakh jk ë/lshdjg ëi¥ula ,nd°u;a" fmd¥fï

¥mam;alu rg ;=,ska ;=rka ls¯u;a" ;reK ;reKshka ixjrAOkhg iDcqju iyNd.s lr.ekSu;a fuu

jevigyfka wruqK fï' iS>%fhka jeÆjk Y%u n,ldh i|yd by< M,odhs;djhlska hq;a /lshd

wjia:d yd wdodhà udrA. yákajd°u t;rà myiq lghq;a;la fkdfï' tfy;a Bg wod< jk .%däh

hå;, myiqlà ixjrAOkh ls¯u" .%däh ck;dj ;=, fi!LH yd fmdaIK ;;a;ajh by< ±äu yd

Tjqka w;r iajhx /lshd i|yd m%fïYèfà wjia:d jeÆlr,Su hk lghq;= i|yd fuu jevigyk

uÕska m%uqLia:dkh ,nd° we;'

iuDoaò jevigyfka mÑmd,k yd l<ukdlrK w†hr

ck;d iyNd.S;ajfhka hq;a ixjrAOk jevigykla f,i iuDoaò jevigyk idrA:lj l%shd;aul ls¯u

i|yd .%däh uêgfà isg cd;sl uêgu olajd w†hr lsysmhlska m%cd ixëOdk yd mÑmd,k tall

msysgqjd we;'

miafokdf.a lKavdhu

¥mam;alfà m%n, ,CIK kà ¥mam;=ka ;ksè isçu yd Tjqka w;r ixëOdk Yla;shla fkd;sÉuh' .%däh

uêgfà my,u ixëOdkh f,ig ^mia fokdf.a& l=vd lKavdhu msysgqjd we;' ;u ;ukaf.a leue;a;

u; ¥mam;a mjq,a myla tlaè fuu lKavdhu iEfoa' fuu lKavdhu ks;r /iaè b;sÑ ls¯u i|yd

/iaè idlÄPd mj;ajk w;r" ie,iqà l%shdj,sh mjq, fj; f.k hk b;d fyd| jeÆyså wOHdmk

l%uhla f,io fuh ye|skaëh yel' fuh furg ixialD;shg wdfïksl jQ w;a;à

l%uh mK.ekaèug lrkq ,nk W;aidhla f,igo ye|skaëh yel'

iuDoaò n,ldh

iuDoaò n,ldh msysgqjd we;af;a tys .%du ks<OdÑ jiula ksfhdackh jk f,igh' wod, jifà jhi

18-35 w;r ;reK msÑi fuhg wh;afï' ;reK ;reKshka rfê ixjrAOk l%shdj,sh ie,iqà ls¯ug

fufyhèu yd m%.;s md,khg iànkaO ls¯u iuDoaò n,ldhka msysgqèfà uQ,sl wruqK fï'

3

WmfoaYl iNd

fldêGdYfha m†xî W.;=ka jeÆysåhkaf.ka yd mQcH mCIfhka iukaë; WmfoaYl uKav,h ne.ska

msysgqjd we;s w;r iuDoaò n,ldhg wjYH Wmfoia fuuÕska ,nd.ekSug wkqn, ° we;'

m%dfoaYSh iuDoaò lâgq

m%dfoaYSh f,alàf.a m%Odk;ajfhka m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdYhlg tl ne.ska m%dfoaYSh iuDoaò lâgq

msysgqjd we;' ishÛ m%dfoaYSh rcfha ks,Od¯ka tys idud‚lfhda fj;s' tu m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdYh

;=, iuDoaò jevigyk ls%hd;aul ls¯u ms<sn| ishÛu j.lSà fuu lâgqjg mej¯ we;'

†ia;s%la iuDoaò lâgq

†ia;s%la f,alàf.a m%Odk;ajfhka iy †ia;s%lalfha ishÛ rdcH wdh;k m%Odkskaf.ka fuu lâgq iukaë;

fï' osia;s%lalfha iuDoaò jevigyk ls%hd;aul ls¯fà j.lSu fuu lâgqjg mej¯ we;' .à uêgfà

isg cd;sl uêgu olajd iuDoaò jevigyk ls%hd;aul jk wdldrh rEm igyk wxl 01 ys ±lafï'

rEm igyka wxl 01

iuDoaò jevigyk l%shd;aul lrèfà wdh;ksl ixëOdk jHqyh

mÑmd,k$l<uKdlrk uêgâ wod,jk wdh;k$ ixëOdk

cd;sl uêgu Y%S ,xld iuDoaò wòldÑh

iuDoaò flduidÑia ckrd,a fomdrA;fàka;=j

†<sá iyk fomdrA;fàka;=j

†ia;%sla uêgu

†ia;%sla f,alà$ †ia;%sla

wOHCI

†ia;%sla iuDoaò ldrAhd,

îyldr iuDoaò

flduidÑia&

m%dfoaYSh uêgu

m%dfoaYSh f,alà$

ksfhdacH wOHCI

m%dfoaYSh iuDoaò tallh

ûQ,ia:dk l<uKdlre&

l,dm uêgu l,dm l<uKldlre l,dm l<uKdlre

.%du fiajd jià uêgu

îuDoaò n,ldh&

iykdOdr,dNS mjq,a

^l=vd lKavdhà&

4

iuDoaò jevigyk ls%hd;aul lrk wdh;k


rch ëiska 1994 Tlaf;danrA udifha° iuDoaò flduidÑia ckrd,a fomdrA;fàka;=j msysgqjk ,o w;r

tu fomdrA;fàka;=j uÕska iuDoaò jevigyk l%shd;aul ls¯u wdràN lrk ,°'

†<sá iyk fomdrA;fàka;=j

b;du †<sá ck;djg „jk w;aje,la we;s ls¯fà wruqK we;sj wdrCIK cd,hla f,ig iykdOdr

,nd°fà jevigykla yákajdfok ,°' iuDoaò jevigyk hgf;a iykdOdr ,eÉu i|yd f;dard .kakd

,o mjq,a j,g iykdOdr iemhSfà lghq;= 1995 cQ,s ui isg †<sá iyk flduidÑia fomdrA;fàka;=j

uÕska is¥ lrkq ,eÉh' thg wu;rj" †<sá iyk wdydr uqoaor fnod°u" ëfYaI wdydr uqoaor fnod

°u yd ëh,s i,dl m;%sld fnod°u hk lghq;= fuu fomdrA;fàka;=j uÕska bgq lrkq ,efæ'

YS% ,xld iuDoaò wòldÑh

;reKhska" ia;S%ka iy wjdis iy.; ;;a;ajhg m;aj we;s ck lKavdhà wdrA:sl yd iudc ixjrAOk

lghq;=j,g tlalr .ekSu" Tjqkaf.a iudchSh ia:djrNdjh m%jrAOkh ls¯u iy ¥.Snj ;=rka ls¯u hk

mrudrA: we;sj iuDoaò jevigyk ie,iqà lsÑu yd ls%hd;aul ls¯u i|yd 1995 wxl 30 orK YS%

,xld iuDoaò wòldrS mk; uÕska YS% ,xld iuDoaò wòldÑh msysgqjkq ,eÉh'

by; i|yka l, whqÑka iudcfha ;reKhska" ia;s%ka iy wjdis iy.; ;;a;ajhlg m;aj we;s

lKavdhàj, wdrA:sl iy iudchSh ;;a;ajh jeÆ †hqKq ls¯u i|yd"

Tjqkaf.a wdodhà jeÆ †hqKq ls¯u yd Tjqka w;r /lshd wjia:d iq,N ls¯u'

wdrA:sl yd iudc ixjrAOk lghq;=j,g Tjqka tlalr .ekSu'

mjq,a uêgfà wdrA:sl lghq;= yd m%cd ixjrAOk jHdmD;s iuÕ .à" m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY

†ia;s%la yd m<d;a uêgâka iànkaO ls¯u'

m%;s,dNSkaf.a wNsjDoaòh i|yd Tjqkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh we;sj ixjrAOk jHdmD;s yd fhdackd l%u

ie,iqà lsÑu iy l<ukdlrKh ls¯u'

m%;s,dNSka w;r iyfhda.s;dj we;s ls¯u" Tjqka w;r b;sÑ ls¯à jvjd,Su yd Kh myiqlà

,nd.ekSug iydhèu'

m%;s,dNSkag wod, jk rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk wdh;kj, fiajdjka Tjqka fj; ,nd°ug wjYH

myiqlà iemhsu

hk lghq;= ls%hd;aul ls¯u fuu mk; uÕska iuDoaò wòldÑh fj; mjrd we;'

5

iuDoaò jevigyk W;=re yd kef.kysr fom<df;ka wàmdr †ia;s%lalh muKla we;=¢j †ia;s%lal 18l

1996 jifrA isg ls%hd;aul ëh' 1997 jifrA° iSudiys; jev fldgila l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd uvl,mqj"

;%sl=Kdu,h iy jïkshdjo we;=,;a lr .eKsk'

uqo,a m%;smdok

iuDoaò jevigyk i|yd 1996 jrAIfha isg ,nd oS we;s uqo,a m%;smdok ms<sn| ëia;r j.= wxl 01

ys ±lafjk w;r tu m%;smdok ëëO ldrAhhka i|yd fhdojd we;s wdldrh rEmigyka wxl 01 ys

±lafï'

uqo,a m%;smdok 1996 - 1998

j.= wxl 01

ëia;rh 1996

re' â,shk

1997

re' â,shk

1998

re' â,shk

m%odkhka îykdOdr& 7855 8081 8000.00

m%cd jHdmD;s 254 700 525.50

mÑmd,k îuDoaò kshdul jegqma& 938 959 428.56

Kh jevigyka 100 650 300.00

tl;=j 9147 10390 9254.06

uQ,h( whjeh f,aLkh - uyd NdKavd.drh

iuDoaò uqo,a m%;smdok ëëO ldrAhhka i|yd fhdojd we;s wdldrh

1996 - 1998

rEmigyka wxl 02

7855

254938 100

1996

mqodkhka îykdOdr&

m%cd jHdmD;s

mÑmd,k îuDoaò kshdul jegqma&

Kh jevigyka

8081700959

650

1997

mqodkhka îykdOdr& m%cd jHdmD;s

mÑmd,k îuDoaò kshdul jegqma& Kh jevigyka

8000

525.5 428.56 300

1998

mqodkhka îykdOdr& m%cd jHdmD;s

mÑmd,k îuDoaò kshdul jegqma& Kh jevigyka

6

1996 jirg idfmaCIj 1997 jifrA ishÛu jevigyka i|yd ,nd ° ;snQ m%;smdok 11'96] lska muK

by< f.dia we;s w;r 1997 jirg idfmaCIj 1998 jirg ,nd ° ;snQ m%;smdok m%udKfha 10'93 olajd

my< hdula olakg ;snqKs'


iuDoaò jevigyk wdràN ls¯u" ixëOdk jHqyh ieliSu yd jevlghq;= lÆkâka l%shd;aul ls¯u

wruqKq lrf.k fuu fomdrA;fàka;=j 1994 Tlaf;danrA udifha ° msysgqjk ,°'

1'1 ixëOdk jHqyh Yla;su;a ls¯u

iuDoaò ixjrAOk jevigyk .%däh uêgâka l%shd;aul ls¯u myiq ls¯u i|yd iuDoaò kshdulhska

21465 la m;al< w;r" 1998 wjika jkëg 7839 fofkl=g ixjrAOk ks,Od¯ka jYfhka ia:sr m;aèà

,nd°ug lghq;= fldg we;'

iuDoaò kshdul m;aèà 1996 - 1998

j.= wxl 02

ëia;rh fhdacs; ixLHdj 1996 1997 1998

1' osia;%slal 25 18 22 22

2' m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY 301 200 272 272

3' .%du ks,OdÑ jià 14818 12137 13560 13560

4' kshdulhska ^m;a ls¯u& 33517 25921 31388 31388

5' ixjrAOk ks,Od¯ka 10000 - - 7839

†ia;s%lal wkqj iuDoaò ixjrAOk ks,Od¯ka m;a ls¯fà m%.;sh weuqKqà wxl 01 ys ±lafï'

1997 jir jkëg W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;aj, †ia;s%lal ;=kl iuDoaò ixjrAOk jevigyk wdràN

lrk ,†' 1997 jir ;=< kshdul m;aèà 31388 ,nd ° we;s w;r 1996 jifrA† ,nd° ;snq m;aèà

m%udKh 25921 la ëh' 1995 jifrA isg fà olajd m;aèà ,nd we;s uqÛ kshdul ixLHdj 31388 ls'

1'2 iudc wdrCIK jevigyk

†<sá mjq,a ;u mjq,aj, we;sjk ëëO wjia:d Wod' urK" W.% wikSm yd ëjdy i|yd w;HdjYHfhka

uqo,a ëhoà lr;s' fà i|yd fndfyda ëg Kh uqo,a ,nd.ekSu iq,Nj olakg we;' fà ksid †<skaoka

†<sá lfà isg wirK ;;ajhg m;aèula is¥fï' tjeks wjia:djkays† Tjqkag msysg èu i|yd iudc

wdrCIK jevigyk wrUd we;'

wruqKq

†<sá mjq,a ±kg isåk ;;ajfhka ;j¥rg;a my;g jeçug n,mE yels y†is wdmod fyda ëhoà

w;HjYHjk idudchSh wjia:djkays° tajdfha nr wju lr .ekSu i|yd wdmiq wh fkdlrk

rCIK wdOdr uqo,la mjq,g iemhSu

7

†<sá mjq,aj, yeis¯à rgdj hym;a w;g fjkia ls¯ug Wmldrjk wdl,am jrAOkhg wjYH

jevigyka l%shd;aul ls¯u

iduQysl Yla;s jrAOkhg yd wdrA:sl Yla;s jrAOkhg Wmldr èu uÕska udkj ys;jd° iudc

wdrCIK cd,hla we;s ls¯u

iuDoaò iudc wdrCIK jevigyk hgf;a 1997 ckjdÑ ui 01 osk isg iuDoaò iykdOdr,dNSka

w;=Ñka remsh,a 1000$- iy re' 500$- oSukd ,nk mjq,a j,ska udislj re' 20$- l rCIK jdÑlhla

whlr fuu jevigykg n|jd .kq ,efæ' 1998 cqks 1 osk isg re' 250$- iuDoaò m%;s,dNSka o fuu

jevigykg we;=,;a lr.kakd ,o w;r jdÑl uqo, re' 25 olajd jeÆlr we;'

iudc wdrCIK lghq;= l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd m%dfoaYSh lâgqjla m%dfoaYSh f,alà ldrAhd,fhao" osia;%sla

lâgqjla osia;%sla f,alà ldrAhd,fhao wrUd ldrAhd, fiajl myiqlà ,nd ° we;'

osia;%slalhg wh;a wod, m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdYj," idud‚lhkaf.a wjYH;d i|yd uqo,a f.èu

iuDoaò kshdulhskaf.a yd l,dm l<ukdlrejkaf.a ksrAfoaY u; m%dfoaYSh f,alà ldrAhd, uÕska is¥

lrkq ,efæ'

1'2'1 yákd.;a yosis fyda w;HdjYH idudchSh lghq;= i|yd wdOdr iemhSu

rCIK l%uhg odhl jk idud‚l mjq,aj, is¥jk my; i|yka wjia:d i|yd wdOdr imhkq ,efæ'

mjqf,a idud‚lhl=f.a urKh

- re' 5000$- jirlg tla urKhlg muKs'

idud‚lhd frda.Sèu - osk 07 fyda Bg jeÆ †k .Kkla frday,a .;èuloS jirlg WmÑu osk

30la i|yd osk tllg re' 50$- ne.ska WmÑu re'1500$- ls'

mjqf,a is¥jk tla ëjdyhlg muKla

idud‚lhdg re 3000$- ls'

hefmkakl=g ) re' 1000$- ls'

idud‚lhdf.a mjqf,a tla ore Wm;lg muKla

- re' 2000$- ^m<uq fyda fojk ore Wmf;ka tllg&

iudc wdrCIK mjq, hkq iuDoaò idud‚lhd ^.Dy uQ,sl&" Tyqf.a fyda wehf.a ld,;%hd iy Tyqf.a

wëjdyl orejka we;=,;a l=gqành fï'

1998 jrAIh ;=, rCIKh è we;s mjq,a ixLHdj" Tjqka f.jd we;s jdÑl uqo, iy ,nd° we;s jka†

uqo, j.= wxl 03 ka ±lafï'

iudc wdrCIKh 1997 - 1998

j.= wxl 03

jrAIh idud‚l mjq,a jdÑl uqo,a

re' â,shk

,nd ° we;s jka† uqo,

re' â,shk

1997 935000 204'50 169'78

1998 985000 236'18 212'19

8

1998 jrAIfha iudc wdrCIK jevigyk hgf;a jka† b,a,Sà ixLHdj yd f.jd we;s uqo, ms<sn|

ëia;r †ia;s%lal wkqj weuqKqà wxl 02 ys ±lafï'

1998 jifrA rCIKhë ;snq uqÛ mj q,a m%udKh 985"000 la jQ w;r mjq,a mjq,a 80675 lg jka†

jYfhka re' â,shk 212'16 la f.jd we;'

iuDoaò wdrCIK jevigyk hgf;a 1998 jir ;=< f.jd we;s jka† ixLHdj jrA.SlrKh lr j.=

wxl 04 yd rEm igyka wxl 03 ys ±lafï'

j.= wxl 04 jka† jrA.h ixLHdj

1997 ixLHdj 1998

1998 ° jeh jQ uqo, re'â'

Wm;a 22044 24801 49'71

ëjdy 21353 29614 58'59

f,v frda. 6448 9691 22'31

urK 11543 16569 81'55

tl;=j 61388 80675 212'16

rEmigyka wxl 03

1'2'2 iudc wdrCIK wruqo, hgf;a l%shd;aul flfrk fjk;a jevigyka

1'2'2'1 wOHdmksl jevigyka

keK kqjk wOHdmksl jevigyk

iudc wdrCIK wruqo, ëiska iuDoaò m%;s,dNS mjq,aj, orejkaf.a wOHdmk lghq;= ixjrAOkh ls¯u

i|yd;a m%;s,dNSkaf.a ±Kqu jrAOkh ls¯u i|yd;a WmldÑ jk fia iuDoaò Kek kqjK wOHdmk

jevigyk l%shd;aul lr we;' ta wkqj 1998 jrAIfha meje;ajQ 50 jk ksoyia iure W;aijfha°

m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdYhl m%;s,dNS mjq,a w;Ñka oCI YsIHfhl= ne.ska f;dard f.k 240 fofkl=g

oaë;Sh wOHdmk YsIHFj msÑkud we;'

mdie,a WmlrK yd wNHdi fmd;a ,nd °u

iuDoaò mjq,aj, orejka wOHdmkhg fm<Uèu i|yd f;dard .kq ,enQ oCI isiqka w;r mdie,a

WmlrK" wNHdi fmd;a fnod °fà jevigykla wdràN lrk ,°' tuÕska tla m%dfoaYSh f,alà

fldêGdYhlska jirlg wju jYfhka isiqka 10)25 w;r m%udKhla f;dard .kq ,nk w;r 1998

jrAIfha° ,nd fok ,o mdie,a fmd;a .Kk 1180 ls' ta i|yd re' â,shk 0'34 la jeh è we;'

9

î;%" fmdaiagrA' l:sl ;rÕ

isxy, iy fou< udOHh mdie,a <uqka iyNd.S lrf.k Kek kqjK î;% fmdaiagrA yd l:sl ;rÕ

†ia;%slal yd cd;sl uêgâka meje;aèug mshjr .kq ,enQ w;r 1998 jifrA† †ia;%sla 18 l mj;ajk

,o ;rÕj,ska ch.%dylhska i|yd ;Hd. iy iy;slm;a msÑkuk ,°'

ëfYaI YsIH wdOdr

iuDoaò m%;s,dNS mjq,aj,ska ëYaj ëoHd," ffjoH mSG i|yd f;a¯ m;ajQ isiq isiqëhkag wjYH fmd;a m;a

,nd .ekSu i|yd re' 10"000 ,nd fokq ,eÉh'

kj ksrAudKlrejka †Ñ.ekaëu

wvq wdodhà,dNS mjq,aj, ksrAudKYS,s orejka †Ñ.ekaèu i|yd Tjqkaf.a ksrAudK fjkqfjka ëfYaI

wdOdr ,nd°ug lghq;= lr we;' ta wkqj ;reK fiajd iNdj u.ska mj;ajk ,o ksrAudK ;rÕj,ska

ch.%ykh ,enQ fofofkl=g re' ,CIh ne.ska uq,Hh ;Hd. msÑkuk ,†'

1'2'2'2 fmdaIK iy fi!LH jevigyka

iuDoaò iykdOdr,dNS mjq,aj, orejkaf.a fi!LH yd fmdaIK ;;a;ajh jeÆ †hqKq ls¯u i|yd rCIK

wruqo, u.ska ëfYaI mqyqKq jevigyka wdràN lr we;'

l%Svd YsIHFj

iykdOdr,dNS mjq,aj, orejka w;Ñka †ia;%sla" m<d;a yd cd;sl uêgâka l=i,;d fmkajk l%Svl

l%SÆldjka †Ñ .ekaèu i|yd l%Svd YsIH;aj jevigyk wdràN lrk ,o w;r uilg re' 7"50"000 la

ne.ska l%Svd wruqo,g ,nd fokq ,efæ' ta wkqj 1997 jrAIfha° re' â,shk 1'59 la ,nd ° we;s w;r

1998 ° re' â,shk 5'39 la ,nd° we;' fà hgf;a wdOdr ,enQ l%Svd YsIHFj,dNSka ixLHdj 500 ls'

.%däh m%:udOdr fiajd uOHia:dk msysgqèu

.%däh uêgfà iuDoaò m%;s,dNS iâ;sj,ska f;dard .kq ,enQ iafïÄPd fiajl fiaëldjkag m%:udOdr

lghq;= ms<sn|j mqyqKqj ,nd ° tu fiajd ,nd °ug wjYH WmlrK lêg, iemhSug o tu

uOHia:dk iànkaûlrKh ls¯u o fà hgf;a is¥ flfrA' fuu jevigyk Y%s ,xld r;= l=rei

ixëOdkh iy fi!LH yd foaYSh ffjoH wud;HdxYfha iyh we;sj l%shd;aul lrkq ,efæ' 1998

jifrA° m%:udOdr fiajd i|yd ;reK ;reKshka 335 fokl=g mqyqKqj ,nd ° we;s w;r msysgqjk ,o

m%:udOdr uOHia:dk .Kk 40 ls'

wdodhà jrAOkhg yd idudc ;;a;aj jrAOkhg Wmldr èu

10

iuDoaò m%;s,dNSkaf.a wdodhà yd idudc ;;a;ajhka jrAOkh ls¯u i|yd f;dard.kq ,enQ m%foaYhkays

iq¥iq kshdul jHdmD;s l%shd;aul ls¯ug mshjr f.k we;'

m%cd ixjrAOk jHdmD;s

tu kshuq jHdmD;s l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd my; i|yka m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY f;dard f.k we;'

j.= wxl 05

m%d'f,a' fldêGdYh ork ,o ëhou

re' â,shk

wdkuvqj 0'05

lrej,.iajej 0'27

yÕ=rkafl; 0'50

fydrK 1'00

tl;=j 1'82

fuu jevigyk hgf;a iykdOdr,dNSkag ksjdi" Tjqkaf.a wdodhà yd /lshd W;amdokhg wjYH

jHdmD;s" udrA. yd mdkSh c, fhdackd l%u werüug mshjr f.k we;'

iajhx /lshd i|yd uyk ueIska ,nd°u

m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY uêgâka f;dard .kakd ,o iykdOdr,dNSkag myiq f.èfà l%uh hgf;a

uyk ueIska â,° .ekSug Kh uqo,a ,nd ° we;'

j.= wxl 06

jrAIh ,ndfok ,o uyk

ueIska ixLHdj

Kh uqo,a

re' â'

Kh wdmiq whèu

re' â'

1997 4991 16'49 6'12

1998 536 1'27 4'77

tl;=j 5527 17'76 10'89

len,s fr† fnod °u

weÕ¢à ksIamdokh i|yd uyk ueIska ,nd¥ka whg iyk â, hgf;a len,s fr† imhd we;'

j.= wxl 07

jrAIh ,ndfok ,o

ls' .%E' m%udKh

jåkdlu

re'

1998 5201 650"125'00

frdao mqgq ,nd°u

m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY uêgâka f;dard .kakd ,o wdndò; mqoa.,hska i|yd fkdâf,a frdao mqgq

fnod fok ,°'

j.= wxl 08

jrAIh m%udKh jåkdlu

11

re'

1998 133 1130500'00

2' †<sá iyk fomdrA;fàka;=j

2'1 iuDoaò iykdOdr jevigyk

†<sá ck fldgiaj, wdodhà ;;a;ajh hemSà uêgul ;nd .ekSu i|yd mj;ajdf.k hk jevigykla

f,i iuDoaò iykdOdr jevigyk yákajd †h yel'

fuu jevigyk hgf;a udisl wdodhu re'1000$- g wvq mjq,a udisl °ukdjla ,eÉug ysâlà ,n;s'

fà i|yd .%du ks,OdÑ jià uêgâka m;alrkq ,enQ iuDoaò kshdulhska uÕska mjq,a f;dr;=re tla/ia

ls¯fà iäCIKhla mj;ajd iykdOdr ,eÅh hq;= ;;a;ajfha mjq,a yákd.; hq;= ëh'

1995 wf.daia;= udifha° iuDoaò iykdOdr jevigyk wdràN ls¯ug m%:u W;=re" kefÕkysr msyså

†ia;%slal yer †jhsfka b;sÑ †ia;%slal 17 ys fufia mjq,a f;dr;=re tla/ia ls¯fà iäCIKhla

meje;ajqKs' W;=re" kefÕkysr m,df;a mej;s hqOuh jd;djrKh ksid tu fmfoiays fuu iäCIKh

ls¯ug tjlg wjldYhla fkdjqKs' tfia jqj;a iduldä ;;a;ajhla mej;s wàmdr †ia;%slalfha wàmdr"

uyTh" m†h;,dj" ouk" foysw;a;lKaÆh" ,dyq.," Wyk hk m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdYj, muKla

mjq,a f;dr;=re tla/ia fldg iuDoaò iykdOdr jevigyk l%shd;aul ls¯ug lghq;= fh¥Ks'

fuu m¯CIKfha° iuDoaò kshduljreka ëiska iEu .Dyia:hlgu f.dia mjqf,a idud‚lhska ms<sn|

f;dr;=reo ta ta whf.a wdodhà udrA.o" mjq,g wh;a pxp, yd ksYap, foam, ms<sn| f;dr;=reo" ta ta

mjq, ëiska udislj lrkq ,nk ëhoà ms<sn| ëia;ro tl;= lr.kq ,enqKs' wjYH wjia:djkays°

Tjqka wi,ajeishkaf.kao wod, mjqf,a ëia;r yd wdodhà ;;a;ajh ms<sn| lreKq tl;= lr.kakg

fh¥Ks' fuu ëia;r wkqj iuDoaò kshduljreka ëiska tla tla mjqf,a udisl wdodhà ;lafiare lr"

udisl iyKdOdrhla ,nd†h hq;= mjq,a yákd.kakg fh¥Ks'

fuu yákd.ekSfuka wk;=rej b;du;a †<sá mjq,a" tkà udisl wdodhu re'500$- g wvq tfiau

hefmkakka ixLHdj y;rlg jeÆ mjq,a fjkafldg tu mjq,a 1 jeks ldKavh jYfhka fjkafldg tu

mjq,a i|yd re'1000$- ne.ska jQ udisl °ukdjla ,nd°ug lghq;= lr we;'

b;sÑ os<sá mjq,a idud‚l ixLHdj wkqj kej; fldgia ;=klg fjkalrkq ,enqKs' mjqf,a hefmkakka

ixLHdj ;=kla fyda jeÆ ixLHdjla we;s mjq,a II jeks ldKavh jYfhka fjka lrkq ,enqKS' tu mjq,a

i|yd uilg re'500$- ne.ska °ukdjla ysâëh' idud‚lhska fofokl=f.ka iukaë; mjq,a III jeks

ldKavh jYfhka fjkalrkq ,enQ w;r tu mjq,a i|yd re' 200$- l udisl °ukdjla ysâëh' ;ks

mqoa.,hska iys; mjq,a tall IV jeks ldKavhg wh;a ëh' fuu ldKavh i|yd re'100$- l udisl

°ukdjla ysâëh' ,shdm†xî iudc fiajd wdh;kj, fkajdislhskao" ëfY aI wdodhà udrA.hla fkdue;s

ëëO wd.àj, mQcljrekao ;ks mqoa.,hska f,i i,ld fuu IV jeks lKavdhug we;=,;a fldg

re'100$- udisl °ukdj ,nd°ug lghq;= flreKs'

äg wu;rj W;=re$kefÕkysr ls%hdkaë; fiajfhys kshq;= jQjka †Ñ.ekaèula jYfhka tu whf.a mjq,a

i|yd iuDoaò iykdOdr ,nd°fà ëfYaI wkq.%yhla olajkakg lghq;= fhdokq ,enqKs' fuu wkq.%yh

12

hgf;a tjeks whf.a mjq,a i|yd iykdOdr ,nd°u mjqf,a wdodhu .Kka ne,Sfà°" l%shdkaë; fiajfhys

kshq;= idud‚lhska Wmhk wdodhu mjqf,a wdodhug tl;= fkdls¯ug ;SrKh lr we;' fà wkqj W;=re

kefÕkysr l%shdkaë; fiajfhys kshq;= whf.a mjq,aj, fiiq idud‚lhska Wmhk udisl wdodhu

re'1000$- g wvqkà tu mjq,a i|yd iuDoaò °ukd ,nd°ug lghq;= lrkq ,efæ'

1997 ckiëh mk; wfydais ls¯u;a iuÕu tf;la ckiëh jevigyk hgf;a re'250$- l udisl

°ukdjla ,nâka iså mjq,ao iuDoaò jevigykg we;=,;a lr.; hq;=ëh' iuDoaò jevigyk hgf;a

iyk ,nd†h hq;= jkafka re'1000$- g wvq udisl wdodhà,dNS mjq,aj,g jqj;a" tjeks iäCIKhla

meje;aèug l,a fkdjQ neëka 1997 ckjdÑ ui isgu ckië jevigyk hgf;a re'250$- °ukdj

,nâka iså iEu mjq,la i|ydu wm ëiska iuDoaò iykdOdr ,nd°ug lghq;= flreKs' fuu mjq,a

iuDoaò iykdOdr,dNS V jeks ldKavh f,i i,ld tu mjq,a i|yd udislj re'250$- l °ukdjla

,nd°ug lghq;= flreKs' fufia 1997 jir uq,° re'250$- °ukdj ,enQ ckië mjq,a ixLHdj 403"032

la ëh'

1997 cQks udifha wud;H uKav,h ëiska .kq ,enQ ;SrKhla mÑ† W;=re$kefÕkysr m<d;aj, iuDoaò

kshduljreka m;alr ;snQ tfiau iuDoaò jevigyk l%shd;aul ls¯ug iq¥iq mÑirhla mj;sk

fmfoiaj,o iuDoaò iykdOdr jevigyk ls%hd;aul l<hq;= ëh' fà wkqj wm ëiska 1997 wf.daia;=

udifha isg ls%hd;aul jk mÑ† kefÕkysr m,df;a †ia;%slal ;=fkys iy W;=re m<df;a jjqkshdj ol=K

m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdYfhys wdydr uqoaor ,nâka iså mjq,a w;=Ñka re'1000$- g wvq wdodhà ,enQ

mjq,a f;dardf.k iuDoaò iykdOdr ,nd°ug lghq;= lrkq ,enqKs' tu mjq,ao iuDoaò iyk ,nk V

jeks ldKavdhug tl;= lrkq ,enQ w;r tu mjq,a i|ydo udislj re'250$- °ukdjla ysâëh'

1997 w. Nd.fha° udislj re'250$- iuDoaò iykdOdr ,enQ ckiëh mjq,aj, wdodhà ;;a;ajh

m¯CIdlr n,d re'1000$- jeÆ wdodhà ,enQ mjq,a f;dard fjkalr .ekSug lghq;= fhdok ,°' fufia

f;dard.kq ,enQ mjq,a ixLHdj 44671 ls' 1998 fmnrjdÑ ui iuDoaò °ukd ksl=;a lrkëg tu mjq,a

44671 iuDoaò iykdOdr jevigykska bj;a lrkq ,enqKs'

iuDoaò iykdOdr i|yd f;dard.kq ,nk mjq,a j,g wod, °ukd" m;%sldjla uÕska ,nd°ug lghq;=

i,id we;' iuDoaò °ukd m;%sldjl udi yhl uqoaor wvx.= fï' fà wkqj iuDoaò °ukd m;%sld udi

yfhka yhg wÛ;a l<hq;= fï' fuu wÛ;a ls¯àj,° iuDoaò,dNSka w;r isåk wdodhà ;;a;ajh

hym;a w;g m;ajQ mjq,a iykdOdr jevigykska bj;a ls¯ug;a" wÛ;ska yákd.kq ,nk †<sá mjq,a

iyKdOdr jevigykg we;=,;a lr .ekSug;a wjldY ie,fia'

1998 jir i|yd iuDoaò iykdOdr jevigyk hgf;a †<sá iyk fomdrA;fàka;=jg fjkalr fokq

,enqfï remsh,a oY,CI 8000 l m%;smdokhls' fà ;;a;ajh hgf;a l,ska jifrA iykdOdr ,enQjka

ishÛ fokdgu thdldrfhkau °ukd ,nd†h fkdyels jQ ksid wdodhà ;;a;ajh hym;aèu fya;=fjka

jevigykska bj;a lrk mjq,a fjkqfjka wÛ;ska yákd.kq ,enQ mjq,a iykdOdr jevigykg we;=,;a

ls¯ug wjir fkdfok ,°' fà wdldrfhka 1998 w.jk ëg mjq,a 84546 la iykddOdr jevigykska

bj;alr .; yels ëh' m%;sY;hla f,i ne¡ ëg fuu wvqèu 4] ls'

13

iuDoaò °ukd m;%sld ksl=;a ls¯fà uQ,sl woyi jkqfha wvq wdodhà,dNS mjq,aj,g t†fkod wdydr fï,

imhd .ekSug w;HjYH wdydr øjH ,nd.ekSug wdOdrhla ie,iSuhs' fà i|yd iEu °ukd m;%sldjlu

tla tla udih i|yd NdKav â,° .eksu i|yd uqoaorhla we;'

re'1000$- yd re'500$- °ukd m;%sldj, äg wu;rj tla tla udih i|yd ;j;a uqoaor ;Sre folla

we;' tl ;Srejl we;af;a uqo,a lr.ekSu i|ydjk uqoaorhls' tu uqoaorh hgf;a iuDoaò,dNshdg ;u

wjYH;djhka i|yd ;u iuQmldr iâ;sfhka uqo,a ,nd.ekSug wjldY we;' fojeks ;Srfhys we;af;a

wksjdrAh b;sÑ ls¯u i|yd Ndë;d l<hq;= uqoaorhls' th iuDoaò,dNshd fjkqfjka nexl= .sKqul

;ekam;a lrkq ,efæ' iuDoaò,dNSkag b;sÑls¯fà yqrejlao we;s lr°u fuys wruqKhs'

äg wu;rj re'500$- yd re'1000$- iuDoaò ,dNSkaf.ka udislj re'20$- l jdÑlhla iuDoaò wdrCIK

wruqo, i|yd imhd.kq ,efæ' iuDoaò,dNS mjq,l urKhla" wikSmhla" ore Wm;la" ëjdy ux.,Hhla

jeks y†isfha wu;r uqo,la jeh l<hq;= wjia:djla we;sjqjfyd;a tu wjia:dj i|yd fuu wruqo,

uÕska uqo,a wdOdr imhkq ,efæ' miq.sh jifrA fkdjeànrA ui isg re'250$- l °ukd,dNSkaf.kao

re'25$- l udisl jdÑlhla iuDoaò iudc wdrCIK wruqo, i|yd whlrf.k tu iuDoaò,dNSkago

iudc wdrCIK fhdackd l%uh hgf;a idud‚l;ajh ,nd†ug lghq;= lrk ,†'

1998 jifrA ° wjika jrg iuDoaò iykdOdr wÛ;a lrkq ,enqfï wf.daia;= udifha°h' ta wkqj ksl=;a

lrk ,o iuDoaò †ukd m;%sld m%udKh my; ±lafï'

iuDoaò iykdOdr m;%sld 1996" 1997" 1998

j.= wxl 16 iykdOdr jåkdlu

re'

1996 ksl=;a l< m;s%ld



.Kk jåkdlu re'â'

.Kk jåkdlu re'â'

.Kk jåkdlu re'â'

1000$) 23310 23'31 17888 17'89 14359 14'35

500$) 902675 451'34 900148 450'07 896783 448'39

250$) 412257 103'06 561109 65'82 521886 130'47

200$) 317774 63'55 329089 22'15 323710 64'74

100$) 230389 23'04 221491 140'28 216445 21'64

tl;=j 1886405 664'30 2029725 696'21 1973183 679'61

†ia;%slal wkqj °ukd m;%sld ksl=;a lrwe;s wdldrh weuqKqà wxl 03 ka meye†,sfï' fà wkqj tla tla

jåkdlâka hq;a †ukd m;s%ld,dNSkaf.a m%;sY;h my; i|yka mÑ† fï'

re' 1000$- iyk,dNska 0'7]





14

100]

2'2 fmdaIK iykdOdr jevigyk

†<sá iyk fomdrA;fàka;=j uÕska †<sá mjq,aj, wÛ;ska ore Wm;a ,nk ujqkaf.a hym; i|yd

fmdaIK iykdOdr jevigyk l%shd;aul lrkq ,efæ'

fuu jevigyk hgf;a iuDoaò iykdOdr,dNs mjq,a i|yd iy iuDoaò jevigyk ls%hd;aul fkdjk

fmfoiays re'1000$- g wvq udisl wdodhula ,nk mjq,aj, wÛ;ska ore Wm;la is¥jQ ëg tu orejdf.a

uj i|yd orejdg udi 12 imsfrk ;=re fmdaIK °ukd m;%sldjla uÕska re'100$- l udisl °ukdjla

ksl=;a lrkq ,efæ'

<orejdf.a fi!LH yd fmdaIK ;;a;ajh hym;aj ;nd.; yelsjk mÑ† orejdg uïlsÑ °fà m%jK;dj

jeÆ†hqKq lr,Su i|yd ujg wjYH fmdaIHckl wdydr â<° .ekSug wdOdr ls¯u fuu jevigyfkys

wruqKhs'

fuu jevigyk .ek iudc fiajd ks,Od¯ka yd iuDoaò ixjrAOk ks,Od¯ka$ iuDoaò kshdulhska uÕska

ck;dj ±kqj;a ls¯ug lghq;= fhdod we;'

1999 jifrA fuu jevigyk hgf;a fmdaIK °ukdj ,enQ uïjrekaf.a ixLHdj ,CIh blaujd we;'

1998 foieànrA udih jkëg fmdaIK †ukd ,nâka iså uïjrekaf.a ixLHdj 78430 ls' †ia;%slal wkqj

fmdaIK †ukd m;%sld ksl=;a ls¯u ms<sn| ixLHd f,aLK jdrA;dj weuqKqà wxl 04 ys ±lafï'

1998 jir ;=, fmdaIK °ukd ksl=;a ls¯u hgf;a jehl< uqo, re'78"430"000 ls'

2'3 iudc ixjrAOk jevigyk

iuDoaò,dNS mjq,a i|yd iudc ixjrAOk jevigyklao †<sá iyk fomdrA;fàka;=j uÕska ls%hd;aul

flfrA'

fuu jevigyk mshjr ;=klska hqla;h'

1' iudcfiajd ks,Od¯kayg iudc ixjrAOkh Wfoid lghq;= ls¯u ms<sn| ±kqu wÛ;a ls¯u msKsi

ëjO fCIa;% hgf;a flåld,Sk mqyqKq mdGud,d ixëOdkh ls¯u

2' iudcfiajd ks,Od¯kayg °rA> ld,Sk ëfYaI mqyqKq mdGud,d ixëOdkh ls¯u

3' iudc fiajd ks,Od¯ka uÕska iuDoaò ixjrAOk ks,Od¯kaf.a iydh we;sj ;u fldêGdYj,

iudc ixjrAOkh Wfoid l<hq;= ldrAhhka yákdf.k ëëO jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul ls¯u

flåld,Sk mqyqKq mdGud,d

15

1999 jrAIh ;=< †ia;%slal 5 l m%dfoaYSh f,alà ldrAhd,j,g wkqhqla;j iså iudcfiajd ks,Od¯ka

i|yd mQrAj <udëh ixjrAOkh ms<sn| †k ;=kl fkajdisl mqyqKq mdGud,d ixëOdkh lrk ,°' <ud

f,alà ldrAhd,fha fufyhèfuka fuu jevigyk iàmdokh lr.kq ,enQ w;r" jevigyfka

iàm;aodhlhska f,i iudc ixjrAOk wdh;kfha yd cd;sl ls%ia;shdks ix.ufha odhl;ajho ,nd.kakd

,°'

fuu mqyqKq mdGud,dj uÕska m<uq wjqre¥ my ;=< <uhdf.a udkisl yd fi!LH jrAOkh Wfoid

lghq;= l<hq;= wdldrh .ek;a ta i|yd f.or mÑirh ilia ls¯u foudmshka ±kqj;a ls¯u i|yd

iudcfiajd ks,OdÑfhl= mqyqKq lrefjl= yd wûCIlhl= f,i lghq;= l<hq;= wdldrh .ek;a fuu

iudcfiajd ks,Od¯ka yg ëfYaI ±kqula ,ndfokakg fh¥Ks'

äg wu;rj wm ëiska iEu †ia;%slalhlau ksfhdackh jk mÑ† f;dard .kq ,enQ iudc fiajd ks,Od¯ka

30 fokl= i|yd jHdmD;s ilia ls¯u f,aLk ms<sn| †k 12 l mdGud,djlao mj;ajkakg fh¥Ks'

fuu mdGud,dj yeãrE iudcfiajd ks,OdÑhdg ;u †ia;%slalfha iudcfi ajd ks,Od¯ka yd iuDoaò

ixjrAOk ks,Od¯ka ±kqj;a ls¯u i|yd ëfYaI mqyqKqjlao ,nfok ,°'

†.=ld,Sk mdGud,d

iEu †ia;%slalhlau ksfhdackh jk mÑ† f;dard.kq ,enQ iudc fiajd ks,Od¯ka 25 fofkl= i|yd 1998

jifrA° ufkdaëoHd Æmaf,daud mdGud,djla yd WmfoaYkh ms<sn| Wiia iy;sl m;% mdGud,djla wm

ëiska ixëOdkh lrk ,°'

Y%S ,xld ufkdaëoHd wdh;kh uÕska fld<U yd le<Ksh ëYaj ëoHd,j, fuu mdGud,d fufyhjkakg

fh¥Ks' fld<U ëYaj ëoHd,fha iy le<Ksh ëYaj ëoHd,fha fcHIaG l:sldpdrAhjreka fuys

foaYljreka f,i lghq;= l<y'

fuu mdGud,d yeã¯fuka wk;=rej mej;s m¯CIK foflka iudcfiajd ks,Od¯ka 23 fofkl= idudrA:h

,nd we;' fà wkqj ±kg fomdrA;fàka;=j hgf;a ufkdaëoHd Æmaf,daudOd¯ka yd WmfoaYkh ms<sn|

Wiia iy;sl m;%,dNSka 23 fokl= we;' fuu msÑig Y%S ,xldfï ëoaj;a WmfoaYljrekaf.a ix.ufha

idud‚l;ajh msÑkud we;s w;r" ks;Hdkql+,j ufkdaëoHd WmfoaYljreka f,i fiajh ls¯ug n,m;%o

,eÉ we;' †<sá mjq,aj, ëëO wiyk ksid mSvd ë|sk whj¢kaf.a Y+N isoaòh i|yd fuu msÑif.a

fiajh ,nd°ug lghq;= fhdokq ,efæ'

iudc ixjrAOk l%shdldrlà

iudc fiajd ks,Od¯ka ëiska" iudc ixjrAOk ks,Od¯kaf.ao iydh we;sj †<sá mjq,aj, Wkak;sh i|yd

wndò; mqkqre;a:dmkh" <ud Y=N idOkh" wirK jeÆysåhkag msysgèu" u;a Wj¥rej,g f.d¥re jQ

mjq,a j,g msysgèu" mdie,a fkdhk <uqka i|yd jevigyka l%shd;aul ls¯u" ueo fmr†. .sh

fouïmshkaf.a mjq,aj, Y+NidOkh jeks ëëO fCIa;%hka hgf;a iudc ixjrAOk jHdmD;s l%shd;aul

lrkakg fh¥Ks'

16

†<sá mjq,aj, wkdrCIs; l=mams ,dàmq Ndë;h ksid we;sjk Wj¥re ¥r,Su i|yd Y%S ,xld ffjoH

ix.ufha wdOdr we;sj mjq,a ±kqj;a fldg wdrCIs; l=mams ,dàmq wvq â,lg fnodye¯fà jHdmD;shla

l%shd;aul lrkakg fh¥Ks' miq.sh jifrA fà hgf;a mjq,a 10"000 lg muK fiajhla ie,iqKs'

2'4 wj;ekajQ mjq,a i|yd ëh<s i,dl m;%sld ,nd†u

w;HjYH fiajd flduidÑia ldrAhd,h ëiska wj;ekajQ mjq,a i|yd my; olajk mÑ† udisl °ukdjla

,nd°ug lghq;= flreKs'

mjqf,a idud‚lhska .Kk udisl °ukdj ^re&

01 168 X 2 = 336

02 380 X 2 = 616

03 420 X 2 = 840

04 504 X 2 = 1008

05 yd Bg jeÆ 630 X 2 = 1260

fuu °ukdj ,ndfokqfha i,dl m;%sldjla uÕsks' fà i|yd wjYH i,dl m;%sld uqøKh lr fnodye¯u

†<sá iyk fomdrA;fàka;=j uÕska is¥flfrA' 1998 jrAIfha° udi yfhka yhg i,dl m;%sld ksl=;a

lrk ,°' 1998 w. jkëg fufia ëh,s i,dl ,enQ mjq,a ixLHdj 113"558 ls' ta ta †ia;%slal i|yd

tu i,dl m;%sld fnod ¥ka wdldrh wuqKd we;s jdrA;dfjka meye†,s fï'

fuu i,dl m;%sld uÕska ,nd¥ka udisl iykdOdrh re'105"406"672$- ls'

rEmigyka wxl 04

1996" 1997 iy 1998 jrAIhka ;=< ksl=;a lr we;s iykdOdr m;%sld m%udKh fjka fjka jYfhka

remigyka wxl 04 ys ±lafï'

0

200

400

600

1000 500 250 200 100

jåkd

lu r

e'â

'

iykdOdr

iuDoaò iykdOdr jåkdlu 1996-1998

1996 1997 1998

17

iuDoaò iykdOdr m;%sld ,nd°u 1996 - 1998

rEmigyka wxl 05

1996

4%

67%

16%

10% 3% 1000

500

200

100

250

1997

3%

65%

9%

3%

20% 1000

500

200

100

250

2%

71%

14%

10%

3%

1998

1000

500

250

200

100

18

3' YS% ,xld iuDoaò wòldÑh

3'1 wksjdrAh b;sÑ ls¯à

¥mam;a ck;dj ;=< b;sÑls¯fà mqreoao kxjd,Sug;a tuÕska Tjqkaf.a iqÛ Kh wjYH;djka imqrd,Su;a

wruqKq lr.ksâka wksjdrAh b;sÑls¯fà l%uh wrUd we;' iuDoaò jevigyk hgf;a re'1000$- iy

re'500$- ne.ska iykdOdr ,nk mjq,a j,ska uilg ms<sfj,ska re'200$- yd re'100$- ne.ska whlr

wksjdrAh b;sÑls¯à wruqo,la wrUd we;s w;r fuf;la iykdOdr,dNSka ëiska ta hgf;a b;sÑlr we;s

uqo,a m%udKh ms<sn| ëia;r j.= wxl 12 iy 13 ys ±lafï'

wksjdrAh b;sÑls¯à wruqo,a 1996 - 1998

j.= wxl 12

ëia;rh 1996 1997 1998

mjq,a .Kk 925985 918036 897803

iuqÄî; b;sÑ ls¯à ^re' â,shk& 1517'54 2519'77 3764'15

1998 jrAIh wjika jkëg iuqÄî; wksjdrAh b;sÑls¯à †ia;%sla wkqj jrA.SlrKh weuqKqà wxl 05

ys ±lafï' ta wkqj wksjdrAhh b;sÑls¯à mjq,a .Kk 1997 jrAIhg idfmaCIj 1998 jrAIfha° mjq,a

20233 l my< hdula olakg ,efæ' fuhg fya;= è we;af;a 1000 iy 500 iykdOdr ,nkakkaf.a

m%udKh wvq èuhs'

wksjdrAh b;sÑ ls¯à wdfhdack wruqo,a 1996 - 1998

^remsh,a â,shk& j.= wxl 13

†ia;s%lalh 1996 1997 1998

fld<U 73'170 121'305 178'74

.àmy 141'262 234'740 358'67

lÛ;r 86'138 139'222 204'47

.d,a, 98'691 163'876 230'76

ud;r 98'660 158'261 216'51

yànkaf;dg 72'952 118'970 177'91

r;akmqr 141'869 228'323 331'41

lE.,a, 68'273 108'296 157'17

uykqjr 109'999 180'259 268'29

ud;f,a 70'380 98'326 125'79

kqjrt<sh 19'518 36'994 53'56

l=reKE., 174'647 329'594 548'41

mq;a;,u 80'298 135'749 206'32

n¥,a, 67'099 105'429 171'71

fudKrd., 56'822 88'612 142'36

wkqrdOmqr 96'535 160'248 225'56

fmdf,dkakrej 30'529 60'353 91'91

wàmdr 30'696 51'216 74'54

tl;=j 1517'543 2519'773 3764'15

19

rEm igyka wxl 06

3'1'1 wksjdrAh b;sÑ ls¯à wdfhdack .sKqà

iuDoaò m%;s,dNSkaf.a wksjdrAh b;sÑls¯à wruqo,a ner ls¯u i|yd m%;s,dNSka kâkau iuDoaò wdfhdack

.sKqu kâka ëfYaI .sKqà uyck nexl=jg yd ,xld nexl=jg wh;a YdLdj, ëjD;lr we;s w;r

wksjdrAh b;sÑlsÑà wruqo,a tla tla iuDoaò,dNshd kâka wdfhdack .sKqàj, ;ekam;a lr we;'

3'2 iafïÄPd b;sÑls¯à

l=vd lKavdhà .;jQ iuDoaò iykdOdr,dNSkaf.a uQ,sl l%shdldrlula jk iajleue;af;ka f.dv kÕk

lKavdhà wruqo, iafïÄPd b;sÑls¯à hkqfjka ye|skafï' fuu uqo,aj,ska Kh .Kq fokq i|yd fhdod

.ekSfuka miq b;sÑjk w;sÑla; uqo,a iuQy .sKqula hgf;a iuDoaò nexl= ix.ufha ;ekam;a lrkq

,efæ' tuksid iuQy b;=reà Yla;sh jrAOkh ls¯u fà hgf;a is¥fï' miq.sh jir;=< l=vd lKavdhà

183915 la ëiska b;sÑ lrkq ,enQ iafïÄPd b;sÑls¯à m%udKh re' â' 407'21 ls'

†ia;%sla uêgâka fuf;la msysgqjd we;s l=vd lKavdhà m%udKh iy tu lKavdhà ;=< lr we;s

iafïÄPd b;sÑls¯à m%udKh weuqKqà wxl 06 ys ±lafï'

3'3 m%cd jHdmD;s ixjrAOk jevigyk

m%cd jHdmD;s ixjrAOk jevigyfkys wruqK .%däh m%cdjf.a wjYH;d wkqj ixjrAOkhg wod, hå;,

myiqlà iemhSuhs' .%däh uêgfà l=vd jeï ms<silr lsrSà" wuqKq we,fï,s" me;s neâ ne|Su yd

m%;sixialrKh" lDIs <sx" l=vd mrsudKfha .=re;aj c, fhdackd l%u jeks l=vd mrsudKfha hå;,

myiqlà ixjrAOkh Wfoid rdcH wdfhdackhka fjkaè fkdue;s ;ràh' jdrsudrA." f.dëck fiajd lDIs

ixjrAOkh jeks wdh;k nyq, jYfhka jeÆ jåkdlâka hq;a jHdmD;Ska flfrys m%uqL;ajh ,ndoS we;'

l=vd wf,ë uOHia:dk" ksIamdok tl;= lsrSfà uOHia:dk iduqysl /lshd wjia:djka yd l=vd mrsudKfha

mdrsirsl moaO;Ska wdrCId lsrSug yels jHdmD;Ska i|yd m%uqL;ajh ,eÉ we;af;a iqÛ jYfhks' fujeks

lreKQ i,ld n,d .%däh uêgfà hå;, myiqlà jeÆ oshqKq lsrSfà wruqKska m%cd jHdmD;s ixjrAOk

jevigyk hgf;a .%däh uêgfà iqÛ jdrsudrA." jeï wuqKq Bg wod, me;s neâ hkdosh m%cd

1517.543

2519.773

3764.15

0500

1000150020002500300035004000

1996 1997 1998

wruqo, r

e'â

wksjdrAh b;sÑls̄ à1996-1998

20

iyNd.s;ajh ;=<ska m%;sixialrKh lsrSug yd jeÆ oshqKq lsrSug;a wNdjhg hâka meje;s tjeks

jHdmD;Ska kej; ia:dms; lsrSu;a is¥flfrA' fujeks ms<silr lsrSà uÕska oeÆ kshx ld,fhaoS mjd

c,dYj, c,h r|jd ;nd.ekSug yelshdj ,eÉu" .%däh ckhdg è j.dj yer fjk;a w;sfrAl fnda.

j.dj i|yd wjYH c,h tla/ia lr.ekSu" wod< iqÛ jHdmD;Ska wdY%s;j N+.; c,h /oèfuka

w;sfrAl fnda. j.d lsrSug yels mrsirhla we;sèu yd wju N+.; c,h r|jd .ekSfà fya;=fjka .j

iàm; yd ârsosh u;aiH lrAudka;hg iq¥iq mdÑiÑl ;;ajhla we;sfï'

fmd¥ lDIs <sx" mdkSh <sx yd l=vd mrsudKfha .=re;aj c, fhdackd l%u uÕska ëfYaIfhka oeÆ kshx

ld,hkaysoS Y=Ial m%foaYj,g we;sjk c, ysÕh uÕyerèu Wfoid fujeks l=vd mrsudKfha jHdmD;Ska

yákajd oS we;'

ksIamdok m%jdyhg wod< jkakdjQ .%däh uêgfà udrA. boslsrSà" fndalal= yd mÆ fm<j,a boslsrSà yd

.%däh i;s fmd<j,a ksIamdok wf,ë uOHia:dk" tl;= lsrSfà uOHia:dk jeks fmd¥ wjYH;d iemsfrk

whqÑka lghq;= ls¯u fuu jevigyfkka is¥flfrA'

by; wruqKq <Õd lr.ekSu i|yd m%cd wjYH;djh u; iuDoaò m%;s,dNSka yd iuDoaò n,ldh

idlÄPd fldg f;dard.;a jHdmD;Skays ëhoâka 10]-25] m%;sY;hla Y%u odhl;ajh hgf;a bgqflfrA'

tysoS ëfYaI wjOdkh fhduq jkafka m%;s,dNSkaf.a wdrA:sl yd iudchSh ;;a;ajh by< uêgulg

kxjd,sh yels jHdmD;Ska i|yd jk w;r jHdmD;sh wdràNl wjia:dfï isg tys ksudj olajdo bkamiq

jHdmD;sh kv;a;= lsrSfà lghq;=o wLKav m%cd odhl;ajhla hgf;a is¥fï'

fuysoS ëfYaI wjOdkh fhduqlrkq ,nk lreKq jkafka ±kg mj;sk fm!oa.,sl fldka;%d;a l%uh msgq

oelSu;a ck;d wjYH;djh u; bosfjk jHdmD;Ska flfrys jeÆ wjOdkh fhduq lrâka m%cdjf.a

ffoksl wjYH;d imqrd.; yels wdrA:sl yd iudcSh jYfhka Wiia uêgul mj;sk jHdmD;s ck;d

iyNd.S;ajh we;sju b†ls¯u i|yd f;dard .eksu;ah'

1995 isg 1998 jrAIh olajd isï wjqre¥ ld,h ;=, .%däh m%cd jHdmD;s jevigyk hgf;a ëh,s

l,dmSh jeï ixjrAOkh lsrSfà Y%u iQCIu jevigyk" .%däh iqÛ jdrsudrA. mqkre;a:dmk jevigyk

yd kshuq jHdmD;shla jYfhka f;dard.;a l,dm 218 l l%shd;aul jk l,dm ixjrAOk jevigyk"

iuDoaò nexl= yd l,dm ldrAhd, boslsrSà" jD;a;Sh mqyqKqj jeks jevigyka uÕska .%däh m%cdjf.a

wjYH;d imqrd,Sug lghq;= lr ;sfæ' ta wkqj 1998 jrAIh wjika jkëg m%cd jHdmD;s 40334 la

ksulr we;s w;r ta i|yd re'â,shk 1260'72 jeh lr ;sfæ' fà ms<sn| ëia;r j.= wxl 14 ys

olajd we;'

21

j.= wxl 14

m%cd jHdmD;s wdfhdackh 1995 -1998

jrAIh osia;%sla f,alà

fldêGdY

m%d' f,a' fldêGdY

ixLHdj

wdfhdack

^re'â,shk&

ksâ jHdmD;s

ixLHdj

1995 18 235 114.06 11345

1996 18 235 210.62 11640

1997 18 235 562.54 11288

1998 21 283 373.50 6061

tl;=j 1260.72 40334

m%cd jHdmD;s ixjrAOk jevigyfkys ;j;a ëfYaI ,CIKhla jkafka m%cd wjYH;d u; bosjqkq fuu jHdmD;Ska m%cdj ëiskau kv;a;= lsrSug lghq;= fhdod ;sÉuhs' 1998 jrAIh jkëg m%cd jHdmD;s jevigyk osia;%slal 18 isg 21 olajd jHdma; lr we;s w;r .%däh m%cd jHdmD;s j,ska Tæng hâka kd.rsl jHdmD;s" j;= jHdmD;s yd W;=re kef.kysr osia;%sla ixjrAOk jHdmD;Skao wdràN lr ;sfæ'

3'3'1 .%däh m%cd jHdmD;s

.%däh m%cd jHdmD;s jevigyfkys uQ,sl wruqK jkqfha ¥Ialr .àudkj,g w;HdjYH wdrA:sl hå;,

myiqlà iemhSuhs' fuu wruqKq <Õdlr.ekSu i|yd iuDoaò jevigyk wdràNfha isg fà olajd "

jdÑudrA." we,fï,s yd wuqKq 4832lao" lDIs ksIamdokhg wod, m%jdyk udrA." md,à" fndalal="

mÆfm,j,a" 18668 lao" fmd¥ <sx" lDIs <sx l=vd m%udKfha .=re;aj c, fhdackd l%u 9541 lao" ksIamdok

wf,ë uOHia:dk" tl;= lsrSfà uOHia:dk yd f.dvke.s,s 3327 lao ksulr ;sfæ' ta wkqj jdrAIslj

ksulrk ,o m%cd jHdmD;s ixLHdj .;al< 1995 jrAIfhaoS 11"345 o" 1996 jrAIfhaoS 11"640 o" 1997

jrAIfhaoS 11"288 o" 1998 jrAIfhaoS 6061 lao fï' ta wkqj n,k l< Bg fmr jrAI 03 g idfmaCIj

1998 jrAIfha m%cd jHdmD;s boslsrSàj, jrAOkfha wvqèula fukau ta i|yd fjkalrk ,o uqof,a

wvqèulao olakg ,efæ' ^wod, ëia;r j.= wxl 15 ys olajd we;'& Bg fya;=è we;af;a l,dm ldrAhd,

;ekSu jeks ëYd, f.dvke.s,s boslsrSà lghq;= tu jrAIh ;=< l%shd;aulèuhs' 1998 jrAIh ;=< .%däh

m%cd jHdmD;s i|yd re'â,shk 373'50 wdfhdackh lr ;sfæ'

.%däh m%cd jHdmD;s jevigyk hgf;a osjhsfka wNdjhg hâka meje;s iqÛ jdrsudrA. jeï wuqKq m%cd

iyNd.s;ajh hgf;a kej; ia:dms; lsrSug yelshdj ,enqKdfiau fmd¥ lDIs <sx" mdkSh <sx yd l=vd

mrsudKfha .=re;aj c, fhdackd l%u uÕska kshx ld,hkaysoS Y+Ial m%foaYj,g we;sjk c, ysÕh

uÕyrjd .ekSugo yelsëh' iudchSh jYfhka tjeks myiqlà ,ndoSu fukau wdrA:sluh jYfhka

ksIamdok m%jrAOkhg wod, jkakdjQ .%däh uêgfà udrA. boslsrSà" fndalal= yd mÆfm<j,a boslsrSu

;=<ska fmd¥ck wjYH;djhka iemsrSu Wfoid uyÕ= odhl;ajhla ,ndoS we;' .%däh i;sfmd<j,a"

ksIamdok wf,ë uOHia:dk yd tl;= lsrSfà uOHia:dk jeks .%däh uêgug wod, jk w;HdjYH

hå;, myiqlà y¥kdf.k tajd M,odhs f,i boslroSug lghq;= lr we;s w;r tuÕska .%däh

ck;djf.a wdrA:sl yd iudc ;;a;ajh by< kexèu i|yd w.h l<hq;= odhl;ajhlao ,ndoS we;'

22

j.= wxl 15

m%cd jHdmD;s 1995-1998

jHdmD;s jrA.h 1995 1996 1997 1998

ksâ jHdmD;s .Kk

ksâ jHdmD;s .Kk

ksâ jHdmD;s .Kk

ksâ jHdmD;s .Kk

tl;=j

1' jdrsudrA." we,fï,s" wuqKq 1401 1048 1600 783 4832

2' fmd¥ <sx" lDIs <sx" l=vd

m%udKfha ;=re;aj c, fhdackd l%u

3232 3488

1670

1151 9541

3' lDIs ksIamdokhg wod,

m%jdyk udrA." md,à" fndalal="

mÆfm<j,a

4794 6065

4907

2902 18668

4' ksIamdok wf,ë uOHia:dk"

tl;= lsrSfà uOHia:dk

f.dvkeÕs,s

884 863

563

1017 3327

5' fjk;a 1034 176

2548

208 3966

tl;=j 11345 11640 11288 6061 40334

3'3'2 kd.rsl jHdmD;s

fld<U" .d,a," l=reKE.," uykqjr jeks kd.rsl m%foaYj, wjYH;djhka i,ld n,d iq¥iq wdrA:sl

hå;, myiqlà imhdoSu;a Bg wod, udkj iàm;a ixjrAOk jevigyka osh;a lsrSu;a wruqKq

fldgf.k fuu jevigyk wrUd we;'

ta wkqj fmd¥ c,k," jeisls<s moaO;s " me;s ldkq jeks kd.rsl m%foaYj, wfkl=;a wjYH;d iemsrSuo

udkj iàm;a ixjrAOk lghq;= hgf;a iudc ixjrAOk jevigyka" u;ao%jH yd u;ameka ksjdrKh "

idCIr;d ixjrAOkh " jD;a;Sh mqyqKqj jeks jevigykao mj;ajk ,os' 1998 jir wjika jkëg

tjeks kd.rsl jHdmD;s 148 la ksu lr ;sfæ' wod, ëia;r j.= wxl 16 yd 17 uÕska oelafï'

j.= wxl 16

kd.rsl jHdmD;s

osia;%slalh wkqu; jHdmD;s

ixLHdj

ksâ jHdmD;s

ixLHdj

ksu lsrSfà

m%;sY;h

fld<U 94 69 73 %

.d,a, 35 35 100 %

l=reKE., 23 20 87 %

uykqjr 30 24 80 %

tl;=j 182 148 81 %

23

j.= wxl 17

kd.rsl jHdmD;s jrA.SlrKh - 1998

wkq wxlh

jHdmD;s jrA.SlrKh kd.rsl jHdmD;s

wkqu; jHdmD;s ksâ jHdmD;s 01 udrA. 62 42

02 jdrsudrA. 01 01

03 c, iàmdok 10 07

04 lrAudka; yd fj<| 07 05

05 fmd¥ myiqlà 72 49

06 nexl= yd l,dm ldrAhd, 04 03

07 fjk;a 31 41

tl;=j 187 148

3'3'3 j;= jHdmD;s uykqjr" ud;f,a" kqjrt<sh" n¥,a," fudKrd.," r;akmqrh hk osia;%slalj, jeë,s fCIa;%fha ldrAhCIu;djh by< kexèu i|yd j;=j, mosxî os<s¥ ck;djg w;HdjYH jk hå;, myiqlà ,ndoSu i|yd fuu jevigyk wrUk ,os' ta wkqj j;= wdY%s; l,dmj, jHdmD;s 231 la fà jkëg wjika lr ;sfæ' j.= wxl 18 ys ëia;r olajd we;'

j.= wxl 18

j;= jHdmD;s - 1998 osia;%slalh wkqu; jHdmD;s

ixLHdj ksâ jHdmD;s ixLHdj

m%;sY;h

n¥,a, 59 59 100 %

uykqjr 73 66 90 %

ud;f,a 25 21 84 %

kqjrt<sh 62 42 81 %

r;akmqr 59 43 90 %

tl;=j 278 231 90 %

j.= wxl 19

j;= jHdmD;s jrA.SlrKh - 1998

wkq wxlh

jHdmD;s jrA.SlrKh j;= jHdmD;s

wkqu; jHdmD;s ixLHdj

ksâ jHdmD;s ixLHdj

01 udrA. 123 110

02 jdrsudrA. 34 30

03 c, iàmdok 69 62

04 lrAudka; yd fj<| 01 01

05 fmd¥ myiqlà 16 15

06 nexl= yd l,dm ldrAhd, 0 0

07 fjk;a 17 13

tl;=j 260 231

24

3'3'4 jD;a;Sh mqyqKq jevigyk

/lshd ërys; iuDoaò m%;s,dNS mjq,aj, ;reK ;reKshkag iqÛ lrAudka; fCIa;%hkays M,odhs /lshd

,nd.ekSu i|yd wjYHjk jD;a;Sh mqyqKqj ,ndoSu iy tjeks jD;a;Sh mqyqKqèà ,nd.;a wh i|yd

ijK yd iiK Kh jevigyka hgf;a Kh ,ndoS iajhx/lshd wdràN lsrSug lghq;= lsrSu wruqKq

fldgf.k jD;a;Sh mqyqKq jevigyka l%shd;aul fldg we;' th cd;sl wdOqksl;aj yd ldrAâl mqyqKq

lsrSfà wòldrsh iuÕ taldnoaOj iuDoaò jevigyk l%shd;aul flfrk osia;%sla 18 lska f;dard.;a

m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY 50 l l%shd;aul lr we;' ta hgf;a 1998 jir ;=< jD;a;Sh mqyqKqj i|yd

1040 fofkl= fhduq lr we;s w;r fà jkëg mqyqKqj wjika lr we;s ixLHdj 152 ls' tu

ixLHdfjka ijK jevigyk hgf;a Kh ,ndf.k 39 fofkl= jHdmdr wdràN lr we;s w;r mqyqKqj

wjidkfha° /lshdj,a ,nd we;s ixLHdj 129 ls' 625 fofkl= oekg mqyqKqj ,nâka iså;s' weuqKqà

wxl 07 uÕska ëia;r olajd we;'

3'3'5 iqÛ lrAudka; ixjrAOk jevigyk

iqÛ lrAudka;hkays kshe,s iuDoaò m%;s,dNS mjq,a ixëOdk.; lr Tjqkaf.a lrAudka; jvd;a M,odhsj

mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd wjYH ;dCIK iydh" fj<|fmd, iydh" m%d.aOk iydh ,ndoSu yd tuÕska

Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj, wdodhà uêgu jeÆ oshqKq lr,Sug fuuÕska lghq;= flfrA'

fuu jevigyk 1998 jrAIfhaoS f;dard.;a m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY 50 l l%shd;aul lr we;' iqÛ

lrAudka;hkays kshe,s iuDoaò m%;s,dNS mjq,a yákdf.k" f;dard .kq ,enq whg jHjidhl;aj mqyqKqjla

,ndoS jHdmdr ;j¥rg;a jrAOkh lr.ekSu i|yd ijK Kh ,ndoSug lghq;= lr we;' fuu

jevigyk hgf;a l=vd jHdmdrhkays kshe,s 1896 fofkl= i|yd re' â,shk 61'76 l Kh ,ndoS we;'

weuqKqà wxl 7'1 uÕska jeÆ ëia;r olajd we;'

3'4 iuDoaò Kh fhdackd l%u

iuDoaò iykdOdr,dNSkaf.a wdodhà W;amdok lghq;= iy Tjqkaf.a wfkl=;a Kh wjYH;d iems¯u

i|yd †h;afldg we;s Kh jevigyk hgf;a 1998 jrAIh wjidk jkëg iuDoaò lÆkà Kh kshdul

jevigyk" iuDoaò ixjrAOk Kh jevigyk" iuDoaò jHjidhl;aj Kh jevigyk yd iuDoaò

l,an¥ Kh jevigyk l%shd;aul ëh'

lÆkà Kh kshdul jevigyk 1996 jrAIfha isg l%shd;aul jk w;r tuÕska mdÑfNda.sl$wdmod iy

ixjrAOk Kh jYfhka iykdOdr,dNSkag Kh ,nd°u is¥flfrA' 1998 jrAIh wjidk jkëg mdÑfNda.sl

iy wdmod Kh 23565 la ,nd ° we;' tys jåkdlu re'â,shk 11'21 ls' ixjrAOk Kh 71352 la ,nd

° we;s w;r jåkdlu re' â,shk 67'20 ls' ta wkqj uqÛ Kh ,nd°à j,ska 25] la mdÑfNda.sl yd

wdmod Kho" 75] la ixjrAOk Kho fï' uqÛ Kh uqo, ie,ls,a,g .;aëg bka mdÑfNda.sl Kh f,i

14] lao" b;sÑ 86] l m%udKh ixjrAOk Kh f,io fmfka' fà jkëg iuDoaò nexl= ix.à l%shd;aul

è Kh ksl=;a ls¯à wrUd we;s fyhska" iykdOdr,dNSka ;u Kh wjYH;d i|yd tu nexl= ix.à lrd

fhduqèu;a iuÕ tu m%foaYj, lÆkà Kh kshdul jevigyfkys wjYH;djh ySk fjâka mj;S'

25

iuDoaò m%;s,dNSkaf.a mjq,aj, wdodhà ;;a;ajh by< kxjd,Sug wjYH wdfhdack lghq;= i|yd Kh

,nd°ug iuDoaò ixjrAOk Kh jevigyk l%shd;aul lrwe;' ta i|yd fjka jQ uqo, re' â,shk 500

la fï' fuh 1996 jrAIfha isg l%shd;aul jk fuu Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a ,ndfok WmÑu Kh

uqo, re'10"000la jk w;r wju uqo, re' 2500 ls' jdrAIsl fmd,S m%;sY;h 10] ls' m<jk w†hfrA

Kh idrA:lj f.jkq ,nk m%;s,dNSkag 1998 jrAIfha isg iiK fojk w†hr l%shd;aul lr we;' ta

i|yd fjkalr we;s uqo, re' â,shk 86'96 ls'

1998 jrAIh wjika jkëg fà hgf;a Kh 77357 la ,nd° we;' tajdfha uqÛ jåkdlu re' â,shk

456'82 ls' Kh wdmiq f.èfà m%;sY;h 77] la jk w;r whèfà m%;sY;h 66] ls'

1998 whjeh fhdackd uÕska ls%hd;aul lrk ,o" iuDoaò jHjidhl;aj Kh jevigyfka ëfYaI;ajh

jkafka M,odhS wdfhdackj, fhfok Khlrejka yákd.ekSu yd Tjqkag jHjidhl ixjrAOk mqyqKqjla

,nd°fuka miq Kh uqo,a ,nd°uhs' fà hgf;a ,ndfok wju uqo, re' 10"000la jk w;r" WmÑu Kh

uqo, re'50"000 ls' 1998 jrAIh wjika jkëg Kh 6761 la fà hgf;a ,nd° we;s w;r" tajdfha

jåkdlu re' â,shk 168 ls' whè we;s uqo, re' â,shk 36'57 ls' whèfà m%;sY;h 95] ls'

l,an¥ myiqlà jevigyk 1998 jrAIfha isg l%shd;aul jk w;r" b,lal lKavdhu iuDoaò

kshdulhskah' iuDoaò kshdulhska 5000 la w;r Kh ,nd°u bka wruqKq flfrA' ;ks mqoa., wju Kh

uqo, re'75"000 yd WmÑu Kh uqo, re' 150"000 la fï' taldnoaO WmÑu Kh uqo, re' 300"000 ls'

jdrAIsl fmd,S m%;sY;h 10]ls' W;=re" kef.kysr yer wfkla †ia;%slal 10 la ;=< fuu jevigyk

l%shd;aul lr we;s w;r l,an¥ jevigyk hgf;a ëëO hka;% 508 la ,nd ° we;' jåkdlu re'

â,shk 121'87 ls'

3'4'1 lÆkà Kh kshdul jevigyk

¥mam;=kag we;sjk y†is Kh wjYH;d iems¯u i|yd \Kh kshdulhska\ m;afldg Tjqka,jd ¥mam;=kag

Kh ,nd°fà jevms<sfj,la kshuq mokula u; 1996 cQks udifha° †h;a lrk ,°' fuu jevigyk

m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldgaGdY 40 l lÆkà Kh kshdulhska 400 la uÕska ls%hd;aul lrkq ,eÉh' ,xld

nexl=j yd uyck nexl=j tlaj fuu Kh l%uh l%shd;aul lrk ,o w;r fuu jevigyk i|yd fjka

lr we;s uqo, re' â,shk 3'3 ls' fuu Kh l%ufha fmd,S m%;sY;h uilg 5] jk w;r" bka 2] la

nexl=jgo" ;j;a 2]la kshdulgo" b;sÑ 1] y†is wdmod wruqo,go jYfhka whlr.kq ,efæ' fuu

jevigyk hgf;a ,xld nexl=fjka re' â,shk 1'28 la yd uyck nexl=fjka re' â,shk 1'06 jYfhka

,ndf.k we;s uqo, re' â,shk 2'34 ls' tuÕska ,nd° we;s Kh m%udKhka my; ±lafjk j.= wxl

20 ys ±lafjk w;r" ta ta jrAIj, ,nd¥ka Kh ixhq;sh rEm igyka wxl 07 ys ±lafï'

26

j.= wxl 20

Kh jrA.h 1996 1997 1998 ixLHdj ,ndoS we;s uqÛ

uqo, re'â' ixLHdj ,ndoS we;s uqÛ

uqo, re'â' ixLHdj ,ndoS we;s uqÛ

uqo, re'â'

mdrsfNda.sl - wdmod 6024 2.92 16639 7.60 23565 11.21

ixjrAOk 16498 15.26 42938 39.46 71352 67.20

tl;=j 22522 18.18 59577 47.06 94917 78.41

fuu jevigyk hgf;a 1998 jrAIfha° ,nd ° ;snQ uqÛ Kh m%udKh re' â,shk 78'41 ls' âka 86]

ixjrAOk Kh jQ w;r b;sÑ 14] mdÑfNda.sl yd wdmod Kh ëh'

fuf;la ksl=;alr we;s Kh j,ska fmd,sh yer whèug we;s uqo, re' â,shk 3'54 la jk w;r" Kh

kshdulhska w;/|s uqo, re' 99713'19 ls' uqÛ meyer ye¯à tl;=j re'91670ls' fuh whlr .ekSug

we;s uqo,ska 2'59] ls' ;;a;ajh fufia jqj;a fuu jevigyk uÕska re' â,shk 1'30 l w;sÑla;hla

ckkh lr we;' tkà fuh nexl=fjka ,nd.;a uqo,g jvd 52] l w;sÑla;hla fï' fuu jevigyk

l%shd;aul fldêGdY 31 ka 28 lu Kh jevigyk i;=gqodhlj l%shd;aul lr we;'

lÆkà Kh kshdul jevigyk ^1996"1997"1998&

rEm igyka wxl 07

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1996 1997 1998

2.9

2

7.6

11

.21

15

.26

39

.46

67

.2

Kh

uq

o,

re'â

mdÑfNd.sl$wdmod ixjrAOk

27

3'4'2 iuDoaò ixjrAOk Kh jevigyk îiK&

iuDoaò iykdOdr,dNSkaf.a mjq,aj, wdodhà uêgu by< kexèu ;=<ska Tjqkaf.a cSjk ;;a;ajh jeÆ

†hqKq ls¯u i|yd fuu Kh jevigyk l%shd;aul fldg we;' fuu jevigyk ,xld nexl=j" uyck

nexl=j iuÕ tlaj W;=re" kefÕkysr m<d;a yer †jhsfka wfkl=;a ishÛu m<d;aj,g wh;a m%dfoaYsh

f,alà fldêGdYj, l%shd;aul lrkq ,efæ' thg wu;rj wàmdr †ia;%slalfha foysw; a;lKsÆh"

m†h;,dj" uyTh" wâmdr" Wyk" ouk iy ,dyq., hk m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY ;=<o l%shd;aul

fï'

fuu Kh l%uh iuDoaò n,ldh 12141 la ;=< l%shd;aul fï' tla n,ld m%foaYhl Kh ,nd°u i|yd

re' 41500$- la fjka lr we;' ,xld nexl=jg re' o',CI 250la iy uyck nexl=jg re' o,CI 250

la jYfhka re'â' 500 la fuujevigyk i|yd fjka lr we;' tla Kh uqo,l WmÑu iSudj

re'10000$- jk w;r" wjuh re' 2500$- ls' Kh uqo, i|yd fmd,S wkqmd; jirlg 10]ls' iq/l=à

fkdue;sj Kh ,ndfokq ,nk w;r" iEu Khlgu iuDoaò iykdOdr,dNshl= yjq,a Kh lrejl= f,i

fhdod .ekSu iq/l=ula fia i,lkq ,efæ' 1997 jrAIh wjidk jkëg ;snQ Kh whèfà m%;sY;h

mokà lr iiK fojk w†hr l%shd;aul lrk ,°' Kh whèfà m%;sY;h 50] blaujQ ishÛu

m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdYj,g fojk w†hr hgf;ao Kh ,nd fok ,°' fojk w†hr hgf;a Kh

,nd°u i|yd uqo,a fjkalr we;af;a n,ldh wkqj fkdj m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY mokà lrf.kh'

fojk w†hfrA Kh ,nd°u i|yd ,xld nexl=jg re' â,shk 52'11 la o uyck nexl=jg re' â,shk

34'85 lao ,nd° we;'

iiK jevigyk hgf;a 1998 foieànrA ui wjidk jk ëg ,xld nexl=j yd uyck nexl=j

taldnoaOj ksl=;a l< Kh ixLHdj 77357 la jk w;r" tajdfha jåkdlu re' â,shk 457 ls' fuu

jrAIfha Kh ,nd°fà m%;sY;h 77] la jk w;r" whèfà m%;sY;h 66] ls' ta ms<sn| ëia;r j.=

wxl 21 ys ±lafï' 1998 jrAIh wjidk jkëg fuu jevigyfka m%.;sh †ia;%sla jYfhka weuqKqà

wxl 08 ys ±lafï'

j.= wxl 21

jrAIh fjkalrk ,o uqÛ Kh uqo,

^re'â'&

,ndoS we;s Kh uqo, ^re'â'&

,ndoS we;s uqÛ Kh ixLHdj

Kh ,ndoSfà m%;sY;h

Kh wdmiq f.èfà m%;sY;h

1997 505.4285 425.2316 72740 84% 59 %

1998 592.3977 456.8285 77357 77% 66 %

3'4'3 iuDoaò jHjidhl;aj Kh jevigyk îjK&

iuDoaò iykdOdr,dNS mjq,aj,g kj wdodhà W;amdok jHdmdr wdràN ls¯ug iy ±kg Tjqka ëiska

lrf.k hkq ,nk wdrA:sl lghq;= mqÛ,a ls¯u i|yd 1998 whjeh fhdackd uÕska fuu Kh

jevigyk l%shd;aul lrk ,°'

iuDoaò iykdOdr,dNSka iajhx /lshd i|yd fhduq ls¯ug wjYH wruqo,a imhd ° Tjqka ;=<

jHjidhl;aj l=i,;d †hqKq fldg Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj, „jk ;;a;ajh hym;a ;;a;ajhlg m;als¯u fuu

28

Kh jevigyfka uQ,sl wruqK fï' iuDoaò kshdulhska yd l<uKdlrejka Kh whlr .ekSà iy

idrA:lj jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k hdu ms<sn|j miqëmrà lghq;= bgq lr;s'

fuu jevigyk ,xld nexl=j yd uyck nexl=j uÕska W;=re" kef.kysr yer †jhsfka ishÛu

m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdYj, l%shd;aul flfrA' tfia jqjo wàmdr †ia;%slalfha foysw;a;lKaÆh"

m†h;,dj" uyTh" wàmdr" Wyk" ouk iy ,dyq., hk m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY ;=<o fuu

jevigyk ls%hd;aul fï' M,odhS wdfhdaclhka i|yd muKla fuu Kh uqo, ,ndfokq ,nk w;r"

Kh ,nd°ug fmr Kh,dNSkag jHjidhl;aj ixjrAOk mqyqKqjlao ,ndfokq ,efæ'

fuu jevigyk l%shd;aul jk m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY ixLHdj Wm ldrAhd,o we;=Ûj 236 la jk

w;r" nexl= fol iuÕ tlÕ jQ wdldrhg Kh ,nd °u i|yd re'â' 295 la fjkalr we;'

fuu Kh jevigyk hgf;a ,ndfok wju uqo, re' 10"000 la jk w;r" WmÑu Kh uqo,

re'50"000ls' fmd,S wkqmd;h jirlg 10] ls' iq/l=à f,i ;j;a iuDoaò m%;s,dNsfhl= yjq,a

Khlrefjl= f,i fhdod .ekSu muKla is¥ lrkq ,efæ'

Kh wdmiq f.èfà° re'20"000 olajd ,ndfok Kh f.èfà WmÑu ld,h udi 24 la jk w;r"

re'20"000 - 30"000 w;r Kh f.èfà WmÑu ld,h udi 30 lao" re' 30"000-50"000 w;r Kh

f.èfà WmÑu ld,h udi 36 lao" fï' ijK jevigyk hgf;a 1998 jrAIh wjidk jkëg ,xld

nexl=j yd uyck nexl=j taldnoaOj ksl=;al< Kh ixLHdj 6761 ls' tys jåkdlu re' â,shk 168 la

jQ w;r fà jkëg whè we;s uqo, re' â,shk 36'57 ls' weuqKqà wxl 09 ys olajd we;'

3'4'5 iuDoaò l,an¥ myiqlà jevigyk

1998 jrAIfha isg l%shd;aul jk fuu jevigyk hgf;a myiqlà iemhSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk b,lal

lKavdhug kshdulhska 5000 la muK wh;afï' fuu b,lal lKavdhfuys wdodhà ;;a;ajh by<

±äu yd kj uQ,H myiqlà iànkaO ±Kqula yd wjfndaOhla Tjqkag ,nd° ta ;=<ska i;=gqodhl

wdodhula ,nd .ekSug bv m%ia:d ie,iSu fuu jevigyfka uQ,sl wruqK fï'

fuu jevigyk iSudiys; mSm,aia ,Sisx iud.u iuÕ taldnoaOj l%shd;aul flfrk w;r fà i|yd

fjka lr we;s uqo, re'â' 300 ls' wdodhà jeÆlr .ekSfà mokula u; lghq;= lrk jHdmD;s i|yd

my; ±lafjk j;alà â,° .ekSug fuuÕska myiqlà ie,fia' tajd w;r ;%S frdao r:" frdao fofla

w;a g%elagrA iy fê%,rA" ¥rl:k" *elaia hka;%" Pdhd msgm;a hka;%" rEmjdyskS" èÆfhda hka;%" uyck

weu;=à hka;%" leurd" YS;lrK" wòYS;lrK" fr† nE.a iy im;a;= uyk ueIska" cqlS ueIska" ueKsla

lemSfà hka;% yd Tm ±äfà hka;%" lDIs ldrAâl hka;% yd wdàmkak" ûjr lghq;= i|yd wjYH

fndaêgq wekacska yd WmlrK" .,a lvk hka;% we;=Û l=vd lrAudka; i|yd Ndë;d lrk hka;% yd

WmlrK wd†h fï'

29

fuu jevigyk hgf;a Kh myqilà ,nd°u ;ks mqoa.,hl=g" noaOj yd lKavdhà jYfhka is¥

flfrA' ;ks mqoa.,hl=g ,nd fok wju Kh uqo, re'75"000$- la jk w;r" WmÑu uqo, re'

150"000$- la fï' noaOj re' 150"000$- olajdo" lKavdhà i|yd re'300"000 olajdo myiqlà i,ikq

,efæ' jirlg idudkH fmd,S wkqmd;h 10] ls' Kh f.èfà ld,h WmÑu udi 48 ls' ta ta NdKav

wkqj yd jHdmD;sfhka Wmojk wdodhu u; wdmiq f.èfà ld,h fjkia fï'

1998 jrAIh wjika jk ëg l,an¥ myiqlà imhd we;s wdldrh osia;%sla jYfhka j.= wxl 22 ys

oelafï'

j.= wxl 22

wxlh osia;%slalh NdKav ixLHdj

whëh hq;= uqo, ^re'&

whëh hq;= jdrsl

jåkdlu ^re'&

whjQ jdrsl jåkdlu ^re'&

msgyså uqo, ^re'&

whèfà m%;sY;h

01 fld<U 01 379440 0 0 379440 * %

02 .àmy 01 379440 0 0 379440 * %

03 lÛ;r 96 22682616 381980 138012 22544604 36 %

04 r;akmqr 03 597024 0 0 597024 * %

05 lE.,a, 91 19060248 521232 134468 18925780 25

06 ud;f,a 28 8763336 0 0 8763336 * %

07 kqjrt<sh 123 26659092 895411 314738 26344354 35 %

08 mq;a;,u 73 20628680 974694 550934 20077746 56 %

09 fudKrd., 34 10338432 388824 174446 10163986 44 %

10 fmdf,dkakrej 58 12385116 1080549 826672 11558444 76 %

tl;=j 508 121873424 4242690 2139270 119734154 50 %

* Kh jdÑl whlr .ekSu wdràN lr ke;'

3'5 iuDoaò nexl= ix.à

.%däh m%foaYj, cSj;ajk iuDoaò iykdOdr,dNSka w;r b;srs lsrSfà mqreoao iy ksIamdok Yla;sh jeÆ

oshqKq lsrSfà wruqK we;sj l%shd;aul lrk jevigykla f,i iuDoaò nexl= ix.à fà jkëg lemS

fmfkk ;;a;ajhlg m;aè ;sfæ' fà uÕsska by; ckfldgia j,g wjYH CIksl Kh wjYH;d msrsuid

.ekSug yelsè we;s w;r Tjqka iqÛ ksIamdok lghq;=j,g keUqre lsrSug wjYH iqÛ mrsudKfha Kh

o fuu nexl= ix.à uÕsska ksl=;a lsrSu wrUd we;'

1998 jir wjika jkëg woshr y;rlg wh;a nexl= ix.à 439 l .kqfokq lghq;= uQ,sl jYfhka

wdràN lr ;snqKs' jir wjika jkëg nexl= ix.àys jdrA;d jQ uqÛ idudcsl ixLHdj 612063 la ëh'

bka 64] la ia;%Ska jQ w;r 36] la mqreIhka jQy'

30

tla nexl= ix.uhl idudkH idudcsl ixLHdj 1394 la muK ëh' idudcslhska f.jd ;snQ uqÛ fldgia

uqo, remsh,a oY ,CI 252 la jQ w;r âka 63] la ia;%Ska ëiska o " 37] mqreIhka ëiskao f.jd

;snqKs' tla nexl= ix.uhl jQ idudkH fldgia uqo, remsh,a oY ,CI 0'57 la muK ëh' idudcslfhl=

f.jQ idudkH fldgia uqo, remsh,a 411 la muK ëh' fuh f.ëh hq;=j ;snQ fldgia uqo,ska 82] la

ëh'

jir wjika jkëg nexl= ix.à i;=j ;snQ uqÛ ;ekam;= ixLHdj 563199 la ëh' âka 52] la

idudcslo" 22] la <udo" 14] iuQyo b;srsh osrsh ud;d yd idudcsl fkdjk ;ekam;= o ëh' tla nexl=

ix.uhl jQ idudkH ;ekam;= ixLHdj 1283 la ëh'

jir wjika jkëg nexl= ix.à i;=j mej;s ;ekam;=j, jåkdlu remsh,a oY ,CI 189 la ëh' tla

nexl= ix.uhl idudkH ;ekam;= m%udKh remsh,a 431014 la muK jQ w;r ;ekam;=jl idudkH

jåkdlu remsh,a 336 la ëh'

fldgia uqo,a yd b;srs lsrSà ;ekam;= uÕsska nexl= ix.àj,g talrdYs è ;snQ uqÛ ixî; ^j.lSà&

m%udKh jir wjika jkëg remsh,a oY ,CI 441 la ëh' tla nexl= ix.uhl idudkH ixî;

^j.lSà& m%udKh remsh,a oY ,CIhla muK ëh'

iuDoaò nexl= ix.à uÕsska fà olajd ,ndoS we;s Kh ixLHdj 67786 ls' fàjdfha jåkdlu remsh,a

oY ,CI 236 la ëh' âka 72] la I woshfrA nexl= ix.àj,ska ksl=;a lr ;snQ w;r 17] la II jk

woshfrA nexl= ix.à uÕsskao "10] la III jk woshfrA nexl= ix.à uÕska uqod yer ;snqKs'

ksl=;a l< Kh j,ska 63] la iajhx/lshd Kh jQ w;r 29] la lDIs ldrAâl Kh ëh' b;srs 8]

mdrsfNda.sl" yd wdmod Kh ëh'

tla nexl= ix.uhl idudkH KhoSu remsh,a oY ,CI 0'54 muK jQ w;r tla Kh uqo,l idudkH

jåkdlu remsh,a 3485 la muK ëh'

jir wjika jkëg oS ;snQ Kh j,ska remsh,a oY ,CI 84 la whlr f.k ;snQ w;r whlr .ekSfà

m%;sY;h 96] la muK ëh'

nexl= ix.à talrdYs lrk ,o ixî; j,ska remsh,a oY ,CI 178 l m%udKhla NdKavd.dr Å,am;a yd

iqrl=àm;aj, wdfhdackh lr ;snqKs' th uqÛ j;alà j,ska 40] la muK ëh' j;alà j,ska 35] la"

tkà remsh,a oY ,CI 152 la muK msgyså Kh f,i jdrA;d è ;snqKq w;r ;j;a remsh,a oY ,CI

85 la" tkà 19] la muK b;srs lsrSfà .sKqàj, wdfhdackh lr ;snqKs' b;srs j;alà j,ska 6] la

cx.u ;ekam;=j, yd w; b;srs uqo,a f,i jdrA;d è ;snqKs'

31

3'5'1 nexl= ix.à ixLHdj

1998 jir wjika jkëg I" II" III woshr ;=kg wh;a iuDoaò nexl= ix.à 439 la l%shd;aul è ;snqKs'

fuhg wu;rj wfkla woshrj,g wh;a ;j;a nexl= ix.à 115 la uQ,sl jYfhka ;u .kqfokq

wdràNlr;snqKs' fà wkqj 1998 jrAIh ;=< kj nexl= ix.à 293 la wÛ;ska ëjD; lrk ,o w;r "

1998 jir wjika jkëg wfmaCIs; nexl= ix.à m%udKfhka 56] la muK ish .kqfokq wdràN lr

;snqKs'

rEm igyk wxl 08

wkqu; nexl= ix.à woshr wkqj

I

12%

II

14%III

18%

IV

19%

V

12%

VI

25%

1998 jir wjika jkëg I woshfrA iuDoaò nexl= ix.à 125 lao II woshfrA 136 lao III woshfrA 178

lao ish .kqfokq wdràN lr ;snqKs'

jrAIh wjika jkëg wkqu; iuDoaò nexl= ix.àj,ska lE.,a, osia;%slalfha 95] lao " .àmy 92]

lao" kqjrt<sh yd fudKdrd., osia;%slaj, 88] ne.ska o ish .kqfokq wdràN lr ;snqKs' iuia:hla

f,i wkqu; nexl= ix.àj,ska 62] la muK ish .kqfokq wdràN lr ;snqKs'

3'5'2 nexl= uQ,H lghq;=

idudcsl;ajh

iuia:hla f,i .;al< 1997 jrAIhg idfmaCIj nexl= ix.àj, idudcslhska ixLHdj ëYd, jYfhka

1998 jrAIh ;=< jrAOkh è ;snqKs' 1997 uqÛ idudcsl ixLHdj jQ 267784 l ixLHdj 1998 jrAIfha

612063 olajd 128] lska muK jrAOkh ëh' fuhg m%Odku fya;=j jQfha III jk woshrg wh;a

;j;a nexl= ix.à 178 la 1998 jrAIh ;=< nexl= ix.à moaO;shg wÛ;ska tl;=èuhs'

32

idudcsl ixLHdj

I woshr 1997 - 1998

j.= wxl 23

idudcsl;ajh 1997 1998 tl;=j

ixLHdj m%;sY;h ixLHdj m%;sY;h ixLHdj m%;sY;h

ia;%S 110573 64 % 10250 64 % 120823 64%

mqreI 62441 36 % 5734 36 % 68175 36%

tl;=j 173014 100 % 15984 100 % 188998 100%

I jk woshfrA iuDoaò nexl= ix.à ;=< 1998 jrAIfhaoS ia;%S idudcslhska 10250 lska yd mqreI

idudcslhska 5734 lska by< f.dia ;sfæ' fà wkqj wÛ;ska tl;=è we;s idudcsl ixLHdj 15984 ls'

fuh miq.sh jir yd ie,lSfàoS 91 ] l muK wvqèuls' nexl=jl idudkH idudcsl ixLHdj 1997 oS

1384 la jQ w;r fà jifrA th 1512 la muK ëh'

idudcsl ixLHdj II woshr - 1997-1998

j.= wxl 24

idud‚l;ajh 1997 1998 tl;=j


ia;%S 63741 67 54620 64 118361 61

mqreI 31029 33 45100 36 76129 39

tl;=j 94770 100 99720 100 194490 100

II woshfrA iuDoaò nexl= ix.àys idudcsl ixLHdj fà jifrA 99720 lska by<f.dia ;snqKs' âka

13688 la mqreI idudcslhska jQ w;r b;srsh ia;%S idudcslhska ëh' 1997 jirg idfmaCIj fuh 5] l muK jrAOkhls' jir wjika jkëg uqÛ idudcsl ixLHdj 194490 lajQ w;r bka 61 ] la ia;%Ska yd 39 la mqreI idudcslhska ëh' tfiau uqÛ idudcsl ixLHdfjka 49] la 1997 jir ;=<;a b;srs 51 ] 1998 ;=<;a nexl= moaO;shg tl;=è ;snqKs' 1997 oS tla nexl= ix.uhlg idudkHfhka idudcslhska 698 la tl;=è ;snQ w;r 1998 oS th 733 la muK ëh' nexl= ix.uhl isåk idudkH idudcsl ixLHdj fà jkëg 1430 la muK fï'

idudcsl ixLHdj III woshr 1997 -1998

j.= wxl 25

idudcsl;ajh ixLHdj m%;sY;h

ia;%Ska 135619 59

mqreI 92956 41

tl;=j 228575 100

nexl= ix.àj, uqÛ idudcsl ixLHdj 1997 - 1998

j.= wxl 26

idudcsl;ajh 1997 1998 tl;=j


ia;%S 174314 64 200489 58 374803 61

mqreI 93470 36 143790 42 237260 39

tl;=j 267784 100 344279 100 612063 100

33

III jk woshrg wh;a nexl= ix.àj, .kqfokq uQ,sl jYfhka fà jrAIh ;=< wdràN flrsks' jir

wjika jkëg nexl= ix.à 178 ;=< idudcslhska 228575 lajQ w;r bka 135619 tkà 59] la ia;%Ska jQ w;r b;srsh mqreI idudcslhska ëh' jrAIh ;=< tla nexl= ix.uhl idudkHfhka idudcslhska 1284 l muK ixLHdjla tl;=è we;' I" II" III woshrg wh;a nexl= ix.à 439 ;=< idudcslhska 344279 la wÛ;ska tl;=è ;snqKs' âka 5] la I woshrhgo 29] la" II woshrgo 66] la III woshrgo wh;aëh'

miq.sh jir yd ieioSfàoS idudcslhska ixLHdj 128] lska muK jrAOkh è ;sfæ' uqÛ idudcsl ixLHdfjka ms<Sfj,ska 31] " 32] yd 37] I" II " III woshrj,g wh;a nexl= ix.à ;=<

wka;rA.; ëh' 1997 jir ;=< nexl= ix.uhlg idudkHfhka idudcslhska 1026 la muK wÛ;ska tl;=è isg)' 1998 os th 784 olajd wvqè ;snqKs'

nexl= ix.àj, uqÛ idudcsl ixLHdj 1998 wjika jkëg

rEm igyka wxl 09

jir wjidk jkëg I" II " III woshrg wh;a nexl= ix.uhl iså iudkH idudcsl ixLHdj ms<Sfj,ska

1512" 1430" 1284 ëh' iuia:hla f,i tla nexl=jl idudkH idudcslhska ixLHdj 1394 la muK ëh'

fldgia uqo,a

fà jir ;=< I jk woshrg wh;a nexl= ix.àj,g remsh,a oY ,CI 42 l fldgia uqo,la wÛf;ka

tl;=è ;snqKs' fuh miq.sh jirg jvd 34] l muK wvqèuls' fuhg uQ,slu fya;=j I woshrg wh;a

nexl= ix.àj, ëYd, fldgia uqo,a m%udKhla 1997 jrAIh ;=< f.jd wjika lr ;sÉuhs'

fldgia uqo,a I woshr 1997 - 1998

j.= wxl 27 ^re' oY ,CI&

fldgia uqo,a 1997 1998 tl;=j m%udKh m%;sY;h m%udKh m%;sY;h m%udKh m%;sY;h

fldgia uqo,a îa;%S& 42.513 67 27.493 66 70.006 66

fldgia uqo,a ^mqreI& 21.402 33 14.477 34 35.879 34

tl;=j 63.915 100 41.97 100 105.885 100

I woshr31%

II woshr32%

III woshr37%

34

idudcslfhl= f.jQ fldgil iudkH jåkdlu 1997 jifrA remsh,a 369 la jQ w;r th 1998 jifrAoS

remsh,a 560 la olajd by<f.dia ;snqKs' I jk woshrg wh;a nexl= ix.àj, idudcslhska Tjqkaf.a

m<uq idudcsl fldgia uqo, fà jkëg f.jd wjika lr fojk fldgia o â<oS .ekSu wdràN lr

;snqKs'

II woshrg wh;a iuDoaò nexl= ix.à ;=< fldgia uqo,a f.èu 1997 jifrA re' o' , 19'364 la jQ

w;r th f.ëh hq;=j we;s fldgia uqo,ska 41] la muK ëh' tla wfhl= f.jd ;snQ fldgil idudkH

jåkdlu remsh,a 204 ls' fà jifrA f.jd ;snQ fldgia uqo,a m%udKh remsh,a oY ,CI 55' 482 la jQ

w;r miq.sh jir yd ii|k ëg 186 ] l muK jrAOkhls' jir wjika jkëg II woshrg wh;a

nexl= ix.à ;=< f.jd ;snQ uqÛ fldgia uqo,a m%udKh remsh,a oY ,CI 74' 846 la jQ w;r th

f.ëh hq;= jQ fldgia uqo,ska 77 ] la muK ëh'

fldgia uqo,a

II jk woshr 1997 - 1998

j.= wxl 28

^re' oY ,CI&

fldgia uqo,a 1997 1998 tl;=j


fldgia uqo,a ^ ia;%S& 12.973 67 33.744 66 46.717 66

fldgia uqo,a ^ mqreI& 6.391 33 21.738 34 28.129 34

tl;=j 19.364 100 55.482 100 74.846 100

III jk woshrg wh;a iuDoaò nexl= ix.à 178 ;=< jir wjika jkëg fldgia uqo,a f,i remsh,a

oY ,CI 42' 51 l uqo,la talrdYs è ;snqKs' th f.ëh hq;=jQ fldgia uqo,ska 62 ] la muK ëh'

f.jd ;snQ fldgil idudkH jåkdlu remsh,a 311 la muK ëh'

iuia: fldgia uqo,a

1997 - 1998

j.= wxl 29

^re' oY ,CI&

jrA.h 1997 1998 tl;=j


fldgia uqo,a ^ ia;%S & 55.486 67 103.750 66 159.233 66

fldgia uqo,a ^ mqreI & 27.793 33 64.685 34 92.478 34

tl;=j 83.279 100 168.435 100 251.711 100

35

iuia: nexl= ix.à 439 ;=<u f.jd;snQ uqÛ fldgia uqo,a m%udKh remsh,a oY ,CI 168'43 la jQ

w;r 1997 th remsh,a oY ,CI 83 ' 279 la ëh' th f.ëh hq;=j we;s fldgia uqo,a m%udKfhka

62 ] la muK ëh'

1998 jifrA iuia: nexl= ix.à ;=< f.ëh hq;= fldgia uqo,ska remsh,a oY ,CI 251' 71 la f.jd

wjika lr ;snQ w;r th 82 ] la ëh' idudcslfhl= f.jQ fldgil idudkH jåkdlu remsh,a 411 la

muK ëh' f.jQ fldgia uqo,ska 42]" 30]" 28]" jYfhka ms<Sfj,ska I" II" III" jk woshrj,g wh;a

nexl= ix.à j,ska jdrA;d è ;snqKs'

rEm igyka wxl 10

f.jQ fldgil idudkH jåkdlu

I" II" III" woshr 1998 olajd

b;srslsrSà

I jk woshrg wh;a nexl= ix.à ;=< jQ uqÛ ;ekam;= ixLHdj 1997 oS 114087 la jQ w;r 1998 oS th

73263 la ëh' 1997 jirg idfmaCIj th 36 ] l muK my<hduls' 1997 oS nexl= ix.uhlg

idudkHfhka b;srs lsrSfà .sKqà 913 la muK talrdYS jQ w;r 1998 oS th 586 olajd wvqè ;snqKs'

1998 jir wjika jkëg nexl= ix.uhl idudkH ;ekam;= ixLHdj 1499 la muK ëh'

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

I II III

kdâl w.h f.jQ w.h

36

b;srs lsrSfà ;ekam;= ixLHdj

I woshr 1997 - 1998

;ekam;= jrA. 1997 1998 tl;=j


idudcsl 58962 52 39201 54 98163 52

<ud 25411 22 15262 21 40673 22

osrshud;d 7083 6 5969 8 13052 7

idudcsl fkdjk 4489 4 4041 6 8530 5

iuQy 18142 16 8795 11 26937 14

tl;=j 114087 100 73268 100 187355 100

II woshrg wh;a nexl= ix.à ;=< 1997 jirg idfmaCIj 1998 jifrA b;srs lsrSfà ;ekam;=j, lemS

fmfkk jrAOkhla fmkakqà lr ;snqKs' 1997 oS 21179 jQ w;r 1998 oS ;ekam;= ixLHdj 72536 la

ëh' fuh 242 ] l muK jrAOkhls'

b;srs lsrSfà ;ekam;= ixLHdj

II woshr 1997 - 1998 j.= wxl 31

;ekam;= jrA.h 1997 1998 tl;=j


idudcsl 11659 55 31873 54 43532 49

<ud 3874 18 16042 21 19916 20

osrshud;d 721 3 5379 8 6100 6

idudcsl fkdjk 534 3 4239 6 4773 5

iuQy 4391 21 15003 12 19394 20

tl;=j 21179 100 72536 100 93715 100

1997 oS nexl= ix.uhlg talrdYS jQ idudkH ;ekam;= ixLHdj 156 la muK jQ w;r fà jifrAos th 533 ëh' jir wjika jkëg nexl= ix.uhl idudkH ;ekam;= ixLHdj 689 la ëh'

b;srs lsrSfà ;ekam;= ixLHdj III jk woshr - 1998

j.= wxl 32

;ekam;= jrA.h 1998

ixLHdj ]

idudcsl 39400 54

<ud 15421 20

osrshud;d 4447 8

idudcsl fkdjk 5176 6

iuQy 26633 12

tl;=j 91077 100

III jk woshrg wh;a kj nexl= ix.à 178 la fà jifrA wÛ;ska tl;= jQ w;r tajdfha .sKqà 91077

la jrAIh ;=< jdrA;d ëh' nexl= ix.uhl ;snQ idudkH .sKqà ixLHdj 512 la muK ëh'

37

uqÛ b;srs lsrSfà .sKqà ixLHdj

1997 - 1998

j.= wxl 33

;ekam;= jrA.h 1997 1998 tl;=j


idudcsl 70621 52 110474 54 181095 49

<ud 29285 22 46725 20 76010 20

osrshud;d 7804 6 15795 8 23599 6

idudcsl fkdjk 5023 4 13456 6 18479 5

iuQy 22533 16 50431 12 72964 20

tl;=j 135266 100 236881 100 372147 100

iuia: .sKqà ixLHdj 1997 oS 135266 la jQ w;r 1998 oS 236881 la ëh' th miq.sh jir yd

ieioSfàoS 75 ] l muK jrAOkhls' 1997 oS nexl= ix.uhl ;snQ idudkH .sKqà ixLHdj 518 la muK

jQ w;r fà jifrAoS th 848 olajd by< f.dia ;snqKs' iuia: .sKqà ixLHdfjka 51 ] " 25] yd 24]

f,i ms<Sfj,ska I" II" III jk woshr j,ska jdrA;d è ;snqKs'

rEm igyk wxl 11

iuia: .sKqà ixLHdj

1998

1998 wjika jkëg iuia: .sKqà m%udKfhka 49 ] la idudcsl .sKqà jQ w;r 20 ] ne.ska idudcsl

fkdjk yd <ud b;srs lsrSfà .sKqà ëh'

rEm igyk wxl 12

;ekam;= ixLHdj yd jåkdlu uqÛ ixLHdfï yd jåkdlfà m%;sY;hka f,i 1998' 12' 31 oskg

I woshr51%

II woshr25%

III woshr24%

05

101520253035404550

idudcsl

<ud

osrs

hud;d

idudcsl fk

djk

iuQ

y

m%

;sY

;h r

e'â

'

m%udKfha m%;sY;h jåkdlfà m%;sY;h

38

rEm igyk wxl 13

iuia: b;srs lsrSfà ;ekam;=

^1998'12'31 oskg&

;ekam;+ uqo,a

;ekam;= uqo,a I jk woshr

1997 - 1998

j.= wxl 34

^re' oY ,CI&

;ekam;= jrA.h 1997 1998 tl;=j

m%udKh m%;sY;h m%udKh m%;sY;h m%udKh m%;sY;h

idudcsl 17.292 41 21.204 37 38.496 38

<ud 3.363 8 3.313 6 6.676 7

osrshud;d 2.88 7 3.951 7 6.831 7

idudcsl fkdjk 3.847 9 3.633 6 7.48 7

iuQy 15.294 36 25.324 44 40.618 41

tl;=j 42.676 101 57.425 100 100.101 100

1997 jrAIfhaoS I jk woshfrA nexl= ix.àj, ;ekam;= uqo,a f,i remsh,a oY ,CI 42'676 la talrdYs

è ;snQ w;r 1998 oS th ;j;a remsh,a oY ,CI 57'425 lska jrAOkh ëh' miq.sh jir yd

iei|SfàoS th 36] muK jrAOkhls' nexl= ix.uhlg tl;=jQ idudkH ;ekam;= m%udKh 1997 oS

remsh,a oY ,CI 0'3414 la jQ w;r 1998 oS th remsh,a oY ,CI 0'4594 la ëh' miq.sh jirg

idfmaCIj fuh 34 ] l muK jrAOkhls' 1998 jrAIh wjika jkëg nexl= ix.à i;=j ;snQ uqÛ

;ekam;=j, jåkdlu remsh,a oY ,CI 100'101 la jQ w;r nexl= ix.uhl jQ idudkH ;ekam;= m%udKh

remsh,a oY ,CI 0' 8008 muK ëh'

;ekam;=jl idudkH jåkdlu 1997 oS remsh,a 374 la jQ w;r 1998 oS muKla wdràN lr ;snQ

;ekam;=jl idudkH jåkdlu remsh,a 784 la ëh'

1998 jrAIh wjika jkëg nexl= i;=j ;snQ ;ekam;=jl idudkH jåkdlu remsh,a 534 la ëh' ;ekam;=

uqo,a j,ska 38] l muK m%udKhla iuQy ;ekam;=j,g wh;aj ;snqKs'

II woshrg wh;a nexl= ix.àj, jQ b;srs lsrSfà ;ekam;=j, jåkdlu 1997 oS remsh,a oY ,CI 6'525

la jQ w;r 1998 oS thg ;j;a remsh,a oY ,CI 36' 729 lska jrAOkh è ;snqKs' jir wjika jkëg

iuia: .sKqàj, uqÛ jåkdlu remsh,a oY ,CI 43'254 la muK ëh'

idudcsl fkdjk13%

idudcsl 13%

osrshud;d5%

<ud4%

iuQy 65%

39

;ekam;= uqo,a II jk woshr 1997 - 1998

j.= wxl 35 re' oY ,CI

;ekam;= jrA.h 1997 1998 tl;=j m%udKh m%;sY;h m%udKh m%;sY;h m%udKh m%;sY;h

idudcsl 2.47 38 9.632 26 12.102 28

<ud 0.377 6 2.151 6 2.528 6

osrshud;d 0.377 6 2.02 5 2.397 6

idudcsl fkdjk 0.377 6 3.125 9 3.502 8

iuQy 2.924 45 19.801 54 22.725 53

tl;=j 6.525 101 36.729 100 43.254 101

nexl=jl idudkH ;ekam;= 1997 oS remsh,a oY ,CI 0'4798 la muK jQ w;r 1998 oS tl;=jQ

;ekam;=j, tu w.h remsh,a oY ,CI 0'270 la muK ëh' 1998 jir wjika jkëg iuia:hla f,i

nexl=jl idudkH ;ekam;= remsh,a oY ,CI 0'3180 la muK ëh'

;ekam;=jl idudkH jåkdlu 1997 oS remsh,a 150 la jQ w;r 1998 oS th 689 olajd by< f.dia

;snqKs'

III jk woshfrA nexl= ix.à ys 1998 jrAIh wjika jkëg ;ekam;= uqo,a f,i remsh,a oY ,CI

45'86 l muK uqo,la ;snqKs' âka 67] lKavdhà .sKQà j,ska ,eÉ ;snqKq w;r 16] la idudcsl

.sKqàj,ska ,eÉ ;snqKs'

nexl=jl idudkH ;ekam;= remsh,a oY ,CI 0'2576 la muK jQ w;r ;ekam;=jl idudkH jåkdlu

remsh,a 504 la muK ëh'

;ekam;= uqo,a I" II" III jk woshr 1997 - 1998

j.= wxl 36

;ekam;= jrA.h 1997 1998 tl;=j ixLHdj m%;sY;h ixLHdj m%;sY;h ixLHdj m%;sY;h

idudcsl 19.762 40 38.40 27 58.16 31

<ud 3.74 8 7.27 5 11.01 6

osrshud;d 3.257 7 8.88 6 12.14 6

idudcsl fkdjk 4.224 9 9.42 7 13.64 7

iuQy 18.218 37 76.05 54 94.26 50

tl;=j 49.201 101 140.02 99 189.21 100

iuia: ;ekam;=j, jåkdlu 1997 oS remsh,a oY ,CI 49'201 la jQ w;r 1998 jrAIh ;=< talrdYS jQ

uqo, remsh,a oY ,CI 140'01 ls' miq.sh jir yd ieioSfàoS th 184] l muK jeÆèuls'

1997 oS nexl=jl idudkH ;ekam;= remsh,a oY ,CI 0'1885 la muK jQ w;r 1998 oS th remsh,a oY

,CI 0'4310 la muK ëh' 1998 ;=< nexl= ix.uhlg idudkHfhka remsh,a oY ,CI 0'3190 la

muK wÛ;ska tl;=è ;snqKs'

;ekam;=jl idudkH jåkdlu 1997 oS remsh,a 364 la jQ w;r 1998 oS th remsh,a 508 la muK ëh'

40

rEm igyka wxl 14

;ekam;= uqo,a

I" II" III" woshr - 1998

3'5'3 Kh ksl=;a lsrSu

I jk woshr

1998 jifrAoS iuDoaò nexl= ix.à Kh ,ndoSuo wdràN lr ;snqKs' jir wjika jkëg Kh i|yd

wh¥àm;a 54669 la ,eÉ ;snQ w;r bka 52397 la Kh ,ndoSu i|yd f;dardf.k ;snqKs' fuu Khj,

jåkdlu remsh,a oY ,CI 188'09 la muK ëh' âka remsh,a oY ,CI 170'96 la muK tkà 91] la

muK jir wjika jkëg b,a,qàlrejka 51040 lg ksl=;a lr ;snqKs' âka 75] la ijx/lshd i|yd

o 25] la lDIsldrAâl Kh i|yd o fjkalr ;snqKs'

fok ,o Kh j,ska remsh,a oY ,CI 70'11 la kej; whlr f.k ;snqKs' Kh whlr .ekSfà

m%;sY;h 98 ] la muK ëh' nexl= ix.uhl idudkH KhoSà remsh,a oY ,CI 1'37 la muK jQ

w;r Khl idudkH jåkdlu remsh,a 3057 la muK ëh' nexl= ix.uhl idudkH meyer yers Kh

m%udKh remsh,a 25040 la muK ëh'

II jk woshr

fuu nexl= ix.àj,ska Kh wh¥àm;a 12058 la bosrsm;aè ;snqKq w;r bka 12040 l ixLHdjla wkqu;

è ;snqKs' Kh 10931 l ixLHdjla ksl=;a lr ;snqKs' tajdfha jåkdlu remsh,a oY ,CI 41'30 la muK

ëh' âka 13] la muK lDIsldrAâl Kh jQ w;r 82 ] la muK iajx/lshd Kh ëh'

fok ,o Kh j,ska remsh,a oY ,CI 9'02 la muK whlrf.k ;snqKq w;r Kh whlr .ekSfà m%;sY;h 100] l muK uêgul mej;=Ks' nexl= ix.uhl idudkH KhoSu remsh,a 303669 la muK ëh' tla Khl idudkH jåkdlu remsh,a 3256 la muK ëh' nexl= ix.uhl idudkH meyer yerS Kh m%udKh remsh,a 1274 la muK ëh' III jk woshr fuu nexl= ix.àj,ska Kh wh¥àm;% 6823 la jdrA;dè ;snqKq w;r bka 6255 la wkqu; lr ;snqKs' tajdfha jåkdlu remsh,a oY ,CI 24'40 la muK ëh' jrAIh wjika jkëg Kh 5815 l ixLHdjla ksl=;a lr ;snQ w;r tajdfha jåkdlu remsh,a oY ,CI 23'90 la muK ëh' âka 31] la muK lDIsldrAâl Kh jQ w;r 68] iajhx/lshd Kh ëh' oS ;snQ Kh j,ska remsh,a oY ,CI 5'06 l muK m%udKhla whlrf.k ;snqKq w;r whlr .ekSfà m%;sY;h 96] la muK ëh' nexl= ix.uhla ëiska

idudcsl 31%

<ud6%

iuQy 50%

osrshud;d6% idudcsl

fkdjk7%

41

idudkHfhka remsh,a 134269 la Kh jYfhka ,ndoS ;snqKs' tla Khl idudkH jåkdlu remsh,a 4077 la muK ëh'

uqÛ KhoSà - 1998 j.= wxl 37

fft;uh ixLHdj uqo, ^re' o',CI&

wkqu; Kh 70992 258.09

ksl=;al< Kh 67786 236.16

whlr.;a Kh - 84.19

msgyså Kh - 151.98

jir wjika jkëg woshr ;=kg wh;a nexl= ix.àj,ska Kh b,a,qà m;% 73550 l ixLHdjla jdrA;d è ;snqKs' bka 70992 l ixLHdjla wkqu; è ;snqKq w;r tajdfha jåkdlu remsh,a oY ,CI 258'09 muK ëh' âka 67786 l ixLHdjla ksl=;a lrk ,o w;r tajdfha jåkdlu remsh,a oY ,CI 236'16 la ëh' fuh wkqu;è ;snQ Kh j,ska 92] la muK ëh' ksl=;a l< Kh j,ska 23] la muK lDIsldrAâl Kh jQ w;r 76] la muK iajhx /lshd Kh ëh' jir wjika jkëg ,ndoS ;snQ Kh j,ska remsh,a oY ,CI 84'19 l m%udKhla whlr f.k ;snQ w;r Kh wdmiq whlr .ekSfà m%;sY;h 96] la muK ëh' nexl= ix.uhl idudkH KhoSà remsh,a 537950 la muK jQ w;r tla Khl idudkH jåkdlu remsh,a 3484 la muK ëh' nexl= ix.uhl idudkH meyer yerSà m%udKh remsh,a 7595 la muK ëh'

rEm igyka wxl 15

uqÛ KhoSà -1998

3'5'4 wdfhdack lghq;=

I jk woshr

fuhg wh;a nexl= ix.à ;=< jir wjika jkëg remsh,a oY ,CI 196'91 j;alà m%udKhla talrdYS

è ;snqKs' tajdhska remsh,a oY ,CI 92'437 l muK m%udKhla tkà 35] la muK NdKavd.dr Å,am;a

yd iqrl=àm;a â,oS .ekSu i|yd fhdojd ;snqKs' ;j;a remsh,a oY ,CI 31'498 l m%udKhla tkà

12] la muK m%udKhla b;srslsrSfà .sKqàj, ;ekam;a lr ;snqKs' ;j;a remsh,a oY ,CI 100'852 l

muK m%udKhla Kh f,i uqodyer ;snqKs' th iuia: j;alà j,ska 47] la muK ëh' fuhg wu;rj

I woshr73%

II woshr17%

III woshr10%

42

j;alà j,ska 2] la yd 4] la ms<Sfj,ska w; b;srs uqo,a yd cx.u .sKQàj, ;snqKs' nexl= ix.uhl

idudkH j;alu remsh,a oY ,CI 1'85 la muK ëh'

II jk woshr

fuu nexl= ix.àj, uqÛ j;alà m%udKh jir wjika jkëg remsh,a oY ,CI 118'10 la muK ëh'

âka remsh,a oY ,CI 39'78 l m%udKhla tkà 37] muK NdKavd.dr Å,am;a yd iqrl=àm;a â<oS

.ekSu i|yd fhdojd ;snqKq w;r ;j;a remsh,a oY ,CI 28'49 la tkà 26] la muK b;srs lsrSfà

.sKqàj, ;ekam;a lr ;snqKs' ;j;a remsh,a oY ,CI 32'28 l uqo,la tkà j;alà j,ska 30] la

muK Kh f,i uqodyer ;snqKs' cx.u .sKqàj, 7] l m%udKhla o w;b;srs uqo,a f,i 1] l muK

m%udKhlao ëh' nexl= ix.uhl idudkH j;alà remsh,a oY ,CI 0'80 la muK ëh'

III jk woshr

fuhg wh;a iuDoaò nexl= ix.à ;=< remsh,a oY ,CI 116'84 l m%udKhla j;alà f,i talrdYS è

;snqKs' bka remsh,a oY ,CI 45'40 l m%udKhla tkà 46] la muK NdKavd.dr Å,am;a iqrl=àm;a

â,oS .ekSu i|yd fhdojd ;snqKq w;r remsh,a oY ,CI 25'49 l m%udKhla tkà 26] la b;srs

lsrSfà .sKqàj, ;ekam;a lr ;snqKs' ;j;a remsh,a oY ,CI 18'84 l m%udKhla tkà 19] la Kh

f,i ksl=;a lr ;snqKs' j;alà j,ska 8] la cx.u .sKqà j,;a 2] la muK w; b;srs uqo,a f,i;a

jir wjika jkëg olakg ,enqKs' nexl= ix.uhl idudkH j;alà m%udKh remsh,a oY ,CI 0'56 la

muK ëh'

wdfhdack 1998

I" II" III woshr

j.= wxl 38

re' oY ,CI j,ska

jrA.h I woshr II woshr III woshr tl;=j

ixLHdj m%;sY;h ixLHdj m%;sY;h ixLHdj m%;sY;h ixLHdj m%;sY;h

NdKavd.dr Å,am;a 92.437 40 39.779 37 45.398 46 177.614 40

b;srs lsrSfà .sKqà 31.498 14 28.277 26 25.493 26 85.268 19

cx.u .sKqà 6.335 3 7.265 7 8.124 8 21.724 5

w; b;srs 0.909 0 0.844 1 1.831 2 3.584 1

msgyså Kh 100.852 43 32.281 30 18.845 19 151.978 35

tl;=j 232.031 100 108.446 101 99.691 101 440.168 100

43

rEm igyka wxl 16

wdfhdack - 1998

I" II" III woshr

jir wjika jkëg woshr ;=kgu wh;a nexl= ix.àj, ;snQ uqÛ j;alà m%udKh remsh,a oY ,CI

440'15 la muK ëh' âka remsh,a oY ,CI 177'61 l m%udKhla tkà 40] la muK NdKavd.dr Å,am;a

yd iqrl=àm;a wdosh â,oS .ekSu i|yd fhdojd ;snqKq w;r remsh,a oY ,CI 85'27 la muK tkà

19] la b;srs lsrSfà .sKqàj, wdfhdackh lr ;snqKs' remsh,a oY ,CI 151'99 l muK m%udKhla

msgyså Kh jQ w;r th uqÛ j;alà j,ska 35] la ëh'

rEm igyka wxl 17

nexl= ix.à wdfhdack 1998

iuDoaò nexl= ix.à jevigyk ms<sn| ëia;r weuqKqà wxl 10 ys olajd we;'

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

NdK

avd.d

r Å

,am

;a

b;s

Ñ ls¯fà

.sK

qà

cx.u

.sK

qà

w; b;s

Ñ

msgyså K

h

1 woshr 11 woshr 111 woshr

1 woshr52%

11 woshr25%

111 woshr23%

44

rEm igyka wxl 18

iuDoaò nexl= ix.à wdfhdack 1998

3'6 lDIslrAu ixjrAOk lghq;= 3'6'1' ye|skaèu

iuDoaò iykdOdr ,nk â,shk 1'9la muK m%;s,dNs mjq,a j,ska 80] la muK iDcqju lDIs

lrAudka;fha kshef,k w;r ;j;a 10] la muK lDIs wdY%s; lrAudka;j, ksr; jk nj 1997 jrAIfha

†ia;%slal 18l f;dard .kakd ,o l,dm 18l lrk ,o iäCIKhlg wkqj fmkS f.dia we;' thg

wu;rj iuDoaò m%;s,dNSkaf.ka 70] lg muK j.d l< yels f.j;= ;sfnk w;r Tjqkaf.ka 25]lg

muK f.j;a;g wu;rj fjk;a bvào we;s njo fmkS f.dia we;' fà wkqj n,k l< †<sálu

msgq±lSu i|yd iuDoaò jevigyk hgf;a lDIslrAu ixjrAOk lghq;= i|yd uQ,sl ;ekla ysâfï'

3'6'2' wruqKq

1' iuDoaò m%;s,dNSkaf.a f.j;= ixjrAOkh ls¯u ;=<ska Tjqkaf.a wdydr i|yd hk ëhou wvqlr „jk

;;ajh Wiia ls¯u'

2' iqÛ mÑudK f.dë;efkys ksr; jk ishÛu iuDoaò m%;s,dNSka mdÑiÑl f.dë;ekg fhduq ls¯u

;=<ska lDIs ksIamdok i|yd jeh jk ëhou wju lr ,dN ,nd .ekSfà ;;a;ajhg f.k tau'

3' iajhx /lshd i|yd wjYH ±kqu" l=i,;d iy wdl,am jeÆ †hqKq ls¯u iy ta i|yd wjYH

myiqlà ,nd °u uÕska lDIs wdY%s; lrAudka; we;s ls¯fuka /lS rlaId wjia:d we;s ls¯u'

4' wdrA:sl jåkdlulska hq;a rela frdamKh ls¯u ;=<ska „j;a èug yd j.d ls¯ug ys;lr mÑirhla

f.dvke.Su yd tuÕska m%;s,dN ,nd .ekSug wjia:d we;s ls¯u'

by; i|yka wruqKq uq¥ka muqkqjd,kq i|yd lDIs ixjrAOk jevigyk uÕska m%Odk jYfhka f.j;=

j.d jevigyk" lDIsldrAâl jD;a;Sh mqyqKq jevigyk" foaYSh T!IO fNda. j.d jHdmD;sh"

mdÑiÑl$rela frdamK jHdmD;sh" ±kqj;a ls¯fà jevigyk iy taldnoaO .%du ixjrAOk jevigyk

hk jevigyka l%shd;aul flfrA'

NdKavd.dr Å,am;a

40%

w; b;srs1%

b;srs lsrSfà .sKQà19%

cx.u .sKqà5%

msgyså Kh35%

45

3'6'3' m%;smdok

iuDoaò lDIs ixjrAOk jevigyk l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd 1996"1997 iy 1998 jrAI i|yd ,nd° we;s

uQ,H m%;smdok my; mÑ† fï'

lDIs ixjrAOk jevigyk

j.= wxl 39

re' '000

jevigyk jrAIh

1996 1997 1998

1' f.j;= j.d jevigyk 2640 1300 6100

2' jD;a;Sh mqyqKq jevigyk 1200 300 3800

3' foaYSh T!IO fNda. j.d jevigyk - 100 180

4' rela frdamK $ mdÑiÑl jevigyk - 480 328

5' fjk;a lDIs jevigyka - 515 8268

tl;=j 5836 4692 20674

3'6'4 f.j;= j.d jevigyk

f.j;= j.d ls¯u iy ixjrAOkh ls¯u ;=<ska wvq wdodhà,dNSkaf.a ëhoà wju ls¯u iy wdodhà

jeÆ ls¯u;a fmdaIK ;;ajh kxjd,Su;a fuu jevigyfka uQ,sl wruqK fï' fà hgf;a iEu iuDoaò

l,dmhlu me, ;jdkla wdràN ls¯ug;a" iEu .%du ks<OdÑ jiulu wdorAY f.j;a;la we;s ls¯u;a

is¥ flfrA' fuu jevigyk l%shd;aul ls¯fà° f.j;= j.d ls¯u iy ixjrAOkh ls¯u i|yd wjYH

Wmfoia fomdrA;fàka;=" wdh;kj, ks<Od¯ka uÕska m%;s,dNSkag ,nd °u is¥ flfrA' äg wu;rj fuu

f.j;= j.d jevigyk idrA:lj l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd m%;s,dNSka †Ñ.ekaèfà wruqKska f.j;= j.d

;rÕ meje;aèuo is¥ flfrA'

1996 jrAIfha° f.j;= j.d jevigyk †ia;%slal 17lska f;dard.;a m%dfoaYsh f,alà fldêGdY 21l

l%shd;aul lr we;' leianEj" yxje,a," w;a;k.,a," âkqjkaf.dv" u;=.u" j,,a,dëg" lgqjk" èrleåh"

fn,sw;a;" uyj" .sÑndj" l=,shdmsåh" fndafma-fmdaoao,'" y,a¥àuq,a," l,jdk" le<Ksh" wrKdhl"

wdKuvqj" yÕ=rkafl;" Wl=fj," md;¥ànr hk m%dfoaYsh f,alà fldêGdY fuhg wh;a fï' fuu

m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY 21 ;=< iEu l,dmhlu me, ;jdkla wdràN ls¯ug;a" iEu .%du ks<OdÑ

jiulu wdorAY f.j;a;la we;s ls¯ug;a Wmfoia ° we;s w;r fuu jevigyk l%shd;aul ls¯fà°

f.j;= j.d ls¯u iy ixjrAOkh ls¯u i|yd wjYH Wmfoia wod, ks<Od¯ka uÕska m%foaYjdiSkag ,nd

° ;snqKs'

1997 jrAIfha f.j;= j.d jevigyk uÕska m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY 19l me, ;jdka 20la iy

f.j;= 19la ixjrAOkh lr we;s w;r f.j;= j.d ;rÕ 22la mj;ajd we;' fuu f.j;= j.d

jevigyk l%shd;aul l< m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY jkqfha mkak," w,ïj" kdràu," fyêåfmd,"

46

wl=rK" l=Kavidf,a" msgneoaor" ;syf.dv" færej," fydrK" cd we," wdrÄîlêgqj" ´mkdhl"

wÕ=Kfld,me,eiai" fudKrd.," .,s.uqj" fld;auf,a" jdÑhfmd, yd èrUqf.or hs'

fuu jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul ls¯ug wjYH ishÛu uQ,H m%;smdok 1998 jifrA uq,a ldrA;=j ;=<° †ia;%slal

18 l m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY 244 lg ,nd fok ,°' fà wkqj wdràN l< me, ;jdka ixLHdj

967 la jQ w;r wdorAY f.j;= ixLHdj 5003 ls' ixjrAOkh lrk ,o f.j;= ixLHdj 32771 ls' äg

wu;rj iuDoaò m%;s,dNSkaf.a odhl;ajfhka l,dmSh uêgâka m%;s,dNS ksfjiaj, fldàfmdaiaê fmdfydr

tall 38741 la wdràN lr we;' iuia:hla f,i fuu jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd 1998 jifrA

re' â,shk 6'3 la uqo,la wdfhdackh lr ;snqKs' weuqKqà wxl 11 uÕska ëia;r olajd we;'

3'6'5 foaYSh T!IO fnda. j.d jHdmD;sh

foaYShj nyq,j Ndë;d jk T!IO me,Eå jrA. jHdmdr uêgâka iuDoaò m%;s,dNSkaf.a iyNd.S;ajfhka

j.d ls¯u fuu jHdmD;sh uÕska is¥ flfrA' fuu.ska iuDoaò m%;s,dNSkag wu;r wdodhula ,nd .ekSug

ie,eiaèfuka Tjqkaf.a wdodhà ;;a;ajh by< kxjd,Su is¥ flfrA' fà hgf;a ±kg l%shd;aul jk me,

;jdkaj, T!IO me,$ nSc ;jdka we;s lr we;'

1997 jrAIfha wdràN l, fuu jHdmD;sh jir wjika jkëg m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY 14l

l%shd;aul jQ w;r jeo.;a hehs ie,flk foaYSh T!IO me,Eå jrA. 6la j.dlrk ,°' tu me,Eå

jrA. j.d ls¯ug wjYH Wmfoia we;=,;a w;am;%sld ms<sfh, lr m%;s,dNSka w;r fnod ye¯ug o

lghq;= lrk ,°'

1997 jrAIfha wdràN lrk ,o †ia;%slalhg tla T!IO me, ;jdk ne.ska jQ T!IO me, ;jdka 17

;j¥rg;a kv;a;= ls¯u yd me, ;jdkaj, kj T!IO me, jrA. isgqèu 1998 jifrA ;j¥rg;a is¥

flreKs' äg wu;rj by; i|yka l< me, ;jdkaj,g taldnoaOj 1998 jrAIfha° U!IO me,;jdka

78 la ia:dmkh lrk ,°' fà i|yd 1998 jrAIfha re' â,shk 0'1 l uqo,la wdfhdackh lr we;'

3'6'6 mdÑiÑl rela frdamK jevigyk

°rA> ld,Sk jYfhka mÑirh iq/lSfà wruqKska iEu .%du ks<OdÑ jiulu iuDoaò m%;s,dNSkaf.a

iyNd.S;ajh we;sj ±j me, jrA. Tjqkaf.au f.j;=j, fyda bvàj, frdamKh ls¯u rela frdamK

jevigyk uÕska is¥ flfrA'

fuu.ska l=vd bvà ysâhkag wdodhula ,nd †ug;a" Wia Åà fmdaIl m%foaYj,g wdrCIdj ie,iSfuka

mdxY= Ldokh" kdh hEà" c, .e,Sà" c, W,am;a is|S hEà jeks jHikhkaf.ka fæ¯ug;a yelsjkq we;'

tfukau" f.j;= ysâhkag jdihg ys;lr isis,a mÑirhla fukau wdydr jrA." or" i;a;aj wdydr"

T!IO jrA. yd fldams" flfi,a" w,s.eg fmar yd fjk;a fnda. rdYshlao jrAIh mqrd ,nd.ekSug

yelsjkq we;' fuu.ska Tjqkaf.a ksfjiaj, mÑfNdackhg wjYH or j,ska 75]lg jeÆ m%udKhla ;u

f.j;af;kau ,nd .ekSug o yelsjkq we;'

47

mdie,a <uqka mÑirh iq/lSug Wkka¥ ls¯uo fuu jevigyk hgf;a is¥ flfrA' 1997 jrAIfha

wdràN jQ fuu jevigyk hgf;a fudrgqj m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdYfha mdie,a <uqkaf.a f.j;=j,

isgqèu i|yd fldia me, 5000la iemhSug lghq;= lrk ,°' me, isgqèu iy /ln,d .ekSu

iànkaOfhka mdie,a isiqka ±kqj;a ls¯fà jevigyklao l%shd;aul lrk ,°' 1997 fkdjeànrA ui 12

jeks †k °m jHdma; rela frdamK jevigykla ishÛu †ia;%slalj, idrA:lj meje;ajqks' fà i|yd

wjyH me, m%;s,dNSka ëiskau imhd .kq ,eÅK'

†jhsfka ishÛu †ia;%slalj, 1998 jifrA fkdjeànrA ui 12 jeks †kg fhoqk rela frdamK †kg

iu.däj mÑir ixrCIK jevigyka mj;ajk ,°' rela frdamK jHdmD;sh hgf;a iuDoaò m%;s,dNSka

yg fmd,a me, yd fjk;a jåkd me, jrA. fnod °u o is¥ lrk ,°' ta hgf;a ëëO ±j jrA.

we;=Û me, 781398 la muK frdamKh lrk ,°' fà i|yd 1998 jrAIfha re' â,shk 0'13 la uqo,la

wdfhdackh lr we;'

3'6'7 ±kqj;a ls¯fà jevigyk

iuDoaò m%;s,dNSkaf.ka 40] lg jeÆ msÑilf.a m%Odk „jfkdamdh lDIslrAudka;h jqjo Tjqkaf.ka

nyq;rhla mdràmÑl lDIsldrAâl l%u Ndë;hg yqrej we;s w;r" kj lDIsldrAâl l%u Ndë;h ms<sn|

wjfndaOh fkdue;slâka ksIamdokj, m%udKh yd .=Kd;aul Ndjh wvqè we;' tfukau lDIs ksIamdok

wdY%s; iajhx/lshd nyq, jqjo iuDoaò m%;s,dNSkag ta ms<sn|j we;s ±kqu yd wjfndaOh b;d wju

uêgul mj;S' fà fya;+ka ksid iuDoaò m%;s,dNSka i|yd kj lDIsldrAâl l%u y|qkajd°u" mdÑiÑl

f.dë;ek ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd°u yd lDIs wdY%s; iajhx /lshd j,g fhduq ls¯u i|yd wjYH

±kqu yd mqyqKqj ,nd°u yd Tjqka ±kqj;a ls¯fà jevigyka mj;ajk ,°'

1996 jrAIfha iuDoaò m%;s,dNSka iajhx /lshd i|yd fhduq ls¯u msKsi Tjqkag ëëO wdh;k uÕska

jD;a;Sh mqyqKqj ,nd °ug lghq;= lrk ,°' tu.ska weka;+Ñhà yd Åàu,a j.dj" fldàfmdaiaê

fmdfydr ksIamdokh" ä ueis md,kh ms<sn| mqyqKqj" .%däh uêgâka iy,a ieliSu yd rks, fnda.

msh,s ls¯u" lDIsldrAâl hka;% WmlrK kv;a;=j ms<sn| mqyqKq mdGud,d" f;a ;jdka md,kh" o¢

fk,Su" lmamd¥ md,kh jeks jD;a;Sh mqyqKq mdGud,djka fuu jir ;=< meje;ajqks' fà i|yd wjYH

wjia:dj,° ±kqj;a ls¯fà jevigyka †ia;%sla lDIs mqyqKq uOHia:dk uÕska meje;aèuo is¥ flreKs'

1997 jrAIfha ° fuu jevigyk hgf;a iuDoaò m%;s,dNSka w;r iajhx /lshd m%p,s; ls¯fà wruqKska

Åàu,a j.dj" weka;+Ñhà yd ´lsö j.dj yd fldàfmdaiaê fmdfydr ksIamdokh ms<sn| mqyqKq jevuqÛ

50la m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY 32l mj;ajk ,°' äg wu;rj f.dèka i|yd ksIamdok ëhoà wvqlr

.kakd lDIs ldrAâl l%u yákajd °fà jevigyka we;=ka.u yd n,xf.dv° mj;ajk ,°' fuu

jevigyka i|yd m%;s,dNSka 1800la muK iyNd.s è we;'

fuu jHdmD;sh hgf;a weka;+Ñhà j.dj" Åàu,a j.dj" ä ueis md,kh yd fldàfmdaiaê fmdfydr

ksIamdokh jeks fCIa;%j, iajhx /lshd wdràN ls¯ug wjYH uQ,sl ±Kqj;a ls¯à i|yd †ia;%sla 18 l

l,dmSh yd m%dfoaYSh uêgâka jevigyka 451 la mj;ajd we;s w;r jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd

1998 jifrA° re' â,shk 0'54 l uqo,la wdfhdackh lr ;snqKs'

48

3'6'8 ëfYaI lDIs ixjrAOk jHdmD;s

fuu jevigyk hgf;a iuDoaò m%;s,dNSkaf.a wdodhu jeÆ ls¯u i|yd l,dmj, iuDoaò ks<Od¯ka

ëiska yákd .kakd,o lDIs ldrAâl jHdmD;s l%shd;aul flfrA' 1997 jifrA wdràN lrk ,o fuu

jevigyk l%shd;aul jk m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY 17lska f;dard .;a iuDoaòl,dm 17l lDIs ldrAâl

wxYfha bv m%ia:d ms<sn|j ixjrAOkhg wod, f;dr;=re ms<sn| iäCIK mj;ajd we;' fuu m%dfoaYSh

f,alà fldêGdY jkqfha uyl=Uqlalvj," .,a.uqj" Wvqkqjr" r;af;dg" wU.uqj" wlaäuk" uq,åhk"

;siaiuydrduh" l,jdk" jrldfmd," yd,s we," ouk" ue†Ñ.sÑh" rUEj" leianEj" äÑ.u" yd

nq,;aisxy, hs' fuu iäCIKhg wkqj taldnoaO .%du ixjrAOk jevigyk l%shd;aul jk l,dmj,

f.j;= j.d jHdmD;sh ls%hd;aul ls¯u i|yd m%;smdok yd uÕfmkaèà is¥lr we;'

fuu jHdmD;sh hgf;a l,dmSh uêgâka yákd.;a ëëO jHdmD;Ska 14 la fld<U" .àmy" kqjrt<sh"

wkqrdOmqrh" .d,a," ud;r" n¥,a," mq;a;,u yd l=reKE., hk †ia;%slalj, wdràN lrk ,°' fà

wkqj .àmy yd l=reKE., †ia;%slalj, lcq msÑ ieliqà jHdmD;Ska 08 lao" wkqrdOmqr †ia;%slalfha

flfi,a fl|s jHdmD;shlao" .d,a, †ia;%slalfha wkakdis j.d jHdmD;shlao wdràN lr ;snqKq w;r fuu

jHdmD;Ska idrA:l f,i mj;ajdf.k hk ,°' fuu.ska fndfyda msÑilg iajhx /lshd wjia:d ie,iS

we;' .àmy †ia;%slalfha Å;a;r è ksIamdok jHdmD;shla yd iuQy f.dëm,lao" fmdf<dkakrej

†ia;%slalfha Åàu,a j.d ls¯fà jHdmD;shlao" kqjrt<sh †ia;%slalfha fmhd^rA&ia j.d jHdmD;shla yd

ëfYaI mÑir jevigyklao" fld<U †ia;%slalfha lDIs ksIamdok wf,ë uOHia:dkhla o wdràN lrk

,°' fà i|yd 1998 jifrA re' â,shk 0'43 l uqo,la wdfhdackh lr we;'

by; i|yka m%Odk jHdmD;Skag wu;rj Y%S ,xld iuDoaò wòldÑfha lDIs ixjrAOk wxYh" ëëO

fm!oa.,sl wdh;k iuÕ talnoaOj fkdfhl=;a lDIs wf,ë jevigyka l%shd;aul lrk w;r c,

iàm;a uKav,h hgf;a md,kh jQ fgdÑkagka me, ;jdk 1997 Tlaf;danrA isg Y%S ,xld iuDoaò

wòldÑhg mjrdf.k tys ixëOdkh iy fufyhqà lghq;= is¥ls¯u o wrUd we;'

fuhg wu;rj ls;=,a j.d jHdmD;sh 1998 jifrA l%shd;aul jqks' fà hgf;a lÛ;r" kqjrt<sh" ud;f,a"

.d,a," ud;r" yànkaf;dg" n¥,a, yd lE.,a, hk †ia;%slalj, ls;=,a me, ;jdka 47 la wdràN lr

;snqKs' fà i|yd 1998 jifrA re' â,shk 0'05 l uqo,la wdfhdackh lr ;snqKs' lDIs ixjrAOk

jevigyk ms<sn| ëia;r weuqKqà wxl 11'1 ys ±lafï'

3'7 i;a;aj md,k" ûjr yd fmdaIK lghq;=

i;a;aj md,k yd ûjr fCI;% uÕska .%däh wvq wdodhà ,nk ck;djf.a wdodhà ;;a;ajh jeÆ †hqKq

l s¯ug iajhx /lshd wjia:d W;amdokh ls¯ug;a" ta i|yd wjYH iydh ,nd†u;a is¥ lr we;'

tfukau fmdaIK jevigyka ;=,ska my< fmdaIK uêgàj, isåk mjq,a yákdf.k Tjqka tu

;;a;ajfhka uqojd .ekSug wjYH ±kqu yd wjfndaOh ,nd°u is¥ flfrA'

49

i;a;aj md,kh

iajhx /lshd wjia:d rdYshlg ux fm;a fy<s l< yels i;a;aj md,k fCI;%fhka ëëO jHdmD;s ±kg

ls%hd;aul lr ;sfæ' uyshx.kh m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdYfha tÛjka we;s lsrSfà jHdmD;s 02 la o

fn%dhs,rA ksIamdok jHdmD;s 17 la m,a,u m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdYfha o wdràN lr we;' fà i|yd

fhojqà iemhsu;a" ksIamdok â,° .ekSu;a m%uqL mqoa.,sl iud.ula jk m%Sud iud.fà wkq.%yfhka is¥

lrkq ,efæ'

äg wu;rj ;j;a m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY ;=kl m%;s,dNSka 75 fofkl= fuu iud.u yd iànkaO

fldg fn%dhs,rA l=l=,ka we;s ls¯fà iajhx /lshdj, fhoèug lghq;= lr we;'

lsÑ .jhska we;s ls¯fà jHdmD;s 05 la ±kg yÕ=rkafl; m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdYfha wdràN lsrSug

wjYH lghq;= wjika lr we;'

fuhg wu;rj i;a;aj md,k jevigyka hgf;a werüug lghq;= lr we;s jevigyka w;r W!rka

we;s lsrSu" Å;a;r ksIamdok jHdmD;s" lsÑ tl;= lsÑu yd m%jdykh" lsÑ wf,ë ls¯u" .%däh uêgâka

lsÑ „jdKqyrKh fldg wf,ë ls¯u" fhda.ê ksIamdokh m%uqL ;ekla .kS'

fuu wxYh uÕska wod, wdh;k iànkaO lrf.k i;a;aj md,k mqyqKq jevigyka ls%hd;aul flfrA'

fuu mqyqKq jevigyka ;=<ska iuDoaò m%;s,dNSka 603 la" iuDoaò kshduljreka 141 la iy iuDoaò

l<ukdlrejka 40 fofkl= mqyqKq lr ;sfæ' Bg wu;rj t<lsÑ mdÑfNdackh ms<sn|j mdie,a <uqka

±kqj;a ls¯fà jevigyka" mdie,a isiqka 400 lf.a iyNd.S;ajfhka mj;ajd we;s w;r b†Ñfha° mdie,a

isiqka 800 la i|yd fuu jevigyk meje;aèug ie,iqà lr we;'

ûjr fCIa;%h

i;a;aj md,k fCIa;%h fukau ûjr fCIa;%h ;=<ska o .%däh uêgâka iajhx /lshd rdYshla W;amdokh

l< yel'

fà hgf;a ±kg l+vq ;=< u;aiH megjqka we;s ls¯fà jHdmD;s 05 la ;ukalvqj" iqÑhjej" oUq,a, iy

yÕ=rkafl; m%dfoaYsh f,alà fldêGdYj, ls%hd;aul flfrA' fà ;=<ska m%;s,dNSka 08 fofkl=g fi;

ie,iS we;'

uv fmdl=Kq ;=, u;aiH megjqka we;s ls¯fà jHdmD;s ;Ku,aë, yd wÕ=Kqfld,me,eiai hk m%dfoaYSh

f,alà fldêGdYj, wdràN lr we;'

c,dY ;=, wdydr i|yd uiqka we;s ls¯fà jHdmD;s ±kg oUq,a, iy ;ukalvqj m%dfoaYSh f,alà

fldêGdYj, wdràN lr we;' fà i|yd m%;s,dNS mjq,a 40 la muK iànkaO è isç'

iqÛ mÑudK lrj, ksIamdolhskaf.a wdodhà ;;a;ajh kÕd isgqèug Tjqka iànkaO fldg idud‚lhska

30 l= f.ka iukaë; ksIamdolhskaf.a iâ;shla msysgqèug iydh ,nd ° we;' Tjqkag wjYH ;dCIKsl

±kqu ,nd°u fjk;a wdh;k yd iànkaûlrKfhka is¥ lr we;'

50

iqr;,a uiqka we;s ls¯fà jHdmD;s folla ±kg wdràN lr we;s w;r" m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY 04

l iuDoaò m%;s,dNSka 32 la fuu jHdmD;sh i|yd fhduq ls¯ug ie,iqà lr ;sfæ' fuys° o mqoa.,sl

wdh;k yd wmkhklrejka iànkaO ls¯ula is¥ flfrA'

òjr fCIa;%h ;=<ska ±kg iuDoaò m%;s,dNSka 92 la" iuDoaò kshduljreka 37 la iy iuDoaò

l<ukdlrejka 06 fofkl= mqyqKq lrkq we;'

fmdaIK jevigyk

cd;sl ixjrAOk Ndrldr wruqof,a uq,H wkq.%yfhka iuDoaò fmdaIK jevigyk wdràN lrk ,°' ta

i|yd iuDoaò kshduljreka" iuDoaò l<ukdlrejka fi!LH fomdrA;fàka;=fï iydh we;sj mqyqKq

lrkq ,en we;' bka miqj b,lal lKavdhà yákdf.k fmdaIK wxYfhka wjodkug ,lajk mjq,a

lKavdhà .;fldg Tjqka i|yd ±kqj;a ls¯fà jevigyka iy <ore w;sfrAl wdydr ms<sfh, ls¯fà

wdorAYk meje;aèu is¥ lr we;' ;jo iuDoaò m%;s,dNskaf.a fmdaIK uêgu yd ikSmdrCIdj Wiia

ls¯ug f.j;= j.d yd i;a;aj md,k tall we;s lsÑu" mdkSh c,h yd jeisls,s myiqlà" mdÑiÑl

.egÛ i|yd ëiáà fièu" iuDoaò kshduljrekaf.a ue†y;aèfuka is¥ lr we;'

m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY 42 l .%du ks,Od¯ jià 2874 l fuu fmdaIK jevigyk ls%hd;aul

flfrk w;r" fuu lghq;= i|yd iuDoaò kshduljreka 2829 iy iuDoaò l<ukdlrejka 232 la

mqyqKq fldg we;'

uïjreka ±kqj;a ls¯fà jevigyka 6541 la <ore w;sfrAl wdydr ms<sfh, lsÑfà wdorAYk 3069 la

mj;ajd we;' f.j;= j.d 10034 la" i;a;aj md,k tall 3355 la jeisls,s 1429 la iy mdkSh c,

tall 218 la ëëO ixëOdkj, iyfhda.h ,ndf.k wdràN lr we;'

3'8 iudc ixjrAOk jevigyk

iudcfha wjdis iy.; ;;a;ajhg m;aj we;s ck;djf.a wdrA:sl Yla;sh by< kxjd,Sug l%shdlrk

w;ru Tjqka iudchSh yd ixialD;sl jYfhka o ixjrAOkh ls¯u iuDoaò jevigyfka wruqKhs'

tneëka iudc ixjrAOk fiajd flfryso jeÆ wjOdkhla fhduq lrkakg lghq;= lr we;s w;r tuÕska

¥mam;=ka i|yd iudc ixjrAOk iy iqNidOk jevigyka meje;aèu ;=<ska Tjqka iudc ms<s.ekSug ,la

ls¯u i|yd wjYH lghq;= bgq lr we;'

ta hgf;a m%Odk jYfhka u;aøjH ksjdrKh" <ud iqNidOkh" jeÆyså iqN idOkh" wdndò; iqNidOkh

wd° ëëO iqNidOk fiajd lghq;= bgq flfrA'

u;ameka yd u;aøjH Ndë;h iDcqju †<sánj flfrA n,mEà we;s lrhs' tneëka iudc ixjrAOk

jevigyka i|yd jdrAIslj fjka lrkq ,nk m%;smdok j,ska 80] la muK fjkq lr we;af;a u;aøjH

ksjdrK jevigyka i|yd fï' fuu lghq;= idrA:lj l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd Y%S ,xld iuDoaò

wòldÑfhys u;a ksjdrK cd;sl lâgqjla o ia:dmkh lr we;'

51

iudc ixjrAOk moku msysgqèu iy ëëO iudc fiajd

iuDoaò jevigyk ;=< iudc ixjrAOk jevigyka l%shdjg kexèfà uQ,sl wruqK <Õdlr .ekSu

i|yd m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY uêgâka iudc ixjrAOk mokà msysgqjd we;s w;r tys iNdm;s f,i

m%dfoaYSh f,alàjrhd o f,alà f,i iudc fiajd ks,OdÑhdo lghq;= lr;s' rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk

ixëOdkj, ksfhda‚;hskao tys idud‚lhska f,i lghq;= lr;s' fuh m%cd uQ,sl jevigykla f,i

l%shd;aul jk w;r tuÕska ëëO fya;= ksid wirK Ndjhg m;aj isåk iudc fldgiaj,g iydh èu

wfkl=;a m%cdjf.a j.lSu yd hq;=lu f,i i,ld lghq;= ls¯u is¥flfrA'

iudc ixjrAOk moku i|yd wruqo,a imhd.kq ,nkafka cd;sl uêgâka iuDoaò fldÆ †k

meje;aèfuks' iEu iudc ixjrAOk mokulgu ;uka ëiska fldÆ wf,ëfhka Wmhd .kakd ,o uqo,g

idfmaCIj 25] l odhl;ajh Y%S ,xld iuDoaò wòldÑfhkao ,ndfokq ,efæ' äg wu;rj ;u wruqo,a

;r lr.ekSu i|yd iudc ixjrAOk mokà ëfYaI jevigyka l%shdjg kexèu o lrkq ,efæ'

;u fldêGdYhg wod,j wjYH;d fidhd n,d ta wkqj jevigyka iàmdokh ls¯u yd l%shdjg kexèu

iudc ixjrAOk mokfà uQ,sl j.lSu fï'

1996 iy 1997 hk jirj, ms<sfj,ska iuDoaò fldÆ †k folla mj;ajk ,°' iuDoaò fldÆ wf,ë

ls¯u i|yd \cd;Hka;r †<sálu msgq±lSfà\ †kh f,i kàlr ;snQ Tlaf;danrA ui 17 jk †kh fhdod

.ekqks' ta jir ;=< ,enQ wdodhu my; ±lafï'

j.= wxl 40

jrAIh fldÆ wf,ëfhka ,o wdodhu re' wòldÑh u.Ska ,ndfok 25] odhl;ajh

1996 2666141.00 66635

1997 2383581.00 595895

1998 1624062.70 40616

†ia;%sla uêgâka jdrA;d è we;s f;dr;=rej,g wkqj 1997 iy 1998 fojir ;=< iudc ixjrAOk

moku uÕska l%shd;aul lrk ,o iqnidOk jevigyka ixLHdj ms<sfj,ska 839 la yd 5785 la fï' tu

f;dr;=re j.= wxl 41 ys ±lafï'

j.= wxl 41

1997 1998

u;aøjH ksjdrK 300 1640

jeÆyså iqNidOk 101 590

wdndò; iqNidOk 61 490

<ud iqNidOk 82 486

ldka;d iqNidOk 94 558

ueo fmr†. .sh mjq,a iqNidOk 05 199

ëëO iudc fiajd 196 1822

uqÛ jevigyka 839 5785

äg wu;rj u;ameka yd u;a øjH wju ls¯fà W;aiydhla †ia;%sla uêgâka †jhsk mqrd l%shd;aul lrk

,°' fà i|yd wka;rdodhl T!IO md,l uKav,fha mQrAK iydh we;sj iuDoaò l<uKdlrejka yg

52

ëfYaI mqyqKqjla ,ndfokq ,eÉh' fuys wruqKq jQfha l<uKdlrejka u.Ska kshdulhska fj; o"

kshdulhska uÕska uyck;dj fj;o u;aøjH wju ls¯fà msKsjqvh f.k hduhs'

1997 iema;eânrA ui 08 jk †kg fh° ;snqKq f,dal idCir;d †kfha° ëfY aI jevigykla wOHdmk

wud;HdxYfha fkdëòu;a wOHdmk tallh yd taldnoaOj l%shd;aul lrk ,°' fuys° jhi wjqre¥ 6-15

;a w;r mdie,a fkdhk <uqka yákdf.k Tjqka mdie,a fj; fhduq ls¯ug lghq;= lrk ,°' fà hgf;a

†ia;%sla uêgâka <uqka 710 la muK mdie,a fj; fhduq ls¯ug yelsëh'

fuu jevigyka l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd Y%S ,xld iuDoaò wòldÑh uÕska my; mÑ† ëhoà ord we;'

j.= wxl 42

jrAIh ork ,o m%;smdok m%udKh re' â'

1996 1.403

1997 3.556

1998 2.393

uqÛ tl;=j 7.352

1998 jrAIfhao iuDoaò fldÆ †kh mj;ajkakg fh¥k w;r ta i|yd f;dard .kq ,enqfï uehs ui 31

jkodg fh° ;snQ cd;Hka;r ¥àjeå ëfrdaû †khhs' fujr fldÆ wf,ëh m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY

207 l l%shd;aul jQ w;r tuÕska ,enQ wdodhu re'1624062'70 la ëh' ta ms<sn| ëia;r weuqKqà wxl

12 ys ±lafï'

fldÆ wf,ëh jvd;a fyd|ska l%shdjg kexèu i|yd Bg iànkaO ks,Od¯ka †Ñu;a ls¯ula jYfhka

jià uêgfà isg cd;sl uêgu olajd ;Hd. msÑkeâfà jevms<sfj,la o l%shd;aul flreKs' fujr

;Hd. fjkqfjka fjka lrk ,o uqo, re' 46050 ls' m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY uêgâka jeÆu uqo,la

tl;= l< m%dfoaYSh f,alà ldrAhd, ms<sn| ëia;r j.= wxl 43 ys ±lafï'

j.= wxl 43

†ia;%slalh m%dfoaYSh f,alà ldrAhd,h uqo, re'

r;akmqr r;akmqr 54343.75

uvl,mqj ukauqfkhs W;=r 32530.90

r;akmqr bUq,afma 32528.50

fld<U fld<U 31441.75

;%sl=Kdu,h k.r yd lvj;a 28412.75

fufia iudc ixjrAOk wruqo,g tl;=jk wruqo,a Wmfhda.S lr .ksâka †ia;%sla uêgâka bgqlr we;s

jevigyka ms<sn| ëia;rhla weuqKqà wxl 13 ys olajd we;'

1998 jifrA l%shd;aul jevigyka fjkqfjka iudc ixjrAOk mokfà odhl;ajh yereKq fldg

re'â' 3'556 la m%Odk ldrAhd,h uÕska ord we;'

53

äg wu;rj wruqo,a fhoèulska f;drj ck;d iyNd.S;ajh yd iyfhda.h u; °mjHdma;j l%shdjg

kxjk ,o ëfYaI jevigyka my; ±lafï'

f,a mÑ;Hd. ls¯fà jevigyka

rKërejka i|yd ^W;=re$kefÕkysr m%foaYj,g heèug& fmd,a w;= wd° wjYH øjH ,nd°u

fndaò mQcd msxlà

jkaokd pdÑld ixëOdkh ls¯u

<ud yd jeÆyså ksjdi i|yd wdydr yd fjk;a w;HjYH øjH ,nd°u

f;dard .;a †<á mjq,aj, mdi,a <uqka i|yd ks, weáà yd mdie,a WmlrK ,nd°u

Y%uodk ^mdie,a" wdfrda.H Yd,d" mQckSh ia:dk&

weia lKakdÆ fnod°u

ye|qkqàm;a ksl=;a ls¯u ^cx.u fiajd ;=<ska&

ëfYaI{ idhk meje;aèu hk tajd ta w;r fï'

3'9 wf,ë ixjrAOk jevigyk

\iuDoaò iyk\ kâka wdràN lr we;s iuDoaò wf,ë ixjrAOk jevigyk wvq wdodhà,dNSkaf.a

ksIamdok wf,ëlr .ekSu i|yd ëfYaI myiqlà imhk jevigykls' fndfydaëg ksmojk t<jÛ"

m<;=re" lsÑ" meKs" OdkH jrA. we;=,;a yeu fohlau w;rue†hka f;d. fj<áka iy NdKav tl;=

lrkakkaf.a ±Æ .%yKhg fukau taldòldrhg yiqèu ksid ksIamdolhkag ,enqfka b;d wvq â,ls' wvq

wdodhuls' th ¥mam;alu fmdaIKh lrk m%Odk idOlhla neëka iuDoaò wf,ë ixjrAOk jevigyk

uÕska Tjqkag fyd| â,la yd wdodhula ,nd°u wruqKq fldg f.k my; i|yka jevigyka l%shd;aul

lr we;'

3'9'1 iuDoaò iyk i;s fmd,j,a wdràN ls¯u yd kèlrKh

†jhsk mqrd \iuDoaò iyk\ kâka i;sfmd,j,a fà jk ëg 200 la muK ks, fkdjk mÑ† wÛf;ka

wdràNlr fyda kèlrKh lrkq ,en we;' fuu i;sfmd,j,a uÕska ksIamdokj,g by< â,la ,nd°u

fukau mdÑfNda.slhskag idOdrK â,lg fyd| ksIamdok ,nd°u;a wvq wdodhà,dNSka w;Ñka jHdmdÑl

m%cdjla Åysèu;a bka ,efnk jeo.;a m%;sM,hla fï'

i;sfmd,j,a ;=<ska wNHka;r fj<|fmd, ixjrAOkh ls¯u uÕska ,enQ m%;sM, ixCIsma;j .;aëg my;

mÑ† fï'

f.dèkag yd iqÛ ksIamdolhkag ;u ksIamdok i|yd idOdrK$by< â,la ,eÉu

mdÑfNda.slhkag .=K;ajfhka by<" idOdrK â,lg NdKav ,nd.ekSug bv m%ia:d we;sèu'

wvq wdodhà,dNS mjq,aj,g iajhx /lshd wjia:d we;sèu iy jHdmdÑl uêgulg f.k taug

yelsèu

w;rue† f;d. fj<áka" tl;= lrkakka" iqÛ fj<ákaf.a .%yKfhka f.dèka$k sIamdolhska yd

mdrsfNda.slhska uqojd .ekSug yelsèu

54

i;s fmd,j,a uÕska wka;rA †ia;%sla wf,ë jevigykla wrUd t<jÛ" iy,a" fmd,a jeks ksIamdok

i|yd ia:djr fj<| fmd,la ksrAudKh ls¯ug yelsèu

wvq wdodhà,dNSka i|yd Tjqkag ëfYaIs; jQ fj<|fmd,la we;sls¯ug yelsèu

mdÑfNda.sl â< uêgu wvq ls¯u i|yd lsishà n,mEula we;s ls¯ug yelsèu

3'9'2' \iuDoaò iyk\ fj<|ie,a$fj<| uOHia:dk wdràNls¯u

fà hgf;a iajhx /lshd jYfhka fj<| fmd,j,a wdràN ls¯u i|yd wjYH ;dCIKsl Wmfoia yd

mqyqKq ls¯à ,ndfokq ,efæ' iuDoaò n,ldh" nexl= ix.uh" iuDoaò iâ;sh" iuDoaò uyd ix.uh fyda

l=vd fj<| ix.uh jYfhka iuDoaò m%;s,dNSkaf.a wNsjDoaòh i|yd wdràN lrkq ,nk fj<|ie,a$

fj<| uOHia:dk i|yd by; i|yka myiqlàj,g wu;rj rdlal" ljqkagrA jeks uQ,sl myiqlào

iemhSug lghq;= lr we;' fà i|yd wjYH Åà ie,iqu" rdlal" ljqkagrA jeks uQ,sl myiqlào

iemhSug lghq;= lr we;'

3'9'3' iuDoaò iyk cx.u fj<|ie,a wdràN lsÑu

wvq wdodhà,dNS mjq,aj,g cx.u fj<|ie,a wdràN ls¯u i|yd w;ayod ne,Sfà jHdmD;s jYfhka

myiqlà imhd we;' ^Wod (- lvqfj, nexl= ix.uh& Wiia ksudjlska hqla; cx.u ël=Kqà uOHia:dkhla

jYfhka mdëÄî l< yels ;rÕld¯ fj<|fmd,g .e,fmk lr;a; ëfYaIhla fà i|yd yákajd °

we;' b;du;a ckm%sh ia:dkj, k.rj, fuu cx.u fj<|ie,a l%uh l%shd;aul lrkq ,efæ' m%;s,dNS

mjq,aj, ksIamdok wf,ëh fukau ëfYaI iajhx jHdmD;s wjia:do fuuÕska we;s è we;' fuu cx.u

fj<|ie,a ishÛu k.rj, ckm%sh ia:dkj, ëëO jQ b,lal fj<|fmd,j,a i|yd yákajd †ug

lghq;= ie,iqà lr we;'

3'9'4' ëfYaI mqyqKq jevigyka

fj<|ie,a wdràN ls¯u yd fj<|fmd, wjia:djka we;s ls¯u ms<sn| fo†k uQ,sl jevuqÛ ie,iqà

ls¯u ;=<ska my; wruqKq idlaId;a lr.ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fï'

1. wf,ëlrk keUqrejla iys; jHdmD;s yákd.ekSu$ wdràN ls¯u i|yd Wmfoia ,nd°u

2. l=vd mÑudK fj<|fmd,j,a$ wf,ë uOHia:dk wdràN ls¯u i|yd wjYH myiqlà iemhSu

3. l=vd mÑudK fm!oa.,sl$ck;d wd° iud.à wdràN lsÑu

4. wuqøjH$ hkaf;%damlrK$ ;dCIKh ,nd°u ;=<ska ia:djr ëhoà wvqls¯u yd iajhx /lshd jHdmD;s

Yla;su;a lsÑu

5. wdorAY jHdmD;s jYfhka wmkhk fj<|fmd, b,lal l, ksIamdok tall iuDoaò ixëOdk jHqyh

Wmfhda.S lr.ksâka wdràN ls¯u'

55

3'10 fufyhqà yd we.ehqà lghq;=

3'10'1 iuDoaò jevigyk wdY%s; o;a; /ials¯u

l,dm uêgu" m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY uêgu" †ia;%sla uêgu yd cd;sl uêgu olajd iuDoaò

jevigyk hgf;a flfrk ëëO jHdmD;sj, m%.;sh iudf,dapkh lsrSug wjYH o;a; udislj

,nd.ekSu yd ilia ls¯ug lghq;= lr we;' fà hgf;a iuDoaò iykdOdr" wksjdrAh b;sÑ ls¯à" iudc

wdrCIKh" kshdul rCIKh" m%cd jHdmD;s" m%cd ixëOdk yd wfkl=;a jevigyka ms<sn| f;dr;=re

udislj ,nd.ekSug lghq;= fhdod we;' iuDoaò jevigyfkys mÑmd,k yd l<uKdlrk uêgâka fuu

f;dr;=re /ials¯u is¥lrkq ,nk w;r" ta i|yd wod, ixëOdk jHqyh 57 msgqfjys olajd we;'

3'10'2 m%.;s iudf,dapk /iaèà

cd;sl uêgâka iyldr iuDoaò flduidÑiajrekaf.a /iaèà iEu udihlu mj;ajd we;' fuu

jevigyk uÕska b†Ñ jevigyka jvd;a M,odhS wkaoâka l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd ;SrK .ekSu;a"

fuf;la lrk ,o jevigykaj, m%.;sh iudf,dapkh ls¯u;a is¥lrkq ,efæ'

†ia;%sla iyldr iuDoaò flduidÑiajrekaf.a /iaèug wu;r jYfhka †ia;%slalj, m%.;s md,k

lghq;=j,g iànkaO l<uKdlrejkaf.a udisl /iaèula meje;afjk w;r tu.ska iuDoaò jevigyk

ms<sn|j idlÄPd ls¯u;a o;a; ,nd.ekSfà° u;=jk .egÛ yd ksjer† f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSu ms<sn|j

jevigyk ldrAhCIuj mj;ajd .ekSfà Wmdh udrA. idlÄPd ls¯u;a is¥flfrA'

†ia;%sla lsysmhla taldnoaO fldg mj;ajkq ,nk wka;rA †ia;%sla m%.;s iudf,dapk jevuqÛ 08 la mj;ajd

we;s w;r tuÕska †ia;%sla ks,Od¯ka w;r w;a±lSà yd woyia yqjudre lr .ekSug wjia:dj i,id

°ula is¥lrkq ,efæ'

iEu †ia;%slalhlu †ia;%sla f,alà;=udf.a m%Odk;ajfhka iyldr iuDoaò flduidÑia" †ia;%slalfha ishÛu

m%dfoaYsh f,làjreka yd l<uKdlrejka i|yd ff;%udisl m%.;s iudf,dapk jevigykla mj;ajkq

,efæ' fuu jrAIfha° jevigyka 16 la mj;ajd we;s w;r tuÕska †ia;%slalh ;=< mj;sk .egÛ

yákd.ekSug yd m%dfoaYsh f,alà fldêGdY w;r woyia yd w;a±lSà yqjudre lr .ekSug wjia:dj

i,id °ula is¥lrkq ,efæ'

3'10'3 ksrAudK lj (Quality Circles)

iuDoaò jevigyk ldrAhCIuj yd M,odhSj mj;ajdf.k hdfà wruqKska iuDoaò l<uKdlrejkag yd

kshdulhskag ksrAudK lj l%shdj,sh yákajd ° l%shd;aul ls¯ug wjYH Wmfoia yd uÕfmkaèà ,nd °u

wjika lr we;s w;r m%Odk ldrAhd,fha iEu wxYhlu ksrAudK ljhla ne.ska msysgqjd we;'

3'10'4 l,dm ks¯CIK jevigyk

iuDoaò ixjrAOk jevigyk hgf;a lrk ,o ëëO ixjrAOk jevigykaj, .=Kd;aul yd m%udKd;aul

m%.;sh l,dm uêgâka fidhd ne,Su fuu jevigykska wruqKq flfrA'

56

ta wkqj m%Odk jYfhka"

1. iuDoaò nexl= ix.àj,ska .%däh ck;djg bgqè we;s fiajdjka fidhd ne,Su

2. iudoaò ixjrAOk jevigyk uÕska l%shd;aul l< iy l%shd;aul fjâka mj;sk Kh

jevigykaj,ska m%;s,dNS ck;dj ,nd we;s m%.;sh fidhd ne,Su

3. m%cd jHdmD;s jevigyka j,ska .%däh m%foaYj,g w;aè ;sfnk m%;s,dN ;lafiare ls¯u

4. lDIs yd ûjr jevigykaj, m%.;Ska fidhd ne,Su

5. Y%u iQCIu jHdmD;s uÕska .%däh m%foaYj, we;sè we;s m%.;sh ;lafiare ls¯u

6. iuDoaò flduidÑia ckrd,a fomdrA;fàka;=j uÕska is¥lrkq ,nk Y%u iQCIu jeï jevigyfka

m%.;sh fidhd ne,Su

7. iudc wdrCIK jevigyk uÕska ck;djg ,eÉ we;s iykhka we.hSu

8. m%dfoaYSh jYfhka m%Odk ldrAhd,hg .,d tk f;dr;=rej, ksjer†;djh fidhd ne,Su

9. iuDoaò iykdOdr iq¥iqlà u; fnod yer we;a±hs fidhd ne,Su

10. wdodhà W;amdok jHdmD;sj, m%;s,dN we.hSu

hk lreKq bgq flfrA' fà i|yd ëfYaIfhka mqyqKq lr we;s l<uKdlrejka lKavdhà fCIa;%

ks¯CIK pdÑld i|yd fhdojd we;'

3'10'5 iuDoaò l,dm uêgfà m%.;sh we.hSfà jevigyk

m%dfoaYSh f,alà fldêGdY uêgâka l,dm l<uKdlrejka yd uQ,ia:dk l<uKdlrejkaf.a ldrAhh

idOkh wd.hSu fuu jevigykska wfmaCId flfrA' 1998 jrAIfha wdràN l< fuu jevigyk uÕska

tu l,dmj, m%.;sh we.hSug ,lalrk w;r 1998 jrAIfha wjidkfha isg ldrA;=uh jYfhka m%.;sh

we.hSfà jevigykla †ia;%sla uêgâka l%shd;aul ls¯ug lghq;= lr we;' ta wkqj l,dmh ;=,

is¥flfrk ixjrAOk jevigyka iy iuDoaò wOsldÑh u.ska ,ndfok ,o pl%f,aLj,g mÑndysrj

iajdûkj lrk ,o ixjrAOk lghq;= ms<sn|j idlÄPd flfrA' 1998 jrAIh wjika jk ëg †ia;%sla

ish,af,ysu m%.;sh we.hSfà jevigyka l%shd;aul lr we;' fuuÕska m%udKd;aul o;a;j,g wu;rj

.=Kd;aul o;a; ,nd.ekSuo is¥ flfrA'

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miqÅu - Samurdhi