Upload
others
View
1
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
MIPAS Observations of Organic compounds in the Upper Troposphere
J.J. Remedios, D.P. Moore, R.J, Parker and M. PanchalEOS-SRC, Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, U.K.
With acknowledgements to IMK, G. Allen and A. Waterfall
Structure of the Talk
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 2
In this overview:1. History:
• Early motivation• Detection of organic compounds in i/r spectra• Importance of volatile organic compounds
2. MIPAS measurements of organics
3. Hydrocarbons and biomass burning
4. More Reactive Organics:• PAN and acetone• Formic acid and Formaldehyde
5. Future prospects and challenges
Early Motivation
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 3
Arnold, GRL, 2003: Comparison of chemical responses to the injection of a convective plume of fresh acetone into the UT for the recommended acetone quantum yields (RQY, dotted) and the new acetone quantum yields (NQY, dashed). A base run without acetone is shown by the solid curves.
Effect of rates:Old – dottedNew ‐ dashed
Detection of Organics I
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 4
MIPAS-B2 (balloon) Detection method: Remedios et al, ACP, 2007 [MIPAS-E Envisat also, e.g. Fischer et al, 2008]
• ΔY = Measured (MIPAS) –– Simulated (without target gas) –“Observation”
• ΔF = Simulated (with target gas) — Simulated (without) – “Simulation”
PAN Formic acid
Detection of Organics II
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 5
MIPAS-B2 (balloon) Detection method: Remedios et al, ACP, 2007; [MIPAS-E Envisat also, e.g. Fischer et al, 2008]
• ΔY = Measured (MIPAS) –– Simulated (without target gas) –“Observation”
• ΔF = Simulated (with target gas) — Simulated (without) – “Simulation”AcetoneMIPAS‐B2
AcetoneMIPAS‐E
Importance of VOCs
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 6
Volatile Organic compounds:
1. Free tropospheric chemistry:• Influence on ozone production/loss depending on Nox• Influence on OH• Sources of other reactive organics
2. Tracers of atmospheric dynamics• Biomass burning export/disturbance to the upper troposphere• Long-range transport• Monsoon anticyclone
3. Indicators of emission sources and plume chemistry• Emission ratios• Photochemical clocking
MIPAS‐E Organics
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 7
Organic compound retrievals
a) F.T. i/r emission spectrom: 685‐2410 cm‐
1 in 4 bands. 0.025 cm‐1 resn. (unapod.)
b) Limb Sounding: 3 km vertical resn; 3‐1.5 km spacing in the UTLS.
c) Coverage: pole to pole. Profiles every 75 s or approx. 500 km.
d) Operational products:
• Calibrated infra‐red spectra (level 1b)
• p/T, O3, H2O, HNO3, CH4, N2O, NO2
(level 2)
Gas Spectral region (cm‐1)
Ethyne (C2H2) 776
Ethane (C2H6) 822
PAN 790
Acetone 1220
Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)
745
Formaldehyde 1720
Formic acid 1100
Hydrocarbon transport
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 8
ratio
ratio
August 2003: Ratios to CO: source, “photochemical clock”;
R. Parker , PhD thesis
MOPITT CO
C2H6
C2H2
Biomass burning – October 2003
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 9
MOPITT CO
(D)C2H6 (D)C2H2
HCN OLR
PAN
October 2003: C2H2, HCN tracers, PAN activity; HCN – M. Panchal, Leicester; Glatthor poster
Biomass burning: PAN
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 10
October 2003 - D.P. Moore (see poster also)Follows Glatthor et al, ACP, 2007
Biomass burning: Ozone variations
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 11
Ozone variations in biomass burning plumes (Von Clarmann, ACP, 2007)
Blue – Africa plume Red – Tropical American plumeGreen – Australian/Indonesian
October 2003: PAN, fires, wind; 259 mbD. Moore, Leicester; also ACPD submitted
PAN and acetone co‐variations
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 12
August 2003High Northern hemisphere amountsSteeper gradients in acetone compared to PAN
PAN Acetone
Glatthor et al, 2007
Formic acid
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 13
October 2003 (Leicester retrieval – D. Moore)Similar to ACE results for different year (Gonzalez-Abad, ACPD, 2009)Biomass burning signalHigh Northern hemisphere amounts
Formaldehyde
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 14
Steck et al, ACP, 2008Very low signal, 3 nW (cm2 sr cm-1)Zonal mean. Daytime – nighttime difference at 40 km.Tropical enhancement > 60 pptv
Future prospects/challenges
6/9/2009 Dr. J.J. Remedios, ESA Atmos Sci, Barcelona 15
1. Excellent progress – a whole new class of measurements (with ACE)
2. Prospects are excellent for very good complementary measurementsto ACE
3. Emission sources – how well can we characterise these?
4. Plume differences – can we characterise photochemical consequences
5. Should we be making retrievals of some of these new species operational?
6. New measurement systems: • IASI• PREMIER