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James Madison
Inherits embargo problem: Non-intercourse Act replaced with Macon’s Bill No. 2
Caught in international problems between Napoleon and Britain; took French offer
War hawks seek opportunity to fight the British and eliminate Indian threat
Tecumseh and the Prophet
Battle of Tippecanoe- William Henry Harrison
War against Britain declared in June of 1812
What are some major events leading to The War of 1812?
US shipping was being harassed, and cargo was seized.
Britain required licenses for ships bound for Europe
France confiscated cargo from licensed ships
Impressment of American sailors British Navy kidnapped these sailors off American ships and had them rejoin the British Navy
War Hawks
What are some major events leading to The War of 1812?
Economic Diplomacy Fails
Embargo Act of 1807 halted all trade with Europe
Embargo was unpopular in port cities, especially in the North
Jefferson FarewellEnter James Madison
Jefferson did not want to run for a 3rd termMadison was Jefferson’s Secretary of StateMadison was an author of 30 of the 81 the Federalist Papers (including No. 10 and No. 51)Considered the most important contributor to the ConstitutionAlso the shortest President
What was Madison’s role leading up to The War of 1812?
Non-Intercourse ActForbade trade with France and Britain; however President could reopen trade when either France or Britain lifted restrictionsWas this successful? Why or Why not
War Hawks
Why did the War Hawks want war?
What were some of the benefits of going to war with Britain?
To allow reopening of trade
National Pride
To stop the impressment of sailors
CANADA!!!
What were some drawbacks to going to war?
Not everyone in the US wanted to go to warMilitary was small
Standing Army was smallMilitia comprised most of our forces, and they did not like to fight outside of their state bordersNavy was quite small only 22 ships
Britain was a great Superpower and could crush us like a bug and we could lose territory that was gained in the Treaty of Paris or the Louisiana Purchase
Declaration of War
June of 1812 Madison asked Congress for declaration of war
Vote was split along regional lines
War started with Invasion of Canada
Key Battles
US Burns York (now Toronto)US figured the Canadians would welcome the Americans and quickly join the US to expel Britain from North America…this did not happen
Perry Defeated the British on Lake ErieThis gave the US control of Lake Erie
Britain Blockades the Eastern SeaboardThis prevented shipping from leaving, and made the war more unpopular in the Northeast
The Roof is on Fire…In August 1814, British Forces Sailed into Chesapeake Bay and capture Washington D.C.They burn the White House and the CapitolMadison and Congress Barely escape
Oh Say Can You See…Unlike D.C., Baltimore was Ready for the BritishThe City militia inflicted heavy casualties on the BritishAfter bombarding Fort McHenry on September 13, 1814 The British abandon the attackFrancis Scott Key witnessed the bombardment and penned a poem which becomes the National Anthem.
Treaty of GhentTreaty was Negotiated in Europe and was signed on Dec. 24, 1814 ending the war of 1812The War ended in a stalemate, where no party gained or lost any territory. The issue of impressment was not addressed, but faded on its own.
Hartford Convention- 1814; Federalist Grievances
Financial assistance for lost trade
Add amendments affecting the new states, embargoes, war
Abolish 3/5 clause
1 term presidents
**bad timing hurt H.C.
Battle of New OrleansFought after the treaty was signed (but not ratified)Why was New Orleans important?Pirates and Frontiersman fought alongside US troopsMade Andrew Jackson a National hero and household nameEnsured treaty ratification
If The War of 1812 ended in a tie, why was it important?
Gave the United States a National Identity Able to hold our own against the British
Started us thinking about continuing westward expansion
Am. Writers – Washington Irving, J.F. Cooper
Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson, William Henry Harrison and the Western Frontiersmen
Manufacturing prospered
American System- Henry Clay
3 main parts: Strong banking system- providing easy credit
Protective tariff
Money from tariffs used to build roads and canals (esp. in Ohio Valley)
• Madison voted down federal gov’t support to states for internal improvements
• States built anyway Erie Canal in 1825
Era of Good Feelings
End of Federalist Party
Accurate Title ?Growing sectionalism
Tariff issue
Internal improvements (west in favor)
BUS
Sale of Public lands (east opposed)
One party (Republican) rule
Panic of 1819
Monroe’s 2 Major EventsPanic of 1819-
causes-overspeculation of western lands, inflation from War of 1812, deficit in balance of trade with Britain, foreclosures of western farms
results- bankruptcies, bank failures, unemployment; poorer classes wanting more responsive fed. Gov’t, calls for reform and end of debtors prisons
* Missouri Compromise (1820)
Tallmadge Amendment passed in House soon after (no more slaves in Missouri, gradual emancipation of children born to slaves); failed in Senate
Missouri a slave state; Maine a free state, slavery prohibited above 36’30
- the “peculiar institution” will remain an issue
Growing West
Westward mov’t after Am. Rev.
Cheap land
Land exhaustion in tobacco states
Economic problems from embargo
Defeat of the Indians
Transportation Revolution- Cumberland Rd from MD to IL; steamboat; canals
John Marshall’s Court (1801-1835)
Sought to increase Court’s and fed. gov’t power Federalist ideasMarbury v. Madison
Judicial reviewMcCullough v. Maryland
Implied powers
Monroe’s LegacyTreaty of 1818- with Britain, est. northern border from MN to Rockies
Treaty of 1819 with Spain- gaining Florida and Spanish claims to Oregon in exchange for Am. Claims to TX
Monroe Doctrine (1823)- called for noncolonization and nonintervention (intended in part for Russia; 51’)
Russo-American Treaty: moved line to 54’40