MINERALS

CH 5- Miss Kelley

MINERALOccur naturally

Consistent chemical composition

Solid• Orderly structured= crystalline form

Inorganic chemical composition- lacks C & H• (all living things are made up of carbon)• Inorganic compounds are traditionally

viewed as being synthesized by the agency of geological systems

EXAMPLES OF MINERALS

• There are over 4900 known mineral species• over 4,660 of these have been approved by the (IMA).

• Silicate minerals compose over 90% of the Earths crust.

Halite, pyrite, hematite, calcite, gold, silver, quartz, feldspar, mica, gypsum, lepidolite, ruby, diamond, topaz, graphite, corundum, fluorite, apatite, clinoclase, stibnite, stillbite, azurite, malachite, copper, garnet, talc, vanadinite, sulfur, kyanite

Classified as silicates and non silicates

Minerals are mainly oxides & sulfides • strictly inorganic• although they may be of biological origin.

In fact, most of the earth is inorganic

SILICATESSi & O

Classified based on structure• Is due to different ratios of Si & O • Nesosilicates • sorosilicates • cyclosilicates • inosilicates • phyllosilicates • tectosilicates

NON SILICATES

4% of earth’s crust

Don’t contain Si & O• Carbonates• Halides• Native elements• Oxides• Sulfates• sulfides

CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE

Atoms are arranged is a repeating geometric pattern

Silicon-oxygen tetrahedral- basic unit of a structured crystalline solid

• (pyramid like)• Arranged about

The center Si

OTHER ARRANGEMENTS

6 other kinds

Isolated tetrahedral

Ring silicates

Single chain silicates

Double chain silicates

Sheet silicates

Framework silicates

ISOLATED TETRAHEDRAL

Doesn’t link with other Si or O

Uses basic silicon-oxygen of the tetrahedron bonds to another atom of a different element

RING SILICATES

O bonds with other O atoms creating a circle of tetrahedrons

SINGLE CHAIN SILICATES

Each tetrahedron is bonded with two others tetradedras

This bond forms between 2 O atoms

DOUBLE CHAIN

Two single chains combine

2 bonds with O atoms

SHEET SILICATES

Each tetrahedron shares 3 Oxygen atoms from another tetrahedron

3 bonds between oxygen atoms

FRAME WORK

Each tetrahedron is bonded with 4 tetrahedrons

4 bonds between oxygen atoms

NON MINERALS

Same structure

Without Si