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MINERAL GROUPS
CHAP 5 SECTION 4
MINERAL GROUPS
SILICATES – MAKE UP OVER 90 % OF ALL 4000 MINERALS
CARBONATES SULFIDES OXIDES SULFATES HALIDES NATIVE MINERALS
SILICATES
SILICA TETRAHEDRON
SILICATES
QUARTZ – SiO2 2ND MOST ABUNDANT MINERAL, HARDEST COMMON MINERAL (7)
FELDSPARS – MOST COMMON MINERAL FAMILY – 3 THINGS IN COMMON - HARDNESS 6, CLEAVAGE IN TWO PLANES AND PEARLY LUSTER
ORTHOCLASE – POTASSIUM / PINK PLAGIOCLASE – SODIUM / CALCIUM VARIES IN
COLOR
QUARTZ
ORTHOCLASE
PLAGIOCLASE
SILICATES
MICAS – EXCELLENT CLEAVAGE IN ONE PLANE
BIOTITE – DARK COLORED MUSCOVITE – LIGHT COLORED
TALC – SOFTEST MINERAL (1), SOAPY TEXTURE
TALC
BIOTITE
MUSCOVITE
FERROMAGNESIAN SILICATES
CONTAIN IRON AND MAGNESIUM AND ARE ALWAYS DARK IN COLOR
PYROXENE FAMILY – AUGITE AMPHIBOLE FAMILY – HORNEBLEND
OLIVINE AND KAOLINITE
FERROMAGNESIAN SILICATES
AUGITE HORNEBLENDE
OTHER SILICATES
OLIVINE KAOLINITE
CARBONATES
CALCITE – CaCO3 MOST COMMON CARBONATE, REACTS TO ACID TEST
ICELANDIC SPAR – DOUBLE REFRACTION
DOLOMITE
MALACHITE AND AZURITE – COPPER CARBONATES
CARBONATES
CALCITE DOLOMITE
AZURITEMALACHITE
OXIDES AND SULFIDES
HEMATITE – FE2O3 MAJOR IRON ORE
MAGNATITE – FE3O4 MAGNETIC OR A MAGNET
PYRITE – FeS2 MOST COMMON SULFUR MINERAL “FOOLS GOLD”
GALENA – LEAD SULFIDE
OXIDES AND SULFIDES
HEMATITE MAGNETITE
PYRITE GALENA