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1ekbaM eSi
Mind
map
: lea
rning m
ade
simpl
e
;wjk
si es
ajk
"Vªo
knd
k fue
kZ.k
teZu
hesa
jk"Vª
fuek
Z.kizf
Ø;k
usizf
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jkT;
dh
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rd
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dks
n'kkZr
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b;k¡ c
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s fy,
vd
lj
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kZMy
cuk
A
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A
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sch
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ls^^
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Mind
map
: lea
rning m
ade
simpl
e
baMks&
pkb
uk e
sajk
"Vªo
knh
vkan
ksyu
1974
esaisf
jlesa
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kafrle>
kSrs
ijgL
rk{k
jfd
,x,
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y-,
Q-
1975
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A
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s uo
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hch
ekjh Q
Sy x
bZA
1902
esp
wgksad
ksid
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dh
eqfge
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1920
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3403100
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1950
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ds
1967
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mÙkjh
20,0
00
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ksA
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ust
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sd
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3ekbaM eSi
Mind
map
: lea
rning m
ade
simpl
e
Hkkj
res
a jk"
Vªokn
Qjo
jhesa
egkRe
kxk
a/kh
usv
lg;
ksx1922
vkan
ksyu
okil
ysus
dk
QSly
ky
sfy
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dh
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ljd
kjus
lj
tkWu
lkbeu
ds u
sr`Ro
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vk;
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dj
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8
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ued
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yd
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leqn
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u esa
lfØ
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utc
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1931
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vkan
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okil
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Ugs c
M+h f
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kk gqb
ZA
nfy
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pkj
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13
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Mind
map
: lea
rning m
ade
simpl
e1950
1970
ls
ds c
hpfo
'oO;
kikj
dh
fod
kl n
j lky
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okn&
fook
n&laok
nd
hu;
hlaLÏ
frd
ks tUe
fn;k
Ad
s n'k
d r
d j
kt'k
kgh
1780
vkSj
mld
huSf
rdrk
dk
etkd
mM+ku
soky
slkfg
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k <sj
yx
pqd
k FkkA
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kum|
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qLrd
kasd
kmR
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iw.kZ
gksx
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baXy
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fdjk;s
ijnsu
soky
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vkSj fu
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ks f'k
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fd;k
x;k
A
vksloky lh-ch-,l-bZ- v/;k; Rofjr leh{kk] lkekftd foKku] d{kk&X8
Mind
map
: lea
rning m
ade
simpl
e
miU;
kl]
lek
tv
kSj b
frgk
l
fganqL
rkfu
;ksau
smiU
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dk
bLrse
kylek
teas
tks
mud
hut
jeas
cqjkb;k
¡Fkh]
mud
hv
kyksp
ukd
jusv
kSjmu
ds
bykt
lq>ku
s ds fy
, fd
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miU;
klksa
dh
enn
lsH
kwrd
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fj'r
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dk;
e fd
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;kA
panw
esuu
dh b
anqys[k
k ds :
i esa
ftl i
k= d
k l`t
ufd
;k]
mlv
iwoZlaqnj
hesa
vn~H
kqrck
Sf¼d
vkSj
dy
kRed
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kk,¡F
kh]v
kSjog
laLÏ
rv
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esa i<
+h FkhA
lfp
=fd
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lsv
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ftUg
asd
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elke
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ukv
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ijjp
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u d
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dkm
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s lalkjks e
sa thr
k FkkA
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z; gk
s x;k
A
fganh
miU;
klij
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xq#uk
edmi
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dksJ
h(1
882)
fuok
lnk
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dk
ikBd
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sodhuan
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=hd
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s lkFk f
ganh
miU;
kl e
sa mRÏ
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felky
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r d
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jh fy
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khA b
ld
s ckn
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sÏr
eqDre
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kA(1
861)
dk.
Mqd
qjhfo
js'kfy
axeus
(18
48
-19
19
)
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sYMfL
eFkd
sfod
kjv
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k rsy
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A
pkY
lZ fM
dsUl
us m
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l fi
fDod
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=dkesa
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esa Niu
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egR
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fMd
sUl d
s miU
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kMZ V
kbEl
esa of
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dksd
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mnk
l(1
854)
dkY
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vkS|
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gStgk
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dh
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mxy
rhfp
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k¡ gS] i
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s L;k
g iM
+h ufn
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S vkSj l
ekt l
c ,d
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SaA
miU;
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key
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kdkb
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dh
vy
x&v
yx
cksfy
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sfud
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cukd
j mi
U;kl
,d
jk"V
ª ds fo
fo/k l
eqnk;
ksa dh l
k>k
nqfu;
k jprk
gSA
blfo
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dh
fdrk
cksae
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y-L
VhosaU
lu
dh
Vªstj
vkby
SaMv
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ify
axd
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cqd(1
883)
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j gqb
ZA fd
'kksfj
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s fy,
fy[k
h izse
(1894)
dgk
fu;k
¡bl
htek
usesa
[kkl
rkSj
ij]
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jdk
esay
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z; gqb
±A
miU;
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hck
rrk
s;g
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def
gyk,
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lst
qM+hA
'kkj
ykWV
czka.V
dh
esaizd
kf'kr
tsuv
k;j
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esa ;qo
rh t
su d
ks vkt
kn [
;ky
o n
`<+ O;
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o ok
yk f
n[kk;
kx;
k gSA
jksd
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vaxzst
hes
lqYr
kuk
dk
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lh
fy[k
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bZv
kSjban
qys[k
ktSlsm
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lmP
ptkfr
ds m
iU;k
ld
kjksa }
kjk]
ewy:
i ls o
Sls g
hpfj=k
asdks
ysd
jfy
[ksx
,FksA
c'khj
dh
miU;
kfld
k,¡v
kSjd
gkfu
;k¡v
keck
sypky
dh H
kk"kk
esa fy
[kh x
bZ FkhaA
caxky
esa d
bZ lkjs m
iU;k
l e
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sa o j
ktiwr
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sdj
fy[k
s x,A
xksnk
uizse
pUn
dh l
cls e
'kgwj
Ïfr
gSA
(1936)
9ekbaM eSi
Mind
map
: lea
rning m
ade
simpl
e
lal
k/ku
,ao fo
dkllafpr
HkaMkj
lek
I;rk
ds
rVjs[
kkls
fdeh
-d
h200
nwjh l
s ijs
[kqy
s egk
lkx
jh;
lalk/ku
ksaij
fdlhns'
kd
kv
f/kd
kj u
gha g
SA
[kfu
t i
nkFkZ] ty
lalk/ku
ou]
oU;t
ho_
Hkwfe
vkfn
jk"V
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gSA
xkao
dh '
kkfey
kr H
kwfe&(
pkj.k H
kwfe]
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kkuHkwfe
]rk
ykc
vkfn
)ux
jh;
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saesa
lke
kftd
ikd
Z]fi
dfu
dLF
ky v
kSj [
ksy d
s eSnk
u v
kfnA
Hkw[k
aM]
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ykc
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dq,¡
futh L
okfe
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s dqN m
nkgj
.k g
SaA
mnkg
j.kµ
lkSj
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iou
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ty
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o oU
; tho
u uo
hdj.
k ;ksX;
lalk/ku
gS A
mnkg
j.kµ
[kfu
tv
kSjt
hok'
eb±/
kuv
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;ksX;
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astho
uO;
kIrgS
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frtkr
] izkf.
ktkr
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; tho
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us gS
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kv
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esabl
le;
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13
gsDVsv
j Hkwfe
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hÏr
gSA28%
Hkwfe
fuEu
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oukas
dsv
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ty
vij
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s"k{k
s=56%
yo.
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kkjh;
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ty
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s izd
kj] t
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k izkS|
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kZes,
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cks,
x,{k
s= d
ks 'kq¼
(fu
oy)
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es tksr
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y Ï
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ks= d
gykr
k gSA
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A cat
j rF
kk Ï
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A
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22.7
87
mnkg
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ioZr
iBkj
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ku(2
7%
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3%
)
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u mi
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SA
(v)
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dj
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(c)
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dh d
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k"Vªh;
(l)
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eUo;
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r d
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mnkg
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lek
td
sdqN
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ds g
kFk e
sa vk x
, gSaA
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od i
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dh
lad
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kSjHkwfe
fuEu
hdj.
k vkfn
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osin
kFkZ
tks
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dh
vko
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s ckg
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ud
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gk g
SA
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jkt
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vkSj x
qtjkr
eas io
uv
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tkZ l
alk/ku
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tk l
drk
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vk/k
kjij
vksloky lh-ch-,l-bZ- v/;k; Rofjr leh{kk] lkekftd foKku] d{kk&X10
Mind
map
: lea
rning m
ade
simpl
e
ty
lal
k/ku
iqjkr
RooSK
kfud
vkSj
,sfrg
kfld
vfH
kys[k
crkr
sgSa
fdge
usizk
phu
dky
lsf
lap
kbZd
sfy
,iR
Fkjksav
kSjey
cslsc
ka/k]
ty
k'k;
vFkok
>hy
ksdsr
Vca/k
vkSj
ugjks t
Slh m
RÏ"V
ty
h; Ï
fr;k
¡ cuk
bZ gSA
vkt
dy
cka/k
flQ
Zflap
kbZd
sfy
,ug
hcu
k,tkr
svfi
rqmu
dk
mís';
fo/kqr
mRik
nu]
?kjsy
w]v
kSjv
kS|ksfx
dmi
;ksx]
ty
vki
wfrZ]ck
<+fu
;a=.k
euksjat
uv
karfjd
ukSp
kyu
vkSj e
Ny
h iky
u Hkh g
SA
vf/kd
r;k
ty
dh
deh
bld
sv
fr'k
ks"k.k
vR;
f/kd
iz;ksx
vkSj
lek
td
sfof
HkUu
oxks±esa
ty
ds
vlek
u fo
rj.k d
s dkj.k g
ksrh g
SA
fo'o
esaty
dsd
qyv
k;ru
dk
izfr'
kr97.5
Hkkx
egkl
kxjksae
sik;
ktkr
kgS
vkSj
dsoy
2.5
izfr'
krv
yo.
kh;ty
gSAfo
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vy
o.kh;
ty
dk
yxH
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s FkksM
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ty
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ds :
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dks
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ty
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ty
laxzg
.k d
s fy,
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ke r
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d d
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ls v
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ty
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rd y
s tk;
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Mind
map
: lea
rning m
ade
simpl
e
Ïf"
k
Lora=
rkd
si'p
kr~l
aLFkkx
rlq/kkj
dju
sd
s fy,
tksr
ksa dh p
dcan
h] lgd
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teh
ankjh
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lek
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;kx;
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kck
<+p
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r]v
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kkch
ekjh
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y,
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che
kjh d
s izko
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lku
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de
njij
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ud
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lgd
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h LFkki
uk d
h xbZA
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ds N
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ksvkSj
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hen
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Mind
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Mind
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yksd
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Mind
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ade
simpl
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yksd
ra= d
h
pquk
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vy
x&v
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Mind
map
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rning m
ade
simpl
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fod
kl
chloh
alnh
dsm
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gqrlso
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d;g
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l j
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ko';
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dh i
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