MIMAPMicro Impacts of Macroeconomic Adjustment Policies

PHILIPPINES http://www.panasia.org.sg/mimapph

ProjectUpdates

Vol. VIII No. 4 December 2001

What’s Insidep. 4 MIMAP-Philippines:

PMO moves to DLSU

p. 4 CBMS Training inPuerto Princesa

p. 5 CBMS—Palawan Update

p. 6 Peace and Order Situationin the Philippines

Update on the welfare statusof CIDSS areas in Palawan1

1 Based from a report on Welfare Indicators in CIDSS Areas in Palawan prepared by the Micro Impacts of MacroeconomicAdjustment Policies (MIMAP) Project-Philippines Project Management Office, August 2001.

2 See related articles in MIMAP Project Updates 1999-2001 various issues.3 See earlier reports detailing the use of CBMS at the provincial and local levels in Palawan.

T he demand for informationat the grassroots level isbrought about by the zeal forgreater transparency in

governance. The Provincial Governmentof Palawan took on the latter challengewith the institutionalization of acommunity-based monitoring system(CBMS) in 1999.2 The databasegenerated from the CBMS surveyconducted for the year 2000 in theprovince was reported to have beenuseful for local planning, and program-impact monitoring. Not only has thedatabase been helpful for planningofficials at various levels of governmentin the province but for managers andresearchers of non-governmentorganizations as well.

This article is among the series ofreports to be conducted by MIMAP-Philippines to assess the welfareconditions among communities in theProvince of Palawan using data from theCBMS.3 The succeeding discussionhighlights the development profile ofareas covered by the ComprehensiveIntegrated Delivery of Social Services(CIDSS) Program in the Province ofPalawan for the year 2000. The profile

was prepared based on selected indicatorsof welfare gathered from the CBMSsurvey in the province.

The CIDSS Program is one of the tenflagship programs under the SocialReform and Poverty Alleviation Act(RA8425) which has been implementedin the Philippines since 1994. Theprogram, implemented by the Departmentof Social Welfare and Development(DSWD), aims for people empowermentby developing the capabilities of the poorto undertake productive activities, gainaccess and manage the delivery of basicservices in response to their minimumbasic needs. Direct beneficiaries of theprogram are an estimated 200-250families belonging to barangays under the5th and 6th class municipalities with urbanpoor communities as top priority, anddisadvantaged communities in 3rd and 4th

class municipalities as top priority.The CIDSS Program is currently being

supported by DSWD in 30 barangays in12 municipalities in the province ofPalawan. Implementation of the CIDSSProgram in the province was pilot-testedby DSWD in selected barangays in themunicipalities of Bataraza and Españolain 1997. From thereon, the program

expanded to the municipalities of Agutaya,Araceli, Busuanga, Cagayancillo, Cuyo,Dumaran, Linapacan, Magsaysay, Culion,and San Vicente in 1999. Table 1 showsthe details of coverage of CIDSS Programfunded by DSWD in Palawan as of date.

Based from an interview with focalpersons from DSWD, the availability ofinformation on the welfare conditions inthe CIDSS project sites is one of thecrucial factors in the evaluation of projectproposals from these communities. Inparticular, projects are partly assessedbased on the identified unmet needs fromthe Minimum Basic Need (MBN) survey.Other factors for assessment include thecommunity’s development plan, andavailability of counter-part funding fromthe Local Government Unit (LGU).

The conduct of this report is done uponthe request of DSWD Assistant Secretary

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MIMAP PROJECT UPDATES 2 DECEMBER 2001

R E S E A R C H R E S U L T S

Celia Yangco during the presentation ofthe CBMS results in Palawan in July2001.

General findings on municipalitiescovered by CIDSS

Table 2 shows the welfare indicatorsgathered from the CBMS survey 2000in the municipalities where the CIDSSProgram has been implemented.

On Health and Nutrition

Malnutrition is marked at 5.2% amongchildren 0-6 years of age in CIDSSbarangays. In particular, malnutrition ismost prevalent in the CIDSS areas ofAgutaya (18.4%) and Busuanga (12.2%).The lowest incidence of malnutrition isfound in the barangays of Cuyo (0.5%)and Cagayancillo (1.4%).

Only 43.2% of the households inCIDSS barangays have access to safewater. Safe water is least accessible in thebarangays of Agutaya (4%) and Bataraza(16.7%). Among the CIDSS areas,accessibility of safe water is highestamong households in the barangays inSofronio Española (86.3%) and Busuanga(66.8%)).

Sanitary toilet facilities are accessibleto 65.6 % of the total households inCIDSS barangays. Lowest access ismarked in the CIDSS barangays ofAgutaya (36%), and Bataraza (45.4%)while highest access is noted in Cuyo(99.7%), and Cagayancillo (85.5%).

Income and Livelihood

Almost 83 % of the households inCIDSS barangays have at least oneemployed member. Employment ishighest among households in Agutaya(100%) and Araceli (100%).

Underemployment rate among workersis high at 60.2%. Among themunicipalities with the highestunderemployment are Sofronio Española(97.6%), Araceli (97.2%) and Dumaran(96%). Compared to other CIDSS areas,underemployment is lowest inCagayancillo (18.8%), Agutaya (41.5%),and Bataraza (41.9%).

Only 20.6% of households in CIDSSareas have incomes above the povertythreshold. The lowest proportions ofhouseholds with income above the povertythreshold are found in the CIDSSbarangays in Cagayancillo (0.8%),Busuanga (6.4%), Araceli (8.4%), andMagsaysay (7.8%). Condition is relativelybetter-off in the CIDSS barangays in

Update on the welfare status…From Page 1

1993 Income ClassificationMunicipalities/Barangays

1. Sofronio Española ll ll Pulot Interior Punang Iraray2. Bataraza ll ll Bulalacao Bono Bono Tarusan3. Agutaya ll ll Villa Fria Villa Sol Abagat4. Araceli ll ll Sto. Niño San Jose de Oro Mauringen5. Busuanga ll ll San Rafael New Busuanga Bogtong6.Cagayancillo ll ll Magsaysay Sta. Cruz Talaga7. Cuyo ll ll San Carlos Marignian Catadman8. Dumaran ll ll Sta. Maria Danleg9. Linapacan ll ll Maroyogyog San Nicolas10. Magsaysay ll ll Balaguen Igaban11. Culion ll ll Luac Osmeña12. San Vicente ll ll Carurong Poribaran

Source: CIDSS National Secretariat

Province of Palawan, Philippines

Coverage of Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery ofTable 1.

Social Services (CIDSS) Program

MIMAP PROJECT UPDATES 3 DECEMBER 2001

R E S E A R C H R E S U L T SCuyo, Bataraza, and San Vicente wherethe proportion of households with incomegreater than poverty threshold is peggedat 31.6% (for Cuyo and Bataraza) and27.5 %, respectively.

Education

Literacy rate among the population inCIDSS barangays is marked at 83.8%.Among the CIDSS areas with the highestliteracy are those in Cuyo (99.8%),Magsaysay (98.5%), and Agutaya (98.5%).Lowest literacy rate is found in SofronioEspañola (60.3%) and Busuanga (77%).

In CIDSS barangays, 77.9 % ofelementary school-aged children areattending school. The lowest schoolparticipation rate is found in the CIDSSbarangays of Sofronio Española (53.5%)and Bataraza (62.6%). School

participation is highest in Magsaysay(99%) and Cuyo (97.2%).

Almost 67 % of children, 13-16 yearsold of age, in CIDSS areas are attendingsecondary school. The lowest schoolparticipation rate is marked in the CIDSSbarangays of Sofronio Española (44.5%)and Bataraza (41.5%). Schoolparticipation is highest in the CIDSSbarangays of Cuyo (90.7%) and Magsaysay(87.6%).

Recommendations for Future Research

The profile of the CIDSS areaspresented above meant to serve as a startingpoint for further evaluation of the welfareconditions of these communities. Inaddition, the abovementioned data couldalso facilitate future evaluation of theimpact of CIDSS and other social safety

nets and government or non-governmentinterventions on the development status ofrespective project sites. One must note thatit would be difficult to judge the generaleffectiveness of a given program per sesolely on how the beneficiary communitiesranked in terms of a set of developmentindicators in a given year. Thus, it wouldhave been interesting to look at availablebaseline information in the aforementionedCIDSS communities to figure out howthese communities have improvedovertime. One limitation in doing the latter,however, is the difference in surveymethodology of existing data sources. Forinstance, available data on minimum basicneeds (MBN) gathered earlier pertains toindicators per family while the coreindicators of CBMS pertains to householdinformation. In this regard, it may bedifficult to have a time series analysis sincethe information from the two sources maynot be comparable.

The aforementioned discussion pointsout to the need to sustain a regular sourceof baseline information that would aidmonitoring of development status in theabsence or presence of governmentinterventions over a longer period of time.The CBMS database, in the case ofPalawan, may fill in needed informationfor the identification of unmet needs andaid in the design of correspondinginterventions4 among its communities.The data may also be used to provideinputs for decisions for targetting ofprogram beneficiaries, and resourceallocation in the short-run. If maintainedovertime, the CBMS database may alsofacilitate impact-monitoring of specificprograms and policies of the localgovernment units, national governmentagencies as well as non-governmentorganizations. (BEM)

4 Evaluation of projects, for instance, under the CIDSSprogram in the Province of Palawan require among otherconsiderations information on the top unmet needs in thecommunity. Other requirements in the approval of projectsare the profiles and development plans of the respectivecommunities. A primary data source for the saidrequirements is the Minimum Basic Needs (MBN) survey.

Table 2. CBMS Indicators among Municipalities Covered by CIDSSPalawan, Philippines

MIMAP

*Note: Excludes data from CIDSS areas in Linapacan and Cuyo where CBMS was not implemented in the year 2000.Source of Data: CBMS Survey 2000, Palawan.

AREA OF CONCERN INDICATORS VARIABLES CIDSS(Rate in %)

A. Survival

Health 1. Proportion of Households without infant death 93.42. Proportion of Households without 97.2

deaths of children (1-6 yrs. old)

Nutrition 3. Prevalence of malnutrition among 5.2children 0-6 years old

Water & 4. Proportion of Households with 43.2 Sanitation access to safe water

5. Proportion of Households with 65.6 sanitary toilet facilities

B. Security

Shelter 6. Proportion of Households not in makeshift house 96.6

Peace & Order 7. Proportion of Households without members 99.8 who were victims of crimes

8. Proportion of Households without members 99.8 who were victims of armed encounters

C. Enabling

Income & 9. Proportion of Households with income 20.6 Livelihood greater than the poverty threshold

10. Proportion of Households with 82.9 at least 1 employed member

11. Underemployment Rate 60.2

Basic 12. Elementary school participation rate 77.9 Education 13. Secondary school participation rate 66.5 and Literacy 14. Literacy rate 83.8

MIMAP PROJECT UPDATES 4 DECEMBER 2001

T he Micro Impacts of Macro-economic Adjustment Poli-cies (MIMAP) Project-Philippines, led by Dr. Celia

M. Reyes, recently commenced its newproject phase under the administration ofthe De La Salle University (DLSU) throughthe Angelo King Institute (AKI) forEconomic and Business Studies. The DLSUAKI for Economic and Business Studies,headed by Dr. Ponciano S. Intal, Jr., is aprivate organization that aims to contributetowards poverty alleviation throughresearch excellence, policy relevance, andcommunity and national service.

The International DevelopmentResearch Centre (IDRC)-Canada

MIMAP-Philippines:MIMAP-Philippines:PMO moves to DLSUPMO moves to DLSU

CBMS Trainingin Puerto Princesa

approved the research grant for theseventh phase of the MIMAP Project-Philippines in November. The workprogram which runs from November 16,2001-November 15, 2002 includes theconduct of new studies on the state of thePhilippine households, and onmovements in and out of poverty in thecountry. In addition, the MIMAP-PMOwill continue to provide technical supportto selected national and local governmentunits in the development andinstitutionalization of a local povertymonitoring system to complement thenational poverty monitoring system. Inthe recent years, MIMAP has been closelyworking with the Provincial Government

of Palawan in its province-wideimplementation of a community-basedmonitoring system (CBMS).

MIMAP, an international researchproject funded by the InternationalDevelopment Research Centre-Canada,seeks to provide a good information basefor policy-making in the country.Foremost in its work program over theyears is the development and use ofmacro-econometric models for policyimpact assessment, poverty monitoring,and the development of a community-based monitoring system. The Projecthas likewise developed and maintaineda website and electronic database forpublic access. (BEM)

T he Micro Impacts of Macroeconomic AdjustmentP o l i c i e s ( M I M A P )Project-Philippines upon

the invi ta t ion of the municipalgovernment of Puerto Princesa Cityconducted a 4-day training oncommunity-based monitoring system(CBMS) last November 5-8, 2001 inPuerto Princesa City. Included in thetraining were presentation on theoverview of the CBMS, orientationon the questionnaire to be utilized

and discussion on theprocessing of thecollected information.

The training was organized upon therequest of the municipal government ofPuerto Princesa City for MIMAP’sassistance on the conduct of CBMSsurvey. The CBMS survey, which willbe implemented initially in 11barangays, will be used to gatherinformation on the welfare conditions ofthe city constituents, specifically thoseat the barangay level. The information

gathered will then serve as majorinputs in the planning and project-prioritizing process of the citygovernment.

Dr. Celia M. Reyes, ProjectDirector of MIMAP-PhilippinesProject Management Office (PMO),facilitated the training. Lendingassistance were other MIMAP staff,

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MIMAP

Dr. Reyes explains to workshop participants the potential use of theinformation to be generated from CBMS.

N E W S U P D A T E

MIMAP PROJECT UPDATES 5 DECEMBER 2001

T he MIMAP-PhilippinesProject Management Office(PMO) participated in theannual planning summit of

the Provincial Government of Palawanheld last September 25-26, 2001. Inparticular, MIMAP was invited to presentthe highlights of the results of thecommunity-based monitoring system(CBMS) survey conducted in the provincefor the year 2000.

Representing the MIMAP-PMO wasMs. Bernadette Mandap, who providedan overview of the CBMS survey resultsto the participants of the summitcomprised of the chief executives of theprovince, members of the provincialboard, municipal mayors and planningofficials. Data generated from the CBMSsurvey was considered as one of the bases

CBMS-Palawan Update

Ms. Anne Bernadette Mandap, Mr.Kenneth Ilarde, Mr. Rex AureliusRobielos, Ms. Jaz Asirot and Ms. LaniValencia.

The actual CBMS survey startedoperations last November 11, 2001 andits success paved the way for the citygovernment to pass a resolution for theimplementation of CBMS in all barangaysof Puerto Princesa City. (LEV)

MIMAP Conducts…From Page 4

for the preparation of the developmentplan and budget appropriation in theprovince.

Meanwhile, the Provincial Planningand Development Office (PPDO) wasinvited by the National Statistical andCoordination Board (NSCB) to presentthe highlights of the results of the CBMSsurvey during the Poverty and Welfaresession of the 8th National Convention inStatistics held last October 2, 2001 at theWestin Philippine Plaza, Manila. Ms.Josephine Escaño, Chief of the Researchand Evaluation Division of PPDOPalawan shared the highlights of theCBMS utilization in the province. Forinstance, data from the CBMS survey was

utilized for the preparation of the firsthuman development report of Palawan.

Invited as discussant for the Palawanpresentation was Assistant Secretary CeliaYangco of the Department of SocialWelfare and Development (DSWD).Yangco congratulated the Province forbeing among the selected few who have acomprehensive provincial profile. ThePalawan Human Development Report,she noted, is indeed not only a modestattempt to capture the current situationof families in Palawan, but also a part oftrail blaizing effort in encouraging localgovernments to develop their own database as a foundation for effective, efficientand quality governance. (BEM) MIMAPWorkshop participants comprised of barangay

leaders and volunteers were provided hands-onexercises on administering the CBMSquestionnaire.

Ms. Josie Escaño of PPDO (2nd from right) shares to researchers and program implementors the CBMSexperience of the province of Palawan.

Gov. Joel Reyes of Palawan opens the Provincial Planning Summit wherein the CBMS data served as oneof the bases for assessing the socioeconomic condition in the province.

MIMAP

N E W S U P D A T E

MIMAP PROJECT UPDATES 6 DECEMBER 2001

O ne of the majorprerequisites for thePhilippines to achieveeconomic growth is to

solve the continuing threats ofinstability in the peace and ordersituation. In order to attract investorsand tourists to the Philippines, thegovernment must boost the campaignof making significant improvements inpublic safety. However, the conflict inMindanao, which has become a war ofthe central government, has adverselyaffected the economic growth not onlyof the region but of the country as well.Likewise, the link of Abu Sayyaf to theAl Qaeda group of Osama Bin Laden,who is the main suspect in the World

Peace and Order SituationPeace and Order Situationin the Philippinesin the Philippines

Table 1

Crime Type by Region 2000 to 2001

Non-index crime Index crime

2000 2001 % Change 2000 2001 % Change

Philippines 42854 38874 -9.3 37254 38041 2.1

National Capital Region 9303 6902 -25.8 7900 7904 0.1

Cordillera Administrative Region 352 472 34.1 797 960 20.5

Region I-Ilocos 1626 1662 2.2 1824 1635 -10.4

Region II-Cagayan 1186 1232 3.9 1308 1375 5.1

Region III-Central Luzon 5270 5182 -1.7 2509 2294 -8.6

Region IV-Southern Tagalog 8747 8427 -3.7 4678 4576 -2.2

Region V-Bicol 1326 1688 27.3 2333 2082 -10.8

Region VI-Western Visayas 1829 1642 -10.2 2877 2299 -20.1

Region VII-Central Visayas 4390 4738 7.9 2673 5150 92.7

Region VIII-Eastern Visayas 1793 1173 -34.6 1646 1654 0.5

Region IX-Western Mindanao 1851 1452 -21.6 2373 2173 -8.4

Region X-Northern Mindanao 2271 1538 -32.3 1781 1494 -16.1

Region XI-Southern Mindanao 1249 1320 5.7 1423 1332 -6.4

Region XII-Central Mindanao 1008 956 -5.2 2135 1963 -8.1

Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao 212 140 -34.0 383 396 3.4

CARAGA 441 350 -20.6 614 754 22.8

Source : Philippine National Police (PNP)

Figure 1Average Crime Rates

Philippines, 1990-2001

115.2 109.7 98.8

228.0

Source : Philippine National Police (PNP)

250.0

200.0

150.0

100.0

50.0

0.0

1990 1995 2000 2001

I N D I C A T O R S

MIMAP PROJECT UPDATES 7 DECEMBER 2001

Figure 2. Average crime rates by region, 2001

Source : Philippine National Police (PNP)

Trade Center bombing in New York, haspressured the Philippines to intensify itsfight against terrorism.

Even though the war in Mindanaocontinues, there is a bright prospect interms of the crime situation in thecountry. It should be noted that crimedata are those crimes reported only tothe Philippine National Police (PNP).Deaths due to armed conflict andkidnappings by the Abu Sayyaf are notanymore included in the crime statisticssince this is already under the internalsecurity operations of the Armed Forcesof the Philippines (AFP). In thePhilippines, there are two types ofcrime: the index and non-index crimes.Index crimes are crimes which aresufficiently significant and occur withsufficient regularity to be meaningful.Included in this category are crimessuch as murder, homicide, physicalinjury, robbery, theft and rape. On theother hand, non-index crimes are alltypes of crimes not considered as indexcrimes.

Latest data from the PhilippineNational Police (PNP) show that theaverage crime rate in the Philippineshas been declining in the last 11 years.The average crime rate refers to thenumber of incidents for every 100,000

Table 2Number of Victims of Armed Conflict

Selected Regions

2001 2000 1999

ARMM 68 395 0

Region 5 0 0 7

Region 9 82 64 0

Region 10 4 0 4

Region 11 3 228 6

Region 12 18 292 43

Total 175 979 60

Source: Disaster Response, Operations,Monitoring and Information Center (DROMIC),DSWD

Figure 2, followed by the NationalCapital Region (NCR) with 140.3.Region 9 ranks third with an averagecrime rate of 112.3. On the other hand,the Autonomous Region for MuslimMindanao (ARMM) recorded the lowestaverage crime rate of 24.1 in 2001,followed by Region 11 and theCARAGA which both posted anaverage crime rate of 49.3.

In terms of the types of crime, thenon-index crime in the Philippinesdeclined from 42,854 in 2000 to 38,874in 2001, or roughly a decrease of 9.3percentage points (Table 1). Tenregions recorded a drop in the non-index crime with Region 8 registeringthe biggest drop of 34.6 percent. Thiswas followed by the ARMM and thenby Region 10 which declined by 34.0percent and 32.3 percent, respectively.On the other hand, six regions

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population. From 228.0 in 1990,average crime rate has declined to 98.8in 2001 (Figure 1). Across regions,Region 7 has the highest average crimerate of 175.0 in 2001 as illustrated in

Murder15%

Homicide11%

Physical Injury29%

Rape7%

Robbery16%

Theft22%

Source: Philippine National Police (PNP)

Figure 3.Types of Index Crimes, 2001 Philippines

I N D I C A T O R S

MIMAP PROJECT UPDATES 8 DECEMBER 2001

Editorial Staff

MIMAP PROJECT UPDATESMIMAP-PMO,Rm. I-1016, 10th Flr. Angelo King International CenterEstrada cor. Arellano St., Malate, Manila 0922, Philippines

NO STAMPS NEEDED.Entered as Third Class

Mail at the Makati CentralPost Office under

Permit Number 899-96

MIMAP Project Updates-Philippines is the quarterlynewsletter of the MIMAP Project.This work was carried out with theaid of a grant from theInternational DevelopmentResearch Centre, Ottawa,Canada.

The Updates may now bedownloaded in Adobe Acrobatformat for free from the Project’swebsite. The site can be accessedthrough http://www.panasia.org.sg/mimapph

For inquiries,please write or call:

MIMAP-PMO,Rm. I-1016, 10th Flr.

Angelo KingInternational Center

Estrada cor. Arellano St.,Malate, Manila 0922, Philippines

E-mail:mimap@csb.dlsu.edu.ph

Celia M. ReyesEditor-in-Chief

Jasminda P. AsirotKenneth C. Ilarde

Bernadette E. MandapRex C. Robielos

and Lani E. ValenciaReasearchers/Writers

Peace and Order…From Page 7

registered an increase in the non-indexcrime. The top two regions, whichshowed a remarkable percentageincrease, were the CordilleraAdministrative Region (CAR) andRegion 5 which rose by 34.1 percent and27.3 percent, respectively.

While there was decline in the non-index crime in the Philippines, theindex crimes went up by 2.1 percentagepoints in 2001. Seven regions recordedan increase in the index crimes, withRegion 7 capturing the highestpercentage increase of 92.7 percent. Onthe other hand, nine regions reported adecline in the index crimes with Region6 experiencing the biggest percentagedrop of 20.1 percent.

Among the types of index crimes in2001, physical injury (29%) and theft(22%) ranked as the top criminalactivity in the Philippines as shown inFigure 3. This was followed by robbery(16%), murder (15%), homicide (11%)and rape (7%).

On the other hand, the DisasterResponse Operations Monitoring andInformation Center (DROMIC) of theDSWD consolidates the number ofvictims of armed conflict in selectedregions in the country. Table 2 showsthat there was a tremendous increasein the victims of armed conflict from60 in 1999 to 979 in 2000, the yearwhen former President Estradadeclared war in Mindanao. The

ARMM has the highest number ofvictims of armed conflict with 395persons followed by Region 12 with292 persons. Under the leadership ofPresident Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, thevictims of armed conflict declined to175 persons with Region 9 having thehighest number of 82 victims.

In general, the peace and ordersituation in the country was far betterin 2001 compared to the previous year.As can be seen in the latest figure, therehas been a boost by the government inthe campaign of making significantimprovements in public safety. Thegovernment has also prioritized effortsto resolve the conflict in Mindanao andsimultaneously intensified the fightagainst terrorism. This effort could beseen as the take-off point of thegovernment to eventually face the socio-economic challenges that lie ahead.(RCR) MIMAP