MilkIT2nd Advisory Council Meeting

Almora 18/12/2012

Activity ReviewIndia

Thanammal Ravichandran, Nils Teufel

Topics

• Site selection• Data collected

– Village census– Value chain assessment– Household census– Development documentation

• Innovation platforms

Site Selection

• Districts – 2 (IFAD)• Blocks – 1 in each block (IFAD, dairy, partners)• Max clusters – partner long-list (40 vill / block)• Mini clusters – 2-4 villages close together• Mid clusters – 2-3 mini-clusters, field worker, IP• IPs: 2 mid-clusters -> 2 feed IPs -> 1 DVC IP

Selection of mid-cluster

• Village census data used for comparison• Criteria

– Road accessibility (dist_road and town dist)– Dairy animal population– Institutional base (SHG or Federation activity-milk marketing)– Feed availability (cultivated land, grassland, cropping pattern)

• 1 feed innovation platform for each selected mid-cluster• 1 marketing innovation platform in each block for

2 selected mid-clusters (feed innovation platforms)

Sult mid cluster

Bageshwar mid-cluster

Village census

• For characterisation of villages for selection • 30 villages in Sult and 12 villages in Bikyasain• 39 villages in Bageshwar• Information on

– Dairy animals– Land details/feed sources– Accessibility to market– Marketing channels– Institutional base

• Limitations– Asking to one or two key person– Use of existing data by partners

Village census - results

Comparison of mid-clusters-Sult

Barkinda Gahnaheet Nailwalpali Titoli Kunidhar0

50

100

150

200

250

Dairy animal population-Sult mid-cluster

Midcluster Dist_Pavedroad [km] Num_SHGs

Barkinda 1 6

Gahnaheet 1 9

Nailwalpali 1 6

Titoli 2 9

Kunidhar 2.5 6

Barkinda Gahnaheet Nailwalpali Titoli Kunidhar0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Households sell milk-Sult mid cluster

Table: Road accessibility and institutions- Sult mid-clusters

Chhona Chouganchina Garikhet Chani Saing Khabra Pagna0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Households sell milk-Bageshwar mid cluster

Midcluster Dist_Pavedroad[km] Num_SHGs

Chhona 0.1 14Chouganchina 0.2 16Garikhet 0.2 9Chani 0.3 5Saing 0.5 13Khabra 1.5 8Pagna 3.6 8

Table 28: Road accessibility and Institutions - Bageshwar mid-clusters

Midcluster Neighbours[#]

Localshop[#]

townshop/hh[#]

Anchal[#]

SHG/Fed[#]

Chhona 94 15 0 0 7Chouganchina 71 21 0 0 0Garikhet 69 17 0 0 0Chani 32 19 0 0 0Saing 0 0 0 41 74Khabra 33 0 0 0 0Pagna 10 0 5 0 0

Table 27: Households sell milk by type of buyer - Bageshwar mid-clusters

Chhona Chouganchina Garikhet Chani Saing Khabra Pagna0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Dairy animal population-Bageshwar mid-cluster

Considerations - Sult

• Select on near-road and one far-away mid-cluster• Barkinda

– Better road connectivity (<1km)– Favourable to connect formal milk marketing ie Anchal– More dairy animals and more cultivated land

• Titoli– Far-away road (2 km)– More dairy animals, more cultivated land– Farmers selling milk near congregation point

Considerations-Bageshwar

• Pagna excluded (>3.5km distance to road)• Saing included

– Formal milk marketing (Anchal and federation level)

– More dairy animals, more cultivated land– Strong institutional set-up (SHG)

• Chhona included– Good base for marketing platform– KVK is in between this two clusters

Household census

• All selected cluster villages including the settlements

• To characterise/classify the cluster• Information

– Dairy animals– Production details– Milk selling pattern– Transaction feed and animals

Hh census - results

Hh census – milk yield & sale

S.No Block Mean milk yield/hh (ltr)

1 Sult 1.92

2 Bageshwar 1.42

S.No Block Avg milk sale/hh (ltr)

1 Sult 0.17

2 Bageshwar 0.37

S.No

Cluster Mean milk yield/hh

(ltr)

Mean milk sale/hh

(ltr)

Total milk yield/day

Total; milk sale/day

1 Saing-B1 1.41 0.47 533 179

2 Chhona-B2 1.43 0.15 557 58

3 Barkinda-S1 1.75 0.16 388 36

4 Saknana-S2 2.04 0.17 630 54

Hh census – own fodder

S.No. Block Cluster Trees in own land/hh

Private grass land [nalli]

1 Bageshwar Saing-B1 4 0.48

2 Chhona-B2 6 4.23

3 Sult Barkinda-S1 14 0

4 Saknana-S2 11 1.1

Hh census – fodder purchase

S.No. Block Cluster Avg grass purchase (Quintol)/hh

1 Bageshwar Saing-B1 0.84

2 Chhona-B2 7.43

3 Sult Barkinda-S1 0.56

4 Saknana-S2 2.35

Invasive grass species in Chhona cluster vs grass purchase?

Actor mapping -Development history

• Interviews with variety of actors for collecting information on development history

• Change of officials over years so they are not aware of previous activities

• Have to ask other actors for history of other activities

Actors-Sult

• Dairy development board (DDB)-Anchal and Mahila dairy Vikas Prayojna

• Block development office (BDO)• Agricultural information centre

(agriculture department• Animal husbandry department (veterinary clinic)• Forestry department• INHERE• BAIF-(active in neighbouring block)

Actors-Bageshwar

• DDB – ULDB?• IFAD - Ajeevika• Animal husbandry department• CHIRAG• BAIF• Krishi Vikas Kendra (KVK) - VPKAS• BDO

Value chain assessment

• Formal– Aanchal– Federation level milk co-operative– Women’s dairy?

• Informal– Neighbours– Tea shops in village or near market– Milk traders

VCA Tools

• VC rapid assessment tools– ILRI is developing for wide use– We are currently testing and adapting– Mix of qualitative and quantitative data– Village, trader, processer, retailer etc.– Full day

Participatory VCA-NetMap - Regina Birner

• Visualisation of links/relationships• Entry point for VCA• Third dimension: importance of actors and

their influencing factors• Easy to visualize the power factors• Tried in Gahnaheet village – participants

enjoyed the exercise• Lots of farmer participation

Net map example

IP meetings - basics

• First dairy value chain meetings last week– 21/11/2012 Sult - Bhikyasain– 24/11/2012 Baheshwar – Dewaldar

• Participants– Village representatives (ca. half female)– Admin representatives (BDO, vet)– IFAD/Ajeeveka– Buyer representatives (Aanchal, shopkeeper)

IP meetings - agenda

• Introductions• Reports from constraint analysis in villages• Constraint analysis by other stakeholders• Group discussion on solutions/actions• Plenary on solutions/actions• Definition of activities

DVC IP – Sult – Participants

DVC IP – Sult – Group discussions

IP meetings – agreed activities

• Generate lists of farmers within villages interested in selling to Aanchal

• Discuss payment issues with Aanchal• Aanchal is willing to support exposure visits• Next meetings in 1-2 month

IP meetings - lessons

• More emphasis to make the meetings attractive for buyers (Aanchal, shop-keepers)

• Need to develop ownership of IP (who?)• Include service providers (e.g. BAIF)• Include/inform local councils• Assess admin involvement

IP – contrast to Tanzania

• Existing regional dairy development platforms• Tanga – running; Morogoro – collapsed• Initiated by DFID project• Regional-level institutions• Constitution - members

IP experience – INHEREGC Pant

• Discussion:– Involvement of institutions– How to link the sellers with buyers-livelihood improvements?– All actors shared the experience –constraints discussion and possible solutions– AHD-Feed is big constraint, availability of quality feed is limited, rate of feed, over the years feed

quality decreased– Connectivity of village to market is another constraint, how to connect discussed– Water scarcity-was another problem in village-quality of water-health problem– Health problem-accessibility to village is limited-remote areas-– Commercial milk selling or income through milk selling not felt by farmers-access to market

limited– BDO- how can other schemes can help for dairy development – Aanchal-how to connect farmers, how Aanchal gives input support

• Action:– How to connect with formal institutions-Aanchal-marketing start-– Follow up meeting in villages– List of farmers willing to sell milk- will forward request letter to MD, Aanchal for starting the co-

operative society- will send in a week

IP experience – CHIRAGKuldeep

• 3 actors participated- Ajeevika, KVK, AHD and buyer (private)• Constraints discussed-farmers felt a good platform to share issues-and can take

some solutions• AHD-explained what are schemes available for dairy development-feed, MNREGA

etc• Chhona cluster: invasive species-KVK promised short research on this• Farmers discussed about the issues in selling milk- payments, quality issue: fat

measurement is not done only lactometer measurement• Milk given is not reaching same to Bageshwar in same quality so less price• Farmers get disturbed with price difference from collection point to chilling centre

or outlet• Decided with all villages- milk samples will be tested• Grass improvement has been planned• Chirag and BAIF will promote AI and ayurvedic treatment…• Will try for dairy-connect with local shops

IP experience - discussion• How can be IP be successful with only small quantities of milk? Can we also focus on other options or milk

products?• Organisation of members is important:

– Aanchal will collect milk only from societies– Village-level organisation is crucial– Documentation of follow-up is important

• Farmer clubs can be made – in combination with NABARD initiative• Inhere-also having climate change innovation programme? Sharing experience and connecting with relevant

institutions (e.g. VPKAS) is important.• Stakeholders involvement is crucial in IP• It is important for the development of IPs that the support through formal institutions (e.g. Aanchal) benefits the

group and not individuals. Many support schemes exist (e.g. credit for buying animals) but struggle with this issue.

• Aanchal get even little quantity of milk, but private buyers depends on the demand• Aanchal can help raising supply through supporting transportation (head-load, animal load)• All the institutions (e.g. Aanchal, Ajeevika) should work together for dairy development • Chairperson (Ravi Shankar, CDO)

– Camps can be done in clusters– Cattle shed model can be made– Selling milk-to be promoted- support mechanisms subsidy, by all institutions-facilitate milk sales– IP-involve SHGs-Aanchal; restrictions can be discussed