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CROSSSECTIONOF TEATCUP

TEATCHAMBER...

RUBBERLINER

EXPANSIONPHASEOF PULSATORCYCLE~4

MASSAGE HASEOF PULSATORCYCLE";;'~ /i:.;',c;,:" ",i""

" '

if'

I

AIRAT

FIG. 19.2 Diagramsof the teat cup at variousphasesof milking. During expansion hase left) the rubber liner isheld by vacuum n close associationwith the metal teat cup shell, and milk flow rate is maximal. During themassage hase (right) atmosphericair enters al!d collapses he rubber liner around the teat, and milk flow isminimal. There is constantvacuum n the teat chamber of the teat cup. (Reprinted with permission rom TheDeLavalHandbookof Milking, 1963;courtesyof The DeLavalSeparatorCo.)

usually have ess complementarymilk, aremore persistent, and thus have a higheryield for a total lactation.tice good milking habits, most cows willrespond favorably. Recommended prac-tices for machine milking are outlined inTable 19.1.To achieve maximum milk yields dairy-men should learn the individual habits of19.4 Principles and Practices of

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310 Dairy Cattle: Principles. Practices,Problems, Profits

removes dirt, but also initiates the milk-ejection reflex. The sanitizing solutionshould be changed periodically becausewashing cows with contaminated disinfect-ant solutions can spread mastitis. Effective-ness of disinfectants decreasesas organicmatter con~nt increases.Automatic wash-ing deviceswhich spray water on the udderare gai~~ng in poE~larity, especially inlarger daIry farms (FIgure 19.3).Teats should be dried with a disposablepaper towel (Figure 19.4) and 1 or 2streams of milk carefully drawn from eachteat into a strip cup (Figure 19.5). Careshould be taken to prevent formation of anaerosol. Formation of aerosols may trans-mit organisms from teat to teat. The firstmilk drawn is always higher in leukocytesand bacteria and should be discarded.Also, this practice of removing 1 or 2streams of milk is a quick screening est forabnormal milk (Section 19.8). Milk con-taining flakes, strings, blood, or other signsof abnormality probably indicates mastitisand should be discarded. Forestrippingsshould not be squirted onto the floor instanchion barns, becauseorganismscan betransmitted to other quarters or even othercows. However, this practice is acceptablein milking parlors with grates in the floor

TABLE19.1 RecommendedPractices orMachine Milking Cows.1. Establish a regular routine and standard milkinginterval.2. Maintain and operate the milking machine inaccordancewith manufacturer's directions.3. Wash the udder and teats. Dry teats.4. Remove 1 or 2 streams of milk into strip cup orpaddle for cow-side mastitis test.5. Apply milking machine within 1 minute after startof wash.6. Removemilking machine promptly when milk flowstops. Break vacuum first.7. Apply teat dip to teats.8. Record milk weights (Chapter 3).

becoming more difficult to achieve. In factit is probably more economical in largecommercial dairies to milk a uniform groupof cows as rapidly as possible and to sellthose cows that require too much individ-ual attention.Preparation of the Cow

The teats and lower portion of the uddershould be washed with a warm sanitizingsolution. A disposable paper towel shouldbe used for each cow. Washing not only

i;;, ;:;;'T-:::,~::- --IG. 19.3 Automatic udder washing device. (Cou"rtesy of L J. Bush; reproduced with permission from October

1976 ssue of Hoard's Dairyman. Copyright 1976 by W. D. Hoard & Sons Company,Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin~.'t~~\

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The Milking Program 311

FIG. 19.4 After washing, dry teats arid udder withindividual paper towel. (CourtesyofL. J. Bush; repro-duced with permission from Octob~r 1976 issue ofHoard's Dairyman. Copyright 1976 by W. D. Hoard &Sons Co~pany. Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin 5353,8),.since infected milk can be washed awayconveniently without contacting othercows. To achieve maximal release of oxyto-cin, washing, drying, and removingforemilk (stimulation time) requires 30seconds. Cows stimulated for only 15 sec-onds or less require more time to milk.The milking machine unit should be ap-plied within 60 seconds after the start ofthe udder wash since effective levels ofoxytoc'ln emain in the blood for only 6 to 8minutes. As shown in Table 19.2; as inter-val between washing and application of themilking machine increases, time requiredto milk the cows increases.

FIG. 19.5 Use of strip cup before milking provides awarning of abnonnal milk. (Reprinted with pennis-sion from Modem Mastitis Management, 1970; cour-tesy of The Upjohn Company)

TABLE19.2 How Milking Time Was Affectedby Time Lapse between Preparation andAttachment of Milker UnitAverage ime NumberPreparationag time milkers on cows of arms

30 secondso 1 minute 4 min. 51 sec. 171 to 3 minutes 5 min. 31 sec. 243 to 6 minutes 6 min. 46 sec. 106 or more minutes 6 min. 12sec. 5Physiological Factors AffectingMilking Rate

Teat cupsshouldbe carefully positionedon the teats. Speed with which a cow ismilked is of economic importance in the Source: Fryman and Albright, Univ. of Illinois Circ.851. 1962.