MIDDLE EAST TERMS TO KNOWJudaism Jewish JewChristianity Christian ChristianIslam Islamic Muslim

Palestine = old name for what is now Israel & West Bank & Gaza Strip

Palestinians =Arabs now living in the West Bank & Gaza Strip (former Palestine)

Israelis = Jews living in Israel

Ethnicity = relating to a human group having racial, religious, linguistic, and other traits in common

Culture = beliefs, social norms, and traits of a racial, religious, or social group; the features of everyday existence shared by people in a place or time

SUMMARY: The Middle East through Time

1000 BC Jews make Palestine/Israel their homeland

132 AD Jews kicked out of Palestine/Israel by Romans

300 AD Ottoman Turks (Arabic Muslims) move into Palestine/Israel

1100 AD “Crusades” =Christians enter Palestine/Israel

1939-45 AD WWII = Jews persecuted all over Europe; Jews travel to Palestine/Israel

SUMMARY: The Middle East through Time

1947 AD The UN divides Palestine/Israel into two states-Arab & Jew

1948 AD Jews make their part of Palestine into “Israel” = 1st Arab/Israeli War between Arab Palestinians & Jewish Israelis Results:

• ISRAEL GAINS TERRITORY• ARAB PALESTINIANS ARE REFUGEES• MORE JEWS COME TO ISRAEL

1964 AD Egypt’s Nasser creates PLO & fighting begins(Palestinian Liberation Organization)

SUMMARY: The Middle East through Time

1967 AD Six Day War = 2nd Arab/Israeli WarResults:

• ARABS DISCOURAGED• ISRAEL’S SIZE TRIPLES• ISRAEL NOW CONTROLS WEST BANK ARABS

1973 AD Yom Kippur War = 3rd Arab/Israeli WarResults:

• ISRAELIS REMINDED NOT INVINCIBLE • ARABS FEEL STRONGER• PLO SEEKS VIOLENCE• SADAT SEEKS DIPLOMACY= US INVOLVEMENT=EGYPT REGAINS SINAI PENINSULA & BECOMES 1ST ARAB COUNTRY TO RECOGNIZE ISRAEL

Israel and Palestine: The Roots of Conflict (23 min)http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=e542c263-898d-4408-b4f2-e53be7469e5f

WHY ?

Reason #1

I. Limited WaterMajor Rivers

○ Tigris River and Euphrates Rivertogether form

“Mesopotamia” – meaning land between rivers

Because of annual flooding this area has rich farm land which is why it is also know as the “Fertile Crescent.” - This is believed to be

the location of the first great civilization – The Babylonians

Mesopotam

ia

Jordan

Nile

Limited Water Continue

Jordan River

Water supply for western part of the region and important for religious reasons to Judaism and Christianity.

Desalination – Process of converting salty sea water into drinkable fresh water

Reason #2II. OIL• Persian Gulf

region produces more oil than any other location on earth.– The Soviet Union

tried to capture oil fields in 1945.

– The U.S. have been protecting oil interest for many years.

OIL - continues

O.P.E.C – Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Group of oil producing countries that agree on the prices they will sale their oil.

Why is that a problem?

Oil - continueThe United States can not join O.P.E.C.

○ Why?

Sherman Antitrust Act

REASON #3 RELIGION

GODReligion that worships only

ONE God is called?

Monotheism

Abraham

Jacob – name was changed to ISRAEL

12 sons (TRIBES) of ISRAEL

Moses – wrote the Torah

Through King David a savior (Messiah)

JUDAISM 3000 B.C.

Isaac - Second born from wife Sarah

Bible

CHRISTIANITY 33 A.D.

Ishmael – First born from wife Ahaggar

ARAB NATIONS

Prophet Muhammad

ISLAM 610 A.D

JESUS

Koran (Qur’an)

NO PEACE IN THE MIDDLE EAST; REASON #4Land Disputes: Jerusalem

• Jews most holy city - Solomon's temple.• Christian’s holy city - Christ was killed outside its walls• Islam’s third most holy city- Muhammad was taken there

by Angel Gabriel

ISRAEL: Land Disputes About 1000 B.C. Hebrew/Jewish people

established homeland.

(Diaspora = removal of Jews from this land) 587 B.C. First Diaspora

(removed by Babylon) return in 538 B.C. 132 A.D. Second Diaspora

(removed by Romans) 300 A.D. Palestinians/Ottomans move in

after Rome falls. 600 A.D. Islam is introduced 1099-1187 A.D. Christian conquest

(Crusades) 1948 A.D. Israel reestablished after

Holocaust and Jews return to land. 1967 A.D. 6 Day War = Israel gains land

ABC News Fundamentalism and Terrorism Part 3: Israel, A Case Study (20 min)

http://montage.allenisd.org/SAFARI/montage/play.php?keyindex=57534&location=local&filetypeid=2

Jerusalem - History of the Holy Land (50 min)

http://montage.allenisd.org/SAFARI/montage/play.php?keyindex=25195&location=local&filetypeid=3

DESCRIBE the following:

1.Yasser Arafat

2.Abdel Nasser

3.Anwar Sadat

4.PLO

5.Yitzhak Rabin

6.Palestinians

7.Israelis

8.Muhammad

9.Abraham

10.Jesus

11.Sadam Hussein