Microsoft PowerPoint - Mechanical Hazards Jan07

1CAB 2012 - HSE CAB 2012 CAB 2012 -- HSE HSE

Mechanical Hazards and Machine SafeguardingMechanical Hazards and Machine Safeguarding

2! Describe the basic mechanical hazards involving machinery including point ofoperation and power transmissiondevices.

! Introduce control measures througheffective machine guarding principlesand methods.

!! Describe the basic mechanical hazards Describe the basic mechanical hazards involving machinery including point ofinvolving machinery including point ofoperation and power transmissionoperation and power transmissiondevices.devices.

!! Introduce control measures throughIntroduce control measures througheffective machine guarding principleseffective machine guarding principlesand methods.and methods.

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

3DOSH Department of Safety and Health - MOHR

NIOSHNational Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

DOSH DOSH Department of Safety and Health Department of Safety and Health -- MOHRMOHR

NIOSHNIOSHNational Institute of Occupational Safety National Institute of Occupational Safety and Healthand Health

Mechanical Hazards and Machine SafeguardingMechanical Hazards and Machine Safeguarding

4! Any machine part, function, or process which may cause injury must be safeguarded.

! Where the operation of a machine or contact with it can injure the operator or others in the vicinity, the hazards must be either eliminated or controlled.

! Any machine part, function, or process which may cause injury must be safeguarded.

! Where the operation of a machine or contact with it can injure the operator or others in the vicinity, the hazards must be either eliminated or controlled.

Rules from Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA)Rules from Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA)

5ACTIONSACTIONS

CuttingCutting PuncturingPuncturing ShapingShaping

ShearingShearing CrushingCrushing FormingForming

BendingBending StrainingStraining BoringBoring

Where Mechanical Hazards Occur ?

6Mechanical Hazards - Actions

CuttingCutting

Body parts in contact with sharp Body parts in contact with sharp edgesedges

Occurs at the point of cutting Occurs at the point of cutting operationoperation

Flying chip / scrap materials Flying chip / scrap materials


Cutting ProcessCutting Process

DrillingDrilling

Circular SawCircular Saw

TurningTurning MillingMilling


ShearingShearing

Applying power to Applying power to a slide or knife in a slide or knife in order to trim or order to trim or shear metal or shear metal or other materialsother materials

Occurs at the Occurs at the point of shearing point of shearing operationoperation

Shearing ProcessShearing Process


PuncturingPuncturing

Power is applied to Power is applied to a slide (ram) for the a slide (ram) for the purpose of blanking, purpose of blanking, drawing, or stamping drawing, or stamping metal or other metal or other materials materials

Occurs at the point Occurs at the point of operationof operation

Puncturing ProcessPuncturing Process

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Mechanical Hazards - Actions

BendingBending

Power is applied to Power is applied to a slide in order to a slide in order to draw or stamp metal draw or stamp metal or other materialsor other materials

Occurs at the point Occurs at the point of operationof operation

Bending ProcessBending ProcessBending ProcessBending Process

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MOTIONSMOTIONS

Moving PartsMoving Parts

A. Rotating (nip points) A. Rotating (nip points) C. C. TransversingTransversing

B. ReciprocatingB. Reciprocating

ComponentsComponents ::

Pulleys, Gears, Chains, Pulleys, Gears, Chains, Shafts, Sprocket, Belts, etc Shafts, Sprocket, Belts, etc


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Mechanical Hazards - Motions

A. RotatingA. Rotating

Rotating motion can be dangerous; even Rotating motion can be dangerous; even smooth , slowly rotating shafts can grip smooth , slowly rotating shafts can grip clothing and force an arm or hand into a clothing and force an arm or hand into a dangerous positiondangerous position

Rotating nip points are created Rotating nip points are created between rotating and tangentially moving between rotating and tangentially moving part or fixed partpart or fixed part

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B. ReciprocatingB. Reciprocating

backback--andand--forth or upforth or up--andand--down down movement can trap a worker between movement can trap a worker between a moving and stationary part. a moving and stationary part.

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C. C. TransversingTransversing

Moving part can create a hazard Moving part can create a hazard because a worker may be struck or because a worker may be struck or caught in a pinch or shear point by the caught in a pinch or shear point by the moving partmoving part

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TransversingTransversing

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OTHERSOTHERS

Flying ChipsFlying Chips SparksSparks


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Mechanical Hazards

How to reduce

mechanical hazards?

MACHINE SAFEGUARDING

How to reduce How to reduce

mechanical hazards?mechanical hazards?

MACHINE SAFEGUARDINGMACHINE SAFEGUARDING

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Machine Safeguarding - Purpose

!! To minimize the risk of accidents due To minimize the risk of accidents due to to direct contactdirect contact between human between human (operator) and machine(operator) and machine

Direct contactDirect contact can be :can be :

!! Operator direct contact with machine Operator direct contact with machine because of fatigue, distraction, careless etc. because of fatigue, distraction, careless etc.

!! From machines such as flying chip and From machines such as flying chip and hot metal splasheshot metal splashes

!! Direct results of machine malfunctionDirect results of machine malfunction

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!! Safeguards are essential for protecting Safeguards are essential for protecting workers from needless and preventable workers from needless and preventable injuries.injuries.

!! Any machine part, function, or process which many cause injury must be safeguarded.

!! Immediate corrective actions, including stopping the machine, must be taken when a potential mechanical hazard is observed

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Machine Safeguarding

WHAT MAKES A GUARD EFFECTIVE ?WHAT MAKES A GUARD EFFECTIVE ?

!! Must prevent human contact with any Must prevent human contact with any potentially harmful machine part potentially harmful machine part

!! Must not present a hazard in itself or Must not present a hazard in itself or create interferencecreate interference

!! Must not allow objects to fall into moving Must not allow objects to fall into moving partsparts

!! Allows safe maintenance and lubrication.Allows safe maintenance and lubrication.

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There are many ways to safeguard There are many ways to safeguard machines depending on :machines depending on :

!! Type of operation Type of operation

!! Size or shape of machineSize or shape of machine

!! Physical layout of the work areaPhysical layout of the work area

!! Type of materialType of material

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!! GUARDS (prevent) GUARDS (prevent) -- are always are always preferred and more practical to be used for preferred and more practical to be used for power transmission (motion).power transmission (motion).

!! DEVICES (control) DEVICES (control) -- are sometimes a are sometimes a more practical option when safeguarding more practical option when safeguarding point of operation.point of operation.

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GUARDGUARD DEVICEDEVICE

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1. 1. Point of Operation GuardsPoint of Operation Guards ::

!! Fixed Guards Fixed Guards -- permanent part of the permanent part of the machine. Made of sheet metal, bar, machine. Made of sheet metal, bar, palsticspalstics or other substantial material.or other substantial material.

!! Interlocked guards Interlocked guards when opened or when opened or removed, the tripping mechanism or removed, the tripping mechanism or power automatically shut off.power automatically shut off.

!! Adjustable guards Adjustable guards allow flexibility in allow flexibility in accommodating various size of machine accommodating various size of machine or type of production.or type of production.

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Point of Operation GuardsPoint of Operation Guards ::

Fixed GuardsFixed Guards Interlocked guardsInterlocked guards

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2. 2. Point of Operation DevicesPoint of Operation Devices ::

!! May stop the machine if part of human May stop the machine if part of human body body accidentlyaccidently placed in danger area.placed in danger area.

!! Most presence sensing devices are :Most presence sensing devices are :

Photoelectrical (optical) Radio-frequency Electromechanical Pullback system Restraint Safety trip control

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Point of Operation DevicesPoint of Operation Devices ::

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3. 3. Feeding and Ejection SystemFeeding and Ejection System ::

!! Reduce the Reduce the need of the operator to place his or her hands in the danger area.

!! Automatic Feeding/Ejection System Automatic Feeding/Ejection System Operator involvement is not necessary Operator involvement is not necessary after the machine is set upafter the machine is set up

!! Semi Automatic Feeding/Ejection System Semi Automatic Feeding/Ejection System Manually feed without reaching danger Manually feed without reaching danger zones. zones.

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Feeding and Ejection SystemFeeding and Ejection System ::

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4. 4. Robot Robot ::

! Machine that load and unload stock, assemble parts, transfer object etc.

! Reduce hazards associated with robot such as :

entrapment of worker impact with a moving arm impact of objects ejected or

dropped by robot

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5. 5. Lockput/TagoutLockput/Tagout System System ::

! To protect against the unexpected activation of a machine that is supposed to be turned off

! Lockout system - a padlock is used to prevent a machine from being turned on until the lock is removed.

! Tagout system similar to lockout system, but use tag instead of lock

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Lockout/TagLockout/Tag--out Systemout System

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TRAININGTRAINING

!! Safeguarding system cannot offer Safeguarding system cannot offer effective protection against mechanical effective protection against mechanical hazards unless the worker knows how to hazards unless the worker knows how to use it and why.use it and why.

!! Safety training is necessary for operators Safety training is necessary for operators and maintenance or setand maintenance or set--up personnel up personnel when any new or altered safeguards are when any new or altered safeguards are put in service. put in service.

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TRAININGTRAINING

!! A description and identification of the A description and identification of the hazards associated with machines.hazards associated with machines.

!! How the workers protect themselves?How the workers protect themselves?

!! How to use the safeguards and why?How to use the safeguards and why?

!! In what circumstances safeguards can be In what circumstances safeguards can be removed?removed?

!! What to do if safeguard is damaged, who What to do if safeguard is damaged, who should be contacted?should be contacted?

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PROTECTIVE CLOTHING/PERSONAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING/PERSONAL EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT

!! Must appropriate for the particular Must appropriate for the particular hazardshazards

!! Maintained in good conditionMaintained in good condition

!! Properly stored when not in use to Properly stored when not in use to prevent damage or lossprevent damage or loss

!! Kept clean and fully functional.Kept clean and fully functional.

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Mechanical Hazards/Machine Safeguarding

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

! Use tagout procedures before service, maintenance, or repair jobs on machines or equipment.

! Follow standard operating procedures (SOP) : implement safe work steps to check, set up machines, start, and finish job or task.

! Inspection and maintenance : inspect the machinery, guards, and your entire work area, regularly and often.

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! Emergency preparation and regular drills : to be prepared and able to respond effectively to minimize loss.

! Human factor planning : To allow operator regular relief and change from repetitive tasks on production lines, to avoid fatigue, strains, sprains, and other injuries or accidents through regular breaks and task variety.

! Training : Conduct training on workplace inspection, housekeeping and emergency action and response.

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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Documents

Microsoft PowerPoint - Mechanical Hazards Jan07