Mrs. Graham WBHS

Let’s get grammatical! (harharharhar)

There are 2 basic ways to use colons: There are 2 basic ways to use colons:

- to introduce something

- to show time, chapter, verse, or

salutation

INTRODUCE

� Use a colon to introduce lists,

especially after statements that

use such words as these, namely,

the following, or as follows

� Use a colon to introduce a long or a formal quotation. A formal quotation is often preceded by such words as this, these, the following , or as follows� Mrs. Hope asked us to write an essay

on the following African saying: “It is the following, or as follows

� Friday’s test will cover these areas:the circulatory, the digestive, and

the nervous system.SEPERATE

� Use colons to separate/show

� Hour and minute (9:30)

� Chapter and verse in a biblical

reference (Genesis 7:20)

� After a salutation in business

writing (Dear Mrs. Heishman:)

� Use a colon to introduce material

that illustrates, explains, or

restates the preceding material

� I often wish my parents had more

than one child: they worry too

much about me.

on the following African saying: “It is the rainy season that gives wealth.”

SEPARATE MAIN (IND) CLAUSES� Use a semicolon to separate main

clauses that are not joined by a coma and a conjunction� Before:Jimmie was a talented singer and

actor, and he was also a good football player.After: Jimmie was a talented singer and

SEPARATE ITEMS IN A SERIES

Use a semicolon to separate items in a series when one or more already contain commasSome of the powerful African kingdoms that flourished before the 16th century were Kush, which is near Sudan; Karanga, which

� After: Jimmie was a talented singer and actor; he was also a good football player.

Kush, which is near Sudan; Karanga, which is near Zimbabwe; and Songhai, which is near the Niger River.

� Use a semicolon to separate main clauses that are joined by a conjunctive adverb (however,therefore, nevertheless, moreover, furthermore, subsequently, for example, that is)� Jimmie appeared in many plays

and musicals; for example, he starred in Othello.

� Use a semicolon to separate 2 main clauses joined by a conjunction when one or both of the clauses already contain several commas.� The rule of Mansa Musa, the

Moslem emperor of the African empire of Mali, is remembered for military success, trade expansion, and Muslim scholarship; but this period is most known as a golden age of peace.

� Two excellent collections of Inuit art are found in Manitoba, one is housed in the Eskimo Museum in Churchill and the other can be seen at the Winnipeg Art Gallery.Mrs. Stebbins recently learned that Kalani has � Mrs. Stebbins recently learned that Kalani has a beautiful bass voice, moreover he’s a great clog dancer.

� A large breeding ground for polar bears lies south of Hudson Bay near Churchill as a result Churchill is nicknamed Polar Bear Capitol of the World.

All right ….

� Written by Henrik Ibsen (1828 – 1906), who is from Norway

� First writer to use modern language in his playsplays

� A Doll’s House created much controversy; many felt it was a vulgar depiction of women

� Most critics responded negatively to the play (and most of Isben’s work); it’s not till the early Modern period that he receives literary credit

� A movement in literature that overlaps modernism; however, it begins first

� With the rise of the industrial revolution,

� Realism is written in modern prose, in modern language (not in prose or verse)

� Depicts characters and situations as they are

With the rise of the industrial revolution, society begins to see the stark reality of things, and a need to present things “as they are” rather than an ideal present creates realism

Depicts characters and situations as they are

� Address controversial issues

� Focus is more on internal conflict within a character

� Theater becomes a social commentary, not just a source of entertainment

� Ibsen was revolutionary in the way he changed theater

� He was the first to use theater as a vehicle for

� Ibsen creates plays that are plot heavy with idealized storylines and unhappy (but realistic) endings

� Created ‘psychological’ theater as a vehicle for social commentary

� He took unacceptable ideas and examined them using the theater

� He was the first to use ordinary people as characters

� Created ‘psychological’ dramas w/internal conflict

� His plays are called “problem plays” (real-life issues)

� Ibsen wanted plays to become more of a moving picture, and less of a reading

OLD THEATER

� Told stories of kings, queens, characters of noble situations

� The endings were also resolved, complete

NEW THEATER

� Tells stories of characters from all spectrums of society

� Reflect ordinary language and ordinary situations that do

The endings were also resolved, complete

� Elevated language written in prose or verse

� Focused more on classical themes, less on day to day problems

� Conflicts tended to be external, more man vs.man or man vs society

ordinary situations that do not have happy, clean endings

� Emphasis is on the current controversial issues that happen in everyday society

� Conflict was more internal (there all along in the character, but sparked by an external conflict)

A Doll’s House

– Written in 1879

-–Caused extreme

controversy,

particularly

among women

Begin on page 943

among women

– The most

famous of Ibsen’s

problem plays

– Focuses on the

role and status of

women in the late

19th century