Microsoft® Official Course

Module 9

Implementing Network Access Protection

Module Overview

Overview of Network Access Protection

Overview of NAP Enforcement Processes

Configuring NAP•Monitoring and Troubleshooting NAP

Lesson 1: Overview of Network Access Protection

What Is Network Access Protection?

NAP Scenarios

NAP Enforcement Methods•NAP Platform Architecture

What Is Network Access Protection?

•NAP can:• Enforce health-requirement policies on client computers• Ensure client computers are compliant with policies• Offer remediation support for computers that do not meet health requirements

•NAP cannot:• Prevent authorized users with compliant computers from performing malicious activity on the network• Restrict network access for computers that are running Windows versions previous to Windows XP SP2, when exception rules are configured for those computers

NAP Scenarios

NAP helps you to verify the health state of:

Roaming laptops

Desktop computers Unmanaged home computers

Visiting laptops

NAP Enforcement Methods

Method Key Points

IPsec enforcement for IPsec-protected communications

• Computer must be compliant to communicate with other compliant computers

• This is the strongest NAP enforcement type, and can be applied per IP address or protocol port number

802.1X enforcement for IEEE 802.1X-authenticated wired or wireless connections

• Computer must be compliant to obtain unlimited access through an 802.1X connection (authentication switch or access point)

VPN enforcement for remote access connections

• Computer must be compliant to obtain unlimited access through a Remote Access Service connection

DirectAccess

• Computer must be compliant to obtain unlimited network access

• For noncompliant computers, access is restricted to a defined group of infrastructure servers

DHCP enforcement for DHCP-based address configuration

• Computer must be compliant to receive an unlimited access IPv4 address configuration from DHCP

• This is the weakest form of NAP enforcement

NAP Platform Architecture

Intranet

Remediation Servers

InternetNAP Health Policy Server

DHCP server

Health Registration Authority

IEEE 802.1X devices

Active Directory

VPN server

Restricted network

NAP client with limited access

Perimeter network

Lesson 2: Overview of NAP Enforcement Processes

NAP Enforcement Processes

IPsec Enforcement

802.1x Enforcement

VPN Enforcement•DHCP Enforcement

NAP Enforcement Processes

HRA

VPN Server

DHCP Server

IEEE 802.1X Network Access Devices

Health Requirement Server

Remediation Server

NAP Client NAP Health Policy Server

RADIUS Messages

SystemHealthUpdates

HTTP or HTTP over S

SL Messages

SystemHealth

RequirementQueries

DHCP Messages

PEAP Messages over PPP PEAP Messages over EAPOL

IPsec Enforcement

•Key points of IPsec NAP enforcement include:• The IPsec NAP enforcement comprises a health certificate server and an IPsec NAP EC• The health-certificate server issues X.509 certificates to

quarantine clients when they are verified as compliant. Certificates are then used to authenticate NAP clients when they initiate IPsec-secured communications with other NAP clients on an intranet.

• IPsec enforcement confines the communication on a network to those nodes that are considered compliant • You can define requirements for secure communications with compliant clients on a per-IP address or a per-TCP/UDP port-number basis

802.1x Enforcement

• Key points of 802.1X wired or wireless NAP enforcement:• Computer must be compliant to obtain unlimited network access through an 802.1X-authenticated network connection • Noncompliant computers are limited through a restricted-access profile that the Ethernet switch or wireless AP places on the connection • Restricted access profiles can specify IP packet filters or a VLAN identifier that corresponds to the restricted network • 802.1X enforcement actively monitors the health status of the connected NAP client and applies the restricted access profile to the connection if the client becomes noncompliant

VPN Enforcement

•Key points of VPN NAP enforcement:• Computer must be compliant to obtain unlimited network access through a remote access VPN connection • Noncompliant computers have network access limited through a set of IP packet filters that the VPN server applies to the VPN connection• VPN enforcement actively monitors the health status of the NAP client and then applies the IP packet filters for the restricted network to the VPN connection if the client becomes noncompliant

DHCP Enforcement

•Key points of DHCP NAP enforcement:• Computers must be compliant to obtain an unlimited access IPv4 address configuration from a DHCP server • Noncompliant computers have IPv4 address configuration, allowing access to restricted network only• DHCP enforcement actively monitors the health status of the NAP client, renewing the IPv4 address configuration for access only to the restricted network if the client becomes noncompliant

Lesson 3: Configuring NAP

What Are System Health Validators?

What Is a Health Policy?

What Are Remediation Server Groups?

NAP Client Configuration•Demonstration: Configuring NAP

What Are System Health Validators?

System health validators are server software counterparts to system health agents

• Each SHA on the client has a corresponding SHV in NPS • SHVs allow NPS to verify the statement of health made by its corresponding SHA on the client • SHVs contain the required configuration settings on client computers • The Windows Security SHV corresponds to the Microsoft SHA on client computers

What Is a Health Policy?

To make use of the Windows Security Health Validator, you must configure a health policy and assign the SHV to it• Health policies consist of one or more SHVs and other

settings, which you can use to define configuration requirements for NAP-capable computers that attempt to connect to your network

• You can define client health policies in NPS by adding one or more SHVs to the health policy

• NAP enforcement is accomplished by NPS on a per-network policy basis

• After you create a health policy by adding one or more SHVs to the policy, you can add the health policy to the network policy, and enable NAP enforcement in the policy

What Are Remediation Server Groups?

With NAP enforcement in place, you should specify remediation server groups so the clients have access to resources that bring noncompliant NAP-capable clients into compliance• A remediation server hosts the updates that the NAP agent

can use to bring noncompliant client computers into compliance with the health policy that NPS defines

• A remediation server group is a list of servers on the restricted network that noncompliant NAP clients can access for software updates

NAP Client Configuration

• Some NAP deployments that use Windows Security Health Validator require that you enable Security Center

• The Network Access Protection service is required when you deploy NAP to NAP-capable client computers

• You must configure the NAP enforcement clients on the NAP-capable computers

• Most NAP client settings can be configured with Group Policy objects

Demonstration: Configuring NAP

In this demonstration, you will see how to:• Install the NPS server role• Configure NPS as an NAP health policy server• Configure health policies• Configure network policies for compliant computers• Configure network policies for noncompliant computers• Configure the DHCP server role for NAP• Configure client NAP settings• Test NAP

Lesson 4: Monitoring and Troubleshooting NAP

What Is NAP Tracing?

Demonstration: Configuring NAP Tracing

Troubleshooting NAP•Troubleshooting NAP with Event Logs

What Is NAP Tracing?

• NAP tracing identifies NAP events and records them to a log file based on the one of the following tracing levels:• Basic• Advanced• Debug

• You can use tracing logs to:• Evaluate the health and security of your network• For troubleshooting and maintenance

• NAP tracing is disabled by default, which means that no NAP events are recorded in the trace logs

Demonstration: Configuring NAP Tracing

In this demonstration, you will see how to: • Configure tracing from the GUI• Configure tracing from the command line

Troubleshooting NAP

You can use the following netsh NAP command to help you to troubleshoot NAP issues:

• netsh NAP client show state

• netsh NAP client show config

• netsh NAP client show group

Troubleshooting NAP with Event Logs

Event ID Meaning

6272 Successful authentication has occurred

6273 Successful authentication has not occurred

6274 A configuration problem exists

6276 NAP client quarantined

6277 NAP client is on probation

6278 NAP client granted full access

Lab: Implementing NAP

Exercise 1: Configuring NAP Components

Exercise 2: Configuring VPN Access•Exercise 3: Configuring the Client Settings to Support NAP

Logon Information

Virtual Machines: 20411B-LON-DC120411B-LON-RTR20411B-LON-CL2

User name Adatum\AdministratorPassword Pa$$w0rdEstimated Time: 60 minutes

Lab Scenario

A. Datum is a global engineering and manufacturing company with its head office in London, UK. An IT office and data center in London support head office and other locations. A. Datum has recently deployed a Windows Server 2012 server and client infrastructure.

To help increase security and compliance requirements, A. Datum is required to extend their VPN solution to include NAP. You need to establish a way to verify and, if required, automatically bring client computers into compliance whenever they connect remotely by using the VPN connection. You will accomplish this goal by using NPS to create system health-validation settings, network and health policies, and configuring NAP to verify and remediate client health.

Lab Review

The DHCP NAP enforcement method is the weakest enforcement method in Windows Server 2012. Why is it a less preferable enforcement method than other available methods?

Could you use the remote access NAP solution alongside the IPsec NAP solution? What benefit would this scenario provide?•Could you have used DHCP NAP enforcement for the client? Why or why not?

Module Review and Takeaways

Review Questions•Tools