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Microsoft Office Access 2007: Intermediate
Course 01 – Relational Databases
Slide 1
Cours
e I
LT
Relational Databases
Course objectives
Normalize tables
Set relationships between tables
Implement referential integrity
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Slide 2
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LT
Topic A
Topic A: Database Normalization
Topic B: Relating Tables
Topic C: Implementing Referential
Integrity
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Slide 3
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Normalization
Normalized tables are
Low maintenance because they don’t
have duplicate data
Flexible, enabling querying with ease
Adaptable, absorbing business
changes without requiring extensive
design modification
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Slide 4
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Steps to Normalize – Rule 1
Take small bites and no repeating
Will you need to sort, group by, or print
a subset of the information in the field?
If so, break it up
Do you see the same kind of
information in more than one field?
Will you need to add more fields in the
future? If so, move this information to
another table in one tall field
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Slide 5
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Steps to Normalize – Rule 2
Stay on topic – Each non-key field must relate to the entire multiple-field primary key
Does data in the multiple-field primary key indicate the value of the non-key field? If so, move that non-key field to another table
Does the value in the non-key field correspond directly to the values in the multiple-field primary key? If not, move that non-key field to another table
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Slide 6
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Steps to Normalize – Rule 3
Stay on topic – Each non-key field must
relate to the entire single-field primary
key
Is data in this non-key field a fact
about the primary key? If not, move
that non-key field to another table
Could we have more than one non-key
field for a single primary key? If so,
move the non-key field to another
table
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Slide 7
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LT
Topic B
Topic A: Database Normalization
Topic B: Relating Tables
Topic C: Implementing Referential
Integrity
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Slide 8
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Establishing Relationships
1. Click the Relationships button
2. Click Show Table
3. Select the desired table and click Add
4. Click Close
5. In the Relationships window, drag the desired field from the first table to the desired field in the second table
6. Click Join Type
7. Select the desired properties option
8. Check Enforce Referential Integrity and click Create
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Slide 9
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Relationships Window
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Slide 10
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LT
One-to-Many Relationship
Two tables have a one-to-many
relationship when one record in the
primary table relates to several
records in the related table
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Slide 11
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Junction Tables
Used to create a many-to-many
relationship
Act as a link between two tables
Contain primary key fields of both
tables to be related
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Slide 12
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Many-to-Many with Junction
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Slide 13
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Printing Table Relationships
1. In the Design tab, click Relationship
Report. The report opens in Print Preview
mode
2. Right-click the report tab and choose
Design view
3. Make any necessary changes to the
header, detail, or footer of the report, and
save your changes
4. Right-click the report tab and choose Print
Preview. Verify the appearance of the
report
5. On the Print Preview tab, click Print
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Slide 14
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Topic C
Topic A: Database Normalization
Topic B: Relating Tables
Topic C: Implementing Referential
Integrity
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Slide 15
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Referential Integrity
The primary table must have a primary
key
The related fields should be of same
data type
The tables must belong to the same
database
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Slide 16
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Orphan Records
Records in a table that have no related
records in the primary table
Result from deleting records in the
primary table without deleting the
related records in the related table
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Slide 17
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Cascading Deletes
1. Open the Relationships window
2. Double-click the line between tables
3. Check Enforce Referential Integrity
4. Check Cascade Delete Related
Records
5. Click OK
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Slide 18
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Test Cascading Deletes
1. Open the desired table
2. Navigate to the record to be deleted
3. Press Delete
4. Click Yes to delete the record
5. Update and close the table
6. Open a related table to confirm that
all related records have been deleted
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Slide 19
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Cascading Updates
Ensure that any changes made to the
primary key in the primary table are
reflected in the related tables
Can be set by checking Cascade
Update Related Records in the Edit
Relationships dialog box
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Slide 20
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Course Summary
Normalized tables to reduce data
redundancy
Set relationships between tables
Implemented referential integrity
between related tables
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Review Questions:
1. What is the first rule of data normalization?
A. Each non-key field must relate to the whole multiple-field primary key
B. Each non-key field must relate to the single-field primary key
C. Fields should contain the smallest meaningful value, and there should be no repeating
groups of fields
D. None of the above
2. Table relationships are based on matching fields. When the matching field is the in a
table, that table is known as the related table.
A. Foreign Key
B. Main table
C. Access Key
D. Primary Key
3. True or False: In a related table, only one field can be linked to a field in another table.
A. True
B. False
4. True or False: To establish a table relationship, the first step is to go to the Database Tools tab and
click Relationships.
A. True
B. False
5. What is the purpose of creating a junction table?
A. Create a one-to-one relationship
B. Create a one-to-many relationship
C. Create a many-to-many relationship
D. All of the above
6. What is/are the requirement(s) that must be satisfied before referential integrity can be
implemented?
A. The primary table has a primary key
B. The related fields are the same data type
C. The tables belong to the same database
D. All of the above
Answer Key:
1. C
Fields should contain the smallest meaningful value, and there should be no repeating groups of
fields.
2. A
Table relationships are based on matching fields. When the matching field is the foreign key in a
table, that table is known as the related table.
3. B
False. In a related table, one or more fields can be linked to fields in another table. The link ensures
that you can enter only those values that have corresponding entries in the other table. A relational
database is in the form of related tables.
4. A
True. To establish a table relationship, the first step is to go to the Database Tools tab and click
Relationships.
5. C
The purpose of a junction table is to create a many-to-many relationship between Access tables.
6. D
All three are requirements that must be satisfied before referential integrity can be implemented.
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