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1.A rise in the anti-HBc immunoglobulin in a patient

indicates________________?

A. Acute infection ✔

B. Carrier state

C. Prodromal phase

D. Convalescence

2.Cytopathic effect is shown by_____________?

A. Virus ✔

B. Bacteria

C. Spirochete

D. Anaerobe

3.Which of the following would you consider to be general properties of

viruses______________?

A. New virus particle arises directly (by division) from preexisting

viruses

B. Fall in to the general size range of 200-3000 angstrom unit ✔

C. Contain equal proportions of protein, lipo polysaccharide and nucleic acids

D. Contain DNA but no RNA

4.Most common opportunistic infection in AIDS is_____________?

A. Cryptococcosis

B. Tuberculosis

C. Candidiasis ✔

D. Aspergilosis

5.Viruses can be cultured in all except_______________?

A. Chick embryo

B. Blood agar ✔

C. Guinea pigs

D. Cell culture



6.Following hepatitis B infection through blood transfusion disease

manifests in_____________?

A. 1 week ✔

B. 6 week

C. 3 months

D. 6 months

7.The Window period in HIV infection means______________?

A. The time lapse between the infection and detection of viral

antibodies ✔

B. The time lapse between the infection and development of AIDS

C. The time lapse between obtaining the sample and detection of virus in the

lab

D. None of the above

8.Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affets_______________?

A. Red blood cells

B. Fibroblasts

C. Helper T lymphocytes (CD4) ✔

D. Mast cells

9.The classic opportunistic infection in acquired immune deficiency

syndrome is_____________?

A. Apthous stomatitis

B. Tuberculosis

C. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ✔

D. Herpetic gingivostomatitis

10.Influenza is caused by_____________?

A. Orthomyxo virus, which is a DNA virus

B. Paramyxo virus, which is a RNA virus



C. Paramyxo virus, which is a DNA virus

D. Orthomyxo virus, which is a RNA virus ✔

11.Human immune deficiency virus is ________________ virus?

A. Rheo

B. Retro ✔

C. Rhabdo

D. Flavi

12.Both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions are present in which

of the following viruses_____________?

A. Pox virus

B. Measles virus ✔

C. Hepatitis B virus

D. HIV

13.In which of the following immunization is given after infection is

started________________?

A. Rabies ✔

B. Poliomyelitis

C. Influenza

D. Herpes

14.Incubation pariod of herpes zoster is________________?

A. 7-14 days ✔

B. 1 months

C. 1-2 years

D. 3-6 months

15.True about prions________________?

A. Composed largely proteins without any nucleic acid ✔

B. Phase in which virus cannot be demonstrated in host cell

C. Viruses which are genetically deficient



D. Viral components may be synthesized but maturation & assembling is

defective

16.Pigs are important source of_____________?

A. Japanese encephalitis ✔

B. Kuru

C. Yellow fever

D. Rabies

17.Herpes virus_____________?

A. Acquires its envelope from nuclear membrane ✔

B. Acquires its envelope from nucleolar membrane

C. Acquires its envelope from cytoplasmi membrane


18.The presence of Which of the following factors in viruses makes

protective vaccines a possibility ?

A. Enzymes

B. Protein coat ✔

C. Polysaccharide

D. Lipids

19.Certain viruses have been isolated in crytalline form and have been

found to be_____________?

A. Nucleotides

B. Phospholipids

C. Scleroproteins

D. Nucleoproteins ✔

20.The HIV virus can be destroyed invitro by which of the

following_____________?

A. Boiling

B. Ethanol



C. Cidex

D. All of the above ✔

21.Portal of entry of poliovirus in mainly_______________?

A. Gastrointestinal tract ✔

B. Nasal mucosa

C. Lung

D. Skin

22.Presence of HBe Ag in patients with hepatitis indicates_____________?

A. Simple carriers

B. Late convalescence

C. High infectivity ✔

D. Carrier status

23.Which does not have a viral etiology______________?

A. Carcinoma Cervix

B. Hepatoma ✔

C. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

D. Lymphoma

24.Viron is defined as______________?

A. Extracellular infectious virus particle ✔

B. Smallest virus

C. A smallest particle similar to virus


25.One virus particle prevents multiplication of 2nd virus. This phenomena

is____________?

A. Viral interference ✔

B. Mutation

C. Supervision

D. Permutation



26.The only virus, which has double stranded RNA, is______________?

A. Bunya virus

B. Reo virus ✔

C. Calci virus

D. Rhabdo virus

27.Which of the following correctly indicates the infectivity of hepatitis

virus in human ?

A. HBCAg

B. HBeAg✔

C. Anti-HBC

D. Anti-HBS

28.Which of the following represents the serologic evidence of recent

Hepatitis B virus infection during window period ?

A. HBs Ag

B. IgM anti – HBc✔

C. Anti HBs


29.For the treatment of case of class III dog bite, all of the following are

correct except_____________?

A. Give inmunoglobulins for passive immunity

B. Give ARV

C. Immediately stitch wound under antibiotic coverage✔

D. Immediately wash wound with soap and water

30.Which of the following is a RNA virus ?

A. Measles virus✔

B. Herpes Virus

C. Papavo virus

D. Adeno virus



31.Following is a retrovirus_____________?

A. Immunodeficiency virus✔

B. Influenza

C. Polio virus

D. Hepatitis virus

32.Type of Human papilloma virus associated with carcinoma

cervix_____________?

A. Type 6,12,18

B. 16,18,31✔

C. 6,8,11

D. 3,10,19

33.The viral action is differentiated from bacterial action

by_________________?

A. Interferon production✔

B. Toxin production

C. Lymphocytes production

D. Neutrophils production

34.What is the sequence which a retro virus follows on entering a host cell ?

A. RNA -DNA-RNA✔

B. RNA-DNA

C. DNA-RNA

D. DNA-RNA-DNA

35.Which of the following viruses appears to be involved in the pathogenesis

of Kaposi’s sarcoma_____________?

A. Human Herpes Virus 3

B. Human Herpes Virus 1

C. Human Herpes Virus 8

D. Human Herpes Virus 4✔



36.Seroconversion in HIV infection takes place in______________?

A. 2 weeks

B. 4 weeks✔

C. 9 weeks

D. 12 weeks

37.Babu, a 28 year old male comes with compaint of exposure 3 wks back,

having cervical Lymphadenopathy, Hepatosplenomegaly. Diagnosis of

HIV is done by____________?

A. ELISA

B. Western blot

C. P24 antigen✔

D. Lymph node biopsy

38.Anti HBsAB indicates______________?

A. Resistance to hepatitis B

B. Acute infection

C. Good prognosis✔

D. Hepatocellular carcinoma

39.Presence of HBe Ag in Patients with hepatitis

indicates_______________?

A. Simple carriers

B. Late convalescence

C. High infectivity✔

D. Carrier status

40.Which of the following does not go into chronic hepatitis stage ?

A. HBV

B. HCV

C. HDV

D. HEV✔



41.Which of the following belongs to cell fraction derived

vaccine______________?

A. Measles

B. Mumps

C. Rubella

D. Hepatitis B✔

42.Dengue virus belongs to______________?

A. Flavi virus✔

B. Togaviridae

C. Reoviridae

D. Rhabdoviridae

43.Which of the following statement about P24 antigen of HIV is Not True ?

A. It can be detected during the window period

B. Free P24 antigen disappears after the appearance of IgM response to it:

C. Virus load parallel P24 titre

D. It remains during asymptomatic phase✔

44.Which of the following viruses are most likely to cross placenta and

cause foetal defect ?

A. Herpes Simplex

B. Mumps

C. Rubella✔

D. Papilloma

45.Which of the following viruses produces both intranuclear and

intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies_____________?

A. Chicken pox

B. Rabies

C. Small pox

D. Measles✔



46.Characteristic feature of retrovirus is_____________?

A. Ribonuclease

B. Reverse transcriptase✔

C. DNA polymerase

D. Restriction endonuclease

47.Dengue Hemorrhagic fever is caused by_____________?

A. Virus✔

B. Bacteria

C. Parasite

D. Bacteria superadded on virus

48.Interferon interferes with replication of virus at the time

of_____________?

A. Protein synthesis✔

B. DNA/RNA replication

C. When virus enters the cell

D. Uncoating of the virus proteins capsule

49.Which of the following microbial cell is most resistant to antiseptics &

disinfectants ?

A. Mycobacteria

B. Spore

C. Prions✔

D. Coccidia

50.Which of the following viruses does not infect salivary glands ?

A. Echo virus

B. Hepatitis C

C. HIV

D. Orthomyxovirus✔



51.Which of the following lesions is NOT an infection from human

papilloma virus ?

A. Verruca vulgaris

B. Focal epithelial hyperplasia

C. Condyloma acuminatum

D. Keratoacanthoma✔

52.Prions true is____________?

A. Readily inactivated by autoclave at 121 C

B. Evokes strong immunogenic reaction

C. Sensitive to most chemical sterilization

D. Contains DNA/ RNA

53.A young pregnant woman presents with fulminant hepatic failure. The

most likely aetiological agent is_____________?

A. Hepatitis B virus

B. Hepatitis C virus

C. Hepatitis E virus✔

D. Hepatitis A virus

54.Salivary protein, which prevents transmission of human

immunodeficiency virus via saliva, is____________?

A. Sialoperoxidase

B. Secretory IgA

C. Salivary leukocyte proteinase inhibitor✔

D. Histidine rich proteins

55.A dentist suffred from Hepatitis B infection 3 months back. His

laboratory tests are normal but he is not allowed by the medical board to

do surgical practice. He is_____________?

A. Inactive carrier

B. Healthy carrier



C. Convalscent carrier✔

D. Paradoxical carrier

56.Virus is cultured in_______________?

A. Saubourd’s agar

B. Rogosa medium

C. Nonembryonated egg

D. Embryonated egg

57.Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) usually occurs when CD4 Lymphocyte counts

are_____________?

A. Above 600

B. Between 1000-2000

C. Below 200✔

D. Above 2000

58.Mark true in following ? ✔

A. Hanta virus pulmonary syndrome is caused by inhalation of

rodent urine and faces

B. Kyanasur forest disease is caused by bite of wild animal

C. Lyssa virus is transmitted by ticks


59.The world german measles is applied for_____________?

A. Rubella✔

B. Rubeola

C. Herpes simplex

D. Herpetic ginglvostomatitis

60.Hepatitis A virus is best diagnosed by______________?

A. IgM antibodies in serum✔

B. Isolation form stool



C. Culture from blood

D. Isolation from bile

61.Hepatitis C virus belongs to which one of the following virus groups ?

A. Picorna viruses

B. Herpes viruses

C. Hepadana viruses

D. Flavi viruses✔

62.Viruses can be isolated from clinical samples by cultivation in the

following except_______________?

A. Tissue culture

B. Embryonated eggs

C. Animals

D. Chemically defined media✔

63.During the Window period of patient with AIDS_______________?

A. ELISA IS – ve

B. Western Blot is – ve

C. Both are – ve✔

D. PCR is – ve

64.Plaque test is used routinely in virology lab’s for________________?

A. Identification of viral disease✔

B. To separate specific clone of virus

C. To maintain certain viral culture

D. To prepare vaccines

65.All are oncogenic except________________?

A. Anopheles

B. Aedes✔

C. Culex

D. Mansoni



66.DNA covering material in a virus is called as________________?

A. Capsomere

B. Capsid✔

C. Nucleocapsid

D. Envelope

67.All are oncogenic except________________?

A. EB virus

B. Papilloma virus

C. Herpes simplex virus✔

D. Varicella zoster virus

68.True about HIV are all except______________?

A. DNA virus✔

B. Attacks CD4 cells

C. Macrophages are the reservoir

D. Decrease CD4 count in late stages

69.EBV causes all except_________________?

A. Carcinoma of nasopharynx

B. Papilloma✔

C. Infectious mononucleosis

D. Burkitt’s lymphoma

70.Australian antigen is_______________?

A. HB Ag

B. HBs AG✔

C. HBV


71.Which of the following methods is adopted for screening HIV infection ?

A. Virus isolation

B. Western blot followed by ELISA



C. ELISA followed by western blot technique✔

D. Polymers chain reaction

72.Enterically transmitted NANB hepatitis B_____________?

A. Hepatitis C

B. Hepatitis D

C. Hepatitis E✔

D. Hepatitis F

73.True about immune response of hepatitis B is__________________?

A. Antibody of HBs Ag is associated with resistance to infection✔

B. Antibody to HBC is not protective

C. Highest titres of anti HBC are found in persistent carriers of HBs Ag

D. CMI disappears soon after recover

74.The best way of detecting the presence of viruses in the infected cell –

culture is____________?

A. Cytopathic changes in culture cells✔

B. Presence of viral protein in the infected monolayer

C. Haemagglutination test

D. Haemagglutination inhibition test

75.The Dane particle is the______________?

A. HBV✔

B. IgG anti HAV

C. Delta Virus

D. HBC Ag

76.Baby born to mother suffering from AIDS, all are true

except________________?

A. Failure to thrive

B. Have infections



C. 50% chances to have AIDS✔

D. All are true

77.The time gap between appearance of Koplik’s spot and cutaneous rash in

measles is________________?

A. 24 Hrs

B. 3-4 days✔

C. 2 weeks

D. 10 days

78.Rabies virus________________?

A. Cytotropic

B. Dermatotropic

C. Chromophilic

D. Neurotropic✔

79.Virus are sharply differentiated from bacteria by_______________?

A. Presence of either DNA or RNA

B. Simple structure

C. Complex multiplication

D. All of the above✔

80.The following hepatitis virus is transmitted by faeco-oral

route________________?

A. Hepatitis B virus

B. Hepatitis C virus

C. Hepatitis D virus

D. Hepatitis E virus✔

81.Confirmatory test for HIV infection is a_______________?

A. ELISA

B. Immunodot



C. RIPA

D. Western Blot✔

82.Bacteriophage was discovered by_________________?

A. Robert koch

B. Twort and d’herelle✔

C. Menkin

D. Metchinkoff

83.Australia antigen is associated with________________?

A. Hepatitis B surface antigen in acute hepatitis✔

B. AIDS

C. Chronic leukemia

D. Basal cell carcinoma

84.Antibody to HSV will begin to appear_____________________?

A. in a week and reach a peak in 3 weeks✔

B. only after one year

C. no antibodies are present in primary HSV

D. antibodies are present in recurrent and chronic apthous stomatitis

85.Half-life of free HIV in plasma is________________?

A. 24 hours

B. 6 hours✔

C. 12 hours

D. 3 months

86.The culture media used for cultivation of HSV is_____________?

A. Chocolate agar

B. Robertoson’s cooked-meat broth

C. Chorio allantoic membrane✔

D. Sabourad’s agar



87.All of the following infections may be transmitted be dental instruments

except____________?

A. HIV

B. Hepatitis C

C. Hepatitis B

D. Hepatitis E✔

88.HIV is transmitted by all of the following routes

except________________?

A. Saliva✔

B. Needle prick injury

C. Blood transmission

D. Sexual intercourse

89.The mechanism by which most fungi caused disease is

________________?

A. exotoxin production

B. lecithinase production

C. hypersensitivity✔

D. Coagulase production

90.Fungus capable to forming fungal ball is ________________?

A. Penicillium

B. Aspergillus✔

C. Mucor

D. Rhizopus

91.The culture media for fungus is__________________?

A. Tellurite medium

B. NNN medium

C. Chocolate agar medium

D. Sabourauds medium✔



92.The medium of choice for culturing yeast from of dimorphic fungi

is_________________?

A. Brain – heart infusion

B. Sabouraud’s

C. Sabouraud’s plus antibiotics✔

D. Any medium incubated at 35-37°C

93.Dematophytes are fungi infecting________________?

A. Subcutaneous tissue

B. Systemic organs

C. Nails, hair and skin✔

D. Superficial skin and deep tissue

94.Transmission of all of the following intestinal parasites takes place by the

feco-oral route except______________?

A. Giardia lambia

B. Ascaris lumbriocoides

C. Strongyloides✔

D. Entamoeba

95.Investigation of choice for invasive amoebiasis is________________?

A. Indirect hemagglutination

B. ELISA✔

C. Counter immune electroporesis

D. Microscopy

96.Black water fever is caused by______________?

A. Plasmodium vivax

B. Plasmodium falciparum✔

C. Leishmania donovani

D. Microfilaria

97.Causative organism of Kalahazar is_______________?



A. Plasmodium ovaie

B. Leishman donovani✔

C. Entamoeba histolytica

D. Toxoplasma

98.All the following amoeba live in the large intestine

except_________________?

A. coli

B. nana

A. gingivalis✔

B. histolytica

99.All are true about Entamoeba histolytica except________________?

A. Cysts are 8 nucleated✔

B. Cysts are 4 nucleated

C. Trophozoites colonise in the colon

D. The chromatid bodies are stained by iodides

100.All are seen in a cysts of E. histolytica except_____________?

A. Glycogen mass

B. Chromatid bars

C. Eccentric nucleus

D. Refractile nucleus✔

101.Sporozoites of plasmodium falciparum are shaped_______________?

A. Dot

B. Comma

C. Banana

D. Sickle✔

102.True about Toxaplasma gondi is, it is carried by_______________?

A. cats✔

B. Dogs



C. Rats

D. Cow

103.Which worm is longest________________?

A. T. Solium

B. T. Saginata✔

C. Hook worm

D. A. Lumbricoides

104.Thread worm is______________?

A. Enterobius✔

B. Ancylostoma

C. Ascaris

D. Necator

105.Highest incidence of anemia in the tropics is due to______________?

A. Hook worm✔

B. Thread worm

C. Ascaris

D. Guinea worm

106.Medusa lock appearance in X ray is seen in______________?

A. Ascariasis✔

B. Tapeworm

C. Hood worm

D. Ascariasis and tapeworm

107.Culture media of candida is_________________?

A. Methylene blue dextrose agar

B. Saboraud’s medium✔

C. Pingolevin

D. All of the above

108.The following is not true of Candida albicans______________?



A. Yeast like fungus

B. Forms Chlamydospores

C. Blastomeres seen in isolates✔

D. Seen in immunocompromised and causes meningitis in them

109.Opportunistic infection is caused by___________________?

A. Penicillium

B. Mucor

C. Aspergillus


110.The inflammatory type of tinea capitis with superadded secondary

bacterial infection leading to a painful, circumscribed, boggy, and

indurated lesion, is called_____________?

A. Kerison✔

B. Alopecia areata

C. Pilomatrixoma

D. Tenia incognito

111.Reynolds Braude phenomenon is shown by ___________________?

A. Candida albicans✔

B. Mucor

C. Cryptococcus

D. Aspergillus

112.Candidal hyphae can be stained using_______________?

A. Van Gieson’s stain

B. Periodic acid schiff stain✔

C. Masson Trichrome stain

D. Toluidine blue stain

113.Following are the characteristics of Cryptococcus neoformans

EXCEPT________________?



A. Noncapsulated fungus infecting man✔

B. Causes meningitis

C. Melanin production related to virulence

D. Basidiomycetes yeast

114.Normal ratio of CD4 (T4) : CD8 (T8) is_________________?

A. 2:1✔

B. 1:2

C. 3:1

D. 1:3

115.Lesions caused by Entameoba histolytica predominantly

involve________________?

A. Caecum and large intestine✔

B. Duodenum

C. Stomach

D. Jejunum and Ileum

116.Which of the following parasite causes

autoinfection_________________?

A. Giardia lambella

B. Isopora belli

C. Balantidium coli

D. Taenia solium✔

117.Probiotic organism used_________________?

A. E coli

B. Bifido bacteria✔

C. Staphylococcus

D. Salmonella

118.Sleeping sickness is caused by_______________?



A. House fly

B. Sand fly

C. Tick

D. Reduvid bug✔

119.Injection abscesses due to use of contaminated vaccines occurs in

infections caused by_______________?

A. M. Kansasii

B. M. ulcerans

C. M. chelonae✔

D. M. smegmatis

120.Donovanosis, true is___________________?

A. Caused by Calymmatobacterium granulomatis✔

B. Lymphadenopathy is remarkable & diagnostic

C. Penicillin is drug of choice

D. Characterized by painful genital ulcers

121.CD4 count in normal healthy adult is_______________?

A. 500

B. 200

C. 1000✔

D. 300

122.A cerebrospinal fluid of a 2 years old child has been sent to the

laboratory to detect the presence of capsulated yeast. The staining

technique most commonly employed for the purpose is______________?

A. India ink preparation✔

B. Methanamine silver stain

C. Ziehl-Neelsen stain

D. Pyte-ferraco stain

123.Most fungi of medical importance belongs to__________________?



A. Zygomycetes

B. Ascomycetes

C. Basidiomycetes

D. Deuteromycetes✔

124.A mother donated a kidney to her daughter having chronic renal failure,

which kind of graft it represents________________?

A. Allo✔

B. ISO

C. Xeno

D. Auto

125.Which of the following is most potent antigen for stimulating both

humoral and cell mediated immunity ?

A. Adjuvant

B. Proteins✔

C. Polysaccharides

D. Lipids

126.In falciparum malaria, causes of anemia are due to all

except__________________?

A. Hemolysis

B. Malabsorption✔

C. Spleen sequestration

D. Bone marrow depression

127.Which of the following is not transmitted by lice ?

A. Trench fever

B. Relapsing fever

C. Q fever✔

D. Epidemic typhus



128.Which stage of plasmodium vivax is infective to

mosquito______________?

A. Sporozoite

B. Gametocyte✔

C. Merozoite

D. Zygote

129.Schuffner’s dots are seen in infection due to_______________?

A. Plasmodium falciparum

B. Plasmodium vivax✔

C. Plasmodium malariae

D. Plasmodium ovale

130.Man is the only reservoir for_______________?

A. Salmonella

B. Camphylobacter jejuni

A. histolytica✔

C. Y. enterocolitica

131.Commonest site of extra intestinal amoebiasis is___________________?

A. Brain

B. Liver✔

C. Spleen

D. Lungs

132.Delhi boil refer to_______________?

A. Solar Keratosis

B. Malignant pustule

C. L. Tropica sore✔

D. Venereal ulcer

133.Madura mycosis produces______________?



A. Brown to black granules

B. White to yellow granules✔

C. Red granules

D. No granules

134.Sclerotic bodies measuring 3-5m in size, multi-septate, chestnut, brown

color is characteristic of________________?

A. Histoplasmosis

B. Rhinosporodiosis

C. Phaeohypomycosis

D. Chromoblastomycosis✔

135.Methods for the diagnosis of superficial fungal

infection________________?

A. Microscopic examination of skin scrapings

B. KOH staining

C. Wood light examination


136.The following statement is true regarding fungal

infection__________________?

A. Dermatophyte infection are exclusively man to animal

B. Rhinosporidium causes deep infection in man

C. albicans is not pathogenic to lab animals

D. Candida infection is usually endogenous✔

137.Common name for Trichuris trichura________________?

A. Round worm

B. Whip worm✔

C. Tape worm

D. Seat woman



138.Rapid evaluation of fungal hyphae/spores can be achieved

with_______________?

A. Grocott Gomori Methenamine silver

B. Hematoxylin and Eosin

C. KOH wet mount✔

D. Peri-iodic Acid Schiff

139.Leishmania is cultured in ________________ media? ✔

A. Chocolate agar

B. NNN✔

C. Tellurite

D. Sabourauds

140.Which is false about Wucheraria bancrofti_________________?

A. Causes filariasis

B. Body is slender and long

C. Terminal nuclei absent

D. Man and anapheles mosquito are hosts✔

141.Kolmer test is a screening test done for_________________?

A. Syphilis✔

B. Tuberculosis

C. Gonorrhea

D. Lymphoma

142.Cysticercosis celluosae is caused by_____________?

A. T. Solium✔

B. Echinococcus granulosus

C. T. Saginata

A. nana

143.Malaria pigment is________________?



A. Bilurubin

B. Haemoglobin

C. Iron

D. Haematin-globin pigment✔

144.In transmission of malaria, mosquito bite transfers_______________?

A. Sporozoite✔

B. Merozoite

C. Hypnozoite

D. Gametocyte

145.Amoebic liver abscess can be diagnosed by

demonstratig________________?

A. Cysts in the sterile pus

B. Trophozoites in the pus✔

C. Cysts in the intestine

D. Trophozoites in the feces

146.parasitic inflammation would show

predominantly____________________?

A. Lymphocytes

B. Neutrophilis

C. Eosinophils✔

D. Basophils

147.Megaloblastic anaemia is caused by_________________?

A. Dog tapeworm

B. Hookworm

C. Fish tapeworm✔

D. Threadworm

148.L.D bodies are seen in_______________?



A. Kalahazar✔

B. Toxoplasmosis

C. Malaria

D. Sleeping sickness

149.Hydatid cyst is__________________?

A. Parasitic in nature✔

B. Fungal

C. Congenital

D. Viral

150.Candida albicans causes all of the following except______________?

A. Endocarditis

B. Mycetoma✔

C. Meningitis

D. Oral thrush

151.Candida is most often implicated in causation___________________?

A. Conjunctivitis

B. Tenea capitis

C. Desert rheumatism

D. Thrush✔

152.Pseudohphae are seen in____________?

A. Alternaria

B. Aspergillus

C. Osporium

D. Candida albicans✔

153.A sporangium contains_______________?

A. Spherules

B. porangiospores✔



C. Chlamydospores

D. Oidia

154.Aflatoxins are produced by________________?

A. Aspergillus niger

B. Aspergillus fumigatus

C. Aspergillus flavus✔

D. All of the above

155.Germ tubes are formed mainly by_______________?

A. Candida albicans✔

B. Candida stellatoidea

C. Candida tropicalis

D. Candida pseudotropicalls

156.Fungal infection of human beings is called as_____________?

A. Mucorsis

B. Mycosis✔

C. Fungosis

D. Micromia

157.Which of the following is true about amoebic liver disease ?

A. Left lobe of liver is commonly involved

B. Portal system is the main filtration system

C. Trophozoites can be visualized in the pus✔

D. Non-suppurative form is the serious form of extra intestinal amoebiasis

158.Which of the following is NOT a live attenuated vaccine ?

A. Tuberculosis (BCG)

B. Typhoid

C. Varicella Zoster virus

D. Cholera✔



159.Stain used to make the wetted area of filter paper strip more visible

is_____________?

A. Eosin stain

B. Haemotoxin stain

C. Ninhydrin stain✔

D. Blue stain

160.Out of the following hypersensitivity reactions, in which type a single

dose of the antigen can act as both the sensitizing and shocking

dose_______________?

A. Anaphylaxis

B. Arthus reaction

C. Serum sickness✔

D. Contact dermatitis

161.Anaphylaxis refers to the________________?

A. Severe reaction following the injection of protein solution in a

sensitized individual

B. Severe reaction following primary injection of Protein solutions

C. State of immunity developed by repeated injections of any foreign

substance

D. Severe reaction resulting from sensitivity to common allergens

162.Which of the following is not used as disinfectant________________?

A. 1-2% cetrimide

B. 100% alcohol✔

C. 2% Lysol

D. 5% chloroxylene

163.Components of innate immunity that are active against viral cells

includes______________?

A. NK Cells✔

B. Cytotoxic T cells



C. B cells

D. Memory B cells

164.Chemotactic cytokine is_________________?

A. IL-1

B. IL-6

C. IL-8✔

D. TNF

165.Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance of micro organisms is determined

by________________?

A. Direct microscopy

B. Culture✔

C. ELISA

D. DNA probe

166.The cell wall deficient bacteria_______________?

A. Rickettsiae

B. Mycoplasma✔

C. Chlamydiae

D. Ehrlichiae

167.Negative phase is seen in ________ immunity? ✔

A. Active✔

B. Passive

C. Herd

D. Local

168.When horse serum is injected intravenoulsy in to a rabbit and again in to

the skin two or three weeks later, what is the necrotizing reaction that

occurs as the site of the second injection________________?

A. Atopy

B. Anaphylaxis



C. Arthus phenomenon✔

D. Serum sickness

169.Which is type II hypersensitivity ?

A. Anaphylaxis

B. Delayed hypersensitivity

C. Immune complex mediated

D. Cytotoxic / cytolytic type✔

170.A person working in an abattoir presented with a papule on hand, which

turned in to an ulcer. Which will best help in diagnosis______________?

A. Trichrome Methylene blue✔

B. Carbol Fuschin

C. Acid Fast Stain

D. Calcoflour White

171.The earliest identifiable cells of T-Cell lineage during maturation

are_______________?

A. CD7+ Pro-T-Cells✔

B. CD5+ Pre-T-Cells

C. CD8+ Pro-T-Cells

D. CD8+ Pre-T-Cells

172.The following immunoglobulin is not known to fix

complement_________________?

A. IgE✔

B. IgM

C. IgA

D. IgG

173.The reaginic antibody is________________?

A. IgG

B. IgA



C. IgD

D. IgE✔

174.Secondary response is mediated by_______________?

A. IgG✔

B. IgA

C. IgM

D. IgE

175.Portion of immunoglobulin molecule with molecular weight to

50000_________________?

A. Secretory piece

B. H chain✔

C. L chain

D. J piece

176.Which of the following is true about pasteurization ?

A. It kills bacteria and spores

B. It kills all bacteria except thermoduric bacteria✔

C. It kills 95% of microorganisms

D. Tubercle bacilli are destroyed

177.Oil and Grease are sterilized by________________?

A. Hot air oven✔

B. Auto claving

C. Irradiation

D. Ethylene dioxide

178.Hot air oven is used for sterilization of all

EXCEPT__________________?

A. Glassware

B. Rubber tubes✔



C. Sharp instrument

D. Liquid paraffin

179.Endoscopes are sterilized by using_______________?

A. Autoclaving

B. Boiling✔

C. Cidex

D. Gamma radiation

180.Killer and Helper cells are part of_______________?

A. B cells

B. T cells✔

C. Monocytes

D. Macrophage

181.T cells multiplication is stimulated by_______________?

A. Macrolin

B. Heat

C. Bovine serum

D. Phytohaemagglutinin✔

182.Same or closely related antigens present in different biological species

are known as________________?

A. Suquestrated antigens

B. Isoantigens

C. Haptens

D. Heterophile antigens✔

183.Rh incompatibility is which type of hyper sensitivity reaction ?

A. Type I

B. Type II✔

C. Type III

D. Type IV



184.The killer cells are associated with immunologic

response___________________?

A. Type I

B. Type II✔

C. Type III

D. Type IV

185.The prototype of Type II hypersensitivity reaction

is__________________?

A. Arthus reaction

B. SLE

C. Auto immune hemolytic anemia✔

D. Contact dermatitis

186.Cold sterilization refers to the process of sterilization by use

of______________?

A. Ultra violet rays

B. Ultrasonic vibrations

C. Infrared rays

D. Gamma rays✔

187.A woman with infertility receives an ovary transplant from her sister

who is an identical Twin. What type of graft it is ?

A. Xenograft

B. Autograft

C. Allograft

D. Isograft✔

188.Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by which of the following

immunoglobulins ?

A. IgA

B. IgG



C. IgM

D. IgE✔

189.Active artificial immunization is induced by the administration of all of

the following EXCEPT______________?

A. Bacterial products

B. Toxoids

C. Vaccines

D. Antitoxins✔

190.Immunity that is conferred to the foetus by transfer of IgG and IgA

antibodies is called as______________?

A. Active acquired immunity

B. Passive acquired immunity

C. Natural active immunity

D. Passive natural immunity✔

191.The protective effects breast milk are known to be associated

with______________?

A. IgM antibodies

B. Lysozyme

C. Mast cells

D. IgA antibodies✔

192.IL-1 and TNF a during inflammation are secreted by______________?

A. Plasma cells

B. Activated macrophages✔

C. Lymphocytes

D. Platelet

193.Virus infected cell is killed by________________?

A. Interferons✔

B. Macrophages



C. Neutrophils

D. Autolysis

194.Prozone phenomenon is due to______________?

A. Disproportionate antigen antibody levels

B. Excess antigen

C. Excess antibody✔

D. Hyper immune reaction

195.Most sensitive test for antigen detection is_______________?

A. Radioimmuno Assay✔

B. ELISA

C. Immunoflourescence

D. Passive hemaglutination

196.Complement binding immunoglobin via the classical pathway

is_______________?

A. IgG & igM✔

B. IgG & IgA

C. IgG & IgD

D. IgD & IgE

197.Function of Ig A is________________?

A. Acts as a mucosal barrier for infection✔

B. Circulating antibody

C. Kills virus infected cells

D. Activates macrophages

198.Antigen combining site of the antibody is____________________?

A. Idiotope

B. Paratope✔

C. Epitope

D. Hapten



199.Opsonisation is by_______________?

A. IgA

B. IgE

C. IgG

D. IgM

E. Both C & D✔

200.Endotoxins are produced by________________?

A. Fungi

B. Gram +ve bacteria

C. Virus

D. Gram -ve bacteria✔

201.The antigen used in Weil Felix test is obtained from________________?

A. Pseudomonas

A. coli

B. Proteus✔

C. Staphylococcus

202.Most of the drug resistances occurs due to_____________?

A. Transduction

B. Transformation

C. Mutation

D. conjugation✔

203.Spores are disinfected by_______________?

A. Glutaraldehyde

B. Betapropiolactone

C. Formaldehyde

D. Hexachlorophen

E. Both A & C✔



204.Flash pasteurization of milk is done at what

temperature______________?

A. 125°C for new seconds

B. 60°C for 15 minutes

C. 72°C for 5 minutes

D. 72° for 15 – 20 Sec✔

205.Mesophilic organisms are those that grow best at temperature

of______________?

A. -20°C to -7°C

B. -7°C to + 20°C

C. 25°C to 40°C✔

D. 55°C to 80°C

206.The mechanism of genetic transfer where a phage serves as a vehicle

is_______________?

A. Transformation

B. Translation

C. Conjugation

D. Lysogeny✔

207.Dorset’s egg medium is used for cultivation of______________?

A. Staphylococcus

B. Streptococcus

C. Gonococcus

D. Mycobacterium✔

208.Culture medium for corynebacterium diphtheria_______________?

A. Loefflers serum slope✔

B. Mc Conkey

C. Saboraud agar

D. Lowenstein Jensen medium



209.The best skin disinfectant is________________?

A. Chlorhexdine✔

B. Alcohol

C. Savlon


210.The usual concentration of agar used in agar medium

is___________________?

A. 10%

B. 2%✔

C. 5%

D. 15%

211.Louis Pasteur is not associated with_______________?

A. Introduction of complex media

B. Discovery of Rabies Vaccine

C. Discovery of M. Tuberculosis✔

D. Disproved spontaneous regression theory

212.Anaerobic bacteria can be cultured in__________________?

A. L-J medium

B. Robertson cooked meat medium✔

C. Loefflers medium

D. Sabourauds agar

213.Characters of exotoxin include all, except_______________?

A. Protein polysaccharide complex✔

B. Heat labile

C. Highly potent

D. Has specific tissue affinity

214.Following reaction are produced by heterophil antigens

except_____________?



A. Forssman antigen antibody reaction

B. Weil-Felix reaction

C. Paul bunnel reaction

D. Widal reaction✔

215.Adjuvant given along with antigens are going to________________?

A. Increase toxigenicity

B. Increase antigenicity✔

C. Reduce the antigenicity

D. reduce the toxigenicity

216.IgG has subclasses_______________?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4✔

217.Toxoids are_________________?

A. antigenic and toxic

B. antigenic and non-toxic✔

C. non-antigenic and toxic

D. non-antigenic and non-toxic

218.Human immunoglobulins are divided based on_____________?

A. Functional differences

B. Structural differences✔

C. Complemented fixation


219.IgG antibodies have a half-life of approximately_______________?

A. 1 hour

B. 1 day



C. 1 week

D. 1 Month✔

220.The distinguishing characteristic of a positive delayed type

hypersensitivity skin test is______________?

A. Erythema✔

B. Necrosis

C. Induration

D. Vasculitis

221.The medium of choice for growing most fungi is_______________?

A. Blood agar

B. Tissue culture

C. Sabouraud’s agar✔

D. Thioglycollate medium

222.Robertsons cooked meat medium is best suited for cultivation

of_______________?

A. Clostridia✔

B. S. epidermidis

C. Choleria

D. Mycobacterium

223.Dry heat destroys microorganisms by_____________?

A. Lysis

B. Oxidation✔

C. Hydrolysis of DNA

D. Coagulation of proteins

224.The anaphylaxis should be treated first with_____________?

A. Epinephrine✔

B. Steroids



C. Anti histamines

D. Antibiotics

225.Which of the following is not a koch’s postulate ?

A. The bacteria should be able to be isolated from a diseased tissue

B. When inoculated in experimental animals bacteria may or may not

cause disease✔

C. Pure cultures can be obtained

D. Bacteria should be able to be isolated from the diseased tissue in the

experimental animals

226.In penicillin allergy, penicillin acts as a_______________?

A. Hapten✔

B. Carrier

C. Super antigen

D. Toxin

227.Which of the following is not true of boiling water_____________?

A. It can kill hepatitis B virus

B. Used for sterilizing surgical instruments✔

C. Can kill mycobacterium tuberculosis

D. Can kill vegetative bacterial cells

228.Sunlight acts as sterilizing agent because_________________?

A. Long wavelength

B. short wave lenght✔

C. Ozone

D. Heat

229.Tyndallisation is carried out for________________?

A. One day

B. Two successive days



C. 60 minutes

D. Three successive days✔

230.A type of immediately occuring reaction in which antigens combine with

antibodies already attached to the surface of mast cells and basophils is

called_____________?

A. Type I hypersensitivity✔

B. Type II hypersensitivity

C. Type III hypersensitivity

D. Type IV hypersensitivity

231.Best method of sterilizing disposable syringes_______________?

A. Hot air oven

B. U.V. rays

C. Gamma rays✔

D. Boiling

232.Glutaraldehyde is preferred more than formaldehyde

because______________?

A. It has got more bactericidal activity

B. It has got more bacteriostatic activity

C. It has got no deleterious effect on the cement and lenses of

instruments✔

D. Its application is easier

233.Sterilization of liquid paraffin is done by______________?

A. Autoclaving

B. Hot air oven✔

C. UV-Radiation

D. Inspissation

234.Who first introduced solid media_______________?



A. Louis pasteur

B. Robert koch✔

C. Hensen

D. Ogston

235.Disinfection of the rooms can be done by using_______________?

A. 20% phenol

B. High efficiency particle arrestors

C. 40% formaldehyde vapour✔

D. Chlorine gas

236.The component that sensitizes bacteria and virus to UV

irradiation_______________?

A. Lipids

B. Carbohydrates

C. Inorganic salts

D. Nucleic acids✔

237.The difference between sterilization and disinfection is

that_______________?

A. Disinfection kills all spores but sterilization does not

B. Sterilization kills all spores but disinfection does not✔

C. Sterilization involves chemicals and disinfection involves physical

methods

D. Sterilization is easier to achieve

238.Blood agar is________________?

A. Simple media

B. Transport media

C. Enriched media✔

D. Differential media

239.By using phase contrast microscope_______________?



A. Internal structures are differentiated in living cells✔

B. Internal structures are differentiated in dead cells

C. Internal metabolic activities can be observed

D. External capsule formation can be observed

240.Exotoxins are____________________?

A. Lipid-polysaccharide complex

B. Protein compound✔

C. Lipoprotein

D. None

241.Zero growth rate is observed during one of the phase of the bacterial

growth curve______________?

A. Lag

B. Exponential growth

C. Stationary phase✔

D. Decline

242.Hot air oven cannot be used for sterlisling___________________?

A. Clothes

B. Instruments

C. Culture media✔

D. Needles

243.Type of receptor present on T-cells are__________________?

A. Ig A

B. Ig G

C. Prostaglandins

D. CD4✔

244.In patients with asthma due to an allergic cause the serum levels of

which immunoglobulin increase____________________?



A. IgD

B. IgM

C. IgA

D. IgE✔

245.Which of the following immunoglobulins has the highest mean serum

concentration in humans_________________?

A. IgA

B. IgD

C. IgG✔

D. IgM

246.The term animalcules to oral microorganisms is given

by__________________?

A. Wd miller

B. Leumenhoek✔

C. Robertson

D. Socranci

247.Immunoglobulin crossing placenta is_________________?

A. Ig M

B. Ig A

C. Ig G✔

D. Ig D

248.Sterilization is a process in which_________________?

A. Kill all pathogenic micro-organisms

B. Kill all non-pathogenic micro-organisms in the environment

C. Deactivate all pathogens not spores

D. Deactivate all spores and dill pathogenic organism✔

249.The key cell types involved in the acquired immunity include all

EXCEPT________________?



A. B lymphocytes

B. Erythrocytes✔

C. T lymphocytes

D. Antigen presenting cells (APC

250.Complement factor through which common pathway

begins___________________?

A. C3✔

B. C5

C. C2

D. Protein B

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