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What is Microbiology?
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MicrobiologyMicrobiology
Introduction and History
Microbiology – Introduction and HistoryMicrobiology – Introduction and History
Beer
Cheese
Staphylococcal folliculitis
ConjunctivitisChicken pox
What is Microbiology?What is Microbiology?
Categories of MicroorganismsCategories of Microorganisms
BacteriaArchaeansSome algaeProtozoaSome fungiViruses (not technically a living thing)
3 Domains of Life3 Domains of Life
Why do we study Why do we study microorganisms?microorganisms?
1. Live on and in our body. 2. Can make us sick. 3. Would not be here without microbes. 4. Get rid of our wastes. 5. May clean up our messes (i.e. oil spills, ect.). 6. Make many essential elements available to living things. 7. Food source. 8. Aid in digestion. 9. Some used to make medicine (i.e. antibiotics). 10. Important for genetic engineering.
Glowing Pigs and Jellyfish?Glowing Pigs and Jellyfish?
Some Terms to KnowSome Terms to Know
Pathogen vs. NonpathogenIndigenous or Normal Flora Opportunistic PathogensInfectious DiseaseMicrobial Intoxication
What was the first living organism What was the first living organism on earth?on earth?
Cyanobacteria
OR
Archaea
Microbial infections have been Microbial infections have been around for a long time!around for a long time!
3,000 B.C. - Ruma, a Syrian boy, - depiction of polio www.univie.ac.at/cga/art/history.html
Egyptian Mummy www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=mummy-dna-reveal..
Some important Some important historical figures:historical figures:
Anton van LeeuwenhoekAnton van Leeuwenhoek1632-17231632-1723
The “Father of Microbiology” First to see live bacteria and protozoa.
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/leeuwenhoek.html
Microscope consisted of only one lens and was only 3-4 inches long. It required good lighting and a lot of patience.
www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/intro/histo.html
The Theory of Spontaneous The Theory of Spontaneous Generation - AbiogensisGeneration - Abiogensis
Francesco Redi’s Experiment – 17th century facstaff.gpc.edu
Cell Theory (1838)Cell Theory (1838)Schleiden (left) and Schwann (right)Proposed independently that all living
things are made of cells
kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca
BiogenesisBiogenesisProposed by Rudolf Virchow – 1858Life only arises from preexisting life.
kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca
Louis PasteurLouis Pasteur1822-18951822-1895
Discovered what occurs during alcoholic fermentation
Helped disprove spontaneous generation
Termed “aerobes” and “anaerobes”
Discovered Pasteurization Discovered many vaccines Contributed to germ theory
of disease
Germ Theory of DiseaseGerm Theory of Disease
Theory that specific microorganisms cause specific infectious diseases.
For example, the bacteria Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax.
Robert KochRobert Koch1843-19101843-1910
Contributed to germ theory of disease.– Discovered Bacillus anthracis
produces anthrax. Developed methods for fixing,
staining, and photographing bacteria.
Developed methods of cultivating bacteria on solid media.
Was able to obtain pure cultures. Discovered bacteria that cause
tuberculosis and cholera.
Robert KochRobert Koch
Koch’s PostulatesKoch’s Postulates 1. A microorganism must be present in every case of the disease.
2. Isolate microorganism from diseased host and grow in pure culture.
3. Same disease produced when microorganisms from pure culture are inoculated into healthy, susceptible hosts.
4. Same microorganism must be recovered from experimentally infected hosts and grown again in pure culture.
The EndThe End