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T opography and S urface H eat F luxes I nfluence in the E xtratropical C yclones S imulated by RegCM3 on the S outh A tlantic. Michelle S. Reboita , Rosmeri P. da Rocha and Tércio Ambrizzi. Department of Atmospheric Sciences - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Michelle S. ReboitaMichelle S. Reboita,, Rosmeri P. da Rocha Rosmeri P. da Rocha andand
Tércio AmbrizziTércio Ambrizzi
Department of Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of São Paulo – Brazil
TTopography opography and and
SSurface urface HHeat eat FFluxes luxes IInfluence nfluence inin
thethe EExtratropical xtratropical CCyclones yclones
SSimulated imulated byby RegCM3RegCM3 on the on the
SSouth outh AAtlantictlantic
Motivation and ObjectivesMotivation and Objectives
South Atlantic Ocean near the South America east coast South America east is a cyclogenetic region.
The dynamics of the generation of extratropical cyclones in this region is not well understood yet. There is a lack of observational data and numerical experiments.
It will be discussed here the importance of the topography and surface heat turbulent fluxes on the extratropical cyclogenesis during 1990 over the South Atlantic Ocean through regional climate simulations. A climatologically study is under way and it will be presented elsewhere.
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-15Densidade Anual - NCEP ( -1.5x10-5 s-1)Cyclogenetic Density 1990-1999
Density= (systems number/km2) 104
In the color scale 8 ~ 200 systemsSource: Reboita et al., 2007
Source: Sinclair, 1996
DJFMA JJASON
MethodologyMethodology
Four simulations were done with the Regional Climate Model version 3 (RegCM3)
Area: 60º S to 5º S and 84º W to 14 º E
Period: September 1989 to January 1991
Vertical levels: 18
Horizontal resolution: 60 km
Integration time: 120 s
Initial and lateral boundary conditions: NCEP reanalyzes dt = 6 hs
Bottom boundary condition in the ocean: Monthly SST (Reynolds et al., 2002)
Convective Precipitation Scheme: Grell with the Fritsch-Chappell closure (Grell, 1993)
Ocean Flux Parameterization: Zeng (Zeng et al., 1998)
Domínio da Simulação
80oW 70
oW 60
oW 50
oW 40
oW 30
oW 20
oW 10
oW 0
o 10
oE
60oS
55oS
50oS
45oS
40oS
35oS
30oS
25oS
20oS
15oS
10oS
Simulation Domain
1. Control Experiment (ExpCTRL) everything turned on
2. Without topography (ExpTopo) topography in the model = 0
3. Without sensible and latent heat turbulent fluxes over the sea (ExpFlux) the turbulent fluxes were turn off
SimulationsSimulations
4. Without topography in the
South and Southeast of
Brazil and Argentina east
coast (ExpTopo2)
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6000
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Domínio da Simulação
Cyclones TrackingCyclones Tracking
Algorithm: similar to Sinclair (1994, 1995 and 1997)
Cyclones identified through of the relative vorticity minima in the 10 m height wind
Area: 70oW to 10oE and 55oS to 15oS
Tracking only over ocean
Identification Criteria : Threshold -1.5 x 10-5 s-1
Lifetime 24 hs
The cyclones mean density was calculated as the rate of the systems number in 5o x 5o regions by the area using the same procedure as in Murray and Simmonds (1991). To improve the results presentation the output was multiplied by 104.
Domínio da Simulação
80oW 70
oW 60
oW 50
oW 40
oW 30
oW 20
oW 10
oW 0
o 10
oE
60oS
55oS
50oS
45oS
40oS
35oS
30oS
25oS
20oS
15oS
10oS
Tracking Area
ResultsResults
J F M A M J J A S O N D0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40Monthly Total
NCEPExpCTRLExpTopoExpFlux
NCEP ExpCTRL ExpTopo ExpFlux0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350Annual Total b)a)
Annual (a) and monthly (b) totals of the cyclogeneses in the NCEP and in the experiments.
11.8%
34.0%
Decrease8%Increase
Differences between NCEP and ExpCTRL are due the limited area
Cyclogenetic density in 1990-year in: a) NCEP; b) ExpCTRL; c) ExpTopo and d) ExpFlux. Density is equal to (systems number/km2)104. In the color scale 0.8 ~ 20 sytesms.
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-15Densidade Anual - RegCM3
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-15Densidade Anual - ExpFluxo
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-15Densidade Anual - NCEP
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-15Densidade Anual - ExpTopo
a)
c)
b)
d)
Anual Density – ExpCTRL
Annual Density - ExpTopo Annual Density - ExpFlux
Anual Density – NCEP
Maximum toward west
decrease
similar
decrease
decrease
decrease
decrease
Affect south/southeast of
Brazil, south of Argentina and the
central region of the South Atlantic.
Affect South American
east coast
ResultsResults
ExpCTRL and ExpFlux showed similar results in the cyclogenetic density fields over Uruguay suggesting that other dynamic mechanisms such as the baroclinicity and topography effects are more important in this area.
ExpTopo showed a large reduction of cyclogenesis in the Uruguay coast confirming the importance of the Andean mountains to these systems development.
Conceptual model of the SALLJ physical environment during the wet season (Marengo et al. 2004 - JC)
Intensity and direction of the wind at 850 hPa in the Summer (DJF)
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-5Wind in 850 hPa NCEP - Summer/90
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-5Wind in 850 hPa ExpCTRL - Summer/90
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-5Wind in 850 hPa ExpTopo - Summer/90
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-5Wind in 850 hPa ExpFluxo - Summer/90
a) b)
c) d)
Less intense
LLJ disappear
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RG 1
RG 2
RG 3
Domínio da Simulação
Domínio de Análise
Simulation Domain
Analysis Domain
Div(qv) 850 hPa Composites RG1 and RG2
All cyclones that occurred in 1990-year over each region
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Divergência de Umidade na RG1 (dia) - NCEP
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Divergência de Umidade na RG1 (dia -1) - NCEP
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Divergência de Umidade na RG1 (dia +1) - NCEP
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Divergência de Umidade na RG1 (dia -1) - ExpCTRL
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Divergência de Umidade na RG1 (dia) - ExpCTRL
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Divergência de Umidade na RG1 (dia +1) - ExpCTRL
Div(qv) 850 hPa Composites – RG1
NCEP ExpCTRL ExpTopo ExpFlux
All cyclones that occurred in 1990-year over south/southeast of Brazil
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Div(qv) na RG1 (dia) - ExpTopo
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Div(qv) na RG1 (dia -1) - ExpTopo
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Div(qv) na RG1 (dia +1) - ExpTopo
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Div(qv) na RG1 (dia) - ExpFluxo
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Div(qv) na RG1 (dia -1) - ExpFluxo
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Div(qv) na RG1 (dia +1) - ExpFluxo
day (-1)
day (0)
day (+1)
LLJ is not well configuredAnticyclone intensified
LLJ position
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Divergência de Umidade na RG2 (dia) - NCEP
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Divergência de Umidade na RG2 (dia -1) - NCEP
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Divergência de Umidade na RG2 (dia +1) - NCEP
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Divergência de Umidade na RG2 (dia -1) - ExpCTRL
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Divergência de Umidade na RG2 (dia) - ExpCTRL
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0
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Divergência de Umidade na RG2 (dia +1) - ExpCTRL
Div(qv) 850 hPa Composites – RG2
NCEP ExpCTRL ExpTopo ExpFlux
All cyclones that occurred in 1990-year over Uruguay
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Div(qv) na RG2 (dia) - ExpTopo
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Div(qv) na RG2 (dia +1) - ExpTopo
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Div(qv) na RG2 (dia -1) - ExpTopo
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Div(qv) na RG2 (dia) - ExpFluxo
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Div(qv) na RG2 (dia +1) - ExpFluxo
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Div(qv) na RG2 (dia -1) - ExpFluxo day (-1)
day (0)
day (+1)
LLJ position
985990990 990995
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PNM na RG1 (dia) - ExpCTRL
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PNM na RG1 (+ 1) - ExpCTRL
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PNM na RG1 (- 1) - ExpCTRL
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PNM na RG1 (- 1) - NCEP
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PNM na RG1 (dia) - NCEP
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PNM na RG1 (+ 1) - NCEP
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-20
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-5
Mean Sea Level Pressure Composites – RG1
NCEP ExpCTRL
985990990 990995
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1005 10051010
10101010
1010101010101015
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PNM na RG2 (dia) - ExpCTRL
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PNM na RG2 (+ 1) - ExpCTRL
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985990990995 995
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PNM na RG2 (- 1) - ExpCTRL
-80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10-60
-55
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-15
-10
-5
985990
990995 995 995
9951000
10001000
10051005
10051010
10101010
1010
1015
1015
1015
1015
1015
1015
1015
1015 1015
1020
10201020
1020
PNM na RG2 (- 1) - NCEP
-80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
985990
990995 9959951000
1000 10001005
100510051010
1010
1010 1010
10151015
1015
1015
1015
1015
1015
1015 1015
1020
1020
10201020
10201020
1020
PNM na RG2 (dia) - NCEP
-80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
990 990995 995 995
1000 10001000
10051005
1005
1010
1010
10101010
10151015
1015
1015
1015
1015
1015
1015
1015
10201020
1020
10201020
1020
PNM na RG2 (+ 1) - NCEP
-80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10-60
-55
-50
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-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
Mean Sea Level Pressure Composites – RG2
NCEP ExpCTRL
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-15Densidade Anual - RegCM3
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-15Densidade Anual - ExpTopo
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-15Densidade Anual - ExpTopo2ExpCTRL
Annual Density
ExpTopo ExpTopo2
Cyclogenetic density in 1990-year in: ExpCTRL; ExpTopo and ExpTopo2. Density is equal to (systems number/km2)104. In the color scale 0.8 ~ 20 sytesms.
ExpTopo
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Div(qv) na RG1 (dia) - ExpTopo
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Div(qv) na RG1 (dia -1) - ExpTopo
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Div(qv) na RG1 (dia +1) - ExpTopo
ExpTopo2
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Div(qv) na RG1 (dia) - ExpTopo2
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Div(qv) na RG1 (dia +1) - ExpTopo2
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Div(qv) na RG1 (dia -1) - ExpTopo2
RG1
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Divergência de Umidade na RG1 (dia -1) - ExpCTRL
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Divergência de Umidade na RG1 (dia) - ExpCTRL
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Divergência de Umidade na RG1 (dia +1) - ExpCTRL
ExpCTRLday (-1)
day (0)
day (+1)
LLJ is not configured
Anticyclone intensified
ExpTopo
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Div(qv) na RG2 (dia) - ExpTopo
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Div(qv) na RG2 (dia +1) - ExpTopo
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Div(qv) na RG2 (dia -1) - ExpTopo
RG2
ExpTopo2
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Div(qv) na RG2 (dia) - ExpTopo2
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Div(qv) na RG2 (dia -1) - ExpTopo2
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Div(qv) na RG2 (dia +1) - ExpTopo2
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Divergência de Umidade na RG2 (dia -1) - ExpCTRL
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Divergência de Umidade na RG2 (dia) - ExpCTRL
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Divergência de Umidade na RG2 (dia +1) - ExpCTRL
ExpCTRL
day (-1)
day (0)
day (+1)
ConclusionsConclusions
The removal of the topography affected the cyclogeneses in the south/southeast of Brazil and Uruguay because it does not favor the presence of the LLJ which is responsible for the transport of humidity from the Amazon to these regions.
The cyclogeneses in the south/southeast of Brazil and Uruguay depends on the LLJ position.
ExpTopo2 mostra um anticiclone mais intenso que transporta mais umidade para o sul/sudeste do Brasil favorecendo a ciclogenese. Porém, no Uruguai mostra uma pequena redução da densidade ciclogenética em relação ao ExpCTRL. Isto ainda necessita maior investigação.
The latent and sensible heat fluxes removal affected the cyclogeneses in the central region of the South Atlantic, the south/southeast of Brazil and south Argentine but not the Uruguay coast. It shows that the topography plays a more important role in this case.
A ciclogenêse na costa Argentina não foi discutida porque não está associada com a divergência do fluxo de umidade.
AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments
FAPESP 04/02446-7 and CNPq 475281/03-9 for the financial support.
NCEP for providing the dataset.
International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) for the RegCM3 availability.
THANKS!!!THANKS!!!
