Michelle Collins, Ph.D.

HTOC Member

Environmental & Engineering COnsultants

MichelleCollins@EECOinternational.com

+1 407-221-6173

Global Halon Inventory and Alternatives

Remaining Halon Users

Civil Aviation

Military

Oil & Gas Production

Other Commercial & Industry

Remaining Halon Users

Civil Aviation

Remaining Halon Users

Military

Remaining Halon Users

Oil & Gas Production

Remaining Halon Users

Other Commercial & Industry

Halons

HCFCs

HFCs

Not-in-Kind

No Suppression System

Fire Suppression Alternatives

First (Voluntary) M.P. commitment

Research & Development push

Global Warming considerations

Significantly reduced applications

Essential Use v.s. Critical Application

Phaseout Impacts

~ 41,000 t in “Global Bank”

17,000 t – Japan

4,600 t – U.S. Military

1,500 t – Oil & Gas Production

4,000* t – Civil Aviation

Global Halon 1301 Inventory

41,000 t

- 17,000 t

- 4,600 t

- 1,500 t

- 4,000* t

~ 14,000 t

1. All Halon will be available

2. Quality and Accessibility

3. Military Uses (not U.S.)

4. Shipbreaking is limited

5. Emissions 5% for Civil Aviation

6. Emissions 3% for all Others

Assumptions

-

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

14.000

2014 2019 2024 2029 2034 2039

Ton

ne

s o

f H

alo

n 1

30

1

Aviation Demand Deficit

Total Aviation Demand

Computer Facilities

Maritime

Aviation Bank

Civil Aviation Runs out of Halon 1301

Currently 2,200 t in aircraft

Aircraft lifetimes of 20-40 years

Newly produced aircraft - Halon 1301

Cannot be “retrofitted”

Not enough halon 1301!

Civil Aviation Halon 1301

Halon 1211 = 1,860

Halon 1301 = 7,030

HCFC Blend B = 650

HFC-227ea = 3,350

HFC-125 = 3,170

HFC-23 = 14,310

HFC-236fa = 9,500

FK-5-1-12 = <1

GWPs of halons and alternatives

Streaming Alternatives = 6%

Total Flooding Alternatives = 3%

Halon Alternatives Emission Rates

In 2015 in the USA:

Total GHG emissions = 6,587 MMt CO2 equiv.

Fluorinated gases = 3% (197 MMt CO2)

Fire Protection = 0.608 MMt CO2 = 0.3% of the 3%!!

82% of HFC sales for recharge in 2016 from recycled HFCs

Globally - adequate supplies of Halon 1211

There are Alternatives for all Applications

Virtually No R&D for more Alternatives

Industry is producing aircraft that will require

Halon 1301 for the next 50 years

Not enough Halon 1301 to meet the Civil Aviation needs beyond ~ 2030

Conclusions