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UNIT I BASIC MEASUREMENT CONCEPTS 9

Measurement systems Static and dynamic characteristics units and standards ofmeasurements error :- accuracy and precision, types, statistical analysis moving coil,moving iron meters multimeters Bridge measurements : Maxwell, Hay, Schering,

Anderson and ien !ridge"

UNIT II BASIC ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS 9

#lectronic multimeters $athode ray oscilloscopes !loc% schematic applications special oscilloscopes: delayed time !ase oscilloscopes, analog and digital storage&scilloscope, sampling oscilloscope ' meters (ector meters )* voltage and+ower measurements rue )MS meters"

UNIT III SIGNAL GENERATORS AND ANALYZERS 9

*unction generators pulse and suare wave generators, )* signal generators Sweep generators *reuency synthesi.er wave analy.er Harmonic distortionanaly.er spectrum analy.er :- digital spectrum analy.er, (ector /etwor% Analy.er

0igital 1,$,) measurements, 0igital )1$ meters"

UNIT IV DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS 9

$omparison of analog and digital techniues digital voltmeter multimeters freuency counters measurement of freuency and time interval extension offreuency range Automation in digital instruments, Automatic polarity indication,automatic ranging, automatic .eroing, fully automatic digital instruments, $omputercontrolled test systems, (irtual instruments"

UNIT V DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS AND FIBER OPTIC MEASUREMENTS 9

#lements of a digital data acuisition system interfacing of transducers multiplexing data loggers computer controlled instrumentation 2### 344 !us fi!er optic

measurements for power and system loss optical time domains reflectometer"

TOTAL= 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS:

1.Al!ert 0"Helfric% and illiam 0"$ooper Modern #lectronic 2nstrumentation andMeasurement echniues, +earson 5 +rentice Hall of 2ndia, 6778"2. #rnest &" 0oe!elin, Measurement Systems- Application and 0esign, MH, 6778"REFERENCES:

9" oseph "$arr, #lements of #lectronics 2nstrumentation and Measurement, +earson#ducation, 677;"6" Alan" S" Morris, +rinciples of Measurements and 2nstrumentation, 6nd #dition,+rentice Hall of 2ndia, 677;"

;" 0avid A" Bell, #lectronic 2nstrumentation and measurements, +rentice Hall of 2ndia+vt 1td, 677;"3" B"$" /a%ra and

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13. -ame the types of instruments used for ma/in *o!tmeter and ammeter.PMM# typeMoving iron typeDynamometer type

'ot wire type!lectrostatic typeInduction type.

14. 0tate the ad*antaes of MM' instruments(niform scale.

)o hysterisis loss*ery accurate'igh effuiciency.

1". 0tate the disad*antaes of MM' instruments

#annot be used for ac m+s,ome errors are caused by temperature variations.

1$. 0tate the app!ications of MM' instrumentsm+s of dc voltage and currentused in dc galvanometer.

1&. o the rane of instrument can be etended in MM' instruments.In ammeter by connecting a shunt resisterIn voltmeter by connecting a series resister.

1(. 0tate the ad*antaes of #ynamometer type instruments#an be used for both dc and ac m+s.-ree from hysterisis and eddy current errors.

1+. 0tate the ad*antaes of Mo*in iron type instrumentsess e$pensive#an be used for both dc and ac"easonably accurate.

2,. 0tate the ad*antaes of ot ire type instruments#an be used for both dc and ac

(naffected by stray magnetic fields"eadings are independent of frequency and waveform.

art B

1. #iscuss different type of 0tandards of measurement? c!assify and ep!ain the different type of0tandards of measurement?"ef/ Pg no/102 to 101 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

2. #iscuss basic characteristics of measurin de*ices?"ef/ Pg no/103 to 1024 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

3. #efine and ep!ain ith eamp!es the different types of possib!e errors in measurement?

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"ef/ Pg no/101 to 105 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

4. With neat diaram ep!ain the construction or/in torque equation and ad*antaes disad*antaes of MM' instrument?"ef/ Pg no/2014 to 2016 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

". Ep!ain any one bride circuit for measurement of inductance?"ef/ Pg no/04 to 01 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

Unit IIBasic E!ectronic measurements

1. What are the constructiona! parts of dynamometer type attmeter?-i$ed coilMoving #oil

#urrent limiting resister'elical spring,pindle attached with pointer7raduated scale

2. Write don the def!ectin torque equation in dynamometer type attmeter.Td 8 *I #os9

3. 0tate the disad*antaes of #ynamometer type attmeter."eadings may be affected by stray magnetic fields.&t low power factor it causes error.

4. -ame the errors caused in #ynamometer type attmeter.!rror due to pressure coil inductance!rror due to pressure coil capacitance!rror due to methods of connection!rror due to stray magnetic fields!rror due to eddy current.

". o the errors caused by pc inductance is compensated.y connecting a capacitor in parallel to the resister.

$. o the errors caused by methods of connection is compensatedy using compensating coil.

&. -ame the methods used for poer measurement in three phase circuits.:i;ngle wattmeter method:ii; wattmeter method:iii; wattmeter method.

(. What are the specia! features to be incorporated for %5 attmeter?Pressure coil circuit#ompensation for Pressure coil current

#ompensation for Pressure coil inductance.

+. #efine hantom !oadin.

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Method by which energi

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3. Ep!ain ith b!oc/ diaram of 0eep frequency enerator .


4. Ep!ain ith b!oc/ diaram of dua! beam osci!!oscope.


". Ep!ain ith b!oc/ diaram of dua! trace osci!!oscope.

"ef/ Pg no/6025to 604 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

$. Ep!ain the or/in princip!e of a *ector *o!tmeter ith the he!p of a neat b!oc/ #iaram"ef/ Pg no/505 to 5062 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

&. With a neat b!oc/ diaram ep!ain the function of a enera! purpose osci!!oscope"ef/ Pg no/60 to 6012 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

(. Ep!ain different types of poer measurement."ef/ Pg no/6062 to 6063 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

Unit III0ina! enerators and 6na!y:ers

1. What is the basic princip!e used in potentiometer.In potentiometer the un%nown emf is measured by comparing it with a std %nown emf.

2. -ame the potentiometer materia! used.

7erman silverManganin wire

3. #efine standardi:ation.It is the process by which ad>usting the current flows through the potentiometer coil to ma%e the voltageacross the std cell is equal.

4. 0tate the app!ications of potentiometer.(sed for m+s of un%nown emf(sed for ammeter calibration(sed for *oltmeter calibration

(sed for wattmeter calibration

". 0tate the ad*antaes of crompton potentiometer.More accurate!asy to ad>ust

$. What are the practica! difficu!ties in ac potentiometers.More complicated&ccuracy is seriously affectedDifficulty is e$perienced in standardi

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(. o the phase an!e is measured in po!ar type potentiometers.It is measured from the position of phase shifter.

+. -ame some ac potentiometers.

Drysdale Tinsley potentiometer 7all Tinsley potentiometer

1,. 0tate the ad*antaes of ac potentiometers.#an be used for m+s of both magnitude and phase angle#an be used for m+s of inductance of the coil.It is used in m+s of errors in #T,

11. 0tate the app!ications of ac potentiometers.M+s of self inductance.&mmeter calibration*oltmeter calibration

?attmeter calibration.

12. 0tate the ad*antaes of instrument transformers.(sed for e$tension of rangePower loss is minimum'igh voltage and currents can be measured.

13. 0tate the disad*antae of instrument transformers.#annot be used for dc measurements.

14. What are the constructiona! parts of current transformer?Primary winding,econdary windingMagnetic core.

1". -ame the errors caused in current transformer."atio errorPhase angle error

1$. #efine ratio error.The ratio of energy component current and secondary current is %nown as the

ratio error.

1&. o the phase an!e error is created.It is mainly due to magneti

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2,. o the '9 and 9 are connected in the circuits.#T is connected in series and PT is connected in parallel.

art B

1. Ep!ain 75 sina! enerators ith neat boc/ diaram.

"ef/ Pg no/ 3013 to 3026 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

2. Ep!ain ith b!oc/ diaram of seep enerators.

"ef/ Pg no/ 305 to 305= Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

3. Ep!ain the a*e ana!y:er

"ef/ Pg no/ =01 to =05 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

4. #ra and ep!ain the or/in of spectrum ana!y:er"ef/ Pg no/ =03 to=012 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

". Ep!ain the frequency synthesi:er in detai!."ef/ Pg no/ 305= to 3062 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

$. #escribe the or/in of function enerator ith the a b!oc/ diaram

"ef/ Pg no/ 30= to 3054 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

Unit I;#iita! Instruments

1. '!assify resistance.ow resistancMedium resistance'igh resistance

2. What is the rane of medium resistance?

"esistance of about 1 ohm to 144 %ilo ohms are called medium resistance.3. -ame the methods used for !o resistance measurement.&mmeter @ voltmeter methodPotentiometer methodAelvin double bridge methodBhm meter method.

4. -ame the methods used for medium resistance measurement&mmeter @ voltmeter method,ubstitution method

?heatstone bridge method#arey foster bridge method.

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". Where hih resistance m

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1&. o resistance is measured by usin ohm meter method.,eries ohm meter method,hunt ohm meter method.

1(. o resistance is measured in !oss of chare method.In this method a capacitor is charged and discharged for a specifictime period and from this resistance is measured.

1+. 0tate the ba!ance equation used in bride methods.The product of opposite branch resistances are equal.

2,. 0tate the ad*antaes of price>s uard ire method.In this method lea%age current does not flows through the meter and therefore itgives accurate reading.

21. o the earth resistance is measured.y using earth megger the value of surface earth resistance can be measured.

art B1. #iscuss brief!y *arious types of diita! *o!tmeters

"ef/ Pg no/ 05 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

2. Ep!ain ith b!oc/ diaram the operation of 7amp type #;M."ef/ Pg no/ 0 to 012 Measurements and Instrumentation by ba%shi

3. Ep!ain the or/in of a diita! mu!timeter ith a schematic b!oc/ diaram."ef/ Pg no/ 02= to 02 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

4. #ra and ep!ain the circuit of diita! frequency meter"ef/ Pg no/ 01 to 03 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

". Write note on measurement errors in frequency counter"ef/ Pg no/ 0 to 054 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

Unit ;

#ata acquisition systems and fiber optic measurements

1. 0tate the use of ac brides. bridges are used for the m+s of self and mutual inductance and capacitance.

2. 0tate the ba!ance equation used in ac brides.The product of opposite branch impedances are equal.

3. -ame the bride circuits used for the m

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4. -ame the bride circuits used for the ms bride.The balance equation is dependent of frequency and therefore any changes infrequency will affect the m+s.

13. 0tate the use of Wein bride.It is used for the m+s of un%nown capacitance and frequency.

14. What is the use of 'ampbe!! bride?This is used for the m+s of mutual inductance.

1". What is meant by inductometer?The std variable mutual inductance meter is called as inductometer.

1$. #efine @factor of the coi!.

It is the ratio between power stored in the coil to the power dissipated in the coil.

1&. -ame the components of iron !oss.

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!ddy current loss'ysterisis loss.

1(. -ame the fau!ts that occurs in cab!es.rea% down of cable insulation

,hort circuit faultBpen conductor fault.

1+. -ame the !oop test methods used in !ocation of fau!t.Murray loop test*arley loop test.

2,. o !ea/ae errors are minimi:ed in ac bride circuits.y using high grade insulation.

art B

1. With the he!p of b!oc/ diaram ep!ain diita! data acquisition system"ef/ Pg no/ 1405 to 1406 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

2. Ep!ain diita! to ana!o mu!tip!ein"ef/ Pg no/ 1401 to 14015 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

3. )i*e a b!oc/ diaram of computer based data acqutistion system. Ep!ain each b!oc/e!aborate!y


4. Ep!ain sequence of operation in case of IEEE 4(( bus system"ef/ Pg no/ 11014 to 11012 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

". What are the ad*antaes of the optica! time domine ref!ectometer A89#7 o*era system !oss measurement technique?


B.E

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2. What is a transfer instrument?

The instrument which can transfer one form of measurement value to another form.

3. o is the e!ectron beam focused to a fine spot on the face of the cathode ray tube?

The electron gun section of the cathode ray tube provides a sharply focused electron beam

directed towards the fluorescent coated screen and it appears to be a visible spot.

4. %ist the disad*antaes of ana!o storae cathode ray tube

The waveform can be preserved for finite amount of time only

&s long as the image must be storedC the power must be supplied to the tube.

It is not finite

?riting rate of storage tube is less

It is e$pensive It requires additional power supply.

". )i*e the functions of an attenuator in a sina! enerator

The attenuator provides amplitude control. &ttenuator is a device which reduces the power

level of the signal by fi$ed amount.

$. What are the drabac/s of tuned circuit ana!y:er?

Tuning must be correctC tuning elements must of proper values.

&. What is the importance of ate time in frequency counter?

If the frequency to be measured is lowC then the accuracy of the frequency counter decreases

as less number of pulses are connected to the gating circuit. Thus in low frequency region it is

better to measure period rather than frequency.

(. o is trier time error reduced?

1. Bscillator calibration error can be overcome by using simple calibration technique.

2. #rystal stability error can be reduced by using long gate times such as 14s and

144s during frequency measurements.

+. #istinuish beteen ana!o and diita! data acquisition systems

6na!o when the lower accuracy is tolerable or when wide frequency bandwidth is needed it

is used.

#iita! if the quantity to be measured has very narrow bandwidth. ?hen the high accuracy

with low per channel cost is required it is used.

1,. o much e!apsed time ou!d occur to ref!ection from a brea/ in an optica! fiber of1.4=m if the inde of refraction of the core as 1.""?

! F hc+G

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679 B A"G1$ H (,

11 ai With a neat diaram ep!ain in detai! the construction of a MM' instrument.


ii o do you measure !are currents in MM' instruments?


iii What is 6yrton 0hunt?

"ef/ Pg no/ 2023 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi87

bAi #iscuss in detai! about =e!*in doub!e bride


Aii Ep!ain about ay bride in detai!


12 a With a neat diaram ep!ain about ramp type and 0uccessi*e approimation

#;M.

"ef/ Pg no/ 03 to 011 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi87

b With a neat diaram ep!ain about ;ector impedance Meter.


13Aa With a neat diaram ep!ain about frequency di*ider type of sina!

enerator ith frequency modu!ation

"ef/ Pg no/ 302= to 302 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi87

AbAi Ep!ain enera! purpose spectrum ana!y:er


Aii Ep!ain phase !oc/ed circuit for the first !oca! osci!!ator of a spectrum

ana!y:er.

"ef/ Pg no/ =016 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

14 aAi What method can be used to increase the frequency rane of frequency

counter.


Aii o can this be achie*ed ithout deradin the accuracy of counter?


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87

b #iscuss about Ai )atin error Aii 9ime based error and 9rier !e*e! error.

Aiii Maimum accuracy achie*ed for frequency measurement.


1"aAi What are the requirements of 6utomatic test system.


Aii Ep!ain about IEEE 4(( system.


87

bWith a neat b!oc/ diaram ep!ain Ai 8ptica! poer meter.

Aii6uto ranin oer meter.

Aiii 89#7


B.E

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and the vertical or L0direction. Thus an electron beam producing a spot can be used to

produce two dimensional displays thus #"B is regarded as K0L recorder.

". What are the requirements of sina! enerator?

The output frequency of signal generator should be very stable.

&mplitude of the o+pt signal should be controllable.

&mplitude of the o+pt signal should be stable

'armonic content in the o+pt should be as low as possible

!ffect of humC noiseC >itter and modulation should be negligible.

$. What is rea! time spectrum ana!yser?

The spectrum analy

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11. a. Ai Ep!ain types of errors and a!so discuss their causes and remedies.

Aii 6 resistance is measured by *o!tmeter ammeter method. 6mmeter shos 3.226

on a 1,6 sca!e and the *o!tmeter shos +$.$; on 3,, *o!ts rane. Both ammeter

and *o!tmeter are uaranteed to be accurate ithin K ,." L of fu!! sca!e readin.

5ind the indicated *a!ue of resistance and the !imitin error ithin hich you can

uarantee the resu!t.

"ef/ Pg no/ 102 to 105 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi87

b. Ai Ep!ain ho 0cherin bride is used for the measurement of un/non

capacitor. #eri*e its ba!ance equation.

Aii Ep!ain ho the qua!ity factor can be obtained usin 0cherin bride?


12. a. Ai #ra and ep!ain the b!oc/ diaram of diita! storae osci!!oscope

and the modes of operation of diita! storae osci!!oscope.


Aii What are %issaJous patterns? o are they used for frequency measurement?


87b. i Ep!ain ho the @ meter can be used for the measurement of @ factor and

effecti*e resistance and discuss the sources of error.

ii 6 coi! ith a resistance of 1, is connected in the direct measurement mode.

7esonance occurs hen the osci!!ation frequency is 1., M: and the resonatin

capacitor is ser at $" p5. 'a!cu!ate the L error introduced in the ca!cu!ated *a!ue

of @ by the ,.,2 insertion resistance.


13. a i #ra and ep!ain the b!oc/ diaram of seep enerator co*erin entire

frequency band

ii What is mar/er enerator? o does it o*ercome the disad*antaes of a

seep enerator?


87

b i #escribe the operation of a superheterodyne spectrum ana!y:er?

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ii What is the dynamic rane of a spectrum ana!y:er ith a third order intercept

point of N 2"db and a noise !e*e! of (" db?


14. a i With a neat schematic ep!ain the operation of a dua! s!ope ana!o to

diita! con*ersion


ii 6 dua! s!ope 6#' uses a 1$ bit counter and a 4M: c!oc/ rate. 9he maimum

input *o!tae is H1,;. the maimum interator o

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B.E

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$. What is the minimum detectab!e sina! of a spectrum ana!y:er ith a noise fiure of

2,db and usin a 1=: 3db fi!ter?

&. What are the prob!ems that are associated ith the measurement of pu!sed sina!s?

(. Ep!ain ho presca!aer can be used to etend the rane of a frequency counter.

+. What !imits the data rate in the IEEE 4(( bus?

1,. What is the acceptance an!e of a fiber ith a core inde of refraction of 1.4& and a

c!addin inde of refraction of 1.4"?

679 F B A"G1$H(,

11 a i #escribe types of standards of measurement"ef/ Pg no/ 102 to 101 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

ii Ep!ain the b!oc/ diaram of a true 7M0 readin *o!tmeter.


87b i Ep!ain the or/in of a hay bride and ho is it different from Mae!! bride?

Mention its ad*antaes and disad*antaes.


ii Which ac bride is used for measurements of capacitance and ep!ain its

measurement procedure.


12 a i #escribe the basic e!ements of an e!ectronic mu!timeter.


ii Ep!ain the e!ectrostatic focusin system of a '79.


87

b i Ep!ain the @meter measurement of a hih impedance component in the para!!e!

connection.


ii Ep!ain in detai! 75 *o!tae and poer measurements.

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13. a i What is a ideband seep enerator? What are its basic e!ements and ep!ain its

or/in ith a b!oc/ diaram.


ii Ep!ain the indirect method of frequency synthesis ith a neat diaram.


87

b i #ra and discuss the functiona! b!oc/ diaram of the heterodyne a*e ana!y:er.


ii Ep!ain the app!ications of the spectrum ana!y:er in detai!.

"ef/ Pg no/ =013 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

14. a i Ep!ain the basic b!oc/ diaram of a frequency counter.

ii Ep!ain the effects on accuracy and reso!ution for frequency counter ith fied

modu!us presca!ar.


87

b i #ra and ep!ain the circuit arranement for time period measurement.


ii Ep!ain the or/in of a manua!!y tuned heterodyne frequency con*erter for

etendin the frequency rane of frequency counters.


1". a #escribe the schematic representation of the IEEE 4(( instrumentation bus

in detai!.


87

b i With a b!oc/ diaram ep!ain optica! time domain ref!ectometer."ef/ Pg no/ 2011 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

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ii Ep!ain automatic test system to ana!y:e a radio recei*er ith a b!oc/

diaram.


B.E

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$. #ra the b!oc/ diaram of spectrum ana!y:er.


&. What are the ad*antaes of diita! instruments o*er ana!o instruments?

They are very easy to read. ,ince there are very few moving parts in the electronic instrumentsC they are

usually more accurate than the analogue instruments. !ven the human errorinvolved in reading these instruments is very lessC which adds to the accuracyof digital instruments.

The electronic items tend to be cheaper than the mechanical items.

The data from the instruments can be recorded for future reference. The output of the digital devices can be obtained in the computer

(. What are the different types of diita! *o!tmeter?

-on interatin type

Interatin type

+. #ra the b!oc/ diaram of #iita! #ata 6cquisition 0ystem.

"ef/ Pg no/ 55Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

1,. What are the /ey features of fu!!y automatic diita! instruments?

679 F B A"G1$H(,11. Aa Ai What is the need for standards of measurements? o they are

c!assified? Ep!ain A(


Aii o the un/non frequency is measured usin Wein bride

method? A(

"ef/ Pg no/113 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

8r

Ab Ai What are the different types of errors in measurement? Ep!ain? A(

"ef/ Pg no/= Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

Aii o do you measure the un/non inductance usin ey Bride? A(


12. Aa Ai #ra the b!oc/ diaram of samp!in osci!!oscope and ep!ain the

princip!e.

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"ef/ Pg no/= Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shiA(

AiiEp!ain the measurement of qua!ity factor of a coi! A(


8r

Ab Ai #iscuss the measurement of #' and 6' *o!taes and currents usin an

E!ectronic Mu!timeter. A(

"ef/ Pg no/53= Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

Aii #ra the b!oc/ diaram of 9rue 7M0 readin *o!tmeter and ep!ain its

operation. A("ef/ Pg no/2=4 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

13. Aa Ai Ep!ain ho function enerator enerates sine a*e trianu!ar a*e

and square a*e. A(


Aii #ra the b!oc/ diaram of seepfrequency enerator and ep!ain. A(


8r

Ab Ai What is a*e ana!y:er? o it ana!y:es the harmonics? Ep!ain. A(


Aii Ep!ain the *ector netor/ ana!y:er and !ist its app!ication. A(


14. Aa Ai o computer contro!!ed measurement system is used for testin radio

recei*er? A(


Aii What is *irtua! instrument? %ist the ad*antaes of *irtua! instrument

o*er con*entiona! instrument A(

8r

Ab Ai With necessary diarams ep!ain 7amp type diita! *o!tmeter. A(


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Aii #ra the b!oc/ diaram of diita! frequency meter and ep!ain. A(


1". Aa Ai What are the factors to be considered hi!e interfacin transducers to

e!ectronic contro! and measurin systems? A(

"ef/ Pg no/ 5=1 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

Aii #ra the b!oc/ schematic representation of the IEEE 4((

instrumentation bus and ep!ain. A(


8r

Ab Ai Ep!ain the optica! time domain ref!ectometer ith a neat diaram. A(


Aii Write a detai!ed note on data !oers. A(


B.E

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signal by fi$ed amount.&. %ist any to ad*antaes of the #;M.

*ery high speed of the order of 144 readings per second possible.The method of &D# is ine$pensive.The resolution up to 6 significant digits are possible.

(. What are the components required for a computeroperated test system?Programmable attenuatorC filtersC &+D converterC local oscillatorC I- filters.

+. What are data !oers?The data logger is the application of a data acquisition system. The basic function of data

logger is to automatically ma%e the record of the readings of the various instrumentslocated atdifferent parts of the plant.1,. What is the *e!ocity of !iht in a !ass ith an inde of refraction of 1.3(?

679 F B A"G1$H(,11.a i #ra the schematic diaram of a bride hich is used for measurin the hih

@ coi!s and deri*e the ba!ance condition.A1,"ef/ Pg no/5031Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

ii 9he ac bride is in ba!ance ith the fo!!oin constants arm 6B 7 H 4", ohmQarm B' 7 H 3,, ohm in series ith ' H ,.2$" micro faradQ arm '# un/nonQarm #6 7 H 2,, ohm in series ith % H 1".+m. 9he osci!!ator frequency is 1 /:.5ind the constants of arm '#.A$

"ef/ Pg no/5011Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi8r

i Ep!ain the different types of errors in measurement.


ii6 ,1 m6 ammeter has 1,, di*isions hich can easi!y be used to the nearest di*ision.What is the reso!ution of the meter? A$

"ef/ Pg no/ 10=Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

12.a What is @meter? Ep!ain the different measurement methods."ef/ Pg no/ 50 to 50 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

8r

b With a neat diaram ep!ain the function of 0torae osci!!oscope. A1$


13.a #ra the b!oc/ diaram of pu!se a*e enerator and ep!ain."ef/ Pg no/302 to 306 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

8r

b #ra the b!oc/ diaram a enera! purpose spectrum ana!y:er and ep!ain.A1$"ef/ Pg no/ =03 to =012 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

14. a Ep!ain the fo!!oin i 5requency counters


ii eriod measurement

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"ef/ Pg no/05Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi8r

b Ep!ain ho dua!s!ope 6

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DI7IT& &)&B7

accurate )ot accurate

'igh speed ow speed

Bccurrence of error is less Bccurrence of error is more

!asy to read the readings difficult to read the readings

+. %ist the *arious e!ements of a diita! acquisition system.

a; Transducersb; ,ignal conditionersc; Multiple$ersd; ,ignal converterse; &+D converterf; &u$iliary equipmentsg; Digital recorders

1,. What is meant by transducers?

& device which converts a physical quantity into the proportional electrical signal is called atransducer.

679 F B A"G1$H(,

11. a )i*e the detai! ana!ysis and ep!ain the fo!!oin terms.

i Mo*in coi! meters

"ef/ Pg no/ 2014 to 2016 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shiiiMo*in iron meters


8r

b #escribe in detai! about the *arious bride measurement system."ef/ Pg no/502 to 5064 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

12. a i )i*e the detai! comparison tab!e beteen diita! storae osci!!oscope and ana!ostorae osci!!oscope.


ii #escribe in detai! about the 75 *o!tae and poer measurement instruments.

"ef/ Pg no/3013 to 302=Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi8r

b 0/etch the basic b!oc/ diaram of a diita! storae osci!!oscope and ep!ain theoperation.

"ef/ Pg no/60 to 6055Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

13. a Ep!ain in detai! about the operation of the fo!!oin items ith neat diaram.

i ;ector -etor/ 6na!y:er"ef/ Pg no/ 226 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

ii Wa*e 6na!y:er.

"ef/ Pg no/ 225 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi8r

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b Ep!ain in detai! about the operation of the fo!!oin items ith neat diaram.

i armonic #istortion 6na!y:er"ef/ Pg no/=02 to =0Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

ii 0pectrum 6na!y:er."ef / Pg no/=03 to =012 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

14. a Ep!ain the architecture of computer contro!!ed ;irtua! instrumentation andmention its app!ications in *arious fie!ds.

"ef/ Pg no/1102 to 1101Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

8r

b Write short notes on the fo!!oin topics.

i 6utomatic po!arity indication"ef/ Pg no/201 to 202 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

ii 6utomatic ranin"ef/ Pg no/204 to 201Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

iii 6utomatic :eroin."ef/ Pg no/ 202 to 20 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

1". a i Brief!y discuss about the IEEE4(( bus.


ii #ra the b!oc/ diaram of data !oers and ep!ain in detai!.

"ef/ Pg no/=0 to =014 Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

8r

b #escribe in detai! about the fiber optic measurements for poer and system !oss."ef/ Pg no/1201 to 12011Measurements and Instrumentation by a%shi

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M&I QB.doc