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Metric System (SI Units)“I’m ten times better than the
Standard system of measurement!”
Metric System
The metric system is based on a base unit that corresponds to a certain type of
measurement.
BASE UNIT MEASURES
Meter Length
Liter Volume
Gram Mass
Metric System
Prefixes plus base units make up the metric system!
PREFIX …PLUS BASE UNIT
Kilo - Kilo+gram = Kilogram
Hecto - Hecto+liter = hectoliter
Deka - Deka+gram = dekagram
Deci - Deci+liter = deciliter
Centi - Centi+meter = centimeter
Milli - Milli+meter = milliliter
Metric System
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
Metric SystemThe three prefixes that we will use the most are:
– Kilo = i.e. - kilometer, kilogram– Centi = i.e. - centimeter, centigram– Milli = i.e. - milliliter, milligram
Metric SystemSo, if you needed to measure length you would choose ? as your base unit
meter– Length of a tree branch
• 1.5 meters – Length of a room
• 5 meters – Length of a ball of twine stretched out
• 25 meters
Metric SystemBut what if you need to measure a longer distance, like from your house to school?
– Let’s say you live approximately 1 mile from school• 1 mile = 1609 meters
– 1609 is a big number, but what if you add a prefix to the base unit, you make it easier to manage:• 1609 meters = 1.609 kilometers
Metric SystemThe prefixes are based on powers of 10.
What does this mean?From each prefix every “step” in the chart is either:
• 10 times larger (to the right) than the base unit or
• 10 times smaller (to the left) than the base unit
1 10
100 1000
.10.01.001
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
Metric SystemBecause all of the unit relationships in the metric
system are based on multiples of ten, it is easy to convert between units; just multiply or divide by
10!For example:
• Centimeters are 10 times larger than millimetersSo..• 1 centimeter = 10 millimeters
1 10
100 1000
.10.01.001
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
Metric System
1 centimeter = 10 millimeters
1 mm
1 mm
1 mm
1 mm
1 mm
1 mm
1 mm
1 mm
1 mm
1 mm
1 cm
40
41
41
40
Metric SystemFor example, let’s go from a base unit to centi-• For each “step” to right, you are multiplying by
10.
1 liter(base) = 10 deciliters = 100 centiliters( 1 x 10 = 10) = (10 x 10 = 100)
1 100
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
10
Metric SystemLets Try:2 grams = 20 decigrams = 200 centigrams
(2 x 10 = 20) = (20 x 10 = 200)
1 100
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
10
Metric SystemAnother way to move within the metric system is by moving the decimal point
one place for each “step” desired.
1 100
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
10
Metric SystemExample: change meters to millimeters
1.0 meter =
1 100
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
10
Metric SystemExample: change meters to millimeters
1.0 m = 10.0 decimeters
1 100
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
10
Metric SystemExample: change meters to millimeters
1.0 m = 10.0 dm
1 100
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
10
Metric SystemExample: change meters to millimeters
1.0 m = 10.0 dm = 100 centimeters
1 100
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
10
Metric SystemExample: change meters to millimeters
1.0 m = 10.0 dm = 100.0 centimeters
1 100
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
10
Metric SystemExample: change meters to millimeters
1.0 m = 10.0 dm = 100.0 cm = 1000 millimeters
1 100
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
10
Metric SystemSo for every “step” from the base unit
to milli, we moved the decimal1 place to the right.
1 100
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
10 1000
Metric SystemNow let’s try converting meters to kilometers.We’ll use our previous example: the distance
traveled from your house to school…..1609 meters = ? kilometers
1 100
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
10 1000.1.01
.001
Metric System1609 meters = ? Kilometers
For every “step” from the base unit to kilo, we moved the decimal 1 place to the left.
1 100
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
10 1000.1.01
.001
Metric System1609 meters = ? Kilometers
For every “step” from the base unit to kilo, we moved the decimal 1 place to the left.
1 100
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
10 1000.1.01
.001
1609.
Metric System1609 meters = ? Kilometers
For every “step” from the base unit to kilo, we moved the decimal 1 place to the left.
1 100
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
10 1000.1.01
.001
1609.
160.9
Metric System1609 meters = ? Kilometers
For every “step” from the base unit to kilo, we moved the decimal 1 place to the left.
1 100
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
10 1000.1.01
.001
1609.
160.9
16.09
Metric System1609 meters = ? Kilometers
For every “step” from the base unit to kilo, we moved the decimal 1 place to the left.
1 100
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
10 1000.1.01
.001
1609.
160.9
16.09
1.609
Metric System1609 meters = 1.609 Kilometers
For every “step” from the base unit to kilo, we moved the decimal 1 place to the left.
1 100
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
10 1000.1.01
.001
1609.
160.9
16.09
1.609
Metric SystemIf you move to the left (in the “steps” chart), move the decimal to the left
If you move to the right (in the “steps” chart), move the decimal to the right
1 100
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
10 1000.1.01
.001
Metric SystemNow, let’s start from centimeters and convert to kilometers
400000 centimeters = ?
400000. centimeters = 4.00000 kilometers
1 100
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
10 1000.1.01
.001
Metric SystemSummary
– Base units in the metric system are meter, liter, gram
– Metric system is based on powers of 10– For conversions within the metric system, each
“step” is 1 decimal place to the right or left– Using the conversion chart below, converting to the
right, moves the decimal to the right and vice versa.
1 100
Kilo- Hecto- Deka-
BASE UNITMeterGramliter
Deci- Centi- Milli-
10 1000.1.01
.001