Methods and data analysis

Inclusion criteria: Adults (≥16yr), >12 months on 1st line ART, one or more VL ≥ 1000 copies/ml

Genotyping was done using the SATuRN/Life Technologies protocol

The HIVDB Algorithm ver 6.0.5 was used for genotype interpretation

Genotypic susceptibility scores (GSS) to the recommended standard 2nd line regimen.

Univariate analyses was done to assess factors associated with GSS <2