METHANOL THE FUTURE - Gestamóttakannordbio2016.yourhost.is/.../2016/10/11-Toni-Stojcevski-Wartsila.pdf · METHANOL – THE FUTURE ... DF engines running on ethane in service since

© Wärtsilä

METHANOL – THE FUTURE MARINE FUEL!

Toni Stojcevski

10/6/2016 Toni Stojcevski / Wärtsilä

© Wärtsilä

REGULATION DRIVERS - IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT

3

LOCAL

GLOBAL

LOCAL

LOCAL

Acid rains

Tier II (2011)

Tier III (2016) NOx

Greenhouse effect

Under evaluation by IMO

EEDI / SEEMP CO2

Acid rains

Sulphur content in fuel

SECA (2015) – Global 2020/2025 SOx

Direct impact on humans

Locally regulated

Particulate matter

Particulates <10μ

3,7 mil / year premature deaths worldwide[1]

Sources: [1] WHO, 2014, Fact sheet No 313; 2 NOAA; 3IIASA ; 4 IPCC

NOx

$562 bil / year

Global health related costs [3]

SOx

Responsible for 50%

of particulates in the air [2]

CO2

$1tr - $3tr “Coping cost”

(1-5% of GDP in 2014) [4]

© Wärtsilä 4

ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION CONTINUES

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2025

SOx legislation: • Sulphur free fuels

– LNG

– Methanol, LPG, bio-fuels

– Distillates

• Scrubbers in combination with HFO

NOx legislation: Tier II

• Engine internal methods

Tier III

• Secondary methods (SCR)

• LNG/NG with lean burning process (dual-fuel

engines)

Ballast Water Treaty: • UV ballast water treatment system

• EC ballast water treatment system

• Minimised amount of ballast water through

Ship Design

Global cap 0.5% SOx

Global Ballast Water Management Treaty

NOx Tier III in NECA (North America)

NOx Tier II (Global)

Global 0.5% SOx limit reviewed

All ECA 0.1% SOx

North Europe ECA 1% SOx

0.1% SOx in EU ports

Global cap 3.5% SOx

US Ballast Water Management Treaty

North America ECA 1% SOx

© Wärtsilä 10/6/2016

WHERE TO GO?

Toni Stojcevski / Wärtsilä

© Wärtsilä PUBLIC

In Service

First installation in

service since Q1

2015

Promising pilot

results

Full engines test

on ZA40 have

taken place during

2014

Methanol • Sulfur free

• Low Nox

• Ultra low

particulates

Bio-fuels

• Sulpfur free

• Fuel specification

and availability is a

question mark

VOC

• Mix of different HC´s

and inert gas

• VOC from a shuttle

tanker can cover

20% of energy

demand

LPG

• Sulfur free

• Heavier than air

• 2% of global

energy market

In Service

In service since

2012

Operating on Bio-

Fuel or MDO

Several land based

power plants in

operation

Tested in the

90`s

Challenge with

injection pressure

with the diesel

principle

Smoke problem

Plant was

transferred back to

liquid fuel

In Service

Several VOC

recovery

installations in use

GasReformer

delivered 2013

DF engines in

marine service

since 2001

SECA

NECA

Ethane

• C2H6

• Sulfur free

• Interesting when

available as cargo

In Service

DF engines

running on ethane

in service since

2015

Approval in

principle

SECA

NECA

SECA

NECA

SECA NECA (Otto Principle)

SECA NECA (Otto Principle)

ALTERNATIVE CLEAN FUELS (BESIDES LNG)


© Wärtsilä

FUEL PROPERTIES

7

Units Methanol LNG Bunker Fuel

Molecular formula CH3OH >90% CH4 CnH1.8n C8-C20

Carbon Content (wt%) 37.49 ~75 ~87

Density kg/l 0.79 0.44 (LNG) 0.85

Water Solubility Complete No No

Boiling point °C 65 -162 150-370

Flash point °C 11 -188 min.60

Auto ignition °C 464 540 240

Viscosity cSt@20°C ~0.6 n.a. ~13.5

Octane RON/MON 109/89 120/120 -

Cetane No. - 5 - 45-55

LHV MJ/kg 20 45 42

Flammability limits Vol% 7-36 5-15 1-6

Flame speed cm/s 52 37 37

Heat of evaporation kJ/kg 1178 n.a. 233

Stoichiometric AF ratio - 6.45 17.2 14.7

Adiabatic flame temp. °C 1910 1950 2100

Bulk modulus MPa 777 848 1350

Sulphur content % 0 0 3.5 max

© Wärtsilä

Nitrogen

Generator

Oil unit

Diesel pump

Water tank for dilution of

fuel return

Methanol tank and

LP feed system

EHSV

SSV

SSV: Shutdown and Safety Valve

EHSV: Electro-Hydraulic Solenoid Valve

* All methanol lines can be flushed with nitrogen.

Nitrogen purge*

Sealing oil

Control oil

Methanol

Methanol pump

TECHNOLOGY – MD SYSTEM LAYOUT

• Pilot-fuel assisted diesel combustion concept

• Methanol is combusted according to the diesel process. Methanol is injected close to TDC

and ignited by a small amount of diesel pilot fuel.

© Wärtsilä

WÄRTSILÄ METHANOL - DIESEL ON ENGINE PIPING


© Wärtsilä

METHANOL INJECTOR - THE HEART OF THE METHANOL ADAPTATION

6 October 2016

[Presentation name /

Author]

10

ACCUMULATOR

BLOCK CONTROL

BLOCK TRANSFER

BLOCK

The methanol injector allows the engine to run on

methanol ignited by pilot fuel or on pure diesel.

© Wärtsilä

CONTROL OIL

FROM SOLENOID VALVE

METHANOL

FROM METHANOL HP PUMP

PILOT DIESEL

FROM DIESEL JERK PUMP

FLOW FUSE

ACCUMULATOR

SEALING OIL

AT METHANOL SEALING SURFACES

+ AROUND METHANOL NEEDLES

SEALING

OIL

CONTROL

PISTON

TRIANGULAR

PLATE

DIESEL

NOZZLE

METHANOL INJECTOR WORKING PRINCIPLE

© Wärtsilä

Source: SAE 2016-01-0887 , Svensson et al. , Lund University

PHI T MAPS – NOX & PPM

Zero particulates , much lower NOx

Typical Diesel Fuel Methanol Fuel

“soot”

“soot” NOx

NOx

Toni Stojcevski / Wärtsilä 10/6/2016

© Wärtsilä

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00

Filt

er S

mo

ke N

um

be

r M

ea

s 1

[F

SN

]

BMEP [bar]

ZA40_reference

Z40_reference 2003_HFO_CS

Z40_reference 2014_LFO_CS

Z40_load swing_450bar pinj


0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00

NO

x M

ari

ne

Sp

ecif

ic IS

O 8

17

8 C

orr

[g

/kW

h]

BMEP [bar]

ZA40S_reference


Z40_reference 2003_HFO_CS



200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

t5 T

em

p b

Tu

rbin

e [°

C]

BMEP [bar]

ZA40S_reference

Z40_reference 2003_HFO_CS_norm

Z40_reference 2014_LFO_CS_norm

Z40_load swing_450bar pinj_norm


150

200

250

300

350

400

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

t6 T

em

p E

xh P

ipe

[°C

]

BMEP [bar]

ZA40S_reference

Z40_reference 2003_HFO_CS_norm

Z40_reference 2014_LFO_CS_norm



160165170175180185190195200205210215220225230235240245

0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00

Tota

l BS

FC

LH

V C

orr

ect

ed

[g

/kW

h]

Engine Power % [%]

Z40_reference




Z40_reference_HFO_2003

~2%

* Preliminary tests - Engine consumption

- Further investigation on engine efficiency to be performed

- (Heat Balance and heat release to be calculated)

*

No reduction in output and load response unchanged

Full fuel redundancy

INITIAL TEST RESULTS OF WÄRTSILÄ SULZER ZA40S-MD


© Wärtsilä

Cost

Capex: Not a “complex” conversion; feasible ROI

Opex: Methanol fuel prices competitive? to (MGO/MDO,LSFO)

Availability

Fuel: Liquid, widely used in chemical industry,

Can utilize existing transport and terminal infrastructure

Technology: Available for ZA40S engines today, Pilot Installation Q1 2015,

Concept for other engines available, pilot projects research

METHANOL OVERVIEW: AVAILABILITY & COST


© Wärtsilä 6.10.2016 15

FUEL PRICES

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

Ju

n

Sep

De

c

Ma

r

Ju

n

Sep

De

c

Ma

r

Ju

n

Sep

De

c

Ma

r

Ju

n

Sep

De

c

Ma

r

Ju

n

Sep

De

c

Ma

r

Ju

n

Sep

De

c

Ma

r

Ju

n

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

US

D /

MM

BT

U

Nat Gas (Spot) TTF (NL) USD / MMBTU Nat Gas (Spot) Henry Hub USD / MMBTU

LNG Japan USD / MMBTU HFO 380 Centistoke Rotterdam USD / MMBTU

HFO 180 Centistoke Rotterdam USD / MMBTU Marine Gas Oil Rotterdam USD / MMBTU

MDO Rotterdam USD / MMBTU LSFO 1 % Fair Value NWE USD / MMBTU

Methanol Rotterdam USD / MMBTU

© Wärtsilä

FUTURE OF NATURAL GAS

2012: An Interdisciplinary MIT Study - findings

“The potential for natural gas to reduce oil dependence could be increased by conversion

into room temperature liquid fuels that can be stored at atmospheric pressure.

Of these fuels, methanol is the only one that has been produced for a long period at large

industrial scale.

Methanol has the lowest cost and lowest GHG emissions, but requires some infrastructure

modification and faces substantial acceptance challenges.”

2015: Gal Luft – IAGS

”Methanol provides natural gas an entry point to markets where it is currently underutilized

... Despite its price and environmental advantages over diesel fuels, natural gas powers

today small fraction of the world’s shipping … By any yardstick, methanol is the most

attractive carrier for natural gas.”


© Wärtsilä

Natural Gas (CH4)

LNG MeOH

New costly

infrastructure

η=90% η=~70%

Existing

infrastructure

Renewable methanol possible

AVAILIBILITY - MEOH & LNG, TWO OPTIONS TO TRANSPORT NG


70 terminals

world-wide

© Wärtsilä

Ballast tank converted

to methanol fuel tank

Pump room

Double walled

fuel pipes

Engines converted for

methanol combustion

STENA GERMANICA – CONVERSION SCOPE

Toni Stojcevski / Wärtsilä 10/6/2016

© Wärtsilä

Engine conversion to dual fuel

New electrical installation

High pressure pipes

New engine control system for

all four engines

High pressure pumps Methanol storage tank

painted with zinc silicate

METHANOL ADAPTATION


© Wärtsilä

ENGINE BEFORE AND AFTER CONVERSION


© Wärtsilä

• Adaptation of proven engine technology, minor modification to the engine • No reduction in efficiency or output running on methanol • Load response unchanged, full fuel redundancy • Existing fuel or ballast tanks can be converted to methanol tanks • Short off-hire time, can be done engine by engine • Lower thermic load on the engine • Much lower NOx, SOx, and PM (particulates), good base for future ECA regulations • Available methanol infrastructure (bunker fuel to be developed)

ENGINE CONVERSION KIT – FEATURES

10/6/2016 Toni Stojcevski / Wärtsilä 10/6/2016

© Wärtsilä PUBLIC © Wärtsilä

CHALLENGES & FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS

22

Technical

• material choice important

‒ special alloys, coatings and sealing materials

• design criteria important

‒ special design for sealing surfaces

Economical

• price disconnection from bunker fuel market

• availability, >60 export/import terminals, how to bunker?

Rekommendations:

‒ Variable injection timing for both pilot and main fuels

‒ Separate pilot fuel injector -> minimizing the pilot fuel amount

‒ Water-blended methanol -> lower NOx

‒ Pure methanol mode – diesel combustion cycle – hot surface assisted ignition


SCENARIOS FOR RENEWABLE FUELS



Case study 3: Pilot methanol vs. Reference ship Monetized annual benefits – central estimate (low & high)

Pilot methanol vs.

Reference ship

Human Health 563 (261-1316) KEUR

Crop damages 0 KEUR

TOTAL 563 (261-1316) KEUR

EMISSIONS & SOCIOECONOMIC BENEFITS – CASE STUDY

Pilot

Methanol Reference

ship

SO2 2 29 ton NOx 56 56 ton

PM2.5 4 32 ton Fuel use 632 632 TJ

SECA compatible? yes yes

NECA compatible? yes yes

Emissions Monetized benefits

SO2 28 ton NOx 0 ton PM2.5 28 ton

Emission reduction

High socioeconomic benefits

Source: ZVT, IVL, Erik

Fridell, Stefan Åström, 2015

“As air quality improves in response to legislation, its public health impact will fall by 2020 across Europe. As

a result, public health costs of air pollution are expected to fall from €803 billion a year in 2000 to €537 billion

in 2020. The number of people dying prematurely from the effects of air pollution is calculated to fall from

around 680,000 people in 2000, to around 450,000 in 2020.” Source: EC – Science for Environmental Policy


© Wärtsilä

The same infrastructure for

Shipping and Land transport

Methanol bunkering NG-Methanol +

Production of DME for trucks

Waste to methanol

Enerkem

NG-Methanol

CO2-Electrofuel

CRI

Volvo DME trucks

Wärtsilä Methanol Engines

Methanol fuel blending

M-15, M-85 or M-100 NG-Methanol is ultimate transition fuel to

Fossil free fuel society

Leaders of the industry should conduct their business in a way that

doesn't always benefit them only but benefits the society in whole

METHANOL - THE BRIDGE TO A FOSSIL FREE FUEL SOCIETY


http://jcwinnie.biz/wordpress/?p=2745

THANK YOU!

Toni Stojcevski +46 706 656115

[email protected] www.wartsila.com

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

METHANOL THE FUTURE - Gestamóttakannordbio2016.yourhost.is/.../2016/10/11-Toni-Stojcevski-Wartsila.pdf · METHANOL – THE FUTURE ... DF engines running on ethane in service since