Metals

LO: I know how metals occur in nature.

1. Occurrence

Metals:

Of the 90 naturally occurring elements, are metals.

LO: I know how metals occur in nature.

70

extracted

Unreactive metals don’t form compounds in nature:e.g. and .

Gold and silver are found as elements in the soil.

compounds

Most metals need to be from compounds before they are used.

Most metals are found in nature as .

They were the first metals to be discovered.

gold silver

2. Properties

LO: I know some properties and uses of metals.

Metals have many properties which makes them useful for a variety of jobs.

Malleability:

Metals can be and .

Strength: is used in construction.

• Buildings

LO: I know some properties and uses of metals.

Iron

shapedrolled

• Bridges

• Car body panels

Density:

Low density is used to make aircraft.

Electrical Conductivity:

Metals conduct electricity when and .

LO: I know some properties and uses of metals.

solid

lead

titanium

• Copper is used to make wires.

liquid

Heat Conductivity:

Metals are conductors of heat.

• Many pots are made of aluminium.

good

High density is used to make radiation shielding.

Quiz

Of the 90 naturally occurring elements, how many are metals?

70 8060

Quiz

Which of the following metals is found as an element in nature?

tin leadgold

QuizThe main reason for using aluminium to make electrical wires is because:

A it is a good conductor of heat.

B it is a good conductor of electricity.

C it is very strong.

D it has a very high density.

QuizLead is used to make boot soles for deep sea divers because:

A it is a good conductor of heat.

B it is a good conductor of electricity.

C it is very strong.

D it has a very high density.

QuizWhich of the following is not a reason for using copper to make water pipes:

A it is a good conductor of heat.

B it is malleable.

C it is strong.

D it does not react with water.

3. Alloys

LO: I know what is meant by an alloy.

An alloy is a of metals.

The properties of an alloy are to the properties of the metals in the mixture.

non-metals

LO: I know what is meant by an alloy.

different

mixture

Some alloys are a mixture of metals with .

Alloy Mixture Use

brass

bronze

solder

steel

The properties change as the of the mixture are changed.

proportions

copper, zinc

copper, tin

tin, lead

iron, carbon

hinges, door handles

statues

connection pipes and wires

construction

Quiz

Which word means a mixture of metals?

alley allayalloy

Quiz

“Some alloys can contain non-metals”

FalseTrue

Quiz

Which of the following is an alloy?

solder cobaltzinc

Quiz

Which of the following is an alloy?

tungsten nitinolbismuth

Quiz

Every type of steel alloy contains which element?

Carbon ChromiumIron

QuizYou change the melting point of the alloy, solder, when you change:

A the temperature you heat it to.

B the proportions of the metals.

C the lumps into powder form.

D the size of the flame.

4. Metals and Water

LO: I know which metals react with water.

LO: I know which metals react with water.

Experiment

aluminium

magnesium

calcium sodium

Order of reactivity:

sodium

LO: I know which metals react with water.

calcium

magnesiumaluminium

Increasing reactivity

does not react with water at all.Aluminium

In general:

Some metals react with water to produce a metal and .

metal water metal hydroxide+

hydroxide

LO: I know which metals react with water.

For example:calciu

mwater calcium

hydroxide+

hydrogen

+hydrogen

+hydrogen

lithium water lithium hydroxide+ +hydroge

n

5. Testing for Hydrogen

LO: I know how to collect and test hydrogen gas.

LO: I know how to collect and test hydrogen gas.

Experiment

calcium

Hydrogen burns with a .pop!

Hydrogen gas can be produced by reacting with water.

A splint is placed at the mouth of the test tube.

calcium

burning

Quiz

“magnesium metal reacts quickly with cold water”

FalseTrue

Quiz

“sodium metal reacts violently with cold water”

FalseTrue

Quiz

“when metals react with water they produce oxygen gas”

FalseTrue

Quiz

Which of the following metals does not react with water?

calcium lithiumaluminium

Quiz

Which of the following metals is the most reactive with cold water?

calcium lithiumsodium

QuizWhen sodium reacts with water the products are:

A sodium oxide and hydrogen.

B sodium hydride and oxygen.

C sodium hydroxide and hydrogen.

D sodium hydride and oxygen.

Quiz

The test for hydrogen is:

A relights a glowing splint.

B burns with a pop.

C turns lime water cloudy.

D puts out a burning splint.

6. Metals and Acid

LO: I know which metals react with acid.

LO: I know which metals react with acid.

Experiment

copper

iron zinc magnesium

Order of reactivity:

magnesium

LO: I know which metals react with acid.

zinc

iron

copper

Increasing reactivity

does not react with acid at all.Copper

In general:

Some metals react with acid to produce a metal and .

metal acid metal salt+

salt

LO: I know which metals react with acid.

For example:

iron hydrochloric acid

iron chloride+

hydrogen

+hydrogen

+hydrogen

zinc hydrochloric acid

zinc chloride+ +hydroge

n

Quiz

“zinc metal reacts quickly with acid”

FalseTrue

Quiz

“magnesium metal reacts quickly with acid”

FalseTrue

Quiz

“when metals react with acid they produce hydrogen gas”

FalseTrue

Quiz

Which of the following metals does not react with acid?

iron zinccopper

Quiz

Which of the following metals is the most reactive with acid?

magnesium aluminiumzinc

QuizWhen nickel reacts with hydrochloric acid the products are:

A nickel chloride and hydrogen.

B nickel chloride and oxygen.

C nickel chlorate and hydrogen.

D nickel chlorate and hydrogen.

Quiz

The test for hydrogen is:

A relights a glowing splint.

B burns with a pop.

C turns lime water cloudy.

D puts out a burning splint.

7. Making a Salt

LO: I know how a salt can be made from a metal and acid.

Aim:

LO: I know how a salt can be made from a metal and acid.

To make a sample of the salt magnesium sulphate by reacting magnesium with sulphuric acid.

Making a Salt

Diagram:

sulphuric acid

filter funnel

magnesium

filter paper

heat

magnesium

sulphate solution

Method:1. cm3 of sulphuric acid (1M) was added

to a beaker.

2. Pieces of magnesium were added to the acid until it stopped .

3. The mixture was .

Result:A white solid ( ) was produced.

Conclusion:Magnesium sulphate salt can be made by reacting magnesium sulphate with sulphuric acid, the mixture and then the water.LO: I know how to make a salt from a metal and acid.

4. The solution was heated to remove the .

25

fizzingfiltered

water

magnesium

sulphate

filteringevaporating

8. Types of Salt

LO: I know how to name a salt from the reactants.

The name of a salt comes from a and the it was reacted with.

zinc sulphate

LO: I know how to name a salt from the reactants.

metal

For example:

from metal

from acid

In general:

acid

hydrochloric acid metal chlorides

sulphuric acid metal sulphates

nitric acid metal nitrates

LO: I know how to name a salt from the reactants.

For example:calciu

msulphuric

acid+ calcium

sulphate+hydroge

n

nickel nitricacid

+ nickelnitrate

+hydrogen

lead nitricacid

+ leadnitrate

+hydrogen

tin sulphuricacid

+ tinsulphate

+hydrogen

iron hydrochloric

acid

+ ironchloride

+hydrogen

9. Collecting and Testing Oxygen

LO: I know how to collect and test a sample of oxygen.

Aim:

LO: I know how to collect and test a sample of oxygen.

To collect a sample of oxygen and perform the test for oxygen.

Diagram:

water

oxygen

Hydrogen peroxide

+Manganese dioxide

Method:1. A boiling tube was filled with oxygen as

shown in the .

2. A splint was placed in the tube of oxygen.

Result:The glowing splint .

Conclusion:Oxygen can be collected under .A splint in oxygen.This is the for oxygen.

LO: I know how to collect and test a sample of oxygen.

glowing

relit

waterrelightsglowing

test

diagram

9. Metals and Oxygen

LO: I know which metals react with oxygen.

LO: I know which metals react with oxygen.

Diagram:

Aim: To find out how metals react with oxygen.

metalceramic wool

potassiumpermanganate

heat heat

LO: I know which metals react with oxygen.

Results:

Metal Observation

Magnesium

Zinc

Copper

Very bright white glow

Bright white glow

Dull orange glow

Conclusion:magnesium

zinc

copper

Increasing reactivity

In general:Some metals react with oxygen to produce a metal .

metal oxygenmetal oxide+

oxide

LO: I know which metals react with oxygen.

For example:

zinc oxygen zinc oxide+

iron oxygen+ iron oxide

Metals reacting with oxygen is known as .oxidation

10. Reactivity of Metals

LO: I know how metals differ in reactivity.

The reactivity of metals can be shown in a list called the reactivity series.

LO: I know how metals differ in reactivity.

• potassium • sodium• lithium• calcium• magnesium• aluminium• zinc• iron• tin• lead• copper• silver• gold• platinum

Reacts with water

Reacts with acid

Reacts with oxygen

11. Corrosion

LO:I know what is meant by corrosion of a metal.

A metal corrodes when the surface atoms react to form a compound.

Metals corrode fastest when they are exposed to .

Different metals corrode at different rates: corrodes very quickly.

LO: I know what is meant by corrosion of a metal.

sodium

air

hardly corrodes at all.gold

An uncorroded metal is in appearance.

A corroded metal is in appearance.

shiny

dull

Corrosion is also an example of .oxidation

12. The Cause of Corrosion

LO: I know what causes corrosion.

oil

water

naildrying agent

LO: I know what causes corrosion.

Experiment

water only

water & oxygen

oxygen only

The iron only rusts when and are present.

LO: I know what causes corrosion.

water oxygen

Only the corrosion of is called rusting.

The rusting of iron can be speeded up by:

• Adding salt.

iron

• Adding acid.• Heating it up.

Result:

13. Test for Rusting

LO: I know how to test for rusting.

LO: I know how to test for rusting.

The presence of rusting is detected using . indicator:

rust

Rust indicator changes colour from to in the presence of rust.

yellow blue

rust indicator

14. Preventing Rusting

LO: I know some physical methods of stopping iron from rusting.

A surface barrier can be used to stop and getting to the iron.

LO: I know physical methods of stopping iron from rusting.

wateroxygen

• Painting, for example:

- .

- .

Forth bridge

Car bodywork

• Greasing or Oiling, for example:- .

- .

Door hinges

Bicycle chain

LO: I know physical methods of stopping iron from rusting.

• Coating with plastic, for example:

- .

- .

Fence wire

Wire baskets

• Electroplating.

- .

- .

Chrome pipesJewellery

(covering one metal with a layer of another using electricity).

15. Electroplating

LO: I know what is meant by electroplating.

Nickel plating on copper:

LO: I know the reactions involved in electroplating.

Electroplating is covering one metal with another using .

copper

nickel

nickel plating solution

electricity

LO: I know the reactions involved in electroplating.

During the plating process:

nickel

• The strip gets smaller in mass.

• A layer of forms on the copper strip.

nickel

Electroplating iron with a layer of makes it look and stops and from getting to the iron below.

chromiumshiny water oxyge

n

16. Chemical Protection of Iron

LO: I know chemical methods of stopping iron from rusting.

LO: I know chemical methods of stopping iron from rusting.

moreIf iron is connected to a reactive metal it will not corrode.

e.g. iron and magnesium

sacrificial

The reactive metal corrodes instead of the iron.

This is called protection.

more

rust indicator

magnesium

If iron is connected to a reactive metal it will corrode faster than normal.

LO: I know chemical methods of stopping iron from rusting.

less

e.g. iron and copper

rustsThe iron to protect the copper from corrosion.

rust indicator

copper

HOWEVER:

16. Galvanising

LO: I know what is meant by galvanising iron.

- Chemical protection as zinc is reactive than iron.

Galvanising is coating iron with a layer of .

LO: I know what is meant by galvanising iron.

zinc

water

more

The iron objects are dipped into molten zinc.

- Physical protection from and .

This provides double protection:

oxygen