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Mental Health Nursing IMental Health Nursing INURS 1300NURS 1300
Unit IIIUnit IIIDevelopmental Stages Developmental Stages
Throughout the Life SpanThroughout the Life Span
Objective 1Review concepts specific to health
and development
Health level of functional and metabolic
efficiency ability to respond efficiently to
stressors effective restoration and sustenance
of homeostasis
Objective 1 (cont’d) Growth
measurement of increase in physical dimensions
Development behavioral changes increasing competency in functional
abilities and skills Maturation
biological plan for growth and development
Objective 2
Review Erikson’s 8 stages of development and describe how mastery of each task relates to
one’s self-concept
Stage 1 – Trust vs. Mistrust
Birth to 18 months
Develop a sense of trust in others
Stage 2 – Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
18 months to 3 years
Learn self-control
Stage 3 – Initiative vs. Guilt
3 to 6 years
Initiate spontaneous activities
Stage 4 – Industry vs. Inferiority
6 to 12 years
Develop necessary social skills
Stage 5 – Identity vs. Role Confusion
12 to 20 years
Integrate childhood experiences into a personal identity
Stage 6 – Intimacy vs. Isolation
18 to 25 years
Develop commitments to others and to a career
Stage 7 – Generativity vs. Stagnation
21 to 45 years
Establish a family and become productive
Stage 8 – Integrity vs. Despair
45+ years
View one’s life as meaningful and fulfilling
Objective 3
Describe the major developmental characteristics and concerns of
each of the 8 stages
Stage 1
Characteristics social attachment maturation of sensory, perceptual,
and motor functions Concerns
may develop emotional dissatisfaction with self and others, suspiciousness, and difficulty with interpersonal relationships if one fails to master this stage of development
Stage 2
Characteristics self-control language development fantasy play
Concerns failure to master this task may result
in lack of self-confidence, lack of pride in the ability to perform, a sense of being controlled by others, and rage against self
Stage 3
Characteristics early moral development self-esteem group play egocentrism
Concerns feelings of inadequacy and guilt accepting of liability in situations for
which individual is not responsible
Stage 4
Characteristics friendship skill learning self-evaluation team play
Concerns difficulty in interpersonal
relationships caused by feelings of inadequacy
Stage 5
Characteristics physical maturation emotional development membership in peer group sexual relationships
Concerns failure results in self-consciousness,
doubt, and confusion about one’s role in life
Stage 6 Characteristics
stable relationships childbearing work
Concerns withdrawal social isolation aloneness inability to form lasting, intimate
relationships
Stage 7
Characteristics nurturing of close relationships management of career and household parenting
Concerns may develop a lack of concern for the
welfare of others and total preoccupation with the self if one fails to master this task
Stage 8
Characteristics promote intellectual vigor redirect energy to new roles and
activities develop a point-of-view about death
Concerns failure may result in self-contempt
and disgust with how life has progressed
Objective 4
Describe the basic human needs in each level of Maslow’s
Hierarchy of Needs
Objective 5List factors which influence the
client’s ability to meet physiological and safety needs
Age Cultural beliefs Spirituality Self-concept Family and community resources Emotional responses to illness
Objective 6
Describe nursing measures that will assist the client in meeting physiological and safety needs
Nursing diagnoses for clients’ physiological needs:
Ineffective airway clearance Sleep pattern disturbance Impaired skin integrity Fluid volume deficit Pain Impaired mobility
Nursing diagnoses for clients’ safety needs:
Risk for falls Risk for injury Risk for infection Anxiety or fear Memory impairment Confusion
Objective 7Discuss priority needs of the client
Lower needs on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs require fulfillment before those at higher levels can be achieved
The basic needs for human functioning are the physiological needs, and safety and security needs
Objective 8Relate how self-esteem can affect
the hospitalized individual
Hospitalization takes away locus of control, highly impacting self-esteem