Mendoza Herald #3

What if you could meet one of themost outstanding inventors ever?What if you had the chance tounderstand his way of working?What if he answered all yourquestions about the electrifying"War of currents"? No more what ifs!!!!Here it is!!! Anin-depth exclusive interview withThomas Alva Edison just for us,just for the Mendoza'sHerald!!!You can not miss it!!!

We had the appointment at theMEH, the human evolutionmuseum in Burgos, in a music hallwhere you can see indie groups inaction as Jero Romero, L.A. orSidonie. Eudald comes just in time,wearing a hat and mountain sportshoes. Suddenly a cloudof cameras start to workfrenetically because weare photography studentsand today, journalists too.The interview starts:

L.P. Whose bones havebeen discovered mostrecently?

E.C. There have been lots of newdiscoveries lately. But discoveringthe mitochondrial DNA of thehominids from the pit of bones; theDNA which is passed from femalesto females (from mothers todaughters).

For the first time in history we havemanaged to sequence human DNAfrom more than 500,000 years ago,with the help of some colleaguesfrom the Max Planck Institute in

Germany. These are not like thescience fiction films such asJurassic Park -he says-; we havefound materials that contained DNAin their interior. Probably, this hasbeen the greatest contribution tohuman evolution in the last 40years.

in Atapuerca last year we dug upNeolithic remains in the viewpoint(there is an article in Nature aboutthis). We found materials and toolsfrom more than 1,300,000 yearsago, but you do not discover the pitof bones every year.

A.G. How is a species identifiedand what are the criteria youfollow to identify it?

E.C.They identify it using referencecollections, in which they havecollections of Neanderthals, Homo

sapiens etc.When they discovered Miguelón inthe 90,s, they didn’t have anyrecord of the skull in the collectionthat they had found so they had tofollow skull and face features andthey discovered that the skull theyfound was of an Homo Antecessor.

L.S. What was the main purposefor creating the Museum ofHuman Evolution?

E.C.We wanted all the discoveriesthat were found in Atapuerca, tohave a place where we couldexplain and teach them to childrenor adults… - Carbonell explained tous during the interview. – Wethought about the idea a long timeago, and finally it happened! – Hetold us that they didn’t only, createthe Museum, they also formed the

Atapuerca’s Fundation, and lotmore things, helping to enrich ourcity, in a cultural way.

L.S. Why do you think theMuseum of Human Evolutionwas one of the ten most visitedmuseums during its

inauguration?

E.C. It was a hugeachievement that a city likeBurgos,with around 200thousand inhabitants, couldhave between 300 and 400thousand tourists that havevisited the Museum.

Carbonell compared it with 6 millionpeople inMadrid. He said they haveachieved what they were looking todo; that Spanish people, startcaring and being interested in thehuman evolution and how we are.

L.F. And,what do you think aboutthe architecture of the museum?

Yes it´s Ok, well, nice… (he getscaught out by this question) I likedall the projects. From my point ofview, the architecture doesn´tmatter, it's what is inside that is

Oh, jingle bells, jingle bellsJingle all the way

Oh, what fun it is to rideIn a one horse open sleigh..

Such as famous words, comesfrom an ancient pagan tradition ,sung by the Winter solstice, theshortest day of the year,usuallytaking place around the22ndDecember.

Mendoza Heraldvol. 3 Dec 2015

English newspaper of the Burgos highschool Cardenal López de Mendoza

looking for jack

refugees

...continues on page 8

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Edison conversation

christmas carrolsA group of Europeancountries are against thewelcoming of theseunfortunate people, in spite oftheir situation, but we havethe moral and legal obligationto help those who are tryingto avoid a certain death.

Guy Fawkes'Remember, remember the fifth of

November...Ón that day, we celebrate the foiling ofthe Gunpowder Plot in 1605, to kill theProtestant British King, James I of En-gland by placing thirty-six barrels of gun-powder in the cellars of the Houses ofParliament in London.

“Educat ion is the per iod dur ing which you are being instructed by somebody you don´t know , about something you don´t want to know”

Wynne W e s t o n - D a v i e sdiscovered thatthe last victim ofJack the Ripperwas his greataunt. He decidedto investigate,and discoveredthat the realmurderer of hisgreat aunt was her ex-husband.wants to compare her DNA withhis to know if she is his real greataunt.

This 31st December some of us, we aregoing to run San silvestre Cidiana and ifyou are thinking of joining us you can

take someadviceswe´ll giveyou abouthow you canget ready.The truth isthat it is

affordable for anyone and it may be thebeginning to set some major goals.

R u n , f o r e s t , r u n

NGOs and charities work for thosewho haven´t got a chance in life.Here are but a few of the onesoperating in Burgos, each onedoing its bit to make a betterworld. Will you join in?It´s not charity, it´s justice!

pag.3

Gilbert K. Chesterton. Engl ish wr i ter and journal ist .1874-1936

dancing in a circle

One of the most well-knownSpanish traditions, bullfights, hasalso become one of the mostcontroversial issues, being in thethick of things nowadays. The pointis: should we accept the concept ofanimal abuse or the concept oftradition?

bullfightingart or animal abuse?

people in need are people indeed

painted by andrés, ignacio y juan, 3ºeso students

´This is not jurasic park, this is real science: we havesequenced mitochondrial DNA in the pit of the bonesfrom more than 500.000 years ago.The most importantcontribution to human evolution in the last 40 years`

interview with Eudald Carbonell, co-director of Atapuerca,s deposits

t h e t r e a s u r e h u n t

The paleontologist being interviewed by Jaime Carretero 3º

NGOS

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A t a p u e r c a

Edison-Westinghouse

herald3.qxp_Maquetación 1 02/12/15 21:21 Página 1

HEROES OF OLYMPUS

Two sagas,five bookseach, ofyoung fictionwritten byRick Riordan,an Americanauthor, fa-mous due toPercy Jack-son. The ac-tions takesplace all overthe USA.

Percy Jackson, son of a Greek God,Poseidon, and his adventures with hisfriends in order to protect the Earthfrom Gaea, who plans to destroy it.

TITTLES: The first saga is calledPercy Jackson and the Olympus andthe second one is called Heroes of theOlympus

OPINION. If you like mythology, theseare your books. It is wonderful to readthese stories because the authorcombines teen topics with ancienthistory and myths. There are also twofilms based on the first and secondbook.

RUBY RED, SAPHIRE BLUE ANDEMERALD GREEN

A trilogy about Gwendolyn Shepherd,a teenager who discovers that shecan travel to the past when she findsherself in the 19th century. It seemsthat this characteristic is inheritedthrough the females of the family.Along the three books, Gwen andGideon will be involved in a lot ofdangerous situations. The books werewritten in German by Kerstin Gier,although they have been translated

into many other languages when theybecame best sellers. Thanks to this

success, filmsof the first twobooks havealready beenmade.

OPINION: Ithas everythingyou need toenjoy a young-adult fictionbook: mystery,loving

characters, curiosities about the past.It won´t take you a long time to readthem, because once you start, you willread them in one sitting. And then,you will miss laughing with Gwen´sthoughts and comments. Do not missthem!

DIARY OF A WIMPY KID

A series of books whose maincharacter, Greg Heffley, writes abouthis life at High School. He describes

both the positiveand negativesides, buteverything inhumorous, evenhilarious, style.The reader canlearn somegood lessonswhile readinghis adventures,embarrassing

moments and accidents that Greglives during his school days. Thereare also other characters such asRodrick or Rowley, shown in thefollowing books of the saga. Some ofthese books have been best-sellers.

BURGOS ACOGEis an NGO that helps peoplewithout money. Established in 1993 by a group of Burgosresidents worried aboutinmigrants. Their income is frompublic money, from thegouverment or the EU. Theyhave 37 volunteers, 49colaborators 13 workers.They have already helped 9416people; in 2014 they helped1743 people. They put uppeople in ashelter, they helppeople in legal coursel ande d u c a t i o n .

UNICEF was created bythe United Nations Assembly onthe 11th of December in 1946, toprovide emergency food andhealthcare to children incountries that were devasted bythe Second World War.UNICE´s mission is to defendchildren´s rights and transformthem into international rules ofconduct. The organizationguarantees an education,

protection, and illnessprevention.One of the most important thingsthat UNICEF has done is to offerhelp to the governments of Syriain orden to improve the

conditions of child refugees.UNICEF has offices in morethan 190 countries in the world.In Spain there is one in eachautonomous community.

ENTRECULTURAS

This NGO was founded in 1955as a popular educationalproposal equality and today itsexists in 14 countries with 1.2million students. This NGO isalso member of the internationalFederation of faith andhappiness in South Africa andthey promote Access to

education for disadvantagedpeople in Latin American, Africaand Asia. Because of this, theylook that this education iscapable of changing people´slife. It´s very important that allactions generate equality andare responsable and transparentwith all people who supportthem.

Actually they have than 160proyects in Africa. After theerthquakes in Nepal about 1million children are unable to goto school, and Entreculturas are

doing everything possible toresume classes as son aspossible.

And about 30 million childrenhave been forced to leave theircountry becoming displaced andrefugees. In this situation,theycan´t go to school or evenplay, andthey need our help,

Jack the Ripper was a famousserial killer with an unknownidentity. He was never caught.Jack only killed female victims,prostitutes who worked at night.

First, he hung his victims and then,he disemboweled them.In fact, his name wasn´t Jack, butthe police called him like that,because he sent a letter to thepolice boss.

Inthe

letter he signed with his nick name:Jack the Ripper and he wrote thatit would be useless if the police

tried to find out what his real namewas.He sent more letters to play with thepolice and he wrote them with hisvictim´s blood.In total, he killed seven prostitutesbetween August and November

1888.The Whitechapel police had somesuspects: The Queen´s grandson ,Prince Albert (who had a collection

of women´s organs), John Druitt,a doctor (who disappeared after thelast killing of Jack the Ripper),Joseph, the crazy butcher (whowas arrested after the complaint ofhis wife who said that he wasalways with big knives and becausehe threatened her once), GeorgeChapman, a Polish barber (whohad a mental illness that made himkill women, and so he killed histhree wives) and AaronKosminski a Jewish Polish whohated women. No one of that

suspects were accused becausethere were no enough evidences.Nowadays, the number of suspectsis close to 100. The CSI is trying tolook for an answer for all thequestions but they said that it´s toodifficult to look for evidences thatoccurred a long time ago.A trendy idea is that Jack wasn´t

any of the police suspects becausehe was really intelligent forescaping from the police.

Martina Sáez 2ºE

L A S T N E W S ! !Wynne Weston-Davies discovered

that the last victim of Jack theRipper was his great aunt. Hedecided to investigate, and

discovered that the realmurderer ofhis great aunt was her ex-husband.The data has the needed solidity forthe British Government to autoricethe first exhumation of one of thevictims of Jack the Ripper. Hewants to compare her DNA with histo know if she is his real great aunt.

He says that the real murderer wasFrancis Spurzheim Craig, the manwho married his great aunt, for herto hide that she was a whore. Whenthe crimes were commited in 1888,Craig was journalist specialized inlegal issues.Weston-Davies thinks that Craig´sknowledge made him murder thefour girls to hide his principalpurpose: murder his wife, whohumiliated him at working again asa whore, few months after they gotmarried. Although the crimes werecommited three years later, theywere divorced.

One day in 2011 he got onedocument about their divorce andwent on discovering the story of hisgreat aunt, and her marriage, thatfinished in a bad way. Dr. WestonDavies says that the investigationwasn´t fast. << They passed some years up to Ifound the connection with Jack theRipper. I ordered the date of his deathand I found the forensic´s report.Then I was stunned. Craig commited

suicide cutting his neck with a sharpblade as the victims of Jack theRipper >>.

Craig was a journalist, and a rivalnewspaper discovered that hecopied their articles word by word.

Jack the Ripper sent his letters to“Central News” instead of a nationalnewspaper, that would be morelogical. Craig sent them there tomake certain that the letters appearin all the newspapers. There weresome Americanisms, too, and Craiglived in USA when he was young.Craig was a strange man withstrange habits, and he thinks thatCraig had a schizophrenic disorderof the personality.There are some clues that say he

looked for Mary Kelly for a longtime, and hired some detectives.

He didn´t find her and got reallyangry.

Craig murdered Mary on herhouse. After cutting her neck, hedisfigured onan horrible way her face, that wasunrecognizable.Craig took his timeto remove her heart.

Weston says that it was asymbolic character. She broke hisheart, and so he broke hers.Now, Weston-Davies is waiting for

the exhumation.

Let's go by parts, as Jack the Ripper used to say

NGO s

Mendoza Herald 2

Prince Albert

b o o k r e v i e w

Claudia González 2ºF

people in need are people indeed3ºeso


Mendoza Herald 3

D o y o u d a r e ?

Watching movies is one of themost popular free time activitiesamong young people. Yet, most ofus do not know great, old films, theones that our grandparents and pa-rents enjoyed and that are claimedto be brilliant. That´s why, we wouldlike to start with a series of these oldmovies in order to make our matesknow some of them.

Guess Who´s coming to dinner is a1967 American comedy, directed by

Stanley Kramer and Spencer Tracy,starred Katharine Hepburn, SidneyPoitier and Katharine Houghton andSpencer Tracy as the main charac-ters. It is critical with the racial discri-mination at the age.

PLOT

After a period of vacation in Hawaii,Joanna “Joey” Drayton returns to herparents´ home in San Franciscobringing her fiancé, the high-quali-

fied Dr. JohnPrentice, to intro-duce him to herparents, an artgallery owner(Katharine Hep-burn) and a pu-blisher editor ofThe Guardiann e w s p a p e r(Spencer Tracy).Joey was beenraised with a li-beral educationand intends to

get married to Dr. Prentice, a blackwidower who works for the Worldhealth Organization. Joey also invi-tes John´s parents to have dinnerwith her family in order to meet themtoo, and the couple flies from LosAngeles to San Francisco withoutknowing that Joey is white. Chris-tina, Joey´s mother, also invites theliberal Monsignor Tyan, who is friendof her family. Along the day andnight, the families consider thepossible problems that the futureyoung couple might have if theycarry on with their idea of gettingmarried- The film is full of fun si-tuations and surprising reac-tions.

SOME INTERESTING BITSABOUT THE FILM

This film was made while Spen-cer Tracy was dying. He had toput his entire salary in order for thefilm company to allow him to makeit. The question is why did Hepburnand Tracy agree to do this film, wit-

hout immediate payment? Becauseit is a film about forbidden love, it isa film about loving someone no mat-ter what society thinks, or what therules are. This is something bothKatherine and Spencer knew a greatdeal about, as they both were livingtheir forbidden love. What makesthis film outstanding is, that by theend of the film, you realize that Kateand Spencer are not even acting,

they are relaying their feelings abouteach other through the film.Besides, it is important to see the so-cial side of the film. Joey does not

mind marrying a black person. No-wadays, it might not be a problem atall, but the film was made 48 yearsago, which means that her decisionwas utterly revolutionary.

OUR OPINION

From our point of view, this film is anexcellent example of how great are

the 60s and 70´sónes when thatindustry was starting to grow up.Even if the movies seems to bevery old and without any specialeffects, you can see the originalideas that the present movies areinspired by, not to mention the ac-tors´ brilliant performance and theenjoyable situations. Conse-quently, we strongly recommendyou to see it. And if you are a ci-nema lover, you cannot miss it. Itis a must.

GUESS WHO´S COMING TO DINNER c l a s s i c f i l m s

Hey guys, do you dare?? This 31stDecember some of us, we are goingto run San silvestre Cidiana and if youare thinking of joining us you can takesome advices we´ll give you abouthow you can get ready. The truth isthat it is affordable for anyone and it

may be thebeginning toset some majorgoals.Before doinganything youmust know that….the four

most important physical componentsthat are directly related to health:endurance, strength, flexibility, andspeed.But there are more importantcomponents that you should knowsuch as body composition, agility,balance, coordination, power andreaction time.All of them are so important to get youin shape and ready to RUN, so youshould know what your physicalfitness level is, and most importantand specifically, about stamina, andstrenght. Some of the best knowntests are the cooper test, coursenavette, 1 k test…and jump test,respectively.Training should be matched to theneeds of each person depending onage, gender, fitness level and thesport for which the person is training,and to prepare our planning we musttake into account some of the keyprinciples: SPECIFICITY (means weshould focus on training the parts ofour body we will mostly use in thesport we want to improve),OVERLOAD, (you must work for alonger period of time than they areused to) PROGRESSION (exerciseshould be done slowly first, and thenwe should gradually increase theamount of exercise and keepoverloading), REVERSIBILITY(means that athletes lose thebeneficial effects of training whenthey stop working out.)In planning a programme, we use theFITT principles: Frequency (how oftento train); Intensity (how hard to train);Time (for how long to train); Type(which methods of training to use).There are several training methods,such as: Circuit training involvesperforming a series of intense aerobic

exercises in a special order calleda circuit. Continuous trainingconcerns doing a series of low-intensity exercises for a shortperiod of time without resting.Cross training is about combiningyour main sport training with otherdisciplines. Fartlek traininginvolves varying speed. There isalso interval training and weighttraining.

WHY HAVING AGOOD RUNNING TECHNIQUE

IS SO IMPORTANT?

A proper technique will help yoube more efficient and minimize thechance of injury, by reducing thestress on your bones andmuscles. You need to be flexibleso that muscles can work better.In addition, your runningtechnique is totally dependent onyour posture. Cadence measuresthe number of strides you take perminute. Body sensing is essential:stop if you feel bad or drink if youfeel thirsty; don’t continue as ifnothing is happening. Whilstrunning it is important to have agood mental focus and to stayrelaxed. Remember that if youenjoy something, you’ll do itbetter. Running is good toimprove your health, to preventdisease, to lose weight and tocure depression. Before going running, you have toknow what type of clothes towear: sport clothes and a goodpair of trainers.Last but not least, we would liketo remind you of the need to keepa balanced and complete diet withvegetables, fruit, whole grains,meat, blue fish and dairyproducts. The best drink is waterbut sometimes our body requiresminerals which can be recovered withisotonic drinks.Take care your body and your mind…

BENEFITS OF RUNNING

We´ll tell you the truth, running is agreat way to get into shape, but didyou know that it can benefit almostevery part of your body, as well as liftyour mood? Running is incrediblyeffective at making you healthier in a

large number of ways, such as:helping prevent high blood pressure,strengthening your lungs, increasingjoint strength and stability, increasingbone density. And Running canprovide a noticeable boost to yourconfidence and self-esteem.Too many people have been turnedoff from running simply by trying tostart off too fast. Their bodies rebel,and they wind up miserable,wondering why anyone wouldpossibly want to run in the first place.

You should ease into your 5K trainingplan gradually. In fact, the beginners'program we outline here is a runningprogram to transform you from couchpotato to runner, getting you to beginrunning a 5K on a regular basis in justtwo months.It's easy to get impatient, and youmay feel tempted to skip ahead in theprogram, but hold yourself back. Don'ttry to do more, even if you feel youcan. Don't feel pressured to continuefaster than you're able to. Repeat

weeks if needed and move aheadonly when you feel you're ready.

We will give you here a brief andenlightening overview of a fitnessprogramme to help you keep healthyand in good shape. So, remember StSilvestre Race might be a goodstarting point. We look forward tomeeting you all there.

Ready! Steady! Go!

* Calculate your percentaje about your heart rate or your times.

MónicaBurgos, BrunoPérez, Leire-Gil, LuciaFiol, AdriánSaiz. 4º D

p.e


Christmas is coming and we all

like to give and receive presents.This usually means spendingmoney, packed shops and time.Yet, students from 4 ESO D thinkthat a present must be somethingspecial for someone special. In ourgifts, we also give our time, ourability and a lot of love to ourparents, siblings, family andfriends!

%%MANUAL PRESENT FORCHRISTMAS: for the family athomeMaterial: 16 envelopes, cards,clothespins and some smallchocolates or sweets (one foreach day of holidays). A red orgreen rope Procedure: Just write a nicemessage in each card (think ofdifferent family members) and putit into an envelope , together witha sweet or a small chocolate. Writethe name of a person and the dayin each envelope and hang themin the rope (from the 24thDecember to the 6th January).Place it in the living room. Eachday, the envelope with that daymust be opened by the personaddressed, early in the morning tohave a wonderful start.

%%TABLE SPOON PINE: for abeloved aunt or a cousinMaterial: a long cardboard, lots ofplastic spoons, spray (gold orsilver) strong glue and smallChristmas decorations.

Procedure: Fold the cardboardcone-shaped and stick the ends.While drying, cut the ends of thespoons, leaving the oval part.Paint them with the spray and letthem dry. Stick the spoons to thecone-shaped cardboard from rowto row, starting from the bottom.You must wait for a few minutesbefore starting a new row because

the spoons must be well set on thecardboard. Place a roll of kitchenpaper inside the cone to avoidmovements. Now, decorate it!

&& A PENCIL ORGANIZER: forlittle cousins or siblings!Materials: some rolls of toilet orkitchen paper, a cardboard (or abox of cornflakes), glue and aletter (the person´s first letter, forinstance), and spray.Procedure: cut the cardboard tomake the base. Paint it and paint

the rolls too. Then, stick the rolls(different sizes) on the paintedbase. Stick the letter onto one ofthe rolls. Then, you can fill themwith nice pencils.

&& PHOTOS: for friendsMaterials: wire wands (inhardware stores), a wooden basewith a 20 cm stick gluedperpendicularly on it (craft shops),adhesive tape, brown paper andfunny photos.Procedure: Attach the wires to thestick, covering all with theadhesive tape and then cover thebase. Now, give the wire wandsthe form of branches. Then, handthe photos in the branches atrandom. You can hold them withsmall pegs. If you want to give the“tree” a Christmas touch, put somesmall stars or some glitter.

& DECORATED BOXES: foreverybodyMaterials: old cardboard orwooden boxes. Different thing todecorate them (depending on theperson), coloured papers.Procedure: First, cover the boxwith the coloured paper. Then,decorate it with different thingssuch as stickers, old photos,buttons, and so on. Write thename of the person on the top, forinstance Mario´s things (use anice handwriting). You can addsome cookies or sweets if youwant.

&& TOUCHING LITTLE THINGS:

for everybody

% A LETTER. Yes, a letter!Maybe, your grandfather, yourdad, your granny would bedelighted to get a letter from you,telling her or him how much youlove them, remembering greatmoments you have shared, thingsyou would like to do together. Adda nice envelope and perhaps apicture of you both! No doubt theywill be touched!

&& REINDEER NOSES JARS:perfect for grannies and

grandfathers!Materials: whoppers and some redgumballs for Rudolph´s nose.Brown pipe cleaners, tags, hotglue gun, jars, ribbon, googlyeyes, red bright pompoms andsome chocolates and sweets.Procedure: Write a MerryChristmas message with theperson´s name in the tags (youcan write different messages,depending on the person). Cut the

pipe cleaners and make theantlers (if you do not find them,just make a nice Noël hat). Stich aribbon around the screw top. Tapeoff the jars and paint a small partbrown, so you´d be able to see thenoses. Stick the googly eyes andnose and there you have the face!.Finally, introduce the sweets andyou will just have finished!A DIARY or A POSTER full ofcomments, pictures, drawings,situations you have lived together… Just leave your imagination fly!

&& BAKING. If you like baking, achocolate cake or cookies (withChristmas decorations) will be thedream of your relatives. You canalso put it into a decorated box.Two presents in one!

&& SIX WISHES: you can writesix things you are willing to do forthe person who is getting your“present” during Christmas. Usenice cards and envelopes. Then,wrap them up with a nice ribbon.Be sure, your grandparents orparents will be delighted to receivesuch a great and loving present.

&& A PLANT: quite a lot of peopleare fond of plants, so why notgetting a cutting from one of theplants at home and plant it on apot. Look after it until the day to begiven comes. Wrap it with a nicepaper and some Christmasdecorations. It will not be only aplant, but your love is also growingwith it!

Christmas priceless gifts

Mendoza Herald 4

Could you survive school in Britain?

Here are the top fivedifferences between Spanishand British schools:Whilst there are similarities bet-ween British and Spanishschools, for example, the sub-jects students study are thesame such as maths, language,history, and science, and theschool day is a similar length oftime, normally with six or sevenclasses there are some majordifferences between the twoschooling systems. Perhaps the most obvious diffe-rence is that in Britain, almostevery school wears a uniform.This usually consists of a whiteshirt, a tie, a jumper or blazer,black or grey trousers or a skirtfor girls, with black shoes. If stu-dents arrive at school wearingthe incorrect uniform, it is normalfor the head teacher to phonetheir parents and to send thestudent home to change into thecorrect uniform. There is even aP.E. uniform called a P.E. 'kit',normally a white polo-shirt, witha black or navy jumper in thewinter, black or blue jogging bot-toms, and black or blue trainers.Also in P.E. in British schools,girls are made to tie their hair upinto a pony-tail and jewellery isnot permitted. It is also very rare for girls and

boys to practise P.E. together inBritain. Normally the girls will dosports such as rounders, netball,hockey, or gymnastics whilst theboys play football, rugby, bas-

ketball, and cricket. However,normal classes such as historyand maths are mixed gender un-less the school is a private orgrammar school, in which casein all classes boys and girls aretaught separately. Another striking difference ishow Spanish students refer totheir teachers by their firstnames; 'David' or 'Olga', forexample. This would never hap-pen in Britain! Every teacher iscalled by their last names suchas Mr. Jones or Mrs. Smith orthey are referred to as 'Miss' or'Sir', all of which is much more

formal. To find out a teacher'sfirst name in Britain is very exci-ting for students as usually theyare kept secret in order for tea-chers to maintain privacy.

In Spain there is no lunch breakat school and students returnhome to eat with their families,whilst in Britain at 12pm lunch is

served to students. School din-ners have a reputation in theUnited Kingdom for being dis-gusting since it is difficult to feedso many people without it cos-ting a lot of money and so theproduce used is normally lowquality. Instead many studentsopt to take a packed lunch theymake at home to school. Howe-ver, in the last ten years therehas been a great focus onhealthy eating in schools thanksto British chef Jaime Oliver,who conducted an investigationinto school dinners and discove-red that children were being fedvery unhealthy food for lunch,that was high in sugar, salt, andfat. Since then, there has beena school dinner revolution andyou can find salad bars and fruitbowls in most schools now. Something which seems to bebecoming more and more com-

mon in Spain is the introductionof bilingual programs in schoolswhere many classes are taughtin the target modern foreign lan-guage. Only a handful of theseschools exist in Britain and theytend to be schools specificallyfor learning languages but inSpain they can be found inmany public schools. Bilingualprograms are a very good ideasince students develop a muchbroader range of vocabularyand structures much quickerwhen the majority of their clas-ses are given in the target lan-guage and this is something thatthe UK should definitely consi-der introducing.Some British and Spanishschooling structures certainlyhave their benefits! But underwhich system would you preferto learn?

by Frances Caddassistant teacher

4ºeso


Mendoza Herald 5

It is the fifth year of Syria Warand there are still people thatdon’t know how it started andwhy now the news always talksabout Syrian refugees. The war has its origins inpolitical corruption, poverty, lackof respect to Human Rights andinequality.

But now, in Syria and Iraq, aradical Islamic group (DAESH)has taken advantage of theweakness of established powerto take a greater control of theseareas. They are spreadingterror, killing anyone who doesnot surrender to their authority.This is the main reason why thepeople from these countries areescaping from a war in whichthey find no way out.

The extreme violence on severalfronts has left more than250.000 deaths and around 12millions of displaced people,more than the half of the total

population of the country.From the beginning of the war,thousands of Syrian citizens fledacross the borders toneighbouring countries such as

Turkey, Jordan and Lebanon.These countries soon exceededtheir possibilities to receivemore refugees.

As a consequence, Europe isliving a crisis because of theincreasing number of Syrianrefugees that each day flee fromtheir country and seek asylum inricher European countries. Sadly, it’s quite commonwatching in the news that adinghy with 30 people or moresank near the coast of a Greekisland. Now, refugees arrive inEurope sailing across theMediterranean Sea inprecarious conditions or they

force their way through thefrontiers. Many people are dyingdue to the small size of theboats and the large number ofpeople on them. The trip is less

risky in summer, and that is whythis summer 2015 so many ofthem tried to get to Europe.

A group of European countriesare for the welcoming of theseunfortunate people but someothers are against, in spite oftheir situation. On the one hand,Germany is the Europeancountry that has received moreasylum applications, and alsothe country that, along withAustria, has defended thenecessity to welcome therefugees.

On the other hand, there arecountries like Hungary andPoland that are refusing theSyrian refugees that intend topass through their borders.Some people spread the ideathat terrorists were coming toEurope among the refugees.Racist groups also complain thatthese refugees, as well as otherforeigners, come to invade usand to steal our jobs.

The reality is that, in general,Europe shows itself increasinglymore unsupportive to welcomerefugees, toughening therestrictions to grant asylum.But we have the moral and legalobligation to help those who aretrying to avoid a certain death.

It appears difficult to say whatthe solution to this issue is, butthere are some ways of facing it:

- Since the beginning ofthe Syrian conflict the E.U. didnothing at all about it, and letTurkey, Jordan and Lebanon bethe ones that receive refugees.Will we leave them dying onforgotten beaches while they are

trying to reach Europe?

- A decisive militaryintervention could be an optionto end the civil war. This wouldcost huge amounts of moneyand the lives of thousands ofsoldiers. But, do we really haveany clue on how to control orend a civil war like this one?

- Finally, the easiest wayof helping the refugees is towelcome and protect them, atleast for a certain period of time.Probably we should follow theGerman example at thebeginning of this crisis andwelcome the refugees, providingthem enough to cover theirbasic needs. At the same time,Europe should assume theresponsibility of working outmeasures to stop the war andhelping their home countries tosolve their political andeconomic problems.

The recent Paris terror attackshave reminded Europe theharshness of the Syrian war,rekindling the controversy abouthow should we act.

DAESH shows itself as adangerous enemy; capable ofusing the fear as a weapon toachieve their objectives andwilling to use Islam as anexcuse that justifies unjustifiableatrocities. We must take intoaccount that attacks like theones that happened in Paris aretaking place almost every day inSyria. As many people wrotethese days on the socialnetwork Twitter,#WeAllAreParis. But now#WeAllAreSyria too, we sharetheir same fears and worries.Now that we can see themenace closer to us, Europeansshould reflect about something:what responsibility do we allhave in the wars that plague theMiddle East? Maybe, thesolution to this answer is the keyto know how to end with thiskind of terrorism.

Bilingual students. 4º ESO D

refugees #WeAllAreSyria

Aylan Kurdi, the three year-old child who was founddrowned on a beach in Turkeylast September, lived in Kobane,a city in the North of Syria whichthis year was the scene ofclashes between the self-

proclaimed Islamic State andKurdish fighters. Thephotograph of his corpse at theedge of the beach travelled theworld in just a few hours.Kurdi family was composed bythe father, the mother and twochildren. They boarded a small

boat bound for the Greek islandof Kos on Wednesday 2September, along with 22people from the Turkishpeninsula of Bodrum. However,shortly after setting sail, the boatsank.This is only one of the manycases of Syrian children whowere trying to flee a hell and fallin a bigger one.

Reports from UNHCR overSyrian refugees in Jordan andLebanon alert of the alarmingnumber of Syrian refugeechildren who are growing up infractured families, withouteducation and becoming themain source of income for theirfamilies. The Syrian conflict willleft deep scars on defencelesschildren.

But, are these families morefortunate than those that remain

in their country in the middle ofa merciless war? Those oneslive in a permanent hell in whichthey have to see how theirhomes are destroyed and howtheir relatives die because of abomb thrown over their houses.If we ask any Syrian child tomake a drawing at school, theywill probably draw a world inflames, helicopters launchingbombs and themselves crying orsurrounded by dead friends andrelatives. This is the sad realitythat they are facing.

Are not these Syrian childrenprotected by any right? TheUnited Nations signed on 1989the Convention on the Rights ofthe Child, the most accepted setof children’s rights in the world.Among these rights it isrecognized the inherent right tolife, as so as the duty ofensuring the survival and

development of the children.This should mean not beingkilled in a war and growing inoptimal conditions.The right of the child toeducation is also recognized.And this is essential to granttheir social, economic andcultural development. Theyshould also have the right tohave a balanced diet ant not dieof hunger, and the right toaccess health services.

All the Syrian children that aresuffering the consequences ofthe war in any way are deprivedof these rights, among others. Itis so unfair the life that manychildren are faced with justbecause they were born in anundeveloped country or in acountry at war. WE HAVE TOSTOP THIS!

Irene Sáez Rodríguez. 2º ESO E

Sweet Syrian child o’ mine


Going back to the britishtradition, local city councilsspend a lot of money onfirework displays, some ofwhich can last up to half an hourand it was estimated that thisyear Britain spent £350 millionon fireworks to mark thisoccasion. We celebrate BonfireNight with fireworks becausethey contain the explosive,gunpowder, the samesubstance Guy Fawkes tried touse to blow up the Houses ofParliament. There used to be anold tradition where childrenwould knock door to doorasking for a 'Penny for theGuy' so that they could buyfireworks, however, now thelegal age in Britain for buyingfireworks is eighteen. In some cities there areprocessions through the citycentre with people carryingtorches and carrying their Guys.Guys, named after GuyFawkes, are dolls or puppetsthat are made out of old clothesstuffed with newspaper onBonfire Night that are thrown

onto the bonfire. In one town inKent called Edenbridge, theGuy is normally a massiveeffigy of a celebrity; this yearthey decided to burn FIFAPresident, Joseph Blatter. Stillto this day, every year on 5November the Queen's Guardgo down into the cellars of theHouses of Parliament to scoutfor barrels of gunpowder. Wecelebrate Bonfire Nightbecause if the plot had not beendiscovered, Britain would have

a completely different historyand different culture today sinceCatholicism would bepredominant, instead ofAnglicism and the Church ofEngland. Without a doubt, thetradition will continue for manyyears to come!

'Remember, remember the fifthof November

Gunpowder treason and plot,We see no reason why

gunpowder treason,Should ever be forgot.'

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Mendoza Herald 6

One of the most well-known Spanishtraditions, bullfights, has also becomeone of the most controversial issues,being in the thick of things nowadays.The point is: should we accept theconcept of animal abuse or the conceptof tradition? Let see both sides and thenyou can decide.

THE TRADITION

Bullfights have got a deep mark in ourculture. It is not only because of the factthat there have been bullfights for a longtime, but it is also a sort of symbol that isat risk of being erased by some groupsof people that are critics, even enemies,of this part of our culture.

From our point of view, there is nothingstrange with killing an animal. Everysingle civilization has made sacrifices aspart of cultural events. What´s more,there are thousands of animals killedevery day for different purposes, and notalways honest reasons. Yet, bullfightsallow the animal to fight, and not always

the bullfighter is the one who wins.Experts on the subject claim that there isa deep, ancient symbolism and rituals inthe performance between the bull andthe bullfighter. Art,in other words.

Bullfights are alsoknown all over theworld, and loads oftourists come to seela Fiesta. This isimportant becauseis an important partof our touristbusiness, whichmeans money andemployment. And talking about this, wemust not forget the large amount ofpeople who earn their living in severaloccupations related to bullfights.

Consequently, we really believe thatbullfights play an important role in ourculture and they must be kept anddefended.

THE ABUSE Bullfights are said tobe an ancient Spanish

tradition and manypeople think thatthis reason is strongenough to maintainsuch an awfulactivity. However,many people havebeen fightingagainst them andtrying to put an endto them since thereare unquestionablereasons.

Animal cruelty is completely forbidden.And bullfights are cruel and a torture forthe animals, because we must also takeinto account that horses are also used. It

is also said that it is a fair fight betweenthe bull and the bullfighter, somethingthat can be easily denied since the bullis completely defenseless. Not tomention the pain and stress the pooranimals suffer. This has a clear name:violation of the animal rights

Finally, we would like to mentionsomething which is hardly evermentioned: the risk of lives. If we areobligated to wear seatbelt, helmets, keepinstructions when driving or walking onthe streets, why bullfighters are allowedto risk their lives?. And if they are badlyhurt, why spending so much money onpeople who seem not to care about theirlives?

From our point of view, there are strongreasons to stop this “tradition” of bloodand absurdity.If so, we will be morecivilized, no doubt.

bullfighting

technology

comes from last pageRemember, Remember, the Fifth of November

man guy fawkes masked protest

a r t o r a n i m a l a b u s e ?

4ºeso


In the north of the UK it will be cloudy and it will rain.In the east it will rain but it will be sunny in the after-

noon.In the center ofthe UK it willsnow and rainwith storms.In the west itwill rain and itwill be sunny.In the south itwill rain too.Lots of rain.So, don´t forgetyour brolly!!!

Winter will be very coldand cloudy in all the pe-ninsula. In the northwest it will be rainy andstormy in the west ofGalicia. In the northeast it will be snowy butin Cataluña it will berainy. In Castilla y Leónit will rain and in Burgosthere will be a storm butin the afternoon it will besunny. In Madrid it willbe snow all day. In theeast it will be cloudy

and it wan´t rain. In the south it will rain but in Cádiz it wan´t . That´sall for now.Merry Christmas!

A Carol is a brief popularsong chorus. It is a musicalcomposition (with it’sassociated poetic form)which was born in the formof secular song, which wonmuch popularity whenpeople stared to associate itwith Christmas. Gradually,the carols began to be sungin temples and churches.The Word carol comes fromthe ancient greek ‘choros’,which means “dancing in a

circle”, and from the OldFrench Word ‘carole’,meaning “a song toaccompany dancing”.Carols were first sung butthese were not ChristmasCarols. They were pagan songs,sung at the Winter solsticecelebrations.(The Winter Solstice is the

shortest day of the year,usually taking place aroundthe 22ndDecember. TheWord carol actually means adance or a song of praiseand joy. Carols used to bewritten and sung during allfour seasons, but only thetradition of singing them atChristmas has reallysurvived.The first carols emerged inthe fifteenth century from themodification of older folksong. The structure of acarol usually consists of theverses and chorus.The earliest carol, waswritten in 1410. Sadly only avery small fragment of it stillexists. The carol was aboutMary and Jesus meetingdifferent people inBethlehem. In the sixteenth century, thechurch decided to promotemusic in the vernacular atMass.Christmas carols in the UK:the origin of many English

Christmas songs (called“Christmas carols”) comefrom the medieval times. Atthat time, groups of singers,called “waits”, traveled fromvillage to village singing oldsongs and carry themessage of goodwill, for aninvitation to dinner.

There are competitions andwhere Christmas songs areplayed such as in TrafalgarSquare in London.Christmas carols are sung

around the Christmas treeand, in most churches, thereis a special service to singcarols by candlelight.

Some popular carols are:Adeste fideles, Oh happyday, Jingle bells.We wish you a merryChristmas, Rudolph the rednosed reindeer, Away in amanger.

Chiristmas carols in Spain:many Spanish Christmascarols are medieval times.They became originally songwith a chorus and sung in

several voices and theinhabitants of the villas sangthem.Some of the most popularspanish christmas carols are“Noche de paz”, ”Dime niñode quien eres” & ”Navidaddulce Navidad”.

Iranzu, Lucia Arnaiz, Violeta Sáez,Sara Mahamud, Alberto García; MarioDe La Arena, Fernando Martínez, FélixDe Miguel, Ana Rivas, Clara Rubio,Jorge Ortiz, Jesús Sáez, Alberto Saiz& Javier García. 2ºESO.

chrystmas carols

Mendoza Herald 7

m i s c e l l a n e o u s

Doctor, doctor, my hair is falling out. Can yougive me something to keep it?Yes, of course. Here´s a shoe box.

The doctor phones his patient.I´ve got good news and bad newsWell then… tell me the good news firstOK. The results of the analysis indicate thatyou have only 24 hours left to live.Well, that´s the good news? Then, what´s thebad news?That I´ve been trying to reach you sinceyesterday.

W e a t h e r forecast in england and spain

What kind of room has no doors or windows?A mushroomI have keys but no locks. I have space but no room. You canenter but can´t go outside. What am I? A keyboardI can fly but I haven´t got wings. What am I? Time

R I D D L E S

Crossword definitions

1 Something that you buy to give to someone on special occasions.2 crown made of flowers typical from Xtmas.3. A very small person that helps Father Christmas make

and give presents to children4. A vehicle that is used to slide on the snow.

6. down: Typical Christmas songs.7. The Three Wise Men ride these animals.

c i t i e s o f e n g l a n d

direction,edition & layout Ismael Ali de Unzaga

coordinators of sections

Olga Renedo EnglishRaquel Lage TechnologyOlga Lázaro EnglishConchita Sangrador MusicDavid González CitizenshipMarta Cid EnglishCarmen Casado EnglishFrances Cadd AssistantIsmael Ali Photography & Art

Journalists bilingual students1º,2º,3º,4ªeso.

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1st eso students


On 5 November in Great Britain there is anational celebration called bonfire night inorder to celebrate the foiling of theGunpowder Plot in 1605. This plot was ledby Catholics and aimed to kill theProtestant British King, James I of Englandby placing thirty-six barrels of gunpowderin the cellars of the Houses of Parliamentin London. The leader of this plot was GuyFawkes but fortunately he was caught

beforethe plotcouldbe putintoaction.He was

arrested, imprisoned, tortured, and killedwith his head placed upon a spike for all ofLondon to see to warn people againstplotting against the King. James I thenordered that the discovery of the plot becelebrated with a huge bonfire and everyyear since, bonfires are built on 5November.

Some people make bonfires in their backgardens but usually they go to watch a

bonfire and firework display at their localpark. Until 1959 it was written in law thateveryone must celebrate Bonfire Night.

But if a group has made a name with theface of British conspirator was thecollective hacker Anonymous.To celebratethis date, the activists computer networkused to perform actions which denounceand attack virtually any entity they believeundermines justice.The main purpose ofAnonymous is to defend freedom ofexpression where it is attacked, no matterwhich country or part of that institution, asin the case of Wikileaks and its creatorJulian Assange, the Tunisia operation,orothers as to support the revolts of the so-called Arab Spring , 15 -M protests, etc.This year the group unveiled the identityand contact information of thousandmembers of the Ku Klux Clan assumptions.

Anonymous declared war on Islamic Stateafter Paris attacks: 'We will hunt youdown'. Expect massive cyber attacks. Waris declared. Get prepared.

today Guy Fawkes:the scourge of power

important (he doesn't want to com-ment on all the controversy thistopic has right now). A museumwhere there isn't anything, such asthe Guggenheim, needs to createan impressive building because itdoesn't have anything else (he toldus about the idea he has about thehuman evolution beyond fossils andbones). The important thing is thatthere is a big space and the wallsmade of glass shows off the mu-seum in a bright luminosity.

L.M. How do you feel when youfind an object that could changethe course of history? vE.C. The experience is unique; I al-ways talk about it, so people canknow about it, it's like winning the

l o t t e r y .Now thatChristmascomes I donot play thelottery, butfor thosewho do; itis likewhen it'sup to afriend orany familym e m b e rand thereis a senseof not pla-ying withhis feet onthe ground

and euphoria. Scientists also haveto, apart from thrill, control the dis-covery and be able to advance therequirements.

But it is true that whenyou're looking for a hominid like us,it's like looking for treasure. I wouldsay it's a unique feeling; and I'mlucky to have been here for thisbecause we have found a lot offossils (over 7000), so I have hadthis experience many times. And Iremember, when we found the 1.3billion year old elephant jaw inAtapuerca in the trench and therailroad. We were very excited.There were diggers who were notmuch older than you and I said: -"Always remember this becauseI don’t think you will feel like thisever again”. This is what it feelslike.

B. P.¿Is it possible to predict howhumans will evolve in the futureconsidering the way they haveevolved until now?

E. C. I like to have a prospect forhumankind, but it is not a linearevolution. That means you can’tpredict how the evolution will be. Ifyou ran 100 m., you know there are5 more after, and so on. But inScience some unknown factorsappear, called emergencies, andthose factors make it impossible toknow what will happen in the future.However, that doesn’t mean that wecannot have a prospect of ourspecies. I have myself directed aproject in Cataluña in order to dothis work.We cannot only prospectan oil well, we can also prospect thefuture situation of our own species.The result of this study tells us thatif we are doing things right we willsurvive, if we do something wrongour species will disappear.

M.I. Which ofthe discove-ries has exci-ted you themost?

E.C. From mypoint of view allof thesediscoverieshave been veryimportant, butthe one overwhichI got themost excitedwas the ¨Homoantecessor¨ , itwas discoveredin the 90sand itis the one which I prefer because itwas an unknown species which wepublished as a new species.

I have been very lucky because Ihave discovered different types ofspecies: Neanderthalensis,

Homosapiens, Heidelbergensis,Antecessor, and Homo erectus.Nowadays I’m working in Africa; mynext goal is to look forsome older species:Homo habilis, homoergaster and australo-pithecus.

M.B.Burgos isa cityreally interested inhuman evolution;when you travel, doyou notice that othercities (or even othercountries) are as in-terested as Burgos?

E.C. As you have said,Burgos is into humanevolution, but whenwe came here 40years ago,it was not ahobby by any means.We realized it was important to es-tablish a conversation with the Bur-gos’s population and to educatethem about the science of evolu-tion.

Nowadays there are journaliststhat are really qualified and well in-formed about this topic; however,many years ago you could findhuge barbarities in newspapers ormagazines.

We can also say that Burgos ismore concerned than other citiesabout these topics,and this could bebecause Atapuerca is the ar-chaeological site with the mostscientific publications in theworld(books, conferences, films, do-cumentaries,etc)The most important point is conti-nuing working on it, because ourcommitment as researchers is toimprove the knowledge and mindsof the population.

L.G.What types of Homo havebeen found in Atapuerca?

E.C.The oldest type that has beenfound in Atapuerca is Homo erectusfrom 1,300,000 years ago, then the-Homo antecessor from 900,000years ago, the Homo heidelbergen-sis from 450,000 years ago and fi-

nally the Homo sapiens. But theywould like to find new Neanderthalsbecause then they would have allthe species that have evolved inEurope. This answered the nextquestion which was if he thinks it ispossible to find new species. Hesaid that he is convinced that it’s

possible but as he said “in scienceconviction doesn’t matter, what isimportant is the consistency and re-

dundancy”.

J.T. what media andsocial repercus-sions provoked thediscoveries of fa-mous remains suchas “Miguelón” andthe pelvis ”Elvis”?

E.C. In fact there havebeen very importantdiscoveries such asthe one you havementioned:“Miguelón” and theskull number 4 forexample. Nowadaysthere are 17 skullscompletely rebuilt and

38 species discovered. When it wasfound, it was the most completeskull in the international collectionof MiddlePleistocene hominids. Inmy opinion it was a very importantevent. We organized a pressconference to which, camejournalists from all over the world.We were surprised that a hugequantity of agencies and mediacame here to Atapuerca,only tolisten to us and to see the skull. Therepercussion was huge. You areyoung but I do not think that therehas been anything since like thatpresentation of those fossils, whichwas published in the most importantscience magazine,called Nature.

C.P. People think that thespecies before the homo sapienswere not as smart as the currenthuman being, what is youropinion?

E.C.They also were intelligent, weare not the only ones. There are alot of intelligent and complexanimals like mammals or evenbirds. The difference is that ourintelligence is formed by ourculture, I mean, culture makes thecurrent human more intelligent thanthe rest of the other species andthis explains why our appellativeand social intelligence is more

developed than the Neanderthals orour other ancestors.In conclusion,every species was intelligent, somemore than others, but this isevolution.

A.R. You have travelled a lot butwhich areas have drawn yourattention the most?

E.C. You're right, I have traveled alot but I am torn. If you ask me inwhich continent I felt more human,where I felt more like who I am, it isthe African continent. In fact, I willleave again in January and I amgoing to spend one month inEritrea, where the ancientinhabitants of the planet lived.

I.B. Could you tell us about thenext remains expected to befound in this deposit?

I have always said, Atapuerca is akind of nest with lots of surprises. In2018 we´ll celebrate the 40thanniversary since we startedworking here. When we arrived

here the oldest remains were in thechasm of the bones whichwas300.000 years old, then wefound hominids from 500.000 yearsago, some from 900.000 years ago, and another from1.300.000 yearsago, and finally we are likely to findthe remains of human presence ornatural activity in these caves thatare supposed to be 1.800.000years old.As I have said before it would be apleasure to find Neanderthals. If weare able to find them we will have acollection of all the species thathave lived in Atapuerca. Our main objective is create areconstruction through thereverse engineering of humanevolution of the whole planet,working from just here inBurgos.

Remember,Remember

the Fifth of November

continues on page 6

a t a pu e r c a

young homo sapiensmechanical stairs,MEH, Burgos

young homo antecessorMEH, Burgos

MEH, Burgos

´Miguelón`homo heidelbergensis

4º eso students acting like the Human evolution

´with homo antecessor we won the lottery`( and I never buy ) E.Carbonell

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Mendoza Herald 8


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