MEMORY Windows

7/30/2019 MEMORY Windows

1/5

Computer Fundamentals

Information Technology It is the process of creating, receiving, storinretrieving, processing and delivering of information from one place to another by thuse of electronic devices such as Mobile phone, Computer etc.

Computer It is an electronic device as well as calculating machine which accepinput, process it and produced desired output.

Basic components of computer areInput Unit, Processing Unit, Output Unit

Input Unit || Processing Unit || Output Unit

Input Unit Input unit translates the data or instruction into the form thacomputer can understand. e.g. keyboard, mouse etc

Processing Unit All the arithmetic and logical operations are carried out processing unit.

Output Unit Output unit translates the processed the data by the computer intthe form that human can understand. e.g. monitor, printer etc.

Hardware The physical components of computer are called as hardware. actually processes the data to create information. Hardware is controlled bsoftware.

Memory The device which is used to store the data.

Types of Memory Internal / Primary Memory The memory which is not transfer from one place to another place is called ainternal Memory.

Types of Primary Memory 1) RAM : Random Access Memory2) ROM : Read Only Memory

Working of RAM & RomRAM ROM

1) Random Access Memory Read Only Memory2) It is used for reading as well aswriting operation

It is used for reading purpose only

3) It is volatile memory. Here datawill be lost as soon as the power isswitched off

It is non-volatile memory. The datawill not be lost even if the power isswitched off

4) SRAM, VRAM, DRAM are thetypes of RAM

PROM, EPROM, EEPROM are thetypes of ROM

5) It is temporary memory It is permanent memory

Keyboard Mouse Control unit ALUArithmetic

logic unit

Memoryunit

Monitor Printer


2/5

Bits / Bytes

Bits Single zero or single one is called as one bit.

Bytes Group of 8 bits is called as one byte.

Nibble Group of 4 bits is called as one nibble.

0 1 bits

1 1 bits

1 byte 8 bits

1KB 1024 bytes

1MB 1024 KB

1GB 1024 MB

1TB 1024 GB

Software It is a set of programs which makes the hardware active. A prograconsists of step by step instruction that tells the computer to do its task.There are three types of software

1) System software2) Application software3) Developmental software

System Software System software is that software which is used to operator run the computer or system.e.g. Operating system.

Application Software Application software is that software which is used tperform a specific task for the specific application.e.g. Word, Excel, PowerPoint.

Developmental Software The software which is used to develop anapplication or program.e.g. all programming languages such as C, C++, VB, JAVA etc.

Operating System It is an interface between the computer hardwarcomputer software and computer user.e.g. windows, Linux etc.

Booting The process of loading operating system files in the RAM memory ocomputer is called as booting.Steps that are carried out while booting

1) POST Power On Self Test2) Loading of System Files


3/5

Dos versus Windows

Dos Points for difference Windows1) Dos is a commandline interface operatingsystem

Type of operatingsystem

Windows is a graphicaluser interface operatingsystem

2) Input media iskeyboard

Input media Input device is mouse &keyboard both

3) Can run only oneprogram at a time i.e.Single user singletasking operatingsystem

Working method Can work moreprograms at a time i.e.Single user multitaskingoperating system

4) User has to remembercommand in order toenter through keyboard

Mode of Instructing User need notremember thecommands in graphicalmode

5) Menus are notavailable in Dos

Easy to Use Menus are available andhence easy to use

6) Difficult as comparedto Windows Overall Result Very easy to use ( userfriendly)

Desktop Desktop is the primary screen for windows having small graphicprograms called and a horizontal bar at the bottom called as taskbar.

Properties of Desktop 1) Place the mouse arrow on the desktop2) Give a single right click3) Go to properties tab4) Give a single left click You will get a dialog box,

5) Select any pattern style & wall paper style from the list.6) Select Tile/Centre option7) Click on Apply & Click on OK.

Themes Desktop Screen Saver Appearance Settings

Tile/Centre

OK Cancel Apply

Pattern Wall Paper


4/5

Screen Saver 1) Place the mouse arrow on the desktop2) Give a single right click3) Go to properties tab & left click4) Select Screen Saver tab5) Select any screen saver time to clockwise by clicking on the down heade

triangle

6) Set the wait time7) Click on Apply & Click on OK.

Taskbar Itis a horizontal bar present at the bottom of desktop having stabutton on the left hand side to perform different tasks & clock on the right hanside showing the current time.

Icon These are small graphics representing programs or application.

To change the position of taskbar 1) Place the position of the cursor inside the taskbar (in blank space).2) Drag the mouse towards any side of the screen.

To change the width of taskbar 3) Place the position of the cursor on the border of the task bar.

4) Drag Upward direction becomes big Downward direction becomes small.

To change or modify the properties of the taskbar

Always on top

Auto Hide

Show small icons instart menu

Show Clock

OK Cancel Apply

Dialog Box

If we do not

want a taskbar. Click on

outside.

Checked

Unchecked


5/5

1) Place the mouse arrow to the blank area of the taskbar2) Give a single right click3) Go to properties tab4) Give a single left click

Dragging Keeping the mouse left button pressed & moving it in the requiredirection is called as dragging.

Folder It is a collection of files and subfolder.To Create folder on desktop

1) Place the mouse arrow on the desktop2) Give a single right click3) Go to new tab4) Go to folder tab & give a left click5) Type the name for the folder6) Press enter key or click outside

To Rename folder 1) Select the folder which is to be renamed & give a right click on it2) Go to rename tab & left click3) Type a new name for the folder4) Press enter key or click outside

To Delete folder / File 1) Select the folder which is to be deleted & give a right click on it2) Go to delete tab & left click3) Click on Yes

To Open folder/File 1) Select the folder which is to be opened & give a right click on it2) Left click on open option

OR1) Select the folder which is to be opened & press enter key from keyboard

OR1) Double click on the folder which is to be opened

To save a file in your folder1) Go to any application (e.g. Paint brush, MS word)2) Type the matter or draw drawings3) Go to file menu-click on save as option.(A save as dialogue box will open)4) Select your folder name by clicking the down headed triangle in save in te

box5) Type the file name in file name text box6) Click on Save tab

Documents

MEMORY Windows