Memmler’s A&P

Chap 6 The Skin

The Skin p108The Integumentary system is made up of the

skin and accessory structures: – Glands– Hair– Nails

Structure of the skin p108-110• Layers of the skin:– Epidermis– Dermis– Subcutaneous layer

Accessory structures of the skin p108

•Sebaceous glands•Sudoriferous glands:•Eccrine glands•Apocrine glands

•Hair •Nails

Functions of the skin p112• Protection against disease• Protection against dehydration• Regulation of body temperature• Collection of sensory information

Observations of the skin p114-115• Pallor• Flushing• Cyanosis• Jaundice• Diaphoresis• Ecchymosis

Lesions p115

Surface lesionsA. MaculeB. PapuleC. VesicleD. Pustule

Deeper lesionsp 116

•Excoriation•Laceration•Ulcer•Fissure

Burns p116• Burns are assessed by the depth of damage

and the percentage of body surface area involved.

• Main risks with burns is dehydration and infection due to the disruption of the skin.

Tissue repair p117

• Epithelial tissue repairs easily.• Connective tissue (cartilage) repairs slowly.• Muscle tissue and nervous tissue : replaced

by connective tissue.

Wound healing p117• Affected by:– Nutrition– Blood supply– Infections– Age

Effects of aging on integ system 118• Wrinkles• Dermis thins• Elasticity is lost• Extra pigmentation: brown spots• Hair is not replaced as rapidly• Decreased numbers of sweat glands• Nails become brittle, thick, discolored

Care of the skin p118

• WASH IT REGULARLY!!!

Skin disorders p118-119• Dermatology• Dermatitis– Atopic dermatitis– Psoriasis– Cancer• Basal cell carcinoma• Squamous cell carcinoma• Melanoma

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Skin Cancer: A. Basal cell carcinomaB. Squamous cell carcinomaC. Melanoma

Skin disorders continued, p119• Acne• Impetigo• Viral infections• Fungal infection• Alopecia

Skin disorders continued p 120-121• Allergy– Pruritus– Urticaria

• Pressure ulcers: bedsores, decubitus ulcers