MEMBRANE ASSISTED CRYSTALLIZATION

8/19/2019 MEMBRANE ASSISTED CRYSTALLIZATION

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/membrane-assisted-crystallization 1/12

MEMBRANE ASSISTEDCRYSTALLIZATION

Prepared by :

Upasana Wadhwani

Guided by :

Dr. Bina Sengupta

1



INTRODUCTION

Crystallization is one of the oldest important separation andpurification process.

The crystallization process consists of two major events, nucleationand crystal growth.

Supersaturation is the driving force for crystallization.

As a result crystals of different shapes and sizes are obtained.

The control of crystal size and shape constitutes one of the majorchallenges in industries.

The interest in combining membrane operations and solutioncrystallization is motivated by the aim to develop more efficientcrystallization processes.

Membranes, with their intrinsic characteristics of efficiency andoperational simplicity leads to significant innovation in bothprocesses and products.

Herman Kramer-Influence of solubility characteristics on experimental application and energy saving potential from

http://www.academia.edu/13279506/Membrane-assisted-crystallization

2



WHY MEMBRANES ?

Membranes are used due to their following properties

!perational simplicity

"igh selectivity

#ermeability for the transport of specific components

Compatibility between different membrane operations in integrated

systems $ow energetic re%uirement

&ood stability under operating conditions

'nvironmental compatibility

'asy control and scale(up

$arge operational fle)ibility

Enrico Drioli, Gianluca Di Profio, Efrem Curio. Membrane-Assisted Crstallization Technology-Vol 2;2013.

3



WORKING OF MEMBRANE ASSISTED CRYSTALLIZATION

Based on the utilization of hydrophobic micro porous membranes.

The double nature of the membrane impedes the passage of the contacted solutionsthough the membrane in the liquid state allows the formation of a double

liquid/vapor interface on both the sides of the membrane.

A gradient of chemical potential between these two interfaces due to a temperature

and/or concentration differences is the driving force of the overall process.

Di Profio- Membrane crystallization technology: heterogeneous nucleation above the membrane surface fromhttp://www.itm.cnr.it/index.php/en/staff-2/2-non-categorizzato/95-highlights-di-profio-2

4



MAIN FEATURES OF MEMBRANE ASSISTED CRYSTALLIZATION

!ell controlled nucleation and growth "inetics

#embrane surface promoting heterogeneous nucleation

$election of polymorphic forms

%educed energy consumption &ast crystallization rates and reduced induction time


5



CONVENTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION VS MEMBRANE

ASSISTED CRYSTALLIZATION

CONVENTIONAL

CRYSTALLIZATION

MEMBRANE ASSISTED

CRYSTALLIZATION

There is no control over the shape and sizeof crystals formed.

#embranes help to form crystals of uniformshape and size.

There is a large variation in product quality

and infle'ibility of the process due to theentanglement of different phenomena suchas primary nucleation secondarynucleation and so on.

#embrane assisted crystallization improves

the product quality due to membranesintrinsic characteristics and also provides alarge operational fle'ibility.

The energy requirement is comparativelylarge.

(nergy requirement is comparatively low.

The product is not much stable under theoperating conditions.

)ood stability under the operating conditionsand environmental compatibility.

*rystallization rates are relatively low ascompared to membrane assistedcrystallization.

+rovides nucleation and crystal growth inseparate compartments and thus improvesthe crystallization rates.


6



MEMBRANE ASSISTED CRYSTALLIZATION PROCESSES

*ialysis

+orward !smosis

Membrane distillation everse !smosis

Membrane Contactors

Membrane eactors

Solvent evaporation membrane crystallizer

Antisolvent membrane crystallizer

Support li%uid membranesMembrane Templates

MEMBRANE ASSISTED CRYSTALLIZATION CONFIGURATIONS


7



MEMBRANE DISTILLATION

Membrane distillation is a thermally driven process.

he hydrophobic nature o! the membrane prevents the passage o!

li"uids through the pores# while allowing the passage o! volatilesolvent in vapor phase

he temperature gradient across the two sides causes solventvapor to di$use through the membrane and to condense on thecolder solution sur!ace.

he transport mechanism isbro%en down into threesteps:&. 'vaporation at the

membrane inter!ace atthe !eed side#

(. Migration o! thevapori)ed solventthrough the drymembrane pores# and

*. +ondensation on theopposite distillate side.

Lawson, K.W. and Lloyd, D.R. Membrane distillation, J. Membr. Sci., 1997; 124:1–25.

8



ANTISOLVENT MEMBRANE CRYSTALLIZER

SCHEME 1

Solute and solvent are miscible.

,ntisolvent evaporated in solution !rom another side.

,ntisolvent mi-es with the solvent and reduced solute solubility in solvent.

his creates supersaturation at !eed side and results in solutecrystalli)ation.

Stabile C, Caridi A, Curcio E, Drioli E.-Antisolvent membrane crystallization of pharmaceutical compounds.-J Pharm Sci. 2009 Dec



SCHEME 2

he antisolvent and the solvent are miscible.

, vapor pressure is generated between the two sides o! the membranes by atemperature di$erence

he solvent having higher vapor pressure# evaporates at a higher rate# thusproducing a certain degree o! solvent/antisolvent demi-ing.

,s the !raction o! antisolvent in the mi-ture increases !rom the initialcomposition# the lower solubility o! the solute generates supersaturation anda phase separation occurs.

Stabile C, Caridi A, Curcio E, Drioli E.-Antisolvent membrane crystallization of pharmaceutical compounds.-J Pharm Sci. 2009 Dec

10



APPLICATIONS

,pplication in +hemical 0eld *arbon ,io'ide %ecovery

#embrane based evaporation crystallization

#embrane crystallization in water treatment

+reparation of tubular membranes by $team assisted crystallization

,pplication in Pharmaceutical and Biological 0eld#A* for recovery of pharmaceutical compound from waste streams

Trypsin crystallization by membrane based techniques

*rystallization of membrane proteins mediated by antibody fragments

[1] Ye, J. Lin, J. Shen, P. Luis, B. Van der Bruggen, "Membrane Crystallization of Sodium Carbonate for Carbon Dioxide Recovery

vol. 13, 2013;2362–2372

[2] Hajduk PJ and Greer J. A decade of fragment-based drug design: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2007; 6:211-219 2005; 1171-1176.[3] Konig A and Weckesser D. Membrane based evaporation crystallization

11



THANK YOU

12

Documents

MEMBRANE ASSISTED CRYSTALLIZATION