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JOHNSTONE CENTRE OF PARKS,RECEATION AND HERITAGE
REPORT Nº 61
Melanesian Cultural HeritageManagement Identification Study
Strategic Issues DocumentREPORT TO THE FORUM SECRETARIAT
byDirk H.R. Spennemann
Robert J. Meyenn
ALBURY AUSTRALIA1996
Draft v. 1.2 — Date — ii —
© The authors and the Johnstone Centre of Parks, Recreation and Heritage, 1996All rights reserved. The contents of this study are copyright in all countries subscribing to the BerneConvention. No parts of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage andretrieval system, without the written permission of the author, except where permitted by law.
Spennemann, Dirk H.R. (Dirk Heinrich Rudolph), 1958—Melanesian Cultural Cultural Heritage Management Identification Study. StrategicIssues Document. Report to the Forum Secretariat. — Albury, NSW.: Charles SturtUniversity, The Johnstone Centre of Parks, Recreation and Heritage, 1996.1 v., ill., maps.—(Report nº 61 / The Johnstone Centre for Parks, Recreation andHeritage)Bibliography.I. Robert John Meyenn (1944—) II. The Johnstone Centre for Parks, Recreation andHeritage. III.Title. IV. Series
Keywords:Melanesia-Cultures-ManagementMelanesia-Education-Curriculum Design
Draft v. 1.2 — Date — iii —
ContentsPreface ................................................................................................................ iv
Introduction............................................................................................................... 1Issues by country................................................................................................. 1
References and resources consulted.......................................................................... 3Legislation and policy documents ........................................................................ 3Published resources ............................................................................................. 3
Issues by Country..................................................................................................... 1Fiji........................................................................................................................ 1Solomon Islands ............................................................................................... 16Vanuatu.............................................................................................................. 43New Caledonia................................................................................................... 73Papua New Guinea........................................................................................... 105
Draft v. 1.2 — Date — iv —
PrefaceThis document represents the second phase of the Melanesian Cultural Cultural Heritage ManagementIdentifcation Study funded by the European Union. The present document is the second document ofthe study.
The first was:Spennemann, D.H.R. & K.Vusoniwailala (1995) Melanesian Cultural Heritage Management Identification Study.Trip Report Nº 1. Initial consultation and in-country visit. Report to the Forum Secretariat. Johnstone Centre ofParks, Receation and Heritage Report Nº 48. Albury: Charles Sturt University, Johnstone Centre of Parks,Receation and Heritage.
Acknowledgements
The following indviduals assisted in the compilation of this strategic issues document with theirdiscussions during the first and second in-country visits:
Isabelle Adrian (Survey Officer, Destination Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa); John Airoa (Principal ofMalapoa College, Port Vila); Kalontas Alfred (First Secretary, Ministry of Education, Port Vila);Lazere Azal, Executive Officer (Department of Culture, Religion, Women's Affairs and Archives, PortVila); Billy Bakokoto (Director, Centre de Recherches de Developpment Pedagogique, Port Vila);John Baura (Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Aviation, Honiara); Marc Beserie(ACP:EU Bureau, Suva); Lissant Bolton (Senior Collection Manager, Australian Museum, Sydney);Xavier Bonnel (Technical Advisor, Vanuatu Tourism Development Master Plan, Port Vila); ChristineBurke (Archaeologist Fiji Museum, Fiji); Marc Busse (Assistant Director, Papua New GuineaNational Museum and Art Gallery, Port Moresby); Marie-Josée Consigny-Gallegos (Director ofProgramming and Planning, Territorial Government, Nouméa); Bruno Corre (Director of the NewCaledonian Territorial Archives, Nouméa); Seroi Eoe (Director, Papua New Guinea National Museumand Art Gallery, Port Moresby); Stanislaus Etul (Director, Curriculum Development Center, Ministryof Education, Port Vila); Lawrence Foanaota (Director National Museum of the Solomon Islands,Honiara); Françoise Fradet (Head of Cultural Affairs, Southern Provincial Government, Nouméa);Jean-Cristophe Gallipaud (Archaeologist, ORSTOM, Port Vila); Peter Gibbons (SchoolAdministration and support, Vanuatu Government, Port Vila); Max Herman (Adviser to the Ministryof Tourism, Port Vila); Ranjit Hewagama (Legal draftsman, Attorney Generals Office, Honiara);Roger Hill (Representative of the European Union, Nouméa); Henry Isa (Chief of the CulturalDivision, Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Aviation, Honiara); Gerd Jarchow (Head of Delegation,European Commission, Suva); Donald Kalpokas (Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Education,Port Vila); Emmanuel Kasarherou (Director of the Museé de Neo-Caledonie du Nouméa and culturalofficer of the Centre Culturel Jean Marie Tjibaou, Nouméa); Donald Kudu (Permanent Secretary forLands, Honiara); Helen Laan (Curriculum Development Specialist (Mathmatics), CurriculumDevelopment Center, Ministry of Education, Port Vila); Lucy Laviti (Curriculum DevelopmentSpecialist (Radio Programmes), Curriculum Development Center, Ministry of Education, Port Vila);Enok Leon (Curriculum Development Specialist (Arts & Crafts, Mathmatics), CurriculumDevelopment Center, Ministry of Education, Port Vila); Nathalie Lozach (Tourism Officer,Gouvernment De La Province Sud, Nouméa); Pa'o Luteru (ACP:EU Bureau, Suva); Donald Malesa(Curriculum Development Centre, Honiara); Herman Mandui (Impact Archaeologist, PNG NationalMuseum, Port Moresby); Joseph Manerapu (Coordinator of Adult and Further Education, SICHEHoniara); Lydia Mareke (Co-ordinator of the Advanced Diploma Program, SICHE Honiara); HubertMartinetz (Delegation of the European Union, Honiara); John Muke (Dept. Anthropology andArchaeology, Universty of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby); Irene Naitoro (Assistant to theDirector of the Solomon Islands Cultural Centre, Honiara); John Naitoro (Director of the Solomon
Draft v. 1.2 — Date — v —
Islands Cultural Centre, Honiara); Anne Naupa (Malapoa College, Port Vila); Andrew Need(Economical Advisor, Pacific Forum Secretariat, Suva); Melin Ngele (Curriculum DevelopmentSpecialist (English), Curriculum Development Center, Ministry of Education, Port Vila); Loli Ngira(Deputy Director Sale and Marketing, Telekom Honiara); Charles Pearce (Social Sciences andGeography, Malapoa College, Port Vila); Simon Poraituk (Deputy Director, Papua New GuineaNational Museum and Art Gallery, Port Moresby); E. Ramosaea (Principal Philatelic Officer,Ministry of Post and Communication, Honiara); Ralph Regenvanu (Director, Vanuatu Cultural Centre,Port Vila); Roberto Rensi (Economic Counsellor, European Commission, Suva); Patrick Rori(Curriculum Development Specialist (English), Curriculum Development Center, Ministry ofEducation, Port Vila); Jaques Sese (Director of Basic Education, Ministry of Education, Port Vila);Jacob Simet (Executive Officer, Papua New Guinea National Cultural Commission, Port Moresby);Geza Strammer (Planning Department, Port Vila); Pamela Swadling (Curator Archaeology, PapuaNew Guinea National Museum and Art Gallery, Port Moresby); Gabriel Talokawi (Director of theSolomon Islands College of Higher Education Honiara); Samisoni Tapualiki (School of Education,Solomon Islands College of Higher Education, Honiara); Olga Tariweu (Secretray General of theNational Commission for UNESCO, Ministry of Education, Port Vila); Teuea Toatu (TechnicalAssistant, Forum Secretariat, Suva); François Vidal (Technical Adviser, Vanuatu Teachers College,Ministry of Education, Port Vila); Hans von Bieler (European Union Representative, Port Vila);Nikenike Vurobaravu (Deputy Secretary General, Forum Secretariat, Suva); Connie Wells (Director,Connie's Art Belong Yumi, Port Vila); Eslpeth Wingham (Project Manager, World HeritageProgramme, Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Aviation, Honiara); Martha Yamsiu (Manager, VanuatuCultural and Historical Site Survey, Port Vila);.
Introduction
Heritage Planning, as any other planning, can only work is all the parameters are spelled out clearly, ifall the threats and problems have been identified and analysed in a structured fashion to isolatesymptoms from causes, and to identify the underlying causal variables giving rise to many problems.
This document represents an attempt to summarise the key issues facing the cultural heritagemanagement programmes of New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea,based on in-country visits of by Spennemann/Vusoniwailala in November 1995 and in-country feedback to Spennemann/Meyenn in March 1996 and June 1996. The document comprises a series oftables which set out the issues and summarise the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats foreach issue and which develop a series of program areas which might be suitable for regional EU-funded projects.
The comments in this document have been drawn up based upon reflection of comments made byparties interviewed, as well as personal observations. The perceived weaknesses and threats expressedbelow are not to be construed as expressed criticisms of the status quo but as issues which the culturalheritage managers may wish to consider in the present and future heritage planning.
Likewise, while the strengths should be read as laudable achievements, they need to be maintained soas not to turn into weaknesses. If the underlying assumptions of proposed projects rely on currentlevels of identified strengths, then the reduction of these strengths will create threats to the success ofthe project(s).
All countries had input into the tables in their initial creation, as well as opprtunities to comment ontheir relevant sections of the document.
Past Future
Positive
Negative
Strengths
ThreatsWeaknesses
Opportunities
Figure 1. Traditional SWOT Analysis
Issues by countryThe issues are set out by country and use the traditional SWOT analysis approach (figure 1).
These issues are summarised here to allow the development of project and programme areas. The per-ceived weaknesses and threats expressed below are not to be construed as criticisms of the status quobut as issues which the cultural heritage managers may wish to consider in the present and future her-itage planning.
Spennemann& Meyenn , Melanesian Cultural Heritage Management Identification Study, Strategic Issues Document
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Likewise, while the strengths should be read as laudable achievements, they need to be maintained soas not to turn into weaknesses. If the underlying assumptions of proposed projects rely on currentlevels of identified strengths, then the reduction of these strengths will create threats to the success ofthe project(s).
The material has been structured into five major categories with a number of sub categories for each.These categories are not country specific as the table material needs permit a regional and subregionalanalysis.
1.0 Cultural Heritage Manifestations1.1. Immovable Cultural Heritage1.2. Moveable Cultural Heritage1.3. Intangible Cultural Heritage
2.0 Cultural Heritage Policy and Planning2.1. Heritage Policy2.2. Cultural Heritage Legislation2.3. Heritage Planning2.4. Funding Base2.5. Heritage Agencies2.6. Key Stakeholders
3.0. Cultural Heritage Integration into other sectors3.1. Formal Education3.2. Community Education3.3. Tourism
4.0 Heritage Data Management4.1. Land Management4.2. Heritage Site Inventory4.3. Heritage Site Management4.3. Research4.4. Local Control
5.0 Cultural Heritage Infrastructure5.1. Extent of skill base5.4. Operations5.5. Communications
Each of these sub-categories has a number of issues appended. Not all issues were seen as relevant inall of the countries, and thus several blanks table cells remain.
Spennemann& Meyenn , Melanesian Cultural Heritage Management Identification Study, Strategic Issues Document
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References and resources consulted
Legislation and policy documents
GeneralResolutions, Pre-MSG Cultural Officers Meeting, Honiara, Solomon Islands 13-14 July 1995.
Resolutions, PIMA/PREMO Meeting 26-28 July 1995, Port Vila, Vanuatu
FijiPreservation of Objects of Archaeological and Palaeontological Interest Act (1940)
New CaledoniaProvince Iles (1988) Deliberation relative à la protection et à la conservation du patrimonie dans la Province Iles
Province Nord (1990) Deliberation relative à la protection et à la conservation du patrimonie dans la Province Nord
Province Sud (1990) Deliberation relative à la protection et à la conservation du patrimonie dans la Province Sud
Province Sud (1991) Deliberation réglementant la création et le fonctionnemnet des agences de voyages
Province Sud (1993) Deliberation réglementant la création et le fonctionnemnet des agences de tourisme
Papua New GuineaDepartment of Culture and Tourism (1990) Papua New Guinea Five-Year Cultural Development Plan.
Solomon IslandsGuadacanal Province (1982) Guadacanal Province Policy on Research.
Guadacanal Province (1985) Establishment of Protected Areas Ordinance (LN35/82; LN 58/85)
Guadacanal Province (1985) Protection of Historic Places Ordinance (LN 57/85)
Guadacanal Province (1987) Guadacanal Cultural Preservation and Development. Draft Policy Statement
Solomon Islands National Museum (1992) Solomon Islands National Museum and Cultural Centre Policy
Western Province (1989) Solomon ISlands Western Province Policy on Culture.
VanuatuDeposits of Books Act of 1975 (Laws of the Republic of Vanuatu, Chapter 88)
Ministry of Education (1993) Joint Public statement of the Hon. Deputy Prime Minister and Minister responsible for Cultureand the Hon.Minister of Education on the encouragement of cultural studies in schools, Port Vila, 5 February 1993
Preservation of Sites and Artifacts Act of 1965 (Laws of the Republic of Vanuatu, Chapter 39);
Vanuaru Cultural and Historic Sites Survey 91993) Cultural policy on the conservation of traditional arts and artefcats ofVanuatu (Draft) Submission to the Minieter of Justice, Culture and Women's Affairs
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Sope, M. (1980) The people. in B. Weightman and H. Lini (eds), Vanuatu. Twentu wan tinting long team blong indipendens.Suva: University of the South Pacific. pp. 36-53.
Spennemann, D.H.R. (1992) World War II Remains on Central Pacific Islands: Perceptions of Heritage versus Priorities ofPreservation. The Pacific Review 5 (3), 1992, 278-290.
Spennemann, D.H.R. (1995) Cultural Heritage Management: medium- to long-term planning of a future for our past. inpreparation ����
Spennemann, D.H.R. (1996) Proactive Cultural Heritage Management: "Advertising" options for Pacific Island Countries. TheJohnstone Centre for Parks, Recreation and Heritage Report ��— The Johnstone Centre for Parks, Recreation andHeritage, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW., 1996.
Spennemann, D.H.R. and Meyenn, R.J. (1996) Melanesian Cultural Heritage Management Identification Study. Trip Report Nº2. Second consultation and in-country visit. Report to the Forum Secretariat. Johnstone Centre of Parks, Receation andHeritage Report Nº ��. Albury: Charles Sturt University, Johnstone Centre of Parks, Receation and Heritage.
Spennemann, D.H.R. and Vusoniwailala, K. (1995) Melanesian Cultural Heritage Management Identification Study. TripReport Nº 1. Initial consultation and in-country visit. Report to the Forum Secretariat. Johnstone Centre of Parks,Receation and Heritage Report Nº 48. Albury: Charles Sturt University, Johnstone Centre of Parks, Receation andHeritage.
Teaheniu, Castro (1995a) Kirio Demands $10000. Taem Bifo-Solomon Islands Museum Newsletter. 6, August 1995, p. 21.
Teaheniu, Castro (1995b) Solomon Islands Cultural Centre. Taem Bifo-Solomon Islands Museum Newsletter. 6, August 1995,p. 18-19.
Totu, V. and Roe, D. (1991) The Guadalcanal Cultural Centre, Solomon ISlands: keeping custom in the 1980s. in S.M. Eoe andP Swadling (eds), Museums and cultural centres in the Pacific. Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea National Museum. Pp.113-131.
Tumu, A. and Kyaka, A.K. (1991) The Enga Cultural Centre, Wabag, PNG. in S.M. Eoe and P Swadling (eds), Museums andcultural centres in the Pacific. Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea National Museum. Pp. 53-63.
VCHSS (1992) Wokabaot blong olgeta blong V.C.H.S.S. Vanuatu Cultural and Historical Site Survey, Port Vila, Vanuatu.
Spennemann& Meyenn , Melanesian Cultural Heritage Management Identification Study, Strategic Issues Document
— — 7 —
Vianney, A. (1991) The Vanuatu Cultural Centre in S.M. Eoe and P Swadling (eds), Museums and cultural centres in thePacific. Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea National Museum. Pp. 155-160.
Voi, M. (1994) AN overview of cultural policy in Papua New Guinea since 1974. in L.Lindstrom and G.M. White (eds),Culture-Kstom-Tradition. Developing Cultural Policy in Melanesia. Suva: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of theSouth Pacific. Pp.87-94.
Wale, Edward (1995) Conservation section. Taem Bifo-Solomon Islands Museum Newlsetter. 6, August 1995, p. 17.
Whiting, Neil (1994) Wrecks and reefs, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Robert Brown & Associates, Coorparoo, Qld.
Winion, N. (1991) The North Solomons Cultural Centre, PNG. in S.M. Eoe and P Swadling (eds), Museums and culturalcentres in the Pacific. Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea National Museum. Pp. 101-106.
Spennemann& Meyenn , Melanesian Cultural Heritage Management Identification Study, Strategic Issues Document
— — 8 —
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
— 8
—
Issu
es b
y C
ount
ry
Fiji
1. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge m
anif
esta
tions
Cat
egor
yIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts1.
1. I
mm
ovab
le C
ul-
tura
l H
erit
age
1.1.
1. A
rcha
eolo
gyex
iste
nce
of a
var
ied
and
com
plex
arch
aeol
ogic
al r
ecor
d th
roug
hout
Fij
i, w
ith
a ra
nge
of a
rcha
eolo
gica
lsi
te t
ypes
Det
erio
rati
on o
f th
ese
site
sth
roug
h na
tura
l di
sast
ers,
ne-
glec
t an
d ac
tive
dev
elop
men
t
tang
ible
evi
denc
e fo
r in
terp
reti
ngF
iji's
pas
t if
int
erpr
eted
pro
perl
yfo
r ed
ucat
iona
l pu
rpos
es f
orto
uris
ts,
scho
ol c
lass
es;
pote
ntia
l in
com
e ea
rner
s fo
r la
ndow
ners
cont
inue
d de
cay,
incr
ease
d de
cay
thro
ugh
in-
terp
reta
tion
1.1.
Im
mov
able
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
1.2.
His
tori
c si
tes
exis
tenc
e of
a v
arie
d an
d co
mpl
exar
chae
olog
ical
rec
ord
thro
ugho
utF
iji,
wit
h a
rang
e of
arc
haeo
logi
cal
site
typ
es
Det
erio
rati
on o
f th
e si
tes
thro
ugh
natu
ral
disa
ster
s, n
egle
ct a
ndac
tive
dev
elop
men
t
tang
ible
evi
denc
e fo
r in
terp
reti
ngF
iji's
pas
t if
int
erpr
eted
pro
perl
yfo
r ed
ucat
iona
l pu
rpos
es f
orto
uris
ts,
scho
ol c
lass
es;
pote
ntia
l in
com
e ea
rner
s fo
r la
ndow
ners
cont
inue
d de
cay,
incr
ease
d de
cay
thro
ugh
in-
terp
reta
tion
1.1.
Im
mov
able
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
1.3.
Set
tlem
ent
patt
erns
and
vill
age
lay-
out
1.2.
Mov
eabl
e C
ul-
tura
l H
erit
age
1.2.
1. M
ater
ial
cul-
ture
/cra
fts
exis
tenc
e of
a v
iabl
e an
d vi
bran
tsk
ills
and
tra
diti
ons
no r
epos
itor
y fo
r co
ntem
pora
rycr
afts
;no
coo
rdin
atio
n be
twee
n ag
en-
cies
;li
mit
ed s
taff
ing
lim
ited
fun
ding
low
pri
orit
y in
com
mun
ity,
thou
gh s
kill
s co
ntin
ue t
o be
tran
smit
ted
annu
al c
ultu
ral
prog
ram
sst
rong
er g
over
nmen
t su
ppor
t(t
angi
ble
and
inta
ngib
le)
coor
dina
ted
effo
rts
and
prog
ram
sto
pro
mot
e ar
ts a
nd c
ultu
re i
nge
nera
l
vari
ed s
tand
ards
of
prod
uct
loss
of
know
ledg
e an
d sk
ills
lim
ited
gro
wth
lim
ited
non
-gov
ernm
ent
fund
edpr
ogra
ms
1.2.
Mov
eabl
e C
ul-
tura
l H
erit
age
1.2.
2. H
isto
ric
mat
eria
lna
tion
al m
useu
m a
nd a
rchi
ves
are
acti
vely
col
lect
ing
mat
eria
la
larg
e am
ount
of
mat
eria
l is
hel
d in
priv
ate
hand
in
form
of
indi
vidu
alit
ems
and
coll
ecti
ons
a pr
esen
t th
ere
is n
o co
nser
vato
rin
Fij
i, ab
le t
o w
ork
on p
re-
serv
ing
pape
r m
ater
ials
Poo
r co
mm
unit
y aw
aren
ess
abou
tth
e im
port
ance
of
this
mat
eria
lhe
ld i
n pr
ivat
e ha
nds
Pub
lic
educ
atio
n ca
mpa
ign
to r
aise
grea
ter
awar
enes
s on
the
sign
ific
ance
of
the
hist
oric
ma-
teri
als
held
in
priv
ate
hand
, ad
the
need
for
pro
per
stor
age
and
cura
tion
(pr
ivat
ely
or c
entr
ally
)T
rain
ing
of c
onse
rvat
ors
to r
e-so
lve
maj
or c
onse
rvat
ion
prob
lem
s ex
ist
Dan
ger
of l
oosi
ng s
taff
(on
cetr
aine
d an
d sk
ille
d) t
o ot
her
nati
onal
and
int
erna
tion
alag
enci
es
1.2.
Mov
eabl
e C
ul-
tura
l H
erit
age
1.2.
3. A
rchi
val
docu
men
ts
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Fiji
1. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge m
anif
esta
tions
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 9
—
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.1.
Lan
d te
nure
exis
tenc
e of
the
Nat
ive
Lan
dsC
omm
issi
on w
hich
def
ines
and
dea
lsw
ith
man
y of
the
man
agem
ent
issu
esan
d po
lici
es;
acti
ve p
rogr
am t
o pr
otec
t he
rita
gesi
tes
Idea
l in
stit
utio
n to
pro
vide
man
age-
men
t on
a c
omm
unit
y/ru
ral
base
stil
l co
nfli
ct a
risi
ng o
ver
orig
inal
NL
C f
indi
ngs
and
decl
arat
ions
stre
ngth
en N
LC
man
agem
ent
abil
ity
and
enha
nce
co-o
pera
tion
of N
LC
wit
h ot
her
heri
tage
agen
cies
;im
prov
e ap
prec
iati
on o
f he
rita
geis
sues
by
NL
C s
taff
and
in N
LC
poli
cies
Low
pri
orit
isat
ion
of h
erit
age
issu
es
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.2.
Gen
ealo
gies
exis
tenc
e of
a v
iabl
e an
d vi
bran
tin
tang
ible
cul
tura
l he
rita
ge;
subs
tant
ial
amou
nts
of m
ater
ial
has
alre
ady
been
rec
orde
d
stor
age
and
reco
rd k
eepi
ngli
mit
ed a
war
enes
s of
the
exi
s-te
nce
of t
he m
ater
ial
lim
ited
coo
rdin
atio
n of
doc
u-m
enta
tion
eff
orts
wit
h ot
her
agen
cy p
rogr
ams;
lim
ited
acc
essi
bili
ty
rete
ntio
n of
im
port
ant
info
rma-
tion
thr
ough
an
coor
dina
ted
ef-
fort
Los
s of
rec
orde
d m
ater
ial
thro
ugh
poor
rec
ords
man
-ag
emen
t an
d re
cord
spr
eser
vati
on
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.3.
Lin
guis
tics
Fij
ian
and
Hin
dust
an l
angu
ages
ac-
tive
ly s
poke
n an
d ta
ught
in
scho
ols
Onl
y ta
ught
to
a ce
rtai
n le
vel;
not
exam
inab
le i
n se
cond
ary
scho
ols
deve
lopm
ent
of l
angu
age
cur-
ricu
lum
to
exte
nd P
idgi
n(p
rom
otio
n of
a r
egio
nal
lan-
guag
e)m
ake
lang
uage
ski
lls
exam
inab
lein
sec
onda
ry s
choo
ls1.
3. I
ntan
gibl
e C
ul-
tura
l H
erit
age
1.3.
4. O
ral
trad
itio
nsex
iste
nce
of a
via
ble
and
vibr
ant
inta
ngib
le c
ultu
ral
heri
tage
vari
ous
agen
cies
and
cen
tres
rec
ord
oral
tra
diti
ons
thre
at b
y w
este
rnis
atio
n co
n-ti
nued
com
mer
cial
isat
ion
of F
iji
lack
of
gove
rnm
ent
prog
ram
s to
fund
doc
umen
tati
on a
nd f
os-
teri
ng o
f or
al t
radi
tion
sth
e do
cum
enta
tion
eff
ort
is n
otco
ordi
nate
dth
e st
orag
e co
ndit
ions
of
the
reco
rdin
gs a
re o
ften
ina
ppro
-pr
iate
, w
deve
lop
awar
enes
s pr
ogra
ms;
deve
lop
prog
ram
s to
inc
lude
dth
ese
elem
ents
in
prim
ary
scho
olcu
rric
ula
form
alis
atio
n of
lin
ks b
etw
een
the
vari
ous
reco
rdin
g ce
ntre
sex
chan
ge o
f te
chni
cal
skil
ls t
osa
fegu
ard
the
futu
re f
the
reco
rdin
gs (
inc,
cen
tral
ised
arch
ives
)
loss
of
know
ledg
e;la
ck o
f w
illi
ngne
ss t
o ba
lanc
etr
adit
iona
l ne
eds
and
idea
s in
a m
oder
n co
ntex
t
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.5.
Per
form
ance
tra
di-
tio
ns
trad
itio
nal
role
s ex
ist
exis
tenc
e of
a v
iabl
e an
d vi
bran
tin
tang
ible
cul
tura
l he
rita
geco
ntem
pora
ry d
ance
the
atre
in
exis
-te
nce;
trad
itio
nal
danc
es a
llow
to
inte
rpre
tF
ijia
n cu
ltur
es f
or t
ouri
st i
n th
e re
-so
rts
danc
e a
maj
or f
utur
e of
exp
ress
ion
for
all
n
thre
at b
y w
este
rnis
atio
n co
n-ti
nued
com
mer
cial
isat
ion
of F
iji
lack
of
gove
rnm
ent
prog
ram
s to
fund
doc
umen
tati
on a
nd f
os-
teri
ng o
f pe
rfor
man
ce;
no i
nsti
tuti
onal
ised
app
roac
h ha
sbe
en m
ade;
no e
ncou
rage
men
t to
con
tinu
e th
ede
velo
pmen
t pr
oces
s ap
art
from
the
t
deve
lop
awar
enes
s pr
ogra
ms;
deve
lop
form
al p
rogr
ams
to i
n-cl
ude
thes
e el
emen
ts i
n pr
imar
ysc
hool
cur
ricu
la;
esta
blis
hmen
t of
a c
entr
e w
ith
mis
sion
to
teac
h an
d re
cord
trad
itio
nal
danc
e an
d pe
rfor
-m
ance
sna
tion
al f
esti
val
regi
onal
and
int
erna
tion
al e
x-ch
ange
loss
of
know
ledg
e;la
ck o
f w
illi
ngne
ss t
o ba
lanc
etr
adit
iona
l ne
eds
and
idea
s in
a m
oder
n co
ntex
t;re
peti
tion
wit
h li
mit
ed i
nput
from
the
dau-
ni-v
ucu
(com
pose
r of
the
dan
ce)
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Fiji
1. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge m
anif
esta
tions
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 1
0 —
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.6.
Mus
icex
iste
nce
of a
via
ble
and
vibr
ant
inta
ngib
le c
ultu
ral
heri
tage
trad
itio
nal
role
s ex
ist
som
e re
sear
ch/s
tudi
es h
ave
been
unde
rtak
enso
me
cont
empo
rary
mat
eria
l is
pro
-du
ced
stud
ies
and
re-
sear
ch/d
ocum
enta
tion
eff
orts
have
bee
n ve
ry l
imit
ed;
no i
nsti
tuti
onal
ised
app
roac
h ha
sbe
en m
ade;
effo
rts
depe
nd o
n in
divi
dual
s;o
inte
llec
tual
cop
yrig
ht l
aws
inpl
ace
to p
rote
ct a
rtis
ts
deve
lop
prog
ram
s to
inc
lude
the
seel
emen
ts i
n pr
imar
y sc
hool
curr
icul
a;es
tabl
ishm
ent
of a
cen
tre
wit
hm
issi
on t
o te
ach
and
reco
rdtr
adit
iona
l m
usic
muc
h of
pre
sent
tra
diti
onal
mus
ic s
uffe
rs f
rom
poo
r pe
r-fo
rman
ce q
uali
ty;
loss
of
over
all
know
ledg
e le
ads
to l
ack
of q
uali
ty c
ontr
ol b
ype
ers
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.7.
Tra
diti
onal
obl
iga-
tion
s/ex
chan
ge s
yste
ms
exis
tenc
e of
a v
iabl
e an
d vi
bran
tin
tang
ible
cul
tura
l he
rita
ge1.
3. I
ntan
gibl
e C
ul-
tura
l H
erit
age
1.3.
8. T
radi
tion
al p
olit
ical
syst
ems
(hie
rarc
hies
/chi
efly
stru
ctur
es e
tc..)
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.9.
Tra
diti
onal
ski
lls
and
know
ledg
etr
adit
iona
l ro
les
exis
tso
me
rese
arch
/stu
dies
hav
e be
enun
dert
aken
stud
ies
and
re-
sear
ch/d
ocum
enta
tion
eff
orts
have
bee
n ve
ry l
imit
ed;
no i
nsti
tuti
onal
ised
app
roac
h ha
sbe
en m
ade;
effo
rts
depe
nd o
n in
divi
dual
s
deve
lop
syst
emat
ic d
ocum
enta
tion
prog
ram
;de
velo
p pr
ogra
ms
to i
nclu
de t
hese
elem
ents
in
prim
ary
scho
olcu
rric
ula;
loss
of
over
all
know
ledg
e
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Fiji
2. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge p
olic
y an
d pl
anni
ngA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 1
1 —
2.1.
Her
itag
e P
olic
y2.
1.1.
Att
itud
e to
Pol
icy
The
pub
lic
serv
ice
com
mis
sion
is
enco
urag
ing
gove
rnm
ent
depa
rt-
men
ts t
o de
velo
p C
orpo
rate
Pla
nsde
fini
ng p
olic
y an
d ob
ject
ives
. M
ost
gove
rnm
ent
depa
rtm
ents
hav
ein
corp
orat
ed h
erit
age
issu
es (
whe
reap
prop
riat
e) i
nto
the
gene
ral
docu
men
ts
no o
vera
rchi
ng n
atio
nal
cult
ural
poli
cyde
velo
p a
nati
onal
cul
tura
l po
licy
by i
ncor
pora
ting
ind
ivid
ual
de-
part
men
tal
obje
ctiv
es a
nd p
oli-
cies
int
o a
cohe
sive
doc
umen
t.
tim
e co
mm
itm
ent
by t
hest
akeh
olde
rs
2.1.
Her
itag
e P
olic
y2.
1.2.
Nat
iona
l H
erit
age
Pol
icy
2.1.
Her
itag
e P
olic
y2.
1.3.
Ins
titu
-ti
onal
/Dep
artm
enta
l po
l-ic
y2.
1. H
erit
age
Pol
icy
2.1.
4.
Pro
vinc
ial/
Dis
tric
tP
olic
y2.
2. C
ultu
ral
Her
-it
age
Leg
isla
tion
2.2.
1. A
ppro
pria
tene
ssm
useu
m i
s co
mpl
etin
g a
revi
ew o
f th
eex
isti
ng '
Pre
serv
atio
n of
Obj
ects
of
Arc
haeo
logi
cal
and
Pal
aeon
tolo
gica
lIn
tere
st A
ct (
1940
)
the
Pre
serv
atio
n of
Obj
ects
... A
ctof
Fij
i is
out
date
d an
d ha
s on
lyli
mit
ed s
tren
gth;
the
lega
l pr
otec
tion
of
heri
tage
is
cove
red
by v
ario
us a
cts
wit
hva
riou
s pa
rtia
lly
over
lapp
ing
leve
ls o
f au
thor
ity
a su
stai
nabl
e de
velo
pmen
t bi
llne
eds
to b
e dr
afte
ddr
afti
ng o
f a
new
Fij
i H
erit
age
Act
whi
ch i
nclu
des
Inte
r al
ia t
hepr
otec
tion
of
mar
itim
e si
tes
and
hist
oric
pla
ces
wit
h st
rong
erpr
ovis
ions
of
man
agem
ent
and
enfo
rcem
ent.
lack
of
gove
rnm
ent
com
mit
-m
ent
to d
raft
ing
and
intr
o-du
cing
the
new
act
s
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.2.
Lev
el o
f pr
otec
tion
The
lev
el o
f pr
otec
tion
is
incr
easi
ngra
pidl
yIn
vie
w o
f th
e ad
vanc
es o
f he
r-it
age
man
agem
ent
theo
ry a
ndth
e in
crea
sed
deve
lopm
ent
pres
sure
, th
e P
rese
rvat
ion
ofO
bjec
ts...
Act
of
Fij
i is
out
date
dH
isto
ric
and
mar
itim
e si
tes
are
only
pro
tect
ed t
hrou
gh i
nter
-pr
etat
ion
of p
rovi
sion
s in
oth
erac
ts
form
alis
e li
nks
betw
een
vari
ous
agen
cies
to
stre
ngth
en c
o-or
-di
nati
on o
f he
rita
ge p
rote
ctio
nef
fort
s;cr
eati
on o
f a
pool
for
her
itag
efu
ndin
g;re
view
the
her
itag
e pr
ovis
ions
of
vari
ous
othe
r ac
ts (
for
exam
ple
the
Nat
ive
Lan
ds T
rust
Boa
rd)
toen
sure
tha
t th
e
Pro
tect
iven
ess
of a
genc
ies
ofth
eir
role
s
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.3.
Enf
orce
men
tor
gani
sed
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
body
in p
lace
(F
iji
Mus
eum
)th
e fi
ning
str
uctu
re o
f th
e he
r-it
age
prot
ecti
on l
egis
lati
on i
sin
suff
icie
nt,
lead
ing
to t
he d
e-m
olit
ion
of m
any
cult
ural
her
-it
age
site
s du
e to
ign
oran
ce o
rm
alev
olen
ce.
trai
ning
of
law
enf
orce
men
t of
fi-
cers
on
the
need
to
poli
ce t
hem
anag
emen
t an
d pr
otec
tion
of
Fij
i's c
ultu
ral
heri
tage
;de
velo
pmen
t of
com
mun
ity
awar
enes
s pr
ogra
ms
lack
of
supe
rvis
ion;
lack
of
mai
nten
ance
of
pro-
gram
s on
a r
egul
ar b
asis
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.4.
Pro
tect
ion
of i
n-ta
ngib
le h
erit
age
exis
tenc
e of
a v
iabl
e an
d vi
bran
tin
tang
ible
cul
tura
l he
rita
gein
tell
ectu
al p
rope
rty
righ
ts h
ave
not
been
add
ress
ed i
n ex
isti
ngle
gisl
atio
n;
docu
men
tati
on a
nd a
ctiv
e te
achi
ngof
thi
s he
rita
ge c
ould
be
impr
oved
;de
velo
pmen
t of
a i
ntel
lect
ual
prop
erty
rig
hts
act/
code
of
ethi
cs
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Fiji
2. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge p
olic
y an
d pl
anni
ngA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 1
2 —
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.5.
Res
earc
h P
erm
its
Her
itag
e re
sear
ch p
erm
itti
ng s
yste
min
pla
ceth
ere
is a
rel
ucta
nce
on b
ehal
f of
the
rese
arch
ers
to a
ccep
t an
dfo
llow
the
im
pose
d co
ndit
ions
.
Ref
orm
ulat
ion
of t
he h
erit
age
act
to i
nclu
de h
isto
rica
l an
d m
arit
ime
arch
aeol
ogy
2.3.
Her
itag
e P
lan-
nin
g2.
2.1.
Att
itud
e to
Pla
nnin
gth
ere
is s
ubst
anti
al c
o-op
erat
ion
be-
twee
n th
e va
riou
s ar
ms
of t
he g
ov-
ernm
ent
wor
king
on
heri
tage
man
-ag
emen
t;ot
her
arm
s of
the
gov
ernm
ent,
such
as
the
Env
iron
men
t D
epar
tmen
t, ar
ede
velo
ping
res
ourc
e m
anag
emen
tpl
ans
whi
ch i
nclu
de h
erit
age
reso
urce
s
the
heri
tage
pla
nnin
g ef
fort
is,
at
pres
ent,
not
cen
tral
ised
;la
ck o
f tr
aine
d st
aff
in v
ario
usag
enci
es
defi
niti
on o
f fo
rmal
rol
es o
f he
r-it
age
plan
ning
and
man
agem
ent
Pro
tect
iven
ess
of a
genc
ies
ofth
eir
role
s
2.3.
Her
itag
e P
lan-
nin
g2.
2.2.
Nat
iona
l L
evel
Pla
nnin
gno
lon
g te
rm n
atio
nal
deve
lop-
men
t pl
anni
ng o
f cu
ltur
e an
d th
ear
ts
incl
usio
n of
cul
ture
, he
rita
ge a
ndth
e ar
ts i
n th
e fo
rmal
nat
iona
lde
velo
pmen
t pl
an a
s an
are
a of
impo
rtan
ce
heri
tage
not
pri
orit
ised
on
ana
tion
al l
evel
2.3.
Her
itag
e P
lan-
nin
g2.
2.3.
Ins
titu
-ti
onal
/Dep
artm
enta
lP
lann
ing
Fij
i M
useu
m c
omm
itte
d to
pro
acti
vew
ork
and
plan
ning
Cor
pora
te p
lann
ing
curr
entl
ybe
ing
carr
ied
out
on a
dep
art-
men
tal
leve
l on
ly;
heri
tage
not
tak
en a
s an
iss
ueap
art
from
tho
se a
genc
ies
spec
ific
ally
cha
rges
wit
h th
ere
spon
sibi
lity
no o
vera
rchi
ng p
lann
ing,
no n
atio
nal
inte
grat
ion
of h
er-
itag
e ef
fort
s
Co-
ordi
nati
on o
f he
rita
ge r
elat
edpl
anni
ng e
ffor
ts t
hrou
ghou
t th
ego
vern
men
t
Her
itag
e is
sues
may
not
be
give
n pr
iori
ty b
y va
riou
sgo
vern
men
t de
part
men
ts,
re-
sult
ing
in a
rel
ucta
nce
topa
rtic
ipat
e in
suc
h a
proc
ess
2.3.
Her
itag
e P
lan-
nin
g2.
2.3.
Ins
titu
-ti
onal
/Dep
artm
enta
lP
lann
ing
Fij
i M
useu
m c
omm
itte
d to
pro
acti
vew
ork
and
plan
ning
As
this
a r
ecen
t m
anag
emen
tis
sue
in F
iji,
ther
e li
mit
edaw
aren
ess
for
the
need
for
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
plan
ning
in m
any
agen
cies
publ
ic e
duca
tion
;tr
aini
ng o
f st
aff
of o
ther
age
ncie
sto
pro
acti
vely
wor
k on
her
itag
eis
sues
2.3.
Her
itag
e P
lan-
nin
g2.
2.4.
P
rovi
ncia
l/D
istr
ict
Lev
el P
lann
ing
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.1.
Nat
iona
l G
over
n-m
ent
Nat
iona
l go
vern
men
t fu
nds
the
Fij
iM
useu
m o
pera
ting
cos
ts a
nd t
he s
taff
Lim
ited
fun
ding
;co
nstr
aint
s on
sta
ff e
xpan
sion
incr
ease
fun
ding
all
ocat
ion
for
the
mus
eum
, bo
th o
pera
ting
gra
ntan
d in
fras
truc
tura
l gr
ant
stag
nati
on o
r de
crea
ses
infu
ndin
g le
vels
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.2.
NG
O's
lim
ited
fun
ding
bas
e; c
an a
cces
s do
nor
fund
ing
lim
ited
gra
nt w
riti
ng s
kill
s, l
im-
ited
acc
ess
to d
onor
fun
ding
impr
ove
abil
ity
to a
ttra
ct d
onor
fund
ing
for
proj
ects
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.3.
Reg
iona
l he
rita
gebo
dies
fund
ing
s ob
tain
ed f
rom
reg
iona
lbo
dies
for
com
mun
icat
ions
, tr
aini
nget
c.
requ
ires
lia
ison
to
agre
e on
5 y
ear
prog
ram
me
and
iden
tifi
cati
on o
ffu
nds
stro
ng a
nd d
ynam
ic r
egio
nal
her-
itag
e bo
dies
mai
ntai
ning
lia
ison
and
fo-
cuss
ed o
bjec
tive
s
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.4.
Gra
nt w
riti
ng s
kill
sth
e m
useu
m i
s su
cces
sful
in
obta
inin
ggr
ants
fro
m v
ario
us d
onor
sgr
ant
wri
ting
ski
lls
are
lim
ited
to
a fe
w s
taff
expa
nd g
rant
wri
ting
ski
ll b
ase;
expa
nd a
war
enes
s of
ava
ilab
legr
ants
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Fiji
2. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge p
olic
y an
d pl
anni
ngA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 1
3 —
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.5.
Pri
vate
Sec
tor
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
1. R
egio
nal
Co-
oper
a-ti
on,
form
al c
hann
els
Est
abli
shm
ent
of P
IMA
, P
AR
BIC
AG
row
ing
stre
ngth
of
the
Mel
anes
ian
Spea
r H
ead
Gro
up
som
e go
vern
men
ts m
ay n
ot s
end
the
mos
t ap
prop
riat
e pe
rson
to
the
mee
ting
orga
nisa
tion
s st
ill
in e
arly
sta
ges
of d
evel
opm
ent,
and
both
lin
ksan
d ne
goti
atin
g po
wer
s ar
e w
eak
incr
ease
d li
aiso
n on
a r
egio
nal
leve
l w
ith
regu
lar
mee
ting
s;de
velo
p a
pool
of
prof
essi
onal
s to
shar
e ex
pert
ise
(tra
inin
g an
dco
nsul
tanc
y w
ork)
fund
ing
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
2. R
egio
nal
Co-
oper
a-ti
on,
info
rmal
cha
nnel
sE
stab
lish
men
t of
per
sona
l co
ntac
tsdu
ring
for
mal
mee
ting
sde
pend
s on
ind
ivid
uals
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
3. A
genc
y co
-ope
ra-
tio
ngo
od i
nfor
mal
co-
oper
atio
nla
ck o
f fo
rmal
ised
co-
oper
atio
n;li
nks
reli
ant
on p
erso
nal
init
ia-
tive
s of
ind
ivid
uals
form
alis
atio
n of
lin
ks
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
4. C
entr
al c
o-or
dina
-ti
on o
f he
rita
ge e
ffor
ts.
slig
ht i
ncre
ase
in f
inan
cial
sup
port
to
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
agen
cies
in
gene
ral
no c
entr
al c
oord
inat
ion
of h
er-
itag
e m
anag
emen
t ef
fort
sN
atur
al a
nd C
ultu
ral
poli
cy a
ndes
tabl
ishm
ent
of a
Her
itag
eC
omm
issi
on
dupl
icat
ion
or n
on-a
ddre
ssal
of
issu
es b
ecau
se o
f ab
senc
e of
cent
ral
agen
cyla
ck o
f co
ncer
ted
and
coor
di-
nate
d fu
ndin
g ap
proa
ches
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
5. N
GO
s
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
6. D
ecen
tral
isat
ion
ofhe
rita
ge m
anag
emen
t.in
tere
st i
n re
gion
al a
nd l
ocal
sit
e de
-ve
lopm
ent
for
eco-
tour
ism
pur
pose
s;tr
ying
to
dece
ntra
lise
eco
-tou
rism
proj
ect
man
agem
ent
only
Fij
ian
heri
tage
sit
e re
cord
-in
g he
ld b
y th
e F
iji
mus
eum
;E
urop
ean
and
post
-con
tact
ar-
chit
ectu
re h
eld
by t
he t
own
plan
ning
dep
artm
ents
deve
lopm
ent
of r
egio
nal
tech
nica
lad
viso
ry b
odie
s
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
7. I
nter
acti
on o
f lo
cal
wit
h ce
ntra
l au
thor
itie
s2.
5. H
erit
age
Age
ncie
s2.
5.8.
Loc
al i
nvol
vem
ent
2.6.
Key
Sta
ke-
hold
ers
2.6.
1. G
over
nmen
t de
vel-
opm
ent
agen
cies
Not
an
issu
e to
mai
ntai
n an
d pr
otec
the
rita
ge i
n m
ost
deve
lopm
ent
agen
cies
som
e ag
enci
es d
o no
t se
t ex
-am
ples
for
oth
ers
to f
ollo
w i
nte
rms
of h
erit
age
safe
guar
ds
larg
e-sc
ale
educ
atio
nal
prog
ram
;in
stit
utio
nali
se h
erit
age
issu
e as
impo
rtan
t
loss
of
heri
tage
2.6.
Key
Sta
ke-
hold
ers
2.6.
2. L
ocal
Com
mun
itie
s
2.6.
Key
Sta
ke-
hold
ers
2.6.
3. D
evel
oper
sde
velo
pers
are
gen
eral
ly a
war
e of
the
heri
tage
iss
ues
Env
iron
men
tal
Impa
ct A
sses
s-m
ent
law
s no
t ye
t in
pla
ce;
loss
of
buil
t en
viro
nmen
tli
mit
ed a
bili
ty t
o m
onit
or t
he a
c-ti
ons
of t
he d
evel
oper
pass
EIA
law
sli
mit
ed a
bili
ty t
o m
onit
or t
heac
tion
s of
the
dev
elop
er
2.6.
Key
Sta
ke-
hold
ers
2.6.
4. R
elig
ious
Ins
titu
-ti
on
s
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Fiji
3. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge in
tegr
atio
n in
to o
ther
sec
tors
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 1
4 —
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.1.
Edu
cati
on p
olic
y
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.2.
Cur
ricu
lum
Dev
el-
opm
ent
heri
tage
edu
cati
on i
s on
e of
the
goa
lsof
the
cur
ricu
lum
dev
elop
men
t un
itth
e cu
rric
ulum
is
bein
g re
vise
d at
the
mom
ent
lack
of
form
alis
ed p
roce
sses
, it
is
left
to
the
teac
hers
to
incl
ude
heri
tage
in
the
curr
icul
um
incl
usio
n of
her
itag
e in
a n
umbe
rof
sub
ject
s (a
s a
sub-
elem
ent)
;fo
rmal
lin
ks b
etw
een
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
agen
cies
and
the
curr
icul
um d
evel
opm
ent
unit
fund
ing
for
the
deve
lopm
ent
ofcu
rric
ulum
mat
eria
ls i
s ve
ryli
mit
ed.
fund
ing
for
gues
t te
ache
rs/
dem
onst
rato
rs i
s no
n-ex
iste
ntan
d re
lies
on
good
wil
l3.
1. F
orm
al E
duca
-ti
on
3.1.
3. P
rim
ary
Sch
ools
Sta
rted
tea
chin
g ve
rnac
ular
lan
guag
es;
indi
vidu
al t
each
ers
take
ini
tiat
ives
lack
of
form
alis
ed p
roce
sses
, it
is
left
to
the
teac
hers
to
incl
ude
heri
tage
in
the
curr
icul
um
grea
ter
incl
usio
n of
her
itag
e is
sues
in c
urri
culu
m d
evel
opm
ent;
impr
oved
pla
nnin
g co
ordi
nati
onbe
twee
n ag
enci
es
fund
ing
for
gues
t te
ache
rs/
dem
onst
rato
rs i
s no
n-ex
iste
ntan
d re
lies
on
good
wil
l
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.4.
Sec
onda
ry S
choo
lsS
tart
ed t
each
ing
vern
acul
ar l
angu
ages
;in
divi
dual
tea
cher
s ta
ke i
niti
ativ
esla
ck o
f fo
rmal
ised
pro
cess
es,
it i
sle
ft t
o th
e te
ache
rs t
o in
clud
ehe
rita
ge i
n th
e cu
rric
ulum
grea
ter
incl
usio
n of
her
itag
e is
sues
in c
urri
culu
m d
evel
opm
ent;
impr
oved
pla
nnin
g co
ordi
nati
onbe
twee
n ag
enci
es
fund
ing
for
gues
t te
ache
rs/
dem
onst
rato
rs i
s no
n-ex
iste
ntan
d re
lies
on
good
wil
l
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.5.
Ter
tiar
y In
stit
utio
nsU
SP
is
a lo
cal
and
regi
onal
pro
vide
r of
expe
rien
ce;
US
P c
ater
s fo
r th
e re
gion
and
de-
part
men
ts i
nclu
de l
ocal
con
tent
rele
vant
to
the
stud
ent's
Pac
ific
cont
ext
no f
orm
al t
rain
ing
in c
ultu
ral
heri
tage
is
offe
red
no l
ocal
or
regi
onal
tra
inin
g of
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
in a
Pa-
cifi
c co
ntex
t
incl
usio
n of
her
itag
e/ar
chae
olog
yas
a s
ubje
ct in
the
new
cur
ricu
lum
(und
er G
eogr
aphy
)
lack
of
coor
dina
tion
of
trai
n-in
g on
a r
egio
nal
basi
s
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.6.
Rol
e of
the
mus
eum
mus
eum
wit
h go
od d
ispl
ays;
publ
ic e
duca
tion
pub
lica
tion
s;li
mit
ed f
undi
ng;
impr
oved
int
erpr
etat
ive
faci
liti
es;
form
al l
inks
bet
wee
n m
useu
m a
ndth
e cu
rric
ulum
dev
elop
men
t un
it
fund
ing
long
ter
m p
lann
ing
for
her-
itag
e la
ckin
g
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
1. C
omm
unit
y E
duca
-ti
on P
olic
yse
vera
l he
rita
ge-t
ype
vide
os h
ave
alre
ady
been
pro
duce
d;ut
ilis
atio
n of
age
ncy'
s kn
owle
dge
(eg
Fij
i M
useu
m)
lack
of
coor
dina
tion
of
effo
rts;
not
prod
uced
on
a co
nsis
tent
basi
s
Est
abli
shm
ent
of v
ideo
uni
t to
spec
iali
sed
in p
rodu
cing
thi
sty
pe o
f m
ater
ial;
idea
lly
prod
uce
a se
ries
of
vide
os
fund
ing;
com
mit
men
t of
oth
er a
genc
ies
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
2. G
over
nmen
tA
genc
ies
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
3. M
useu
ms
and
Cul
-tu
ral
Cen
tres
stro
ng n
atio
nal
mus
eum
;go
od d
ispl
ays;
publ
ic e
duca
tion
pub
lica
tion
s;la
rge
coll
ecti
ons
staf
f de
velo
pmen
t pl
an w
ritt
en;
lim
ited
fun
ding
;im
prov
ed i
nfra
stru
ctur
e (F
acil
ity)
;im
prov
ed i
nter
pret
ativ
e fa
cili
ties
;fu
ndin
g
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
4. N
GO
'sN
GO
's o
ften
rea
lise
(at
the
gra
ss r
oots
leve
l) t
hat
cult
ural
and
her
itag
ein
form
atio
n is
los
t an
d m
ake
anef
fort
to
diss
emin
ate
info
rmat
ion
Fun
ding
;la
ck o
f co
ordi
nati
on o
f ef
fort
sde
velo
pmen
t of
a r
ange
of
com
-m
unit
y pr
ogra
ms
base
d on
cul
-tu
ral
heri
tage
dem
ise
of o
rgan
isat
ions
due
to
lack
of
fund
ing
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Fiji
3. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge in
tegr
atio
n in
to o
ther
sec
tors
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 1
5 —
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
5. R
adio
regu
lar
radi
o pr
ogra
ms
avai
labl
e to
thos
e w
ho w
ish
to l
iste
nla
ck o
f co
ordi
nati
on o
f ef
fort
s;vi
deo
and
tele
visi
on i
s di
spla
cing
radi
o in
urb
an a
reas
coor
dina
ted
effo
rts
to p
rodu
cere
gula
r sh
ows;
adve
rtis
e th
e br
oadc
asti
ng o
f th
ese
show
s3.
2. C
omm
unit
y E
d-uc
atio
n3.
2.6.
Sem
i-ac
adem
icjo
urna
lsA
sch
olar
ly j
ourn
al,
Dom
odom
o, i
s in
exis
tenc
e;lo
ts o
f pe
ople
who
cou
ld p
rovi
de m
a-te
rial
for
the
jou
rnal
mos
t jo
urna
ls f
ocus
at
the
aca-
dem
ic l
evel
onl
yin
trod
uce
mor
e m
agaz
ines
spe
-ci
alis
ing
in r
egio
nal
stor
ies
fo-
cuss
ing
on l
ocal
peo
ple
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
7. L
ocal
TV
appr
oxim
atel
y 18
% o
f th
e sc
reen
ing
on l
ocal
TV
has
loc
al c
onte
nt o
r is
loca
lly
prod
uced
lack
of
coor
dina
tion
;m
edia
lar
gely
ign
oran
t of
her
-it
age
issu
es;
heri
tage
inf
o, i
f pr
ovid
ed,
ofte
nno
t sc
reen
ed b
y T
V
grea
ter
coor
dina
tion
bet
wee
nm
edia
, he
rita
ge a
genc
ies
and
the
curr
icul
um d
evel
opm
ent
unit
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
8. P
rint
Med
iaar
ticl
es o
n F
ijia
n C
ultu
ral
Her
itag
ere
gula
rly
occu
r in
the
pap
ers
lack
of
coor
dina
tion
;m
edia
lar
gely
ign
oran
t of
her
-it
age
issu
es;
wha
t m
edia
pri
nts
is n
ot a
lway
sfa
ctua
l
grea
ter
coor
dina
tion
bet
wee
nm
edia
, he
rita
ge a
genc
ies
and
the
curr
icul
um d
evel
opm
ent
unit
pow
er o
f ed
itor
s to
ign
ore
advi
ce
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
9. P
ubli
c di
spla
ysth
e m
useu
m i
s st
arti
ng t
o lo
ok a
ttr
avel
ling
ex
hibi
tion
sli
mit
ed n
umbe
r of
mov
able
pub
lic
disp
lays
deve
lopm
ent
of r
oad
show
dis
-pl
ays
to a
cces
s/ou
trea
ch t
o ru
ral
area
sco
nsid
er t
he i
ntro
duct
ion
of p
rem
ain
feat
ures
fil
m s
cree
ning
s of
educ
atio
nal
film
s in
cin
emas
fund
ing;
staf
f-ti
me
com
mit
men
ts
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
10.
Rol
e of
for
mal
Ed-
ucat
ion
syst
emC
urri
culu
m d
evel
opm
ent
unit
see
sco
mm
unit
y ed
ucat
ion
as a
n in
tegr
alel
emen
t of
the
ir w
ork
lack
of
coor
dina
tion
bet
wee
ned
ucat
iona
l or
gani
sati
ons
deve
lopm
ent
of p
ubli
c pr
ogra
ms
on l
arge
sca
le t
o re
ach
rura
lco
mm
unit
ies
fund
ing
reso
urce
s to
all
ow f
orde
velo
pmen
t of
tea
chin
gm
ater
ials
rem
ote
natu
re o
f so
me
com
-m
unit
ies
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
11.
Tar
gete
d ed
ucat
ion
of i
mpa
ct g
ener
ator
s(d
evel
oper
s, l
ogge
rs,
buil
ders
etc
.)3.
2. C
omm
unit
y E
d-uc
atio
n3.
2.12
You
th p
rogr
amm
es
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
13 P
ubli
c le
ctur
e se
ries
on o
ccas
ion
the
Fij
i M
useu
m o
ffer
spu
blic
lec
ture
spu
blic
lec
ture
ser
ies
is n
ot a
prio
rity
giv
en t
he l
imit
ed a
udi-
ence
whi
ch w
ould
be
attr
acte
d to
such
a m
ediu
m3.
2. C
omm
unit
y E
d-uc
atio
n3.
2.14
Pri
vate
Sec
tor
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
1. T
ouri
sm P
olic
yD
epar
tmen
t of
Tou
rism
has
dev
elop
edan
eco
-tou
rism
pol
icy
Sm
all
unit
wit
h li
mit
ed f
undi
ng;
litt
le i
mpa
ct
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Fiji
3. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge in
tegr
atio
n in
to o
ther
sec
tors
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 1
6 —
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
2. T
ouri
sm P
lann
ing
Man
agem
ent
plan
s ar
e be
ing
deve
l-op
ed b
y va
riou
s ag
enci
esno
sys
tem
atic
app
roac
h to
the
heri
tage
tou
rism
iss
ue;
Pol
icy
not
yet
impl
emen
ted
cult
ural
her
itag
e si
tes
may
see
prot
ecti
on t
hrou
gh e
cono
mic
ince
ntiv
es
coup
ling
of
econ
omic
inc
en-
tive
s an
d he
rita
ge c
onse
r-va
tion
may
see
sit
es d
ecay
of
ince
ntiv
es a
re l
ess
than
expe
cted
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
3. M
arke
ting
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
4. S
take
hold
er c
on-
sult
atio
nD
epar
tmen
t of
Tou
rism
has
dev
elop
edan
eco
-tou
rism
pol
icy
vill
age
invo
lvem
ent
in p
olic
yde
velo
pmen
t li
mit
edP
olic
y no
t ye
t im
plem
ente
d
cult
ural
her
itag
e si
te m
y se
e pr
o-te
ctio
n th
roug
h ec
onom
ic i
n-ce
ntiv
es
coup
ling
of
econ
omic
inc
en-
tive
s an
d he
rita
ge c
onse
r-va
tion
may
see
sit
es d
ecay
of
ince
ntiv
es a
re l
ess
than
expe
cted
site
s m
ay s
uffe
r fr
om i
ncre
ased
visi
tati
on3.
3. T
ouri
sm3.
3.5.
Lan
d ow
ner
in-
volv
emen
tIn
crea
sed
awar
enes
s of
eco
-tou
rism
issu
es b
y th
e ge
nera
l co
mm
unit
yvi
llag
e in
volv
emen
t in
pol
icy
deve
lopm
ent
lim
ited
;li
ttle
inv
olve
men
t of
lan
dow
ners
at t
he p
lann
ing/
poli
cy l
evel
site
s m
ay s
uffe
r fr
om i
ncre
ased
visi
tati
on;
land
owne
rs m
ay w
ish
to i
n-cr
ease
vis
itat
ion
to i
ncre
ase
reve
nue
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
6. T
our
guid
ing
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
7. I
mpa
ct a
sses
smen
ts3.
3. T
ouri
sm3.
3.8.
Inc
ome
opti
ons
Rev
enue
opp
ortu
niti
es f
or l
and
owne
rsas
wel
l as
for
the
nat
iona
l go
v-er
nmen
t
land
owne
rs m
ay w
ish
to i
n-cr
ease
vis
itat
ion
to i
ncre
ase
reve
nue
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Fiji
4. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge d
ata
man
agem
ent
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 1
7 —
4.1.
Lan
d M
anag
e-m
ent
4.1.
1. S
ensi
tivi
ty o
f ac
cess
to l
and/
land
inf
orm
atio
n4.
1. L
and
Man
age-
men
t4.
1.2.
Sen
siti
vity
of
acce
ssto
tra
diti
onal
sit
es (
&in
form
atio
n)4.
1. L
and
Man
age-
men
t4.
1.3.
Dat
abas
ing
of g
en-
eral
inf
orm
atio
n4.
1. L
and
Man
age-
men
t4.
1.4.
Dat
abas
ing
of o
wn-
ersh
ip i
nfor
mat
ion
4.1.
Lan
d M
anag
e-m
ent
4.1.
5. D
atab
asin
g of
cul
-tu
ral
land
scap
e in
form
a-ti
on
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.1.
Str
uctu
re o
f re
gist
ersy
stem
sex
isti
ng a
rcha
eolo
gica
l si
te r
ecor
ding
syst
emsi
te r
ecor
ding
is
lim
ited
to
trad
i-ti
onal
Fij
ian
site
s;po
st c
onta
ct a
nd m
arit
ime
site
sar
e ge
nera
lly
negl
ecte
d;hi
stor
ic b
uild
ings
reg
iste
red
byto
wn
plan
ning
aut
hori
ties
no i
nteg
rati
on o
f si
te d
ata
wit
hor
al h
isto
ry c
olle
ctio
ns (
wit
hex
cept
ions
)
Impl
emen
t co
mpu
teri
sati
on o
f si
tean
d co
llec
tion
rec
ords
whi
ch i
sco
mpa
tibl
e an
d al
low
s cr
oss-
agen
cy e
xcha
nge
of d
ata
fund
ing
and
staf
f-ti
me
lim
ita-
tio
ns;
inte
r ag
ency
riv
alry
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.2.
Spa
tial
cov
erag
e of
regi
ster
sys
tem
s4.
2. H
erit
age
Sit
eIn
vent
ory
4.2.
3. R
ecur
rent
ver
ific
a-ti
on o
f in
form
atio
nno
t in
pla
ce,
cons
ider
ing
the
lim
itat
ions
of
staf
fing
res
ourc
esth
e ve
rifi
cati
on o
f ol
d re
cord
s is
a lu
xury
veri
fica
tion
be
carr
ied
out
fund
ing
and
staf
f-ti
me
lim
ita-
tio
ns
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.4.
Nat
iona
l S
urve
yP
rogr
amm
ea
nati
onal
sur
vey
prog
ram
me
is i
npa
ce a
nd i
s be
ing
carr
ied
out;
othe
r go
vern
men
t de
part
men
ts h
ave
been
inv
olve
d
fund
ing
lim
itat
ions
pre
vent
lar
gesc
ale
surv
eys
larg
e sc
ale
surv
eys
fund
ing
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.5.
P
rovi
ncia
l/D
istr
ict
Sur
vey
Pro
gram
me
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
1. A
rchi
val
man
age-
men
t of
dat
aar
chiv
es h
old
larg
e co
llec
tion
s of
mat
eria
l;ot
her
inst
itut
ions
(in
c..
over
seas
)ho
ld a
rcha
eolo
gica
l m
ater
ial
mat
eria
l no
t ne
cess
aril
y ac
-ce
ssib
le;
big
back
log
of d
ata
entr
y an
dpr
oces
sing
com
pute
risa
tion
for
ful
l ca
talo
gu-
ing,
bot
h in
Fij
i an
d ov
erse
asla
ck o
f fu
ndin
g;la
ck o
f co
oper
atio
n of
som
eov
erse
as a
genc
ies
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Fiji
4. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge d
ata
man
agem
ent
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 1
8 —
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
2. A
utom
atis
atio
ncu
rren
t im
plem
enta
tion
of
cent
rali
sed
com
pute
rise
d si
te r
ecor
ds;
util
isat
ion
of c
entr
alis
ed G
IS i
nfor
-m
atio
n
lack
of
data
com
pati
bili
ty;
data
man
agem
ent
scat
tere
d be
-tw
een
agen
cies
;si
te r
ecor
ding
is
lim
ited
to
trad
i-ti
onal
Fij
ian
site
s; p
ost
cont
act
and
mar
itim
e si
tes
are
gene
rall
yne
glec
ted;
disj
oint
ed h
erit
age
site
rec
ords
syst
em w
ith
hist
oric
bui
ldin
gsre
gist
er
deve
lopm
ent
of a
reg
iste
r is
nat
-ur
ally
and
cul
tura
lly
sign
ific
ant
site
s an
d pl
aces
tie
d in
to t
he l
and
man
agem
ent
GIS
;li
nk i
n of
the
sit
e da
ta w
ith
a go
v-er
nmen
t op
erat
ed G
IS
dupl
icat
ion
of i
nfor
mat
ion;
coll
ecti
ons
of i
napp
ropr
iate
mis
cell
aneo
us d
ata
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
3. T
radi
tion
al r
ecor
dsm
anag
emen
t.N
LCA
rt C
ounc
il
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
4. M
useu
ms/
cult
ural
cent
res
coll
ecti
on m
an-
agem
ent
syst
ems
in p
lace
to
man
age
the
data
old
reco
rds
lim
ited
;da
ta q
uali
ty o
n oc
casi
on d
oubt
ful
or l
imit
ed
veri
fy o
ld r
ecor
ds a
nd c
ompl
ete
full
com
pute
risa
tion
of
site
reco
rds
avai
labi
lity
of
staf
f an
d re
-so
urce
s to
ach
ieve
thi
s
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
5. A
cces
s li
mit
atio
ns(s
afeg
uard
s)G
ood
acce
ss t
o kn
owle
dgab
le p
eopl
ew
illi
ng t
o te
ll w
hat
they
kno
wla
ck o
f co
ordi
nate
d ef
fort
coor
dina
te a
nd m
onit
or k
now
ledg
elo
ss o
f in
form
atio
n du
e to
deat
h of
inf
orm
ants
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
6. O
ral
His
tory
& P
er-
form
ance
Doc
umen
tati
on
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.1.
Pro
acti
ve P
lann
ing
lack
of
rese
arch
man
agem
ent
plan
ning
draw
up
a re
sear
ch m
anag
emen
tpl
an p
rior
itis
ing
the
vari
ous
re-
sear
ch n
eeds
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.2.
Int
erna
l ca
paci
ties
an a
rcha
eolo
gy b
ranc
h ha
s be
en e
s-ta
blis
hed
by t
he m
useu
m;
the
bran
ch i
s st
affe
d by
a p
erm
anen
tF
ijia
n po
siti
on a
nd a
exp
atri
ate
volu
ntee
r.
Fij
ian
arch
aeol
ogis
t do
es n
otha
ve f
ull
arch
aeol
ogy
trai
n-in
g/de
gree
(oc
curs
/ i
s pl
anne
d)
arch
aeol
ogy
sect
ion
to b
e ex
-pa
nded
wit
h fu
lly
tert
iary
qua
li-
fied
sta
ff
lim
itat
ions
of
budg
et
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.3.
For
eign
res
earc
hin
to t
he c
ount
ry's
her
itag
em
uch
inte
rest
in
rese
arch
ing
Fij
i'she
rita
ge;
heri
tage
res
earc
h ap
prov
al p
ro-
cess
es c
onvo
lute
d w
ith
vari
ous
appr
ovin
g au
thor
itie
s un
sure
abou
t th
e re
quir
emen
tsre
port
s of
res
earc
h co
nduc
ted
are
ofte
n no
t se
nt b
ack
to t
heco
untr
y, l
et a
lone
the
vil
lage
s
stre
amli
ning
of
the
heri
tage
re-
sear
ch a
ppro
val
proc
esse
s;de
velo
pmen
t of
cou
ntry
pri
orit
ies
to a
chie
ve c
ount
ry/n
eed
driv
enre
sear
ch b
enef
itin
g F
iji
'und
esir
able
' res
earc
h m
ay b
eco
nduc
ted
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.4.
Co-
oper
ativ
eag
reem
ents
no c
o-op
erat
ive
rese
arch
agre
emen
ts w
ith
univ
ersi
ties
or
othe
r he
rita
ge o
rgan
isat
ions
are
in p
lace
deve
lop
poli
cy a
nd o
bjec
tive
s to
enga
ge i
n st
rate
gic
alli
ance
s w
ith
tert
iary
ins
titu
tion
s to
pro
vide
focu
ssed
res
earc
h
relu
ctan
ce o
f un
iver
siti
es t
oen
ter
into
co-
oper
ativ
eag
reem
ents
wit
h pe
rfor
man
cein
dica
tors
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.5.
App
rova
l pr
oces
ses
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Fiji
4. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge d
ata
man
agem
ent
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 1
9 —
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.6.
Adm
inis
trat
ion
ofon
goin
g pr
ojec
ts4.
4. R
esea
rch
4.4.
7. R
ecor
ds d
epos
itor
yno
cen
tral
rep
osit
ory
for
repo
rts
on s
ites
and
oth
er r
esea
rch
onF
ijia
n he
rita
ge;
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.8.
Acc
ess
to r
esul
ts4.
5. H
erit
age
Sit
eM
anag
emen
t4.
5.1.
Acc
ess
to k
now
ledg
e
4.5.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Man
agem
ent
4.5.
2. O
wne
rshi
p of
sit
esst
rong
aff
ilia
tion
of
the
peop
le w
ith
thei
r la
ndIn
a v
arie
ty o
f ca
ses
land
may
be
owne
d by
peo
ple
who
hav
e no
pers
onal
aff
ilia
tion
wit
h th
ehe
rita
ge o
f th
at l
and,
and
thu
sm
ay n
ot l
ook
afte
r th
e si
tes
publ
ic e
duca
tion
to
show
tha
the
rita
ge s
ites
are
val
uabl
e,si
gnif
ican
t to
all
Fij
ians
and
un-
rene
wab
le
Dev
elop
men
t of
for
estr
y;D
evel
opm
ent
of a
gric
ultu
re;
Dev
elop
men
t of
tou
rism
;L
ack
of c
omm
itm
ent
of t
hose
have
no
pers
onal
aff
ilia
tion
wit
h th
e he
rita
ge o
f th
e la
ndth
ey o
wn
4.5.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Man
agem
ent
4.5.
3. S
igni
fica
nce
eval
u-at
ion
4.5.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Man
agem
ent
4.5.
4. D
evel
opm
ent
of s
ite
man
agem
ent
plan
s4.
5. H
erit
age
Sit
eM
anag
emen
t4.
5.5.
Int
erve
ntiv
e C
on-
serv
atio
n M
easu
res
4.6.
Loc
al C
ontr
ol4.
6.1.
Loc
al c
ontr
ol o
fda
ta/i
nfor
mat
ion
4.6.
Loc
al C
ontr
ol4.
6.2.
Loc
al c
ontr
ol o
f ac
-ce
ss t
o si
tes
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Fiji
5. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge in
fras
truc
ture
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 2
0 —
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
1. C
ore
heri
tage
gov
-er
nmen
t ag
enci
esth
e F
iji
Mus
eum
cur
rent
ly e
stab
lish
esne
w p
osit
ions
to
broa
den
and
deep
enit
s sk
ill
base
fund
ing
for
new
pos
itio
ns i
s li
m-
ited
;qu
alif
ied/
trai
ned
staf
f at
trac
ted
byop
port
unit
ies
outs
ide
the
inst
itut
ion
both
loc
ally
and
re-
gion
ally
;cu
rren
t re
mun
erat
ion
is i
nade
quat
e
Incr
ease
d fu
ndin
g fo
r em
ploy
men
tof
tra
ined
sta
ffbe
tter
pai
d em
ploy
men
t op
-po
rtun
itie
s el
sew
here
in
the
regi
on (
NZ
, Aus
tral
ia a
nd I
n-te
rnat
iona
l ag
enci
es);
acti
ve p
oach
ing
by o
ther
agen
cies
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
2. N
GO
age
ncie
sno
ful
ly t
rain
ed C
ultu
ral
Her
itag
eM
anag
emen
t S
kill
Bas
e ex
ists
in th
e N
GO
s
sele
cted
sta
ff t
rain
ing
in h
erit
age
man
agem
ent;
awar
enes
s tr
aini
ng f
or o
ther
s5.
1. E
xten
t of
ski
llba
se5.
1.3.
Per
iphe
ral
heri
tage
gove
rnm
ent
agen
cies
1. L
iais
on i
n he
rita
ge m
anag
e-m
ent
mat
ters
mad
e di
ffic
ult
beca
use
lack
of
awar
enes
s an
d/or
mot
ivat
ion
in p
erip
hera
lag
enci
es.
2. h
erit
age
rese
arch
app
rova
lpr
oces
ses
conv
olut
ed w
ith
vari
ous
appr
ovin
g au
thor
itie
san
d th
eir
staf
f un
sure
abo
ut t
here
quir
emen
ts
staf
f tr
aini
ng i
n he
rita
ge m
an-
agem
ent
as a
who
le (
to i
mpr
ove
appr
ecia
tion
of
heri
tage
) an
d in
staf
f/ag
ency
-spe
cifi
c ro
les
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
4. P
riva
te S
ecto
r
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
5. I
nter
nati
onal
Vol
un-
teer
Bas
eva
riou
s or
gani
sati
ons
oper
ate
vol-
unte
er p
rogr
ams
(VSO
, AV
A, J
ICA
).S
ucce
ssfu
l to
tap
int
o th
is p
rogr
am(c
urre
ntly
1 A
VA
1JI
CA
)
expa
nsio
n of
pro
gram
is
con-
stra
ined
by
avai
labi
lity
of
fund
ing
for
loca
l co
unte
r pa
rts
gove
rnm
ents
nee
d to
mai
ntai
nth
e fu
ndin
g of
the
cou
nter
part
s
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
6. L
ocal
Vol
unte
erB
ase
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
7. T
rain
ing
agen
das
The
Fij
i M
useu
m h
as d
evel
oped
a s
taff
deve
lopm
ent
stra
tegy
and
a m
useu
mde
velo
pmen
t pl
an
the
impl
emen
tati
on o
f th
e st
aff
deve
lopm
ent
stra
tegy
is
con-
stra
ined
by
fund
ing
impr
ove
trai
ning
opp
ortu
niti
es o
na
loca
l an
d re
gion
al b
asis
lack
of
coor
dina
tion
of
trai
n-in
g on
a r
egio
nal
basi
s
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
1. E
xhib
itio
n B
uild
ing
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
2. A
dmin
istr
atio
n5.
2. B
uild
ings
/Pla
nt5.
2.3.
Col
lect
ion
Sto
rage
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
4. P
rofe
ssio
nal
Lib
rary
the
Fij
i M
useu
m p
osse
ss a
sub
stan
tial
prof
essi
onal
lib
rary
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
5. T
reat
men
t L
abor
a-to
ry5.
2. B
uild
ings
/Pla
nt5.
2.6.
Per
form
ance
Fac
ilit
y
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Fiji
5. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge in
fras
truc
ture
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 2
1 —
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
7. P
ubli
c L
ibra
rya
publ
ic L
ibra
ry e
xist
s in
Suv
a w
ith
hold
ings
on
loca
l hi
stor
y an
d F
ijia
nhe
rita
geth
e U
nive
rsit
y of
the
Sou
th P
acif
icop
erat
es a
uni
vers
ity
libr
ary
wit
hsu
bsta
ntia
l ho
ldin
gs o
n P
acif
ic c
ul-
tura
l he
rita
ge a
nd p
olic
y
adm
itta
nce
to t
he l
ibra
ry r
equi
res
mem
bers
hip
or p
aym
ent
of f
ee
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
8. (
Mus
eum
) S
hop
The
Fij
i M
useu
m o
pera
tes
a sh
opse
llin
g pu
blic
atio
ns,
T-s
hirt
s,ha
ndic
raft
and
oth
er r
elat
ed g
oods
gene
rati
ng i
ncom
e5.
3. E
quip
men
t5.
3.1.
Sat
urat
ion
wit
hco
mpu
ters
Cul
tura
l H
erit
age
Man
agem
ent
De-
part
men
ts h
ave
com
pute
rs;
com
pute
risa
tion
of
reco
rds
is c
urre
ntly
unde
r w
ay
lim
ited
num
ber
of m
achi
nes;
com
pute
rs a
re o
ften
not
com
-pa
tibl
e
grea
ter
com
pati
bili
ty o
f co
mpu
ters
thro
ugh
inve
stm
ent
in s
yste
ms
lim
itat
ions
in
fund
ing
5.3.
Equ
ipm
ent
5.3.
2. O
ffic
e eq
uipm
ent
5.3.
Equ
ipm
ent
5.3.
3. R
ecor
ding
/edi
ting
Sui
te5.
3. E
quip
men
t5.
3.4.
P
hoto
prod
ucti
on/D
arkr
oom
5.4.
Ope
rati
ons
5.4.
1. O
pera
tion
al c
on-
stra
ints
@@
@
5.4.
Ope
rati
ons
5.4.
2. M
obil
ity
of s
taff
(att
itud
es)
@@
@
5.4.
Ope
rati
ons
5.4.
3. M
obil
ity
of s
taff
(veh
icle
s et
c.)
@@
@
5.5.
Com
mun
ica-
tio
ns
5.5.
1. P
olic
y
5.5.
Com
mun
ica-
tio
ns
5.5.
2. F
ield
wor
ker
com
-m
unic
atio
ns5.
5. C
omm
unic
a-ti
on
s5.
5.3.
Acc
ess
to t
he I
n-te
rnet
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
— 2
2 —
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
1.
Cul
tura
l Her
itage
Man
ifes
tatio
nsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
1.1.
Im
mov
able
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
1.1.
Arc
haeo
logy
a ri
ch a
nd v
arie
d ar
chae
olog
ical
rec
ord
pres
ent
in a
ll p
rovi
nces
;su
bsta
ntia
l in
tere
st i
n th
e do
cum
en-
tati
on a
nd r
ecor
ding
of
thes
e re
-so
urce
sar
chae
olog
y de
part
men
t of
the
Na-
tion
al M
useu
m c
arri
es o
ut s
urve
ysan
d do
cum
enta
tion
subs
tant
ial
over
seas
res
earc
h in
tere
st
the
reco
rdin
g an
d do
cum
enta
tion
is n
ot y
et c
ompl
ete
muc
h op
port
unit
y fo
r re
cord
ing
and
docu
men
tati
on
1.1.
Im
mov
able
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
1.2.
His
tori
c si
tes
a ri
ch h
isto
ric
heri
tage
exi
sts
in t
hepr
ovin
ces
wit
h su
bsta
ntia
l pr
esen
ceof
col
onia
l ar
chit
ectu
re (
plan
ter's
hom
es)
pres
ence
of
prom
inen
t m
arin
e ar
-ch
aeol
ogic
al s
ites
no s
yste
mat
ic d
ocum
enta
tion
of
hist
oric
sit
es,
litt
le i
nter
est
in n
on-W
WII
re-
late
d si
tes
cond
uct
a na
tion
al s
urve
y of
his
tori
cbu
ildi
ngs
and
site
s to
dev
elop
ana
tion
al r
egis
ter
lack
of
inte
rest
in
the
colo
nial
pas
t
1.1.
Im
mov
able
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
1.3.
Set
tlem
ent
patt
erns
and
vill
age
lay-
out
1.2.
Mov
eabl
e C
ul-
tura
l H
erit
age
1.2.
1. M
ater
ial
cul-
ture
/cra
fts
adm
inis
trat
ion
of t
he t
angi
ble
cult
ural
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
in t
he S
I is
the
resp
onsi
bili
ty o
f th
e N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
,1.
2. M
ovea
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
2.2.
His
tori
c m
ater
ial
the
nati
onal
mus
eum
has
a v
ery
lim
ited
col
lect
ion
of h
isto
rica
l ar
te-
fact
s an
d m
ater
ials
impr
ove
the
Sol
omon
Isl
ands
Na-
tion
al M
useu
ms
capa
city
to
man
age,
disp
lay
and
inte
rpre
t hi
stor
ical
mat
eria
ls1.
2. M
ovea
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
2.3.
Arc
hiva
l do
cum
ents
som
e m
ater
ial
is h
eld
in c
ount
ry,
but
mos
t is
ow
ned
by o
vers
eas
coun
trie
sth
e S
olom
on I
slan
ds r
ecor
dsde
posi
tory
has
lim
ited
cap
acit
yto
sto
re f
ragi
le/r
are
mat
eria
ls
impr
ove
the
capa
city
of
the
Sol
omon
Arc
hive
s to
hou
se a
nd m
anag
ehi
stor
ical
mat
eria
ls1.
3. I
ntan
gibl
e C
ul-
tura
l H
erit
age
1.3.
1. L
and
tenu
rela
nd t
enur
e is
ver
y co
mpl
ex a
ndpe
ople
mul
tipl
e ri
ghts
hol
d to
var
i-ou
s as
pect
s of
the
lan
d, i
ts v
ege-
tati
on a
nd r
esou
rces
as
wel
l as
the
prod
uce
deri
ved
from
the
veg
etat
ion
this
com
plex
ity
mak
es e
ffec
tive
nego
tiat
ions
wit
h lo
cal
com
-m
unit
ies
very
com
plic
ated
Tha
t no
t on
ly i
mpa
cts
on t
hesu
cces
s of
eco
nom
ic a
nd i
n-fr
astr
uctu
re d
evel
opm
ent
proj
ects
, bu
t al
so o
n th
e su
cces
sof
mus
eum
-run
ora
l hi
stor
yre
cord
ing
proj
ects
, su
ch a
s th
eK
irio
(D
olph
in)
Pro
ject
Fan
alei
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.2.
Gen
ealo
gies
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
1.
Cul
tura
l Her
itage
Man
ifes
tatio
nsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 2
3 —
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.3.
Lin
guis
tics
vern
acul
ar l
angu
ages
spo
ken
in t
hepr
ovin
ces
vern
acul
ar l
angu
ages
tau
ght
in t
hefi
rst
year
s of
the
pri
mar
y sc
hool
curr
icul
um i
n m
any
area
s
chil
dren
of
cult
ural
ly m
ixed
mar
riag
es m
ay g
row
up
in H
o-ni
ara
wit
hout
bei
ng a
ble
tosp
eak
the
vern
acul
ar l
angu
age
ofei
ther
the
fat
her
or t
he m
othe
rve
rnac
ular
lan
guag
e te
achi
ng i
npr
imar
y sc
hool
dep
ends
on
the
avai
labi
lity
of
a te
ache
r fr
omth
e lo
cal
cult
ural
gro
up a
nd a
hom
ogen
eous
sch
ool
popu
lati
on1.
3. I
ntan
gibl
e C
ul-
tura
l H
erit
age
1.3.
4. O
ral
trad
itio
nsA
udio
-vis
ual
depa
rtm
ent
of t
he n
a-ti
onal
mus
eum
whi
ch r
ecor
ds o
ral
trad
itio
ns,
danc
e an
d pe
rfor
man
ceth
roug
hout
the
pro
vinc
es1.
3. I
ntan
gibl
e C
ul-
tura
l H
erit
age
1.3.
5. P
erfo
rman
ce t
radi
-ti
on
sA
udio
-vis
ual
depa
rtm
ent
of t
he n
a-ti
onal
mus
eum
whi
ch r
ecor
ds o
ral
trad
itio
ns,
danc
e an
d pe
rfor
man
ceth
roug
hout
the
pro
vinc
es1.
3. I
ntan
gibl
e C
ul-
tura
l H
erit
age
1.3.
6. M
usic
Aud
io-v
isua
l de
part
men
t of
the
na-
tion
al m
useu
m w
hich
rec
ords
ora
ltr
adit
ions
, da
nce
and
perf
orm
ance
thro
ugho
ut t
he p
rovi
nces
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.7.
Tra
diti
onal
obl
iga-
tion
s/ex
chan
ge s
yste
ms
Urb
anis
atio
n co
nfli
ct w
ith
inte
r-is
land
rio
ts i
n 19
89 a
nd 1
996,
mai
nly
Mal
aita
vs
Tem
otu.
Mal
aita
hav
ing
the
larg
est
popu
lati
on a
nd t
he l
onge
sthi
stor
y of
pol
itic
al
agit
atio
n,da
nger
s of
pol
itic
al p
olar
isat
ion
alon
g is
land
lin
es.
Mal
aita
and
othe
r is
land
s co
mm
unit
y te
nd t
ocl
ose
rank
s ag
ains
t ou
tsid
eth
reat
s. S
mal
l no
n-M
elan
e-si
an/P
olyn
esia
n/M
icro
nesi
anco
mm
unit
ies
(Chi
nese
~2%
)1.
3. I
ntan
gibl
e C
ul-
tura
l H
erit
age
1.3.
8. T
radi
tion
al p
olit
ical
syst
ems
(hie
rarc
hies
/chi
efly
stru
ctur
es e
tc..)
the
trad
itio
nal
poli
tica
l sy
stem
s ar
est
ill
in p
lace
and
wor
king
to
vary
ing
degr
ees
thro
ugho
ut t
he c
ount
ry
ther
e is
a t
rend
to
inte
rcul
-tu
ral/
ethn
ic c
onfl
icts
dev
elop
-in
g in
urb
an a
reas
chil
dren
of
cult
ural
ly m
ixed
mar
riag
es m
ay g
row
up
in H
o-ni
ara
wit
hout
bei
ng a
ble
to u
n-de
rsta
nd t
he p
arti
cula
r cu
ltur
altr
adit
ions
of
eith
er t
he f
athe
r or
the
mot
her
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
1.
Cul
tura
l Her
itage
Man
ifes
tatio
nsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 2
4 —
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.9.
Tra
diti
onal
ski
lls
and
know
ledg
eT
he M
useu
m h
as a
'cul
tura
l cen
tre'
com
pone
nt,
hold
ing
eigh
t K
usto
mho
uses
fro
m t
he d
iffe
rent
pro
vinc
es.
Muc
h of
tra
diti
onal
kno
wle
dge
isch
angi
ng
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 2
5 —
2.1.
Her
itag
e P
olic
y2.
1.1.
Att
itud
e to
Pol
icy
Sol
omon
Isl
ands
her
itag
e pr
ofes
-si
onal
s ha
ve r
aise
d th
e de
velo
pmen
tof
a n
atio
nal
heri
tage
pol
icy
as a
desi
rabl
e ou
tcom
e fo
r th
e ne
ar f
utur
e
litt
le p
olit
ical
int
eres
t in
deve
lopi
ng a
sys
tem
atic
cul
tura
lhe
rita
ge p
olic
y, n
ot a
pri
orit
ypo
liti
cian
s ar
e pe
rcei
ved
aspa
ying
onl
y li
p se
rvic
e to
Kus
tom
cons
tant
shi
fts
in g
over
nmen
tem
phas
is a
re n
ot c
ondu
cive
for
the
deve
lopm
ent
of a
coh
esiv
eap
proa
ch t
o po
licy
and
pre
vent
deci
sion
mak
ing
lack
of
syst
emat
ic r
ecor
dske
epin
g an
d co
nsul
tati
on o
ffi
les
impl
ies
that
pre
viou
sly
pass
ed p
olic
y is
not
con
sis-
tent
ly a
ppli
ed a
nd m
any
deci
-si
ons
are
mad
e on
the
run
.
incr
ease
aw
aren
ess
for
the
nece
ssit
yof
a c
ompr
ehen
sive
cul
tura
l po
licy
targ
et g
roup
s: a
mon
g al
l m
inis
trie
san
d ag
enci
es
2.1.
Her
itag
e P
olic
y2.
1.2.
Nat
iona
l H
erit
age
Pol
icy
The
mai
nten
ance
of
Kus
tom
as
ana
tion
al a
im i
s en
shri
ned
in t
hepr
eam
ble
to t
he c
onst
itut
ion
tent
ativ
e pl
ans
exis
t to
est
abli
sh a
cult
ural
com
mis
sion
of
the
Sol
omon
Isla
nds
wit
h th
e ai
m t
o co
ordi
nate
effo
rts
and
to d
evel
op p
olic
y
The
re i
s at
pre
sent
no
form
alis
edna
tion
al h
erit
age
poli
cy .
Cul
ture
and
cul
tura
l po
licy
is
of-
ten
seen
as
lim
ited
to
the
mu-
seum
onl
y
esta
blis
h a
cult
ural
com
mis
sion
of
the
Sol
omon
Isl
ands
to
pave
the
way
for
the
dev
elop
men
t of
aco
mpr
ehen
sive
and
int
egra
ted
nati
onal
cul
tura
l he
rita
ge p
olic
yw
hich
in
turn
wil
l al
low
the
dev
el-
opm
ent
of c
ultu
ral
legi
slat
ion
The
Cul
tura
l C
omm
issi
on s
houl
d be
ast
atut
ory
body
cut
ting
acr
oss
the
norm
al l
ine
min
istr
ies
(The
re a
repr
eced
ents
, bu
t th
ese
are
usua
lly
mon
ey-m
akin
g ve
ntur
es).
The
com
mis
sion
cou
ld p
erha
ps b
e pl
aced
unde
r th
e pr
ime
min
iste
r's o
ffic
e to
give
it
mor
e au
thor
ity
and
stat
usco
nven
e a
(mod
erat
ed?)
Nat
iona
lC
ultu
ral
Con
vent
ion
to d
iscu
ss a
ndde
velo
p a
nati
onal
cul
tura
l po
licy
cult
ural
gro
ups
may
wis
h to
part
icip
ate
in a
con
vent
ion
but
may
not
be
prep
ared
to
unde
rwri
te a
nat
iona
lpo
licy
som
e cu
ltur
al g
roup
s ar
eex
trem
ely
wel
l or
gani
sed
and
disc
ipli
ned
in n
egot
i-at
ions
. th
ese
may
dom
inat
eth
e ag
enda
s
2.1.
Her
itag
e P
olic
y2.
1.3.
Ins
titu
-ti
onal
/Dep
artm
enta
l po
l-ic
y
The
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m h
as i
n pl
ace
anin
tern
al p
olic
y go
vern
ing
its
op-
erat
ions
and
col
lect
ion
man
age-
men
t.M
useu
m c
laim
s to
gen
erat
e id
eas
onpo
licy
whi
ch a
re s
ubm
itte
d to
PS
but
are
rare
ly u
sed
or f
ollo
wed
up
Thi
s po
licy
was
dra
fted
as
a na
-ti
onal
pol
icy,
whi
ch w
as n
otac
cept
edM
useu
m u
ses
the
poli
cy a
s an
inte
rnal
doc
umen
t, bu
t ca
nnot
give
it
lega
l w
eigh
tA
bsen
ce o
f a
Mus
eum
Act
defi
ning
the
rol
e an
d re
spon
-si
bili
ties
of
the
Nat
iona
l M
u-se
um
oppo
siti
on b
y go
vern
men
tag
enci
es f
eari
ng a
spl
itti
ngof
fun
ds
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 2
6 —
2.1.
Her
itag
e P
olic
y2.
1.4.
P
rovi
ncia
l/D
istr
ict
Pol
icy
whi
le p
rovi
ncia
l go
vern
men
ts h
ave
deve
lope
d le
gisl
atio
n th
ey h
ave
not
esta
blis
hed
a po
licy
fra
mew
ork
onK
usto
m a
nd c
ultu
ral
heri
tage
iss
ues
impr
ove
the
capa
city
of
the
prov
ince
s to
dev
elop
cul
tura
lhe
rita
ge p
olic
y an
d to
dev
elop
apr
oact
ive
man
agem
ent
fram
ewor
k.
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.1.
App
ropr
iate
ness
heri
tage
leg
isla
tion
exi
sts
on t
hena
tion
al a
nd t
he p
rovi
ncia
l le
vel
com
preh
ensi
ve l
egis
lati
on i
n pl
ace
inso
me
prov
ince
sG
uada
lcan
al p
rovi
nce
has
a la
w r
elat
edto
sit
es t
o re
gula
te d
evel
opm
ent
acti
viti
es
A N
atio
nal
Her
itag
e B
ill
has
been
draf
ted
to e
nabl
e th
e de
clar
atio
n of
Wor
ld H
erit
age
Are
as
the
regi
onal
cov
erag
e of
the
legi
slat
ion
is p
atch
y, w
ith
som
epr
ovin
ces
wel
l se
t up
and
oth
erno
t at
all
No
com
preh
ensi
ve n
atio
nal
legi
slat
ion
enac
ted
Her
itag
e la
w m
ay n
eed
revi
-si
on/u
pdat
ing
Lac
k of
a M
useu
m A
ct d
efin
ing
the
role
and
res
pons
ibil
itie
s of
the
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m
The
Nat
iona
l H
erit
age
Bil
l fo
-cu
ses
mai
nly
on t
he E
nvir
on-
men
tal
elem
ents
cond
uct
as s
yste
mat
ic,
coun
try-
wid
ere
view
of
the
heri
tage
leg
isla
tion
;
stan
dard
ise
legi
slat
ion;
deve
lopm
ent
of a
com
preh
ensi
vena
tion
al p
rote
ctiv
e le
gisl
atio
ndr
aft a
mas
ter
law
for
use
by
prov
inci
al g
over
nmen
ts
deve
lop
enab
ling
leg
isla
tion
whi
chde
fine
s th
e ro
les
and
resp
onsi
bili
-ti
es o
f th
e N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
ensu
re t
hat
the
Nat
iona
l H
erit
age
Bil
lac
know
ledg
es t
he i
nher
ent
and
inse
para
ble
link
bet
wee
n en
vi-
ronm
ent
and
Kus
tom
lack
of
co-o
pera
tion
by
prov
inci
al g
over
nmen
tsfe
arin
g in
terf
eren
ce i
n lo
-ca
l m
atte
rs
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 2
7 —
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.2.
Lev
el o
f pr
otec
tion
(Nat
iona
l)th
e le
vel
of h
erit
age
prot
ecti
on v
arie
sac
ross
the
cou
ntry
and
pro
vinc
esli
mit
ed c
o-op
erat
ion
betw
een
the
prov
ince
s an
d th
e na
tion
al m
useu
m,
wit
h on
ly s
ome
prov
ince
s co
min
gto
the
mus
eum
for
adv
ice
expo
rt o
f W
WII
rel
ics
proh
ibit
ed u
n-de
r th
e 19
82 P
rote
ctio
n of
War
Rel
ics
Act
The
Sol
omon
Air
line
s in
-fli
ght
mag
a-zi
ne c
arri
es a
not
ice
to t
he e
ffec
t in
the
coun
try
info
rmat
ion
sect
ion
The
Cus
tom
s an
d E
xcis
e A
ct p
rece
nts
the
expo
rt o
f ar
tefa
ct;
expo
rt o
f ar
tefa
cts
is p
rohi
bite
dun
less
per
mit
ted
by t
he m
u-se
um/M
inis
try
of C
ultu
re
For
estr
y le
gisl
atio
n re
quir
es a
n E
n-vi
ronm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent
befo
re p
roce
edin
g w
ith
deve
lop-
men
t, pa
id f
or b
y th
e de
velo
per
a cu
ltur
al h
erit
age
law
had
bee
n dr
afte
din
198
9/19
90 a
nd w
as s
ubm
itte
d to
cabi
net
nati
onal
age
ncie
s ha
ve p
robl
ems
keep
ing
up w
ith
loca
l va
riat
ions
in p
rovi
ncia
l la
ws
no f
orm
al c
hann
els
of n
otif
ica-
tio
nim
plem
enta
tion
of
the
nati
onal
1982
Pro
tect
ion
of W
ar R
elic
sA
ct i
s al
so c
ompl
icat
ed t
hrou
ghth
e pr
ovin
cial
leg
isla
tion
,w
hich
als
o de
term
ines
wha
t is
to
be p
rote
cted
nati
onal
her
itag
e le
gisl
atio
n do
esno
t pr
ovid
e a
unif
orm
app
roac
h.A
ny n
atio
nal
enfo
rcem
ent
reli
eson
uti
lisa
tion
of
anci
llar
yle
gisl
atio
n (e
g. C
usto
ms
and
Exc
ise
Act
), o
r on
pro
vinc
ial
appr
oach
es.
The
Cus
tom
s A
ct d
oes
not
spec
ify
the
type
of
arte
fact
whi
ch m
ayno
t be
exp
orte
dth
ere
is n
o na
tion
al l
egis
lati
onre
quir
ing
the
exec
utin
g of
ar-
chae
olog
ical
pre
-dev
elop
men
tsu
rvey
s
The
her
itag
e bi
ll w
as n
ever
fol
-lo
wed
up
and
did
not b
ecom
e la
w
heri
tage
law
nee
ds r
evis
ion/
upda
ting
;co
nduc
t a
syst
emat
ic,
coun
try-
wid
ere
view
of
the
heri
tage
leg
isla
tion
;at
tem
pt t
o st
anda
rdis
e na
tion
al a
ndes
peci
ally
pro
vinc
ial
legi
slat
ion;
draf
t ne
w n
atio
nal
law
s bu
t en
sure
the
pres
ence
of
an o
vera
rchi
ng e
nabl
ing
legi
slat
ion
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 2
8 —
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.2.
Lev
el o
f pr
otec
tion
(Pro
vinc
ial)
the
leve
l of
her
itag
e pr
otec
tion
var
ies
acro
ss t
he c
ount
ry a
nd p
rovi
nces
Som
e pr
ovin
cial
leg
isla
tion
proh
ibit
s th
e ex
port
of
arte
fact
s
Cus
tom
ary
exch
ange
of
shel
l m
onie
sbe
twee
n is
land
gro
ups
now
belo
ngin
g to
dif
fere
nt,
inde
pend
ent
coun
trie
s is
all
owed
und
er n
atio
nal
legi
slat
ion
adm
inis
tere
d by
the
Min
istr
y of
Com
mer
ce
Und
er p
rovi
ncia
l le
gisl
atio
n ar
-ch
aeol
ogic
al s
urve
ys m
ay b
em
anda
ted
for
Env
iron
men
tal
Impa
ctA
sses
smen
ts,
(eg.
Isa
bel
Pro
vinc
e,w
hich
req
uire
d a
logg
ing
com
pany
inte
r al
ia t
o ex
ecut
e a
surv
ey o
f si
tes
in t
he a
ffec
ted
area
s
unev
en l
evel
of
prot
ecti
on b
e-tw
een
vari
ous
prov
ince
sna
tion
al a
genc
ies
have
pro
blem
ske
epin
g up
wit
h lo
cal
vari
atio
nspr
ovin
cial
leg
isla
tion
has
une
ven
cove
rage
, w
ith
som
e pr
ovin
ces
prev
enti
ng t
he e
xpor
t of
ite
ms,
whi
le o
ther
s pe
rmit
it
The
pro
visi
ons
in s
ome
prov
in-
cial
law
s re
stri
ct t
heir
exp
ort
out
of t
he p
rovi
nce,
thu
s m
akin
gil
lega
l an
y ac
quis
itio
n by
the
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m i
n H
onia
ra a
sw
ell
a cu
stom
ary
exch
ange
sbe
twee
n cu
ltur
al g
roup
s re
sidi
ngin
dif
fere
nt p
rovi
nces
The
exp
ort
is n
ot m
onit
ored
and
only
li
ttle
inf
orm
atio
n ex
ists
on t
he q
uant
ity
and
qual
ity
ofth
e m
ater
ial
mov
ed.
cond
uct
a sy
stem
atic
, co
untr
y-w
ide
revi
ew o
f th
e he
rita
ge l
egis
lati
onw
ith
the
aim
to
upda
teat
tem
pt t
o st
anda
rdis
e na
tion
al a
ndes
peci
ally
pro
vinc
ial
legi
slat
ion;
draf
t ne
w p
rovi
ncia
l la
ws.
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.3.
Enf
orce
men
t(g
ener
al)
dam
age
to W
orld
War
II
site
s is
proh
ibit
edth
e si
tes
are
beco
min
g in
crea
s-in
gly
loot
ed a
nd d
eple
ted
subs
tant
ial
blac
k m
arke
t tr
ade
insc
rap
met
al,
espe
cial
ly c
oppe
r-al
loys
der
ived
fro
m a
mm
unit
ion
cart
ridg
es,
bree
ch-b
lock
s,co
pper
-wir
ing
of g
ener
ator
s an
dth
e li
kela
ck o
f aw
aren
ess
of e
xist
ing
legi
slat
ion
and
its
appl
icab
ilit
yth
roug
hout
the
pub
lic
serv
ice
dam
age
to o
ther
sit
es i
s no
tm
onit
ored
publ
ic e
duca
tion
pro
gram
mes
;in
crea
se e
nfor
cem
ent
capa
city
inte
rage
ncy
riva
lry
lack
of
inst
itut
iona
l in
tere
st
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 2
9 —
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.3.
Enf
orce
men
t(n
atio
nal)
expo
rt o
f ar
tefa
cts
is p
rohi
bite
dun
less
per
mit
ted
by t
he m
u-se
um/M
inis
try
of C
ultu
re;
outg
oing
lug
gage
(ca
bin
and
hold
) is
hand
sea
rche
d at
Hon
iara
air
port
,w
hich
all
ows
to f
ind
ille
gal
expo
rts
of a
rtef
acts
cust
oms
was
abl
e to
fin
d m
ater
ial
ontw
o oc
casi
ons.
In t
he 1
980s
a c
o-op
erat
ive
pro-
gram
me
exis
ted
in w
hich
the
mu-
seum
trai
ned
law
new
rec
ruit
s of
law
enfo
rcem
ent
offi
cers
in
reco
gnit
ion
of t
radi
tion
al a
nd e
xpor
t pr
ohib
ited
mat
eria
ls.
It i
s th
ese
offi
cers
who
mak
e th
e po
siti
ve i
dent
ific
atio
n (s
eeab
ove)
base
d on
obs
erva
tion
s by
ind
i-vi
dual
s;la
ck o
f en
forc
emen
t ca
paci
ty;
lack
of
enfo
rcem
ent
atti
tude
;an
y en
forc
emen
t re
lies
on
the
util
isat
ion
of a
ncil
lary
leg
isla
-ti
on,
such
as
the
Cus
tom
s an
dE
xcis
e A
ct,
or o
n pr
ovin
cial
appr
oach
esex
port
-pro
hibi
ted
arte
fact
s on
sale
in
the
duty
-fre
e sh
op i
nde
part
ure
loun
ge (
in s
ecur
ity
area
)ha
nd s
earc
h of
out
goin
g lu
ggag
e(c
abin
and
hol
d) i
s ve
rype
rfun
ctor
yla
ck o
f tr
aini
ng o
f cu
stom
s of
fi-
cial
mea
ns t
hat
mat
eria
l is
not
reco
gnis
ed a
nd l
eave
s th
eco
untr
yla
ck o
f w
ill
to e
nfor
cela
ck o
f ab
ilit
y to
ide
ntif
y ex
port
proh
ibit
ed i
tem
s re
sult
ed i
nm
ater
ial
bein
g ex
port
ed,
even
thou
gh f
ound
dur
ing
insp
ecti
ons
the
coop
erat
ion
sole
ly d
epen
dent
on i
ndiv
idua
ls.
Onc
e th
ey w
ere
shif
ted,
the
pra
ctic
e of
mus
eum
trai
ning
was
dis
cont
inue
d
publ
ic e
duca
tion
pro
gram
mes
;in
crea
se e
nfor
cem
ent
capa
city
trai
ning
pro
gram
mes
for
law
en-
forc
emen
t of
fice
rs;
form
alis
e th
e tr
aini
ng a
gend
asfo
rmal
ise
coop
erat
ion
inte
rage
ncy
riva
lry
lack
of
inst
itut
iona
l in
tere
stth
e co
nsta
nt s
hift
s of
gov
-er
nmen
t of
fici
als
was
see
nas
det
rim
enta
l to
lon
g-te
rmpl
anni
ng e
ffor
t
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 3
0 —
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.3.
Enf
orce
men
t(p
rovi
ncia
l)E
nfor
cem
ent
in p
rovi
nces
ver
yco
mpl
ex.
enfo
rcem
ent
in p
rovi
nces
mor
eco
mpl
icat
ed a
nd v
arie
d.cu
stom
ary
gift
s to
vis
itor
s m
aybe
leg
al b
ut b
ecom
e il
lega
lw
hen
expo
rted
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m c
anno
t ov
erri
depr
ovin
ces
unle
ss m
ater
ial
isli
sted
in
the
Cus
tom
s A
ctM
useu
m i
s ra
rely
ask
ed f
or e
xpor
tpe
rmis
sion
man
y ar
tefa
cts
are
expo
rted
thro
ugh
yach
ts w
hich
can
acc
ess
smal
l ha
rbou
rs t
hrou
ghou
t th
eis
land
s w
ith
litt
le s
urve
illa
nce
publ
ic e
duca
tion
pro
gram
mes
;in
crea
se e
nfor
cem
ent
capa
city
trai
ning
pro
gram
mes
for
law
en-
forc
emen
t of
fice
rs;
trai
ning
of
navy
pat
rol
boat
cre
ws
oncu
ltur
al h
erit
age
issu
es (
to e
nfor
ce i
ton
the
isl
ands
)pu
blic
edu
cati
on c
ampa
ign
inpr
ovin
ces
enli
st l
ocal
pol
ice
forc
es a
s cu
sto-
dian
s of
her
itag
e
inte
rage
ncy
riva
lry
lack
of
inst
itut
iona
l in
tere
st
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.4.
Pro
tect
ion
of i
n-ta
ngib
le h
erit
age
exis
tenc
e of
a v
iabl
e an
d vi
bran
tin
tang
ible
cul
tura
l he
rita
ge;
inte
rest
in
the
deve
lopm
ent
of n
ewfo
rms
of c
ultu
ral
expr
essi
ons
docu
men
tati
on a
nd a
ctiv
e te
achi
ng o
fth
is h
erit
age
occu
rs /
is
plan
ned
inte
llec
tual
pro
pert
y ri
ghts
hav
eno
t be
en a
ddre
ssed
in
exis
ting
cult
ural
her
itag
e le
gisl
atio
n;
deve
lopm
ent
of a
int
elle
ctua
l pr
op-
erty
rig
hts
act/
code
of
ethi
cs
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.5.
Res
earc
h P
erm
its
rese
arch
app
rova
l co
mm
itte
e ex
ists
,bu
t ap
plic
ants
are
uns
ure
abou
t th
epr
oced
ures
the
man
agem
ent/
oper
atio
n of
the
com
mit
tee
reli
es o
n on
e pe
rson
.If
the
per
son
out
of c
ount
ry n
ode
cisi
ons
are
mad
e2.
3. H
erit
age
Pla
n-n
ing
2.2.
1. A
ttit
ude
to P
lann
ing
som
e el
emen
ts o
f th
e cu
ltur
al h
erit
age
man
agem
ent
fiel
d re
cogn
ise
the
need
for
coor
dina
ted
plan
ning
litt
le c
oope
rati
on b
etw
een
min
-is
trie
s;li
ttle
com
mun
icat
ion
abou
tpl
anni
ng b
etw
een
min
istr
ies;
min
istr
ies
see
over
all
plan
ning
as i
nfri
ngin
g on
ow
n pa
tch
plan
ning
was
des
crib
ed a
rea
ctio
nto
thr
eats
fac
ing
a gi
ven
min
istr
y. I
f pr
oble
ms
wit
hla
ndow
ners
occ
ur,
heri
tage
poli
cy/p
lan
are
deve
lope
d to
solv
e th
e is
sue;
lack
of
cont
inue
d co
nsul
tati
onan
d co
-ope
rati
on i
n no
n-cr
isis
tim
es
impr
ove
the
rece
ptiv
enes
s of
var
ious
min
istr
ies
and
agen
cies
to
the
need
to p
lan
for
heri
tage
;pu
blic
aw
aren
ess
cam
paig
ns t
och
ange
pub
lic
atti
tude
lim
ited
rec
epti
vene
ss m
aypr
evai
l as
oth
er p
ress
ures
impa
ct o
n in
divi
du-
als/
othe
r ag
enci
es
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 3
1 —
2.3.
Her
itag
e P
lan-
nin
g2.
2.2.
Nat
iona
l L
evel
Pla
nnin
gA
num
ber
of in
tere
sted
and
qua
lifi
edst
aff
in p
lace
plan
ning
pro
cess
is
spli
nter
ed;
lack
of
real
isti
c m
ediu
m-t
erm
plan
ning
and
fre
quen
cy o
f ad
hoc
deci
sion
s ca
uses
ins
tabi
lity
in g
over
nmen
t pr
ogra
mm
esli
mit
ed u
se i
s m
ade
of f
ile
info
r-m
atio
n, l
eadi
ng t
o re
ques
ts t
ore
-sol
ve i
ssue
s al
read
y ad
dres
sed
and
othe
r re
dupl
icat
ion
ofef
fort
s
esta
blis
hmen
t of
a n
atio
nal
heri
tage
deve
lopm
ent
and
man
agem
ent
plan
ning
pro
cess
and
dev
elop
men
t a
sam
ple
mas
ter
plan
deve
lopm
ent
of r
egio
nal
heri
tage
deve
lopm
ent
and
man
agem
ent
plan
ning
pro
cess
espr
iori
tisa
tion
of
heri
tage
pla
nnin
g ad
fund
ing
on a
nat
ion
2.3.
Her
itag
e P
lan-
nin
g2.
2.3.
Ins
titu
tion
al/
De-
part
men
tal
Pla
nnin
gT
he N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
has
dev
elop
edan
int
erna
l po
licy
and
dev
elop
men
tp
lan
.
no p
lann
ing
proc
esse
s ta
ke p
lace
in a
genc
ies
outs
ide
the
regu
lar
deve
lopm
ent
plan
cyc
le
deve
lop
a se
cond
pla
nnin
g cy
cle
toas
sess
the
im
pact
of
the
nati
onal
deve
lopm
ent
plan
on
the
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
fiel
d
lim
itat
ions
of
staf
f re
sour
ces
to a
ddre
ss t
hese
iss
ues
2.3.
Her
itag
e P
lan-
nin
g2.
2.4.
P
rovi
ncia
l/D
istr
ict
Lev
el P
lann
ing
no p
lann
ing
proc
esse
s on
the
prov
inci
al l
evel
s;ad
hoc
dec
isio
n m
akin
g;so
met
imes
wit
hin
a po
licy
fram
ewor
k2.
4. F
undi
ng B
ase
2.4.
1. N
atio
nal
Gov
ern-
men
tal
l op
erat
ing
and
esta
blis
hmen
t fu
nds
deri
ved
from
the
Nat
iona
lgo
vern
men
t bu
dget
fund
ing
is s
uppl
emen
ted
from
re-
gion
al a
id f
unds
fund
s ar
e no
t su
ffic
ient
to
mai
n-ta
in a
n ef
fect
ive
oper
atio
n, l
etal
one
to e
xpan
d it
;an
nual
fun
ding
lev
els
are
not
pred
icta
ble,
mak
ing
med
ium
-te
rm p
roje
ct p
lann
ing
mea
ning
-le
ssev
en i
f fu
ndin
g ex
ists
/has
bee
nal
loca
ted,
oth
er g
over
nmen
tag
enci
es m
ay b
e sl
ack
to p
ro-
cess
ten
der
docu
men
ts(e
xam
ple)
, th
us l
eadi
ng t
o th
elo
ss o
f fu
ndin
g
impr
ove
the
proj
ect
man
agem
ent
skil
ls o
f th
e he
rita
ge a
genc
ies;
impr
ove
com
mun
icat
ions
bet
wee
nhe
rita
ge a
genc
ies
and
othe
r go
v-er
nmen
t ag
enci
es n
ot i
nvol
ved
inhe
rita
ge m
anag
emen
t
staf
f li
mit
atio
ns
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.2.
NG
O's
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.3.
Reg
iona
l he
rita
gebo
dies
The
nat
iona
l m
useu
m o
btai
ns f
unds
from
UN
ESC
O, S
PCF,
JIC
A2.
4. F
undi
ng B
ase
2.4.
4. G
rant
wri
ting
ski
lls
As
evid
ence
d by
the
var
iety
of
gran
tsob
tain
ed t
he n
atio
nal
mus
eum
has
adeq
uate
gra
nt w
riti
ng s
kill
s2.
4. F
undi
ng B
ase
2.4.
5. P
riva
te S
ecto
r
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 3
2 —
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
1. R
egio
nal
Co-
oper
a-ti
on,
form
al c
hann
els
form
al r
egio
nal
co-o
pera
tion
exi
sts
thro
ugh
the
cult
ural
off
icer
s of
the
Mel
anes
ian
Spe
arhe
ad G
roup
;PI
MA
has
bee
n fo
rmed
the
view
was
exp
ress
ed t
hat
the
stre
ngth
enin
g of
bil
ater
al c
ultu
ral
heri
tage
rel
atio
ns c
ould
aid
in
re-
duci
ng b
ilat
eral
ten
sion
(E
g P
NG
&S
olom
on I
slan
ds)
the
offi
cers
mee
t on
ly o
ne a
yea
r;th
e fo
rmal
str
uctu
res
are
curr
entl
ybe
ing
deve
lope
d;
stre
ngth
en t
he r
egio
nal
coop
erat
ion
thro
ugh
the
prov
isio
n an
d fu
ndin
gof
for
mal
mee
ting
s (v
ia P
IMA
,P
RE
MO
or
sim
ilar
ven
ues)
and
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
2. R
egio
nal
Co-
oper
a-ti
on,
info
rmal
cha
nnel
sin
form
al c
o-op
erat
ion
exis
ts,
but
isba
sed
on m
eeti
ng e
ach
othe
r at
conf
eren
ces
and
othe
r w
orks
hops
;
the
info
rmal
cha
nnel
s ar
e su
bjec
tto
per
sona
liti
es a
nd i
ndiv
idua
ls,
whi
ch i
n vi
ew o
f th
e sm
all
staf
fba
se a
nd t
h hi
gh t
urno
ver
ofst
aff
pose
s a
prob
lem
incr
ease
opt
ions
/fun
ding
for
sta
ff t
oat
tend
reg
iona
l m
eeti
ngs;
impr
ove/
deve
lop
oppo
rtun
itie
s fo
rbi
late
ral
exch
ange
pro
gram
s an
dv
isit
s2.
5. H
erit
age
Age
ncie
s2.
5.3.
Age
ncy
co-o
pera
-ti
on
a ra
nge
of s
tron
g he
rita
ge a
utho
ri-
ties
/age
ncie
s ex
ists
in
the
Sol
omon
Isla
nds
(Sol
omon
Isl
ands
Nat
iona
lA
rt G
alle
ry a
nd C
ultu
ral
Cen
tre;
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m o
f th
e S
olom
onIs
land
s; N
atio
nal
Arc
hive
s of
the
Sol
omon
Isl
ands
and
a p
riva
te w
arm
useu
m)
the
inte
r-ag
ency
app
roac
h is
not
form
alis
ed;
inte
r-ag
ency
riv
alry
cau
sed
bype
rson
alit
y co
nfli
cts
deve
lopm
ent
of a
nat
iona
l he
rita
gepo
licy
wit
h cl
earl
y de
fine
d ro
les
for
the
vari
ous
agen
cies
to
prev
ent
dupl
icat
ion
of e
ffor
ts a
nd r
ival
ry
dupl
icat
ion
of e
ffor
ts;
inte
r-ag
ency
riv
alry
.
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
4. C
entr
al c
o-or
dina
-ti
on o
f he
rita
ge e
ffor
ts.
exis
ting
Cus
tom
ary
Lan
ds R
ecor
ding
Act
pro
vidi
ng a
bas
is f
or a
com
preh
ensi
ve s
urve
y an
d do
cu-
men
tati
on o
f th
e tr
adit
iona
l la
ndte
nure
iss
ues;
exis
ting
Arc
hive
s A
ct p
rovi
ding
aba
sis
for
a co
mpr
ehen
sive
col
lec-
tion
of
prov
inci
al a
nd n
atio
nal
reco
rds;
Nat
iona
l C
omm
issi
on O
ffic
e fo
r U
N-
ESC
O in
pla
ce
Nat
iona
l C
omm
issi
on O
ffic
e fo
rU
NE
SCO
doe
s no
t hav
e an
elec
ted
coun
cil,
all
prio
rity
deci
sion
s so
lely
mad
e by
the
Min
istr
y of
Edu
cati
on
Est
abli
sh c
ounc
il a
dvis
ing
Nat
iona
lC
omm
issi
on O
ffic
e fo
r U
NE
SC
O,
allo
win
g cu
ltur
al h
erit
age
man
-ag
emen
t a
grea
ter
voic
e in
the
fund
ing
prio
riti
sati
on
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
5. N
GO
'ssm
all
mus
eum
man
aged
by
the
Ang
lica
n ch
urch
, in
Hon
iara
litt
le s
yste
mat
ic a
ppro
ache
sco
nduc
ted
com
preh
ensi
ve h
erit
age
man
agem
ent
can
util
ise
NG
O s
truc
ture
s in
impl
emen
tati
on2.
5. H
erit
age
Age
ncie
s2.
5.6.
Dec
entr
alis
atio
n of
heri
tage
man
agem
ent.
prov
ince
s ar
e in
tere
sted
in
thei
r ow
ncu
stom
ary
land
s re
cord
ing
sche
mes
;ac
cess
to
larg
e ai
d de
velo
pmen
t fu
nds
for
the
Nat
iona
l G
alle
ry d
e-ve
lopm
ent
lack
of
com
mun
icat
ion
be-
twee
n pa
rtne
rs;
frac
tion
atio
n of
eff
orts
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
7. I
nter
acti
on o
f lo
cal
wit
h ce
ntra
l au
thor
itie
s
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 3
3 —
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
8. L
ocal
inv
olve
men
t
2.6.
Key
Sta
ke-
hold
ers
2.6.
1. G
over
nmen
t de
vel-
opm
ent
agen
cies
For
estr
y le
gisl
atio
n re
quir
es a
n E
n-vi
ronm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent
befo
re p
roce
edin
g w
ith
deve
lop-
men
t, pa
id f
or b
y th
e de
velo
per
ther
e is
no
nati
onal
leg
isla
tion
requ
irin
g th
e ex
ecut
ing
of a
r-ch
aeol
ogic
al p
re-d
evel
opm
ent
surv
eys
2.6.
Key
Sta
ke-
hold
ers
2.6.
2. L
ocal
Com
mun
itie
sU
nder
pro
vinc
ial
legi
slat
ion
ar-
chae
olog
ical
sur
veys
may
be
man
date
d fo
r E
nvir
onm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ents
, (e
g. I
sabe
l P
rovi
nce,
whi
ch r
equi
red
a lo
ggin
g co
mpa
nyin
ter
alia
to
cons
ult
wit
h th
e la
ndow
ners
.
com
mun
itie
s m
ay i
n fa
ct n
ot b
eco
nsul
ted
at a
ll
2.6.
Key
Sta
ke-
hold
ers
2.6.
3. D
evel
oper
s
2.6.
Key
Sta
ke-
hold
ers
2.6.
4. R
elig
ious
Ins
titu
-ti
on
sch
urch
es a
re a
ctiv
ely
invo
lved
in
shap
ing
cult
ural
pol
icy
chur
ches
are
a v
ery
pow
erfu
l bo
dy o
fno
n-go
vern
men
t au
thor
ity
at t
helo
cal
leve
l;so
me
deno
min
atio
ns a
re m
ore
re-
cept
ive
to t
he c
onti
nuit
y of
Kus
tom
and
trad
itio
ns t
han
othe
rs
man
y ch
urch
es (
depe
ndin
g o
indi
vidu
als)
use
a d
irec
tive
appr
oach
whe
n pr
each
ing
from
the
pulp
it a
nd a
re n
otne
cess
aril
y re
cept
ive
totr
adit
iona
l ne
eds
deve
lop
a cl
oser
lin
k be
twee
n th
ehe
rita
ge m
anag
emen
t ag
enci
es a
ndth
e ch
urch
es w
.r.t.
to
trad
itio
nal
prac
tice
s
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 3
4 —
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.1.
Edu
cati
on p
olic
yIt
is
part
of
the
Nat
iona
l E
duca
tion
Pol
icy
to l
ocal
ise
the
Sol
omon
Is-
land
s C
urri
culu
m
clea
r di
chot
omy
betw
een
the
scho
ol e
duca
tion
sys
tem
wit
hw
este
rn v
alue
s of
lea
rnin
g an
dkn
owle
dge,
and
the
cul
tura
led
ucat
ion
cond
ucte
d by
the
com
mun
ity
and
the
fam
ilie
s
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.2.
Cur
ricu
lum
Dev
el-
opm
ent
Cur
ricu
lum
Dev
elop
men
t C
entr
e is
inte
rest
ed i
n he
rita
ge/K
usto
m m
at-
ters
and
act
ivel
y se
eks
to i
ncor
po-
rate
the
m i
nto
read
ers
and
the
curr
icul
um m
ater
ials
;
the
effo
rt i
s a
form
al o
ne,
the
exe-
cuti
on i
s in
form
al
exce
llen
t E
ngli
sh r
eade
rs f
or p
rim
ary
scho
ols,
usi
ng t
radi
tion
al s
tori
es a
sth
e th
eme;
teac
hers
are
cal
led
into
cur
ricu
lum
deve
lopm
ent
wor
ksho
ps,
whi
chen
sure
mix
of
cult
ural
gro
ups
rep-
rese
nted
lack
of
coor
dina
tion
wit
h th
em
useu
m,
whi
ch i
s no
t fo
rmal
lypa
rt o
f th
e cu
rric
ulum
dev
el-
opm
ent
proc
ess;
lack
of
a fo
rmal
ised
rel
atio
nshi
p,to
o m
uch
depe
nds
onin
divi
dual
s;
nati
onal
mus
eum
is
pres
ente
don
ly o
f th
e pe
rfor
min
g ar
tspa
nel
of t
he C
urri
culu
m D
evel
-op
men
t C
entr
e bu
t co
uld/
wou
ldli
ke t
o pr
ovid
e ad
vice
on
othe
rpa
nels
as
wel
l;
sele
ctio
n of
top
ics
for
prim
ary
scho
ol r
eade
rs d
epen
ds o
n th
eau
thor
of
the
read
er, a
co-
ordi
nate
d ap
proa
ch t
o su
bjec
tm
atte
r is
lac
king
(in
Eng
lish
read
ers)
inpu
t of
var
ious
cul
tura
l gr
oups
has
not
been
for
mal
ised
, an
doc
curs
on
an a
d ho
c ba
sis
only
.
deve
lop
a co
mpr
ehen
sive
app
roac
hfo
r th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
loc
alis
edm
ater
ials
wit
h ov
ert
or c
over
t tr
a-di
tion
al c
onte
nt
Dev
elop
a f
orm
alis
ed c
o-op
erat
ion
betw
een
the
Cur
ricu
lum
Dev
elop
-m
ent
Cen
tre
and
the
Sol
omon
Is-
land
s M
useu
m
grea
t po
tent
ial
for
prov
idin
g tr
aini
ngor
wor
ksho
ps o
n a
regi
onal
bas
is
fund
ing
to d
evel
op c
urri
cu-
lum
mat
eria
lsfu
ndin
g to
em
ploy
add
i-ti
onal
sta
ff t
o de
velo
p cu
l-tu
re/K
usto
m f
ocus
sed
curr
icul
um m
ater
ials
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 3
5 —
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.3.
Pri
mar
y S
choo
ls(g
ener
al)
vern
acul
ar t
each
ing
in s
ome
prim
ary
sch
oo
l,
Her
itag
e an
d cu
stom
im
port
ant
ele-
men
ts i
n a
Sol
omon
Isl
ande
rs p
er-
sona
l se
nse
of b
eing
exce
llen
t E
ngli
sh r
eade
rs f
or p
rim
ary
scho
ols,
usi
ng t
radi
tion
al s
tori
es a
sth
e th
eme;
prim
ary
scho
ol c
urri
culu
m b
eing
lo-
cali
sed;
cult
ural
stu
dies
/Kus
tom
is
offe
red
two
hour
s/w
eek;
a cu
ltur
al c
ompo
nent
is
offe
red
in t
hepe
riod
aft
er e
xam
inat
ions
hav
efi
nish
ed a
nd p
rior
to
scho
ol h
oli-
days
vern
acul
ar l
angu
age
educ
atio
non
ly u
ntil
yea
r 3,
fro
m t
hen
onE
ngli
sh;
vern
acul
ar l
angu
ages
onl
y in
rur
alar
eas,
in
Hon
iara
the
fir
stla
ngua
ge f
or m
any
chil
dren
is
Pid
gin
the
teac
hing
of
vern
acul
ar l
an-
guag
es d
epen
ds o
n th
e pr
esen
ceof
a t
each
er w
ho c
omes
fro
m t
hesa
me
cult
ural
gro
up.
teac
hing
of
loca
l cu
stom
onl
yoc
curs
in
a sy
stem
atic
fas
hion
if
the
teac
her
is f
rom
the
sam
ecu
ltur
al g
roup
;so
me
prov
ince
s ha
ve a
hig
her
educ
atio
nal
leve
l th
an o
ther
s,w
hich
has
now
the
eff
ect
that
ther
e ar
e m
ore
teac
hers
fro
mth
ese
prov
ince
s in
the
sys
tem
.un
trai
ned
teac
hers
are
o l
onge
rpa
id a
s fr
om 1
996,
whi
ch r
e-du
ces
the
num
ber
of l
ocal
lysk
ille
d in
divi
dual
s an
d co
uld
com
poun
d ex
isti
ng p
robl
ems
duri
ng p
rim
ary
scho
ol t
here
is
ahe
avy
emph
asis
tow
ards
achi
evin
g en
try
into
sec
onda
rysc
hool
s;
It a
lrea
dy t
akes
pla
ce b
ut i
s an
ad
hoc
deve
lopm
ent
base
d on
indi
vidu
al i
nter
ests
by
the
teac
hers
this
pra
ctic
e ca
n se
nd t
he m
es-
sage
to
stud
ents
tha
t he
r-it
age/
Kus
tom
is
of s
igni
fica
ntly
low
er p
rior
ity
than
the
res
t of
the
curr
icul
um
coor
dina
te t
he d
evel
opm
ent
of c
ur-
ricu
lum
mat
eria
ls w
ith
trad
itio
nal
cont
ent
whe
re p
ossi
ble
impr
ove
the
over
all
num
ber
ofte
ache
rs a
nd e
ncou
rage
stu
dent
sfr
om u
nder
repr
esen
ted
prov
ince
s to
take
up
teac
hing
as
a pr
ofes
sion
incr
ease
the
num
ber
of s
econ
dary
scho
ol p
lace
s to
inc
reas
e in
take
and
redu
ce e
xam
-dri
ven
inst
ruct
ion
(the
deci
sion
s ar
e of
cou
rse
poli
tica
l an
dfi
nanc
ial)
fund
ing
to i
ncre
ase
the
num
ber
of t
each
ers
gran
ts t
o en
cour
age
qual
ifie
dst
uden
ts f
rom
und
er-
repr
esen
ted
prov
ince
s to
take
up
teac
hing
rat
her
any
othe
r li
ne o
f st
udy
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 3
6 —
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.3.
Pri
mar
y S
choo
ls(t
each
ing
in c
omm
unit
ies)
loca
l ex
pert
s in
Kus
tom
are
ask
ed t
ogi
ve t
alks
too
heav
y re
lian
ce o
f lo
cal
gues
tte
ache
rs/i
nstr
ucto
rs f
or K
usto
mun
derm
ines
tea
cher
s' a
utho
r-it
y/st
atus
as
teac
hers
are
per
-ce
ived
as
'kno
w-a
lls'
loca
l ex
pert
s in
Kus
tom
no
long
er p
erfo
rm v
olun
tary
but
expe
ct p
aym
ent;
deve
lop
a vo
lunt
eer
sche
me
to e
nsur
eth
at t
radi
tion
al c
onte
nt i
s ta
ught
in
prim
ary
scho
ols
devi
se a
str
ateg
y to
'de
-sti
gmat
ise'
the
lack
of
trad
itio
nal
know
ledg
e by
'fore
ign'
tea
cher
s
fund
ing
to i
ncre
ase
the
num
ber
of t
each
ers
gran
ts t
o en
cour
age
qual
ifie
dst
uden
ts f
rom
und
er-
repr
esen
ted
prov
ince
s to
take
up
teac
hing
rat
her
any
othe
r li
ne o
f st
udy
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.4.
Sec
onda
ry S
choo
lsM
uch
of t
he c
onte
nt i
n th
e S
ocia
lS
cien
ces
fiel
d is
loc
alis
edli
mit
ed n
umbe
r of
sec
onda
rysc
hool
pla
ces
mea
ns t
hat
only
30%
of
the
pupi
ls p
rogr
ess
litt
le o
f th
e co
nten
t in
the
sci
-en
ces
is l
ocal
ised
Eng
lish
is
the
med
ium
of
inst
ruct
ion
in
seco
ndar
ysc
hool
s
the
plan
ned
expa
nsio
n of
sec
onda
rysc
hool
pla
ces
wou
ld a
llow
for
grea
ter
flex
ibil
ity
in t
he c
urri
culu
m,
thus
all
owin
g to
inc
lude
cul
tura
lst
udie
s fi
guri
ng m
ore
prom
inen
tly
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.5.
Ter
tiar
y In
stit
utio
nsT
he S
olom
on I
slan
ds C
olle
ge o
fH
ighe
r E
duca
tion
off
ers
teac
her
trai
ning
SIC
HE
tak
es S
ocia
l S
cien
ce t
each
ers
tth
e m
useu
m a
nd u
rges
the
uti
lisa
tion
of t
his
reso
urce
. E
xcur
sion
s to
arch
aeol
ogic
al s
ites
(su
ch a
s P
oha)
are
also
und
erta
ken.
SIC
HE
enc
oura
ges
teac
hers
to
coll
abor
ate
wit
h th
Cur
ricu
lum
De-
velo
pmen
t C
entr
e on
app
ropr
iate
teac
hing
too
lsen
cour
agem
ent
for
teac
hers
to
serv
eon
for
mal
cur
ricu
lum
pan
els
Her
itag
e m
atte
rs a
re n
ot p
art
ofth
e cu
rric
ulum
no s
yste
mat
ic a
ppro
ach
take
n,th
e ef
fort
s de
pend
on
inte
rest
sby
ind
ivid
ual
teac
hers
The
SIC
HE
Sch
ool o
f G
ener
alS
tudi
es d
oes
not
offe
r a
cust
omse
gmen
tS
ICH
E v
ocat
iona
l pr
ogra
ms
dono
t ha
ve a
cul
tura
l he
rita
ge e
l-em
ent
Tra
diti
onal
cra
fts
not
seen
as
inte
gral
par
t of
voc
atio
nal
trai
ning
Dev
elop
a c
ore/
foun
dati
on s
ubje
ct f
oral
l co
urse
s ta
ught
at
the
Sol
omon
Isla
nds
Col
lege
of
Hig
her
Edu
cati
onin
corp
orat
ing
Her
itag
e an
d K
usto
m("
Sol
omon
Isl
ands
Stu
dies
"?).
Mak
e co
llab
orat
ion
in c
urri
culu
mde
velo
pmen
t pr
ojec
ts a
ass
essa
ble
elem
ent
in t
he t
rain
ing
prog
ram
Impr
ove
the
inte
grat
ion
of t
radi
tion
alsk
ills
and
cra
fts
into
a m
oder
nvo
cati
onal
tra
inin
g cu
rric
ulum
(whe
re p
ossi
ble)
Rel
ucta
nce
of c
olle
ge c
o-or
dina
tors
to
sacr
ific
e on
esu
bjec
t in
the
cur
ricu
lum
.
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.6.
Rol
e of
the
mus
eum
good
col
lect
ion
of m
ater
ial;
good
res
ourc
e fo
r ed
ucat
ion
mus
eum
may
nee
d a
dida
ctic
over
haul
to
mak
e it
mor
e ac
-ce
ssib
le a
nd u
pdat
e di
spla
ys
Dev
elop
men
t of
new
exh
ibit
ion
whi
ch i
s in
tegr
ated
int
o th
e cu
r-ri
culu
m,
lim
itat
ions
on
fund
ing
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
1. C
omm
unit
y E
duca
-ti
on P
olic
yno
for
mal
and
int
egra
ted
com
-m
unit
y ed
ucat
ion
poli
cy e
xist
son
a n
atio
nal
leve
l
deve
lop
a na
tion
al c
omm
unit
y ed
u-ca
tion
pol
icy
to f
oste
r aw
aren
ess
onth
e im
port
ance
of
Kus
tom
in
the
mod
ern
Sol
omon
Isl
ands
soc
iety
relu
ctan
ce b
y ag
enci
es t
oco
llab
orat
e if
the
y ar
e no
tth
e ex
ecut
ing
agen
cy
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
2. G
over
nmen
tA
genc
ies
a sy
stem
atic
her
itag
e aw
aren
ess
prog
ram
me
for
the
vari
ous
arm
sof
gov
ernm
ent
is l
acki
ng
deve
lop
and
impl
emen
t a
publ
icaw
aren
ess
prog
ram
me
aim
ed a
tgo
vern
men
t of
fici
als
from
min
-is
trie
s pe
riph
eral
ly i
nvol
ved
inhe
rita
ge m
anag
emen
t
relu
ctan
ce o
f m
inis
trie
s to
co-o
pera
te i
n w
hat
isde
emed
not
to
be t
heir
prim
ary
busi
ness
.
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 3
7 —
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
3. M
useu
ms
and
Cul
-tu
ral
Cen
tres
The
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m o
ffer
s th
e cu
l-tu
ral
cent
re w
ithi
n th
e m
useu
mco
mpl
ex f
or c
omm
unit
y us
e; n
otm
uch
use
is m
ade
of t
his
faci
lity
.pl
ans
unde
r w
ay t
o al
low
the
com
-m
unit
y to
sel
l ar
tefa
cts
in t
he c
ul-
tura
l ce
ntre
, an
d by
doi
ng s
o a
pers
onne
l pr
esen
ce i
the
cen
tre
isim
prov
edT
he m
useu
m h
as a
his
tory
of
pub-
lish
ing
cult
ural
her
itag
e in
form
atio
n
the
appr
oach
es a
re n
ot f
ully
or-
gani
sed
and
rely
too
muc
h us
er-
init
iate
d ap
proa
ches
;th
e m
useu
m d
oes
not
full
y ut
ilis
eth
e op
port
unit
y fo
r m
ore
proa
ctiv
e w
ork
and
reli
es t
oom
uch
of o
ther
s co
min
g to
it
for
help
etc
.
stre
ngth
en t
he m
useu
ms
capa
city
to
be p
roac
tive
in
crea
ting
an
awar
enes
s of
the
mus
eum
as
a to
ol i
nco
mm
unit
y ed
ucat
ion'
ensu
re t
hat
the
mus
eum
pro
vide
sto
pica
l m
ater
ials
, di
spla
ys a
ndpr
ogra
mm
es w
hene
ver
nati
onal
or
inte
rnat
iona
l ev
ents
are
sta
ged
Rel
ucta
nce
to e
mba
rk o
npr
ojec
t w
hich
may
app
ear
not
dest
ined
to
gene
rate
inco
me;
Sec
urit
y of
art
efac
ts.
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
4. N
GO
'sT
he S
IDT
pro
gram
me
deal
s w
ith
envi
ronm
enta
l m
anag
emen
t, w
hich
at o
ne p
oint
alw
ays
com
es b
ack
toK
usto
m a
nd t
radi
tion
al u
sage
of
land
Infr
astr
uctu
re o
f w
omen
's g
roup
s(M
othe
r's U
nion
etc
) ex
ist
inP
rovi
nces
no s
yste
mat
ic a
ppro
ach
to K
us-
tom
man
agem
ent
by N
GO
sw
omen
's g
roup
s ar
e re
port
edly
mai
nly
inte
rest
ed i
n m
oder
n'h
andi
craf
t' (p
illo
ws,
cro
chet
etc)
; aw
aren
ess
of t
radi
tion
alsk
ills
exi
sts
but
litt
le i
nter
est
inde
velo
pmen
t/ut
ilis
atio
n
cond
uct
a tr
aini
ng/i
nfor
mat
ion
wor
ksho
p fo
r th
e lo
cal
NG
O's
,ch
urch
gro
ups
and
wom
en's
or-
gani
sati
ons
t ad
dres
s th
e ne
ed t
ocu
ltur
al p
olic
y an
d cu
ltur
al m
an-
agem
ent
issu
es
relu
ctan
ce o
f so
me
NG
s to
atte
nd a
s th
e ob
ject
ive
may
be p
erce
ived
as
peri
pher
alto
the
ir m
issi
on.
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
5. R
adio
A r
egul
ar o
ne-h
our
prog
ram
me
onS
atur
day
nigh
t te
llin
g K
usto
m s
to-
ries
.ot
her
Kus
tom
rep
orti
ng i
s ev
ent
driv
ena
gove
rnm
ent
info
rmat
ion
pro-
gram
me
exis
ts (
The
gov
ernm
ent
and
you)
, to
whi
ch t
he m
useu
m h
asfu
rnis
hed
stor
ies.
lim
ited
ori
gina
l so
urce
mat
eria
lpl
ayed
;li
mit
ed o
rgan
ised
pro
gram
min
gof
her
itag
e is
sues
lim
ited
pro
acti
ve w
ork
by t
hem
useu
m t
o de
velo
p a
radi
o pr
o-gr
am s
trat
egy
esta
blis
h a
wee
kly
half
-hou
rly
pro-
gram
me
duri
ng '
prim
e' l
iste
ning
tim
e in
add
itio
n to
the
Kus
tom
sto
rypr
ogra
mm
e;m
ove
the
stor
y-te
llin
g pr
ogra
mm
e to
a m
orni
ng s
lot
whi
ch c
ould
all
owin
corp
orat
ion
into
pri
mar
y sc
hool
curr
icul
umS
taff
at
the
Div
isio
n of
Inf
orm
atio
nS
ervi
ces
of t
he P
rim
e M
inis
ter's
Off
ice
have
res
pons
ibil
itie
s fo
rm
inis
trie
s, p
rovi
ding
the
opp
ortu
-ni
ty f
or a
con
cert
ed m
edia
cam
paig
n
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 3
8 —
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
6. S
emi-
acad
emic
jour
nals
Sub
stan
tial
mat
eria
l of
rel
evan
ce f
ordi
ssem
inat
ion
avai
labl
e;hi
stor
y of
pub
lish
ing
such
mat
eria
l;S
olom
on I
slan
ds M
useu
m N
ewsl
ette
r(T
aem
Bif
o) i
n ex
iste
nce
insu
ffic
ient
num
bers
of
trai
ned
staf
f;pu
blic
atio
n re
cord
of
the
Sol
omon
Isl
ands
Mus
eum
New
slet
ter
is i
nter
mit
tent
In t
he 1
970s
the
now
def
unct
Cul
tura
l A
ssoc
iati
on o
f th
eS
olom
on I
slan
ds p
ubli
shed
ase
mi-
prof
essi
onal
jou
rnal
whi
chta
rget
ed a
wel
l edu
cate
dre
ader
ship
. T
his
jour
nal
and
its
type
of
publ
icat
ion
has
now
laps
ed.
insu
ffic
ient
com
pute
r te
chno
logy
to c
ondu
ct i
n-ho
use
desk
top
publ
ishi
ng
prod
ucti
on o
f a
jour
nal,
diss
emin
a-ti
on o
f m
ater
ial
for
incl
usio
n in
scho
ol c
urri
cula
etc
.
unce
rtai
ntie
s ab
out
fina
ncia
lvi
abil
ity
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
7. L
ocal
TV
Loc
al S
olom
on I
slan
ds t
elev
isio
n to
star
t up
soo
n.A
boa
rd t
o ov
erse
e th
e te
levi
sion
stat
ion
has
been
set
up
pres
entl
y no
loc
al T
V s
ervi
ceav
aila
ble
The
TV
Boa
rd d
oes
not h
ave
are
pres
enta
tive
fro
m t
he E
du-
cati
on s
yste
m o
r fr
om t
he c
ul-
tura
l fi
eld
asse
ss t
he v
iabi
lity
of
a C
ultu
ral
Cen
tre/
Mus
eum
ow
ned
and
oper
ated
non-
com
mer
cial
TV
ser
vice
for
Hon
iara
acc
essi
ng a
lar
gely
urba
nise
d po
pula
tion
fund
ing
to m
aint
ain
the
tran
smit
ter
and
edit
ing
stud
iofu
ndin
g to
mai
ntai
n st
affi
ng
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
8. P
rint
Med
iaw
ell
esta
blis
hed
prog
ram
me
of i
n-fl
ight
mag
azin
e ar
ticl
es w
ith
Sol
omon
Air
line
s (S
olom
ons)
;S
olom
on I
slan
ds M
useu
m N
ewsl
ette
r(T
aem
Bif
o) i
n ex
iste
nce;
occa
sion
al a
rtic
le i
n th
e lo
cal
new
s-pa
per;
occa
sion
al e
xpos
ure
in r
egio
nal
new
spap
ers
the
appr
oach
es t
o pu
blic
edu
-ca
tion
via
pri
nt m
edia
are
lim
-it
ed t
o in
divi
dual
ini
tiat
ive
and
are
not
coor
dina
ted
loca
l ne
wsp
aper
cov
erag
e is
pure
ly e
vent
dri
ven
deve
lop
a co
ordi
nate
d m
edia
str
ateg
yw
hich
all
ows
to c
onve
y pu
blic
educ
atio
n m
essa
ges
targ
eted
to
key
audi
ence
ses
tabl
ish
a re
gula
r K
usto
m c
olum
n in
the
loca
l pr
ess
util
ise
the
exis
ting
col
our
sepa
ra-
tion
s an
d pa
ge l
ay-o
ut o
f th
eS
olom
on A
irli
nes
In-f
ligh
tm
agaz
ine
to p
rodu
ce b
ienn
ial
colo
urbo
oks
on K
usto
m a
nd h
erit
age
relu
ctan
ce b
y th
e va
riou
sse
ctio
ns t
o 's
urre
nder
'ed
itor
ial
auto
nom
yco
pyri
ght
of t
he S
olom
onIs
land
s In
-fli
ght
mag
azin
ere
sts
wit
h pu
blis
hers
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 3
9 —
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
9. P
ubli
c di
spla
ysT
he n
atio
nal
mus
eum
has
dev
elop
edni
ne p
orta
ble
educ
atio
n ki
ts w
hich
are
ship
ped
to v
ario
us s
choo
ls,
who
reta
in t
hem
for
the
dur
atio
n of
a t
erm
and
then
han
d th
em o
n to
the
nex
tsc
hool
(4
term
/yea
r).
The
se k
its
cont
ain
arte
fact
s w
ith
pane
l te
xts
and
phot
ogra
phs
A f
ew g
ener
al p
ubli
c di
spla
ys e
xist
in
the
arri
val
and
depa
rtur
e ha
lls
of t
hena
tion
al a
irpo
rtth
e di
spla
ys i
n th
e ai
rpor
t ar
e no
tw
ell
plac
ed a
nd n
ot g
eare
d at
info
rmin
g th
e vi
sito
r w
here
to
go a
nd g
et f
urth
er i
nfor
mat
ion
cont
inue
and
im
prov
e th
e cu
rren
tpr
ogra
mm
e of
pub
lic
disp
lays
in
the
airp
ort
by a
ddin
g di
spla
ys i
n th
epu
blic
dep
artu
re a
rea
(gea
red
atS
olom
on I
slan
ds r
esid
ents
)a a
nd i
nth
e ar
riva
l ha
ll/b
agga
ge r
ecep
tion
area
(ge
ared
at
inco
min
g ov
erse
asto
uris
ts a
nd r
etur
ning
loc
alre
side
nts)
.co
nsid
er t
he i
ntro
duct
ion
of p
re m
ain
feat
ures
fil
m s
cree
ning
s of
educ
atio
nal
film
s in
cin
emas
lack
of
fund
ing;
lack
of
care
tak
en t
o lo
okaf
ter
the
disp
lays
(by
its
natu
re i
t is
a 'r
ough
-and
-tu
mbl
e' a
rea)
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
10.
Rol
e of
for
mal
Ed-
ucat
ion
syst
emte
achi
ng K
usto
m i
s se
en a
s th
epr
erog
ativ
e (a
nd d
uty)
of
the
fam
ily/
clan
. T
he f
orm
al e
d-uc
atio
n sy
stem
is
perc
eive
d to
be d
iffe
rent
sho
uld
play
no
role
in t
each
ing
Kus
tom
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
11.
Tar
gete
d ed
ucat
ion
of i
mpa
ct g
ener
ator
s(d
evel
oper
s, l
ogge
rs,
buil
ders
etc
.)
Und
er p
rovi
ncia
l le
gisl
atio
n ar
-ch
aeol
ogic
al s
urve
ys m
ay b
em
anda
ted
for
Env
iron
men
tal
Impa
ctA
sses
smen
ts,
(eg.
Isa
bel
Pro
vinc
e,w
hich
req
uire
d a
logg
ing
com
pany
inte
r al
ia c
ondu
ct a
n aw
aren
ess
trai
ning
for
the
log
ging
com
pany
staf
f
the
publ
ic e
duca
tion
/aw
aren
ess
cam
paig
ns a
re n
ot f
orm
alis
ed;
no p
roac
tive
str
ateg
y to
edu
cate
deve
lope
rs a
nd c
ontr
acto
rs
deve
lop
a pu
blic
edu
cati
on s
trat
egy
toin
form
and
edu
cate
dev
elop
ers
asw
ell
as e
xecu
ting
con
trac
tors
on
the
impo
rtan
ce o
f cu
ltur
al h
erit
age
and
the
lega
l re
quir
emen
ts.
Thi
s w
ould
ens
ure
that
no
one
can
clai
m i
gnor
ance
in
cour
t
lim
itat
ions
of
fund
ing;
lim
itat
ions
of
poli
tica
l w
ill
to e
nfor
ce s
uch
a tr
aini
ng
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
12 Y
outh
pro
gram
mes
Dir
ecto
r of
the
CD
C r
ecom
men
ded
that
sch
ool
leav
ers
and
the
un-
empl
oyed
you
th b
e ta
rget
ed f
ored
ucat
ion
prog
ram
s pr
omot
ing
cul-
ture
a su
cces
sful
cul
tura
l to
uris
m p
roje
ct i
sth
e N
aras
irat
o pi
pers
a g
roup
of
form
erly
une
mpl
oyed
you
th b
ased
in
Hon
iara
, bu
t or
igin
ally
fro
mM
alai
ta.
via
reju
vena
tion
of
Kus
tom
the
grou
p ca
ters
to
the
tour
ism
mar
ket
both
loc
ally
and
in-
tern
atio
nall
y
lack
of
curr
ent
prog
ram
mes
;la
ck o
f in
tere
st (
not
yet
whe
tted
)W
ith
the
incr
ease
esp
ecia
lly
of u
n-em
ploy
ed u
rban
you
th w
ith
no d
irec
tac
cess
to
cust
omar
y la
nd f
orag
ricu
ltur
e, o
r an
y tr
adit
iona
l sk
ills
to e
arn
them
a l
ivin
g, t
he o
ffer
ing
of t
rain
ing
in t
hese
are
as m
ay s
olve
mor
e th
an o
ne i
ssue
The
ava
ilab
ilit
y of
oth
er y
outh
pro
-gr
ams
such
as
the
Com
mon
wea
lth
You
th P
rogr
am,
may
off
er s
ome
oppo
rtun
itie
s to
pro
mot
e cu
ltur
alst
udie
s on
a c
omm
unit
y ba
sis
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
13 P
ubli
c le
ctur
e se
ries
publ
ic l
ectu
re s
erie
s is
not
apr
iori
ty g
iven
the
lim
ited
aud
i-en
ce w
hich
wou
ld b
e at
trac
ted
tosu
ch a
med
ium
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 4
0 —
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
14 P
riva
te S
ecto
rT
he C
entr
al B
ank
of t
he S
olom
onIs
land
s ha
s a
topi
cal
disp
lay
on t
heva
riou
s fo
rms
of c
urre
ncy
curr
entl
yan
d pr
evio
usly
in
use
in t
heS
olom
on I
slan
ds.
The
dis
play
is
base
d in
the
cen
tral
cus
tom
er h
all
ofth
e ba
nkT
he b
ank
also
use
s tr
adit
iona
l cu
r-re
ncy
in i
ts a
dver
tisi
ng c
ampa
ign
The
tex
tual
and
con
text
ual
in-
terp
reta
tion
is
min
imal
Impr
ove
the
text
ual
and
cont
extu
alin
terp
reta
tion
of
the
disp
lay.
Pro
mot
e th
e id
ea o
f th
e pr
ivat
e se
ctor
deve
lopi
ng t
opic
al d
ispl
ays
germ
ane
to t
heir
lin
e of
bus
ines
s
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
1. T
ouri
sm P
olic
ycu
ltur
e sh
ould
not
be
com
mer
cial
ised
to t
he e
xten
t w
here
it
just
bec
ame
apr
oduc
t to
sel
l
the
nati
onal
tou
rism
pol
icy
is n
otap
prop
riat
est
reng
then
the
her
itag
e/K
usto
mco
mpo
nent
in
the
nati
onal
tou
rism
stra
tegy
bot
h on
the
nat
iona
l an
dth
e pr
ovin
cial
lev
els
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
2. T
ouri
sm P
lann
ing
tour
ism
pla
nnin
g is
con
duct
ed o
n a
nati
onal
lev
el a
s w
ell
as b
y so
me
ofth
e pr
ovin
ces
coor
dina
te t
he t
ouri
sm p
lann
ing
effo
rts
to a
llow
pro
vinc
es a
ndth
e na
tion
al e
stab
lish
men
t to
draw
on
each
oth
er's
ski
ll b
ase
and
expe
rtis
e3.
3. T
ouri
sm3.
3.3.
Mar
keti
ngex
iste
nce
of a
spe
cial
ised
bra
nch
ofw
ar t
ouri
sm,
focu
ssin
g on
the
sit
esof
the
bat
tle
for
Gua
dalc
anal
for
bot
hse
lf-g
uide
d to
urs
and
orga
nise
d to
urs
a su
cces
sful
cul
tura
l to
uris
m p
roje
ct i
sth
e N
aras
irat
o pi
pers
via
reju
vena
tion
of
Kus
tom
the
gro
upca
ters
to
the
tour
ism
mar
ket
both
loca
lly
and
inte
rnat
iona
lly
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
4. S
take
hold
er c
on-
sult
atio
nli
mit
ed s
take
hold
er c
onsu
ltat
ion
occu
rs (
only
if
proj
ects
are
to
bede
velo
ped,
no
over
all
dis-
cuss
ion/
poli
cy)
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
5. L
and
owne
r in
-vo
lvem
ent
a nu
mbe
r of
sm
all
scal
e pr
ojec
tscu
ltur
al t
ouri
sm p
roje
cts
are
in o
p-er
atio
n. o
wne
rs a
re e
ncou
rage
d to
buil
d pr
oper
ties
whi
ch r
epli
cate
dtr
adit
iona
l ar
chit
ectu
re w
ith
only
the
mos
t ba
sic
conv
enie
nces
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
6. T
our
guid
ing
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
7. I
mpa
ct a
sses
smen
ts
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 4
1 —
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
8. I
ncom
e op
tion
sH
igh
expe
ndit
ure
eco-
tour
ism
is
run
by a
Sw
iss
grou
p w
hich
fli
es e
co-
tour
ists
int
o H
onia
ra a
nd t
hen
via
Hel
icop
ter
into
a b
ush
cam
p on
an
isla
nd r
enow
n to
be
ultr
a-tr
adit
iona
l.F
rom
the
re c
ultu
ral
and
eco-
tour
s(h
ikin
g) a
re c
arri
ed o
ut
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
4.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
dat
a m
anag
emen
tA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 4
2 —
4.1.
Lan
d M
anag
e-m
ent
4.1.
1. S
ensi
tivi
ty o
f ac
cess
to l
and/
land
inf
orm
atio
nA
s ge
neal
ogie
s re
pres
ent
the
key
toth
e va
ried
lev
els
of r
ight
s to
lan
d,re
sour
ces
and
prod
uce,
the
re i
s th
efe
ar t
hat
the
info
rmat
ion,
onc
epu
blic
, w
ill
be u
sed
by n
on-
stak
ehol
ders
to
cons
truc
t sp
urio
uscl
aim
s w
hich
may
be
hard
to
refu
te.
4.1.
Lan
d M
anag
e-m
ent
4.1.
2. S
ensi
tivi
ty o
f ac
cess
to t
radi
tion
al s
ites
(&
info
rmat
ion)
too
muc
h (a
nd i
ncre
asin
g) r
e-li
ance
of
lega
l se
ttle
men
t of
land
dis
pute
s
cont
inue
d he
avy
reli
ance
on
the
wes
tern
cou
rt s
yste
m t
oso
lve
trad
itio
nal
land
disp
utes
4.1.
Lan
d M
anag
e-m
ent
4.1.
3. D
atab
asin
g of
gen
-er
al i
nfor
mat
ion
Cus
tom
ary
Lan
ds R
ecor
ding
Act
(han
dled
by
the
Min
istr
y of
Lan
ds)
prov
ides
a b
asis
for
a c
ompr
e-he
nsiv
e su
rvey
and
doc
umen
tati
onof
the
tra
diti
onal
lan
d te
nure
iss
ues
The
pro
vinc
es a
re i
nter
este
d in
the
irow
n cu
stom
ary
land
s re
cord
ing
sche
mes
som
e pr
ovin
ces
(eg
Mal
aita
) ha
ve a
lrea
dy c
ondu
cted
sim
ilar
exe
rcis
es.
It w
as s
tres
sed
that
whi
lst
peop
le w
ere
eage
r an
d w
illi
ng t
o re
cord
lan
d,th
e re
gist
rati
on o
f la
nd w
asco
nsid
ered
the
bas
is o
f po
tent
ial
conf
lict
.
The
re i
s co
nsid
erab
le r
eluc
tanc
eby
the
pro
vinc
es t
o ac
cept
nati
onal
gov
ernm
ent
in-
volv
emen
t in
thi
s m
atte
r, a
s it
is f
eare
d th
at t
he i
nfor
mat
ion
held
wil
l no
t be
kep
t co
nfid
en-
tial
.T
he p
eopl
e in
the
Mal
aita
Pro
vinc
e, w
ho h
ave
reco
rdin
gla
nd o
wne
rshi
p of
cus
tom
ary
land
are
wai
ting
for
Gov
ernm
ent
to e
ndor
se t
heir
wor
k.
4.1.
Lan
d M
anag
e-m
ent
4.1.
4. D
atab
asin
g of
ow
n-er
ship
inf
orm
atio
npr
ovin
ces
are
inte
rest
ed i
n th
eir
own
cust
omar
y la
nds
reco
rdin
g sc
hem
es;
even
tho
ugh
the
staf
fing
pos
itio
nha
s be
en i
dent
ifie
d, n
o qu
alif
ied
nati
onal
cus
tom
ary
land
sre
cord
er i
s av
aila
ble
deve
lopm
ent
of a
com
pute
rise
d si
tesu
rvey
and
inv
ento
ry s
yste
m w
hich
can
be t
ied
into
a l
ands
man
agem
ent
GIS
4.1.
Lan
d M
anag
e-m
ent
4.1.
5. D
atab
asin
g of
cul
-tu
ral
land
scap
e in
form
a-ti
on
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.1.
Str
uctu
re o
f re
gist
ersy
stem
sT
he s
ite
regi
ster
for
the
Sol
omon
s is
kept
as
a se
t of
ind
ex c
ard
file
sA
Jap
anes
e V
olun
teer
wor
ks w
ith
the
arch
aeol
ogy
sect
ion.
(Som
e of
) th
e fi
eld
note
s ar
e ke
ptin
Jap
anes
e la
ngua
ge,
mak
ing
thei
r us
e re
stri
cted
.4.
2. H
erit
age
Sit
eIn
vent
ory
4.2.
2. S
pati
al c
over
age
ofre
gist
er s
yste
ms
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.3.
Rec
urre
nt v
erif
ica-
tion
of
info
rmat
ion
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
4.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
dat
a m
anag
emen
tA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 4
3 —
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.4.
Nat
iona
l S
urve
yP
rogr
amm
eN
atio
nal
Sur
vey
Pro
gram
me
is c
arri
edou
t by
the
Arc
haeo
logy
Dep
artm
ent
of t
he N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
The
Nat
iona
l S
ite
Sur
vey
of A
r-ch
aeol
ogic
al S
ites
is
a le
ngth
ypr
oces
s co
mpo
unde
d by
lim
ited
staf
fing
Impr
ove
staf
fing
for
the
Nat
iona
l S
ite
Sur
vey
Est
abli
sh a
for
mal
Nat
iona
l S
urve
yL
ocal
Vol
unte
er P
rogr
am s
imil
ar t
oV
anua
tu
lack
of
fund
ing;
conf
lict
bet
wee
n na
tion
algo
vern
men
t an
d pr
ovin
cial
gove
rnm
ents
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.5.
P
rovi
ncia
l/D
istr
ict
Sur
vey
Pro
gram
me
A p
rovi
ncia
l-ba
sed
fiel
dwor
ker
pro-
gram
is
carr
ied
out
thro
ugh
loca
lin
itia
tive
s
no c
entr
alis
ed a
nd p
lann
ed a
p-pr
oach
see
ms
to b
e un
dert
aken
cove
rage
of
the
prog
ram
is
not
nati
on-w
ide
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.5.
P
rovi
ncia
l/D
istr
ict
Sur
vey
Pro
gram
me
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
1. A
rchi
val
man
age-
men
t of
dat
a
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
1. H
erit
age
Rec
ords
man
agem
ent.
exis
ting
Nat
iona
l A
rchi
ves
even
tho
ugh
the
staf
fing
pos
itio
nha
s be
en i
dent
ifie
d, n
o qu
alif
ied
arch
ivis
t is
ava
ilab
le
Unc
erta
inty
ove
r m
inis
teri
al'o
wne
rshi
p' o
f N
atio
nal
Arc
hive
s
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
2. A
utom
atis
atio
nS
ite
data
base
in
plac
e (i
n pa
rt)
the
com
pute
r of
the
arc
haeo
logy
sect
ion
is o
utda
ted
and
has,
part
iall
y, b
roke
n do
wn;
Mos
t of
the
sit
e re
gist
er f
or t
heS
olom
on I
slan
ds i
s ke
pt a
s a
set
of i
ndex
car
d fi
les
deve
lopm
ent
of a
com
pute
rise
d si
tesu
rvey
and
inv
ento
ry s
yste
m w
hich
can
be t
ied
into
a l
ands
man
agem
ent
GIS
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
3. T
radi
tion
al r
ecor
dsm
anag
emen
t.pr
ovin
ces
are
inte
rest
ed i
n th
eir
own
cust
omar
y la
nds
reco
rdin
g sc
hem
es;
Aud
io-v
isua
l de
part
men
t of
the
na-
tion
al m
useu
m w
hich
rec
ords
ora
ltr
adit
ions
, da
nce
and
perf
orm
ance
thro
ugho
ut t
he p
rovi
nces
;et
hnog
raph
ic D
epar
tmen
t of
the
na-
tion
al m
useu
m i
s in
volv
ed i
n th
eco
mpu
teri
sati
on o
f co
llec
tion
sre
cord
s
vari
ous
com
pute
r ty
pes
are
used
and
com
pati
bili
ty o
f si
te a
ndco
llec
tion
s da
ta n
ot g
iven
deve
lopm
ent
of a
com
pute
rise
d si
tesu
rvey
and
inv
ento
ry s
yste
m w
hich
can
be t
ied
into
a l
ands
man
agem
ent
GIS
relu
ctan
ce o
f th
e pr
ovin
ces
to a
ccep
t na
tion
algo
vern
men
t in
volv
emen
t
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
4. M
useu
ms/
cult
ural
cent
res
coll
ecti
on m
an-
agem
ent
exis
ting
mus
eum
wit
h ex
hibi
tion
gall
ery,
arc
haeo
logy
, et
hnog
raph
y,co
nser
vati
on a
nd a
udio
-vis
ual
sect
ions
good
col
lect
ion
of m
ater
ial
The
MA
BO
Pro
ject
, rec
ordi
ng o
ral
trad
itio
ns,
mus
ic,
and
danc
e, w
asor
igin
ally
fun
ded
by J
ICA
, in
clud
ing
the
prov
isio
n of
equ
ipm
ent
and
tech
nica
l sk
ills
.
the
mus
eum
exh
ibit
ion
gall
ery
issu
ffer
ing
from
int
erm
itte
nt f
ail-
ure
of a
ir-c
ondi
tion
ing
the
disp
lays
are
out
date
d w
ith
item
s m
issi
ng;
and
in n
eed
ofup
grad
ing
The
pro
gram
is
not
yet
com
plet
ebu
t fu
ndin
g by
JIC
A h
as b
een
stop
ped
beca
use
of a
'cha
nge
infu
ndin
g po
licy
'
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
4.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
dat
a m
anag
emen
tA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 4
4 —
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
5. A
cces
s li
mit
atio
ns(s
afeg
uard
s)
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
6. O
ral
His
tory
& P
er-
form
ance
Doc
umen
tati
onw
ell
equi
pped
vid
eo e
diti
ng s
tudi
o in
the
nati
onal
mus
eum
the
AV
stu
dio
uses
thr
ee f
orm
ats,
Bet
acam
, HI8
and
Um
ax,
requ
irin
g to
sto
re b
lank
tap
es o
fal
l th
ree
form
ats
and
requ
irin
gth
e m
aint
enan
ce a
ndfu
ncti
onin
g of
all
thr
ee t
ape
mac
hine
s
Sta
ndar
disa
tion
of
tape
med
ia w
ith
dupl
icat
ion
of m
aste
r ta
pes
onst
anda
rd m
ediu
mC
reat
ion
of a
gen
eral
her
itag
e ne
ws
serv
ice
for
the
gene
ral
publ
ic (
prin
tm
edia
and
vid
eo)
cost
s in
volv
ed i
n ac
quir
ing
rele
vant
num
ber
of t
apes
loss
of
data
qua
lity
dur
ing
tran
sfer
lack
of
staf
f ti
me
to c
ondu
ctth
e w
ork
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.1.
Pro
acti
ve P
lann
ing
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.2.
Int
erna
l ca
paci
ties
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.3.
For
eign
res
earc
hin
to t
he c
ount
ry's
her
itag
em
uch
inte
rest
in
rese
arch
ing
Sol
omon
Isla
nds
heri
tage
;he
rita
ge r
esea
rch
appr
oval
pro
-ce
sses
on
hold
pen
ding
pol
itic
alde
cisi
ons
stre
amli
ning
of
the
heri
tage
res
earc
hap
prov
al p
roce
sses
;de
velo
pmen
t of
cou
ntry
pri
orit
ies
toac
hiev
e co
untr
y/ne
ed d
rive
n re
-se
arch
ben
efit
ing
the
Sol
omon
Isla
nds
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.4.
Co-
oper
ativ
eag
reem
ents
no c
o-op
erat
ive
rese
arch
agre
emen
ts w
ith
univ
ersi
ties
or
othe
r he
rita
ge o
rgan
isat
ions
are
in p
lace
deve
lop
poli
cy a
nd o
bjec
tive
s to
enga
ge i
n st
rate
gic
alli
ance
s w
ith
tert
iary
ins
titu
tion
s to
pro
vide
fo-
cuss
ed r
esea
rch
relu
ctan
ce o
f un
iver
siti
es t
oen
ter
into
co-
oper
ativ
eag
reem
ents
wit
h pe
rfor
-m
ance
ind
icat
ors
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.5.
App
rova
l pr
oces
ses
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.6.
Adm
inis
trat
ion
ofon
goin
g pr
ojec
ts4.
4. R
esea
rch
4.4.
7. R
ecor
ds d
epos
itor
y4.
4. R
esea
rch
4.4.
8. A
cces
s to
res
ults
4.5.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Man
agem
ent
4.5.
1. A
cces
s to
kno
wle
dge
4.5.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Man
agem
ent
4.5.
2. O
wne
rshi
p of
sit
es
4.5.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Man
agem
ent
4.5.
3. S
igni
fica
nce
eval
u-at
ion
4.5.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Man
agem
ent
4.5.
4. D
evel
opm
ent
of s
ite
man
agem
ent
plan
s4.
5. H
erit
age
Sit
eM
anag
emen
t4.
5.5.
Int
erve
ntiv
e C
on-
serv
atio
n M
easu
res
4.6.
Loc
al C
ontr
ol4.
6.1.
Loc
al c
ontr
ol o
fda
ta/i
nfor
mat
ion
4.6.
Loc
al C
ontr
ol4.
6.2.
Loc
al c
ontr
ol o
f ac
-ce
ss t
o si
tes
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
5.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
infr
astr
uctu
reA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 4
5 —
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
1. C
ore
heri
tage
gov
-er
nmen
t ag
enci
esex
isti
ng s
taff
tra
inin
g in
out
reac
hw
ork
nati
onal
mus
eum
em
ploy
s tw
o ar
-ch
aeol
ogis
ts (
inc
dire
ctor
), a
con
-se
rvat
or a
nd a
n et
hnog
raph
ic c
ol-
lect
ions
spe
cial
ist
Lim
ited
num
ber
of s
taff
;li
mit
ed f
undi
ng;
at p
rese
nt 8
f t
he 1
1 id
enti
fied
staf
f po
siti
ons
f th
e na
tion
alm
useu
m a
re f
illed
esta
blis
h a
com
mun
ity
educ
atio
npr
ogra
mm
eco
mm
unit
y ba
sed
data
col
lect
ion
lim
itat
ions
on
recu
rren
t G
ovt.
fund
ing;
lim
itat
ions
of
trai
ned
staf
f
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
2. N
GO
age
ncie
sex
cept
for
the
SID
T n
o tr
aine
d st
aff;
wom
en's
gro
ups
are
very
str
ong
in t
heou
ter
isla
nds
and
prov
ince
sth
ere
is a
dif
fere
nce
betw
een
the
agen
das
of t
he u
rban
wom
en a
s-so
ciat
ions
(w
hose
wes
tern
-edu
cate
dle
ader
s al
so d
omin
ate
the
nati
onal
agen
da)
and
the
rura
l as
soci
atio
ns
SID
T s
taff
tra
ined
in
envi
ron-
men
tal
issu
es w
ith
litt
le/n
ohe
rita
ge t
rain
ing
apar
t fr
omin
divi
dual
tra
diti
onal
Kus
tom
educ
atio
n by
par
ents
deve
lop
a fo
rmal
rel
atio
nshi
p be
-tw
een
NG
Os
and
Gov
t age
ncie
s fo
rex
chan
ge o
f tr
aini
ng a
nd s
kill
s
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
3. P
erip
hera
l he
rita
gego
vern
men
t ag
enci
esW
hils
t th
ere
is a
n es
tabl
ishm
ent
for
the
posi
tion
of
Nat
iona
lA
rchi
vist
, th
e po
siti
on i
s no
tye
t fi
lled
.
The
aim
for
199
6 is
to
iden
tify
asu
itab
le c
andi
date
and
to
ensu
re t
hat
this
per
son
rece
ives
app
ropr
iate
trai
ning
.5.
1. E
xten
t of
ski
llba
se5.
1.4.
Pri
vate
Sec
tor
ther
e is
tra
ined
eth
nolo
gist
wor
king
for
the
Nat
iona
l B
ank
of t
he S
olom
on I
slan
ds w
hoco
uld
not
find
wor
k w
ith
the
mus
eum
.5.
1. E
xten
t of
ski
llba
se5.
1.5.
Int
erna
tion
al V
olun
-te
er B
ase
The
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m h
as a
ove
rsea
svo
lunt
eer
wor
king
as
anar
chae
olog
ist
The
Cur
ricu
lum
Dev
elop
men
t C
entr
edr
aws
on t
he s
ervi
ces
of a
Can
adia
nV
olun
teer
wor
king
of
cult
ural
mat
eria
l (w
ith
SIC
HE
)
heav
y re
lian
ce o
f vo
lunt
eer
base
to s
olve
dai
ly i
ssue
s, r
athe
r th
anse
eing
it
as a
tra
inin
g is
sue;
the
depa
rtur
e of
vol
unte
ers
coul
dje
opar
dise
the
who
le o
pera
tion
sof
the
par
ticu
lar
sect
ion
impr
ove
the
staf
f de
velo
pmen
t of
the
mus
eum
wit
h th
e ai
m t
o en
sure
tha
tvo
lunt
eers
do
not
beco
me
ape
rman
ent
prop
for
lac
king
sta
ff
fund
ing
lim
itat
ions
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
6. L
ocal
Vol
unte
erB
ase
som
e lo
cal
com
mun
itie
s ar
e in
tere
sted
in K
usto
m m
anag
emen
t an
dco
oper
ate
wit
h th
e m
useu
m
over
all
volu
ntee
r ba
se i
s la
ckin
gim
prov
e th
e lo
cal
volu
ntee
r ba
se
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
7. T
rain
ing
agen
das
visu
al a
rts
sect
ion
is f
ully
tra
ined
and
equi
pped
in t
he n
atio
nal
mus
eum
tra
inin
gne
eds
exis
t in
the
fie
lds
of:
• ar
chae
olog
y;•
cons
erva
tion
;•
ethn
ogra
phy;
• co
mm
unit
y ou
trea
ch
deve
lop
a fu
ll s
taff
tra
inin
g an
d de
-ve
lopm
ent
plan
for
the
nat
iona
lm
useu
m a
nd e
nsur
e th
e tr
aini
ng o
f at
leas
t on
e st
aff
mem
ber
in:
ar-
chae
olog
y; c
onse
rvat
ion;
eth
nog-
raph
y; a
nd c
omm
unit
y ou
trea
ch
lack
of
fund
ing
for
em-
ploy
men
t of
tra
ined
sta
ffla
ck o
f fu
ndin
g to
tra
in s
taff
(sti
pend
s)
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
5.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
infr
astr
uctu
reA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 4
6 —
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
1. E
xhib
itio
n B
uild
ing
The
mus
eum
exh
ibit
ion
gall
ery
issu
ffer
ing
from
int
erm
itte
ntfa
ilur
e of
air
-con
diti
onin
gth
e ex
hibi
tion
in
the
mus
eum
is
in u
rgen
t ne
ed o
f an
int
erpr
e-ta
tive
upd
ate
ensu
re t
hat
the
clim
ate
cont
rol
in t
hebu
ildi
ng i
s st
able
;de
velo
p an
int
erpr
etat
ion
plan
for
the
mus
eum
and
con
stru
ct n
ew f
lexi
ble
disp
lays
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
2. A
dmin
istr
atio
n5.
2. B
uild
ings
/Pla
nt5.
2.3.
Col
lect
ion
Sto
rage
The
nat
iona
l m
useu
m h
as a
n ad
equa
te,
if c
row
ded
coll
ecti
ons
stor
age;
plan
s ar
e in
han
d to
exp
and
the
col-
lect
ion
stor
age
area
the
stor
age
area
has
no
room
for
expa
nsio
nco
nstr
uct
a ne
w c
olle
ctio
ns s
tora
gear
ea/b
uild
ing
lack
of
fund
ing;
unce
rtai
nty
of p
ower
sup
-pl
ies
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
4. P
rofe
ssio
nal
Lib
rary
Min
imal
pro
fess
iona
l li
brar
yIn
acce
ssib
le a
t th
e ti
me
of v
isit
,
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
5. T
reat
men
t L
abor
a-to
ryT
he n
atio
nal
mus
eum
has
a s
mal
ltr
eatm
ent
labo
rato
ryin
suff
icie
nt s
pace
and
ins
uffi
cien
tcl
imat
e co
ntro
lled
env
i-ro
nmen
ts
deve
lop
mod
ern
trea
tmen
t fa
cili
ty
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
6. P
erfo
rman
ce F
acil
ity
The
Mus
eum
has
a 'c
ultu
ral c
entr
e'co
mpo
nent
, ho
ldin
g ei
ght
Kus
tom
hous
es f
rom
the
dif
fere
nt p
rovi
nces
.T
his
area
is u
sed
as a
per
form
ance
venu
e.5.
2. B
uild
ings
/Pla
nt5.
2.7.
Pub
lic
Lib
rary
The
Nat
iona
l L
ibra
ry (
part
of
Min
-is
try
for
Edu
cati
on)
has
the
deve
l-op
men
t of
new
fac
ilit
ies
is i
dent
ifie
das
a p
rior
ity
on t
he 1
995-
98de
velo
pmen
t pl
an5.
2. B
uild
ings
/Pla
nt5.
2.8.
(M
useu
m)
Sho
pT
he N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
ope
rate
s a
hand
icra
ft s
hop
5.3.
Equ
ipm
ent
5.3.
1. S
atur
atio
n w
ith
com
pute
rsM
ost
depa
rtm
ents
hav
e ac
cess
to
one
or m
ore
com
pute
rs o
f va
riou
svi
ntag
es
No
syst
emat
ic a
ppro
ach
togo
vern
men
t -w
ide
info
rmat
ion
tech
nolo
gy s
trat
egy,
wit
hva
riou
s co
mpu
ter
type
s an
dpr
ogra
mm
es e
xist
ing.
Lac
k of
com
pati
bili
ty b
etw
een
depa
rtm
ents
/age
ncie
sva
riou
s co
mpu
ter
type
s ar
e us
edin
the
nat
iona
l m
useu
m a
ndco
mpa
tibi
lity
of
site
and
coll
ecti
ons
data
not
giv
en
Dev
elop
(fo
r th
e he
rita
ge m
anag
e-m
ent
agen
cies
) an
inf
orm
atio
nte
chno
logy
str
ateg
y w
hich
all
ows
to c
onso
lida
te t
he e
xist
ing
data
and
perm
its
inte
rcha
nge
of e
quip
men
tan
d ex
chan
ge o
f da
ta
lim
ited
fun
ds to
acq
uire
ala
rge
num
ber
of n
ew c
om-
pute
rs;
piec
e-m
eal m
ode
of a
cqui
-si
tion
lik
ely
to c
onti
nue
5.3.
Equ
ipm
ent
5.3.
2. O
ffic
e eq
uipm
ent
the
mus
eum
nee
ds a
new
set
of
com
pute
rs b
oth
for
data
basi
ngan
d fo
r ge
nera
l m
anag
emen
t of
offi
ce t
asks
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
5.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
infr
astr
uctu
reA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 4
7 —
5.3.
Equ
ipm
ent
5.3.
3. R
ecor
ding
/edi
ting
Sui
teT
he n
atio
nal
mus
eum
ow
ns t
he b
est
edit
ing
suit
e in
Hon
iara
due
to
aid
fund
s.5.
3. E
quip
men
t5.
3.4.
P
hoto
prod
ucti
on/D
arkr
oom
5.4.
Ope
rati
ons
5.4.
1. O
pera
tion
al c
on-
stra
ints
5.4.
Ope
rati
ons
5.4.
2. M
obil
ity
of s
taff
(att
itud
es)
5.4.
Ope
rati
ons
5.4.
3. M
obil
ity
of s
taff
(veh
icle
s et
c.)
5.5.
Com
mun
ica-
tio
ns
5.5.
1. P
olic
y
5.5.
Com
mun
ica-
tio
ns
5.5.
2. F
ield
wor
ker
com
-m
unic
atio
ns5.
5. C
omm
unic
a-ti
on
s5.
5.3.
Acc
ess
to t
he I
n-te
rnet
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
— 4
8 —
Van
uatu
1. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge m
anif
esta
tions
Cat
egor
yIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts1.
1. I
mm
ovab
le C
ul-
tura
l H
erit
age
1.1.
1. A
rcha
eolo
gya
viab
le a
rcha
eolo
gy p
rogr
am w
ith
subs
tant
ial
expe
rtis
e ex
ists
(VC
HSS
);su
bsta
ntia
l lo
cal
supp
ort
thro
ugh
the
Van
uatu
fie
ldw
orke
r pr
ogra
m
som
e of
the
sit
es,
such
as
Roi
Mat
a's
buri
al p
lace
are
ver
y im
port
ant
tom
any
peop
le,
both
cul
tura
lly
inge
nera
l an
d be
caus
e of
spe
cifi
ctr
adit
iona
l as
soci
atio
ns
the
arch
aeol
ogy
prog
ram
is
lim
-it
ed b
y fu
ndin
g pr
oble
ms
som
e of
the
arc
haeo
logi
cal
site
sha
ve n
o fi
rm i
dent
ity
wit
h th
epe
ople
tod
ay a
nd t
hus
are
not
reco
gnis
ed a
s be
ing
impo
rtan
tth
e R
oi M
ata
issu
e ha
s be
com
eve
ry p
olit
icis
ed a
nd r
epre
sent
s an
exam
ple
of t
he i
nher
ent
dang
ers
of c
ultu
ral
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
in t
he m
oder
n w
orld
cont
inue
the
VC
HS
S s
urve
ypr
ogra
mm
e by
fun
ding
tar
gete
dsu
rvey
s to
wid
en t
he s
urve
yco
vera
ge t
o en
sure
tha
t al
l ar
eas
wit
h lo
cal
fiel
dwor
kers
hav
e ha
da
surv
ey p
roje
ct e
xecu
ted
1.1.
Im
mov
able
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
1.2.
His
tori
c si
tes
a vi
able
arc
haeo
logy
pro
gram
wit
hsu
bsta
ntia
l ex
pert
ise
exis
ts(V
CH
SS);
Eur
opea
n hi
stor
ic s
ites
hav
e no
tbe
en d
eem
ed o
f si
gnif
ican
tin
tere
st t
o be
rec
orde
d on
asy
stem
atic
bas
is
cont
inue
the
VC
HS
S s
urve
ypr
ogra
mm
e by
fun
ding
tar
gete
dsu
rvey
s to
wid
en t
he s
urve
yco
vera
ge t
o en
sure
tha
t hi
stor
icsi
tes
are
incl
uded
1.1.
Im
mov
able
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
1.3.
Set
tlem
ent
patt
erns
and
vill
age
lay-
out
a vi
able
arc
haeo
logy
pro
gram
wit
hsu
bsta
ntia
l ex
pert
ise
exis
ts(V
CH
SS);
Set
tlem
ent
patt
erns
and
vil
lage
lay-
out
hist
oric
sit
es h
ave
not
been
dee
med
of
sign
ific
ant
inte
rest
to
be r
ecor
ded
on a
syst
emat
ic b
asis
cont
inue
the
VC
HS
S s
urve
ypr
ogra
mm
e by
fun
ding
tar
gete
dsu
rvey
s to
wid
en t
he s
urve
yco
vera
ge t
o en
sure
tha
t hi
stor
icsi
tes
are
incl
uded
1.2.
Mov
eabl
e C
ul-
tura
l H
erit
age
1.2.
1. M
ater
ial
cul-
ture
/cra
fts
Lar
gely
, th
e m
oder
n ha
ndic
raft
indu
stry
fol
low
s tr
adit
iona
lcu
stom
ary
skil
l co
ntro
ls
Rec
ent
intr
oduc
tion
s of
woo
dca
rvin
g as
an
art
form
, an
d th
ead
apta
tion
of
trad
itio
nal
mot
ifs
and
imag
es i
nto
mod
ern
con-
cept
s, s
uch
as b
ook
ends
, ha
vedr
awn
seve
re c
riti
cism
fro
mtr
adit
iona
l ch
iefs
. T
he m
atte
r is
not
help
ed b
y th
e fa
ct t
hat
som
eof
the
car
vers
are
app
aren
tly
not
qual
ifie
d or
per
mit
ted
acco
rdin
gto
Kus
tom
, to
car
ve r
endi
tion
s or
vari
atio
ns o
f th
ese
imag
es.
The
iss
ue a
ppea
rs t
o be
com
-po
unde
d fu
rthe
r by
the
pro
mi-
nenc
e th
e ne
w h
andi
craf
t ha
sbe
en g
iven
by
virt
ue o
f an
ex-
hibi
tion
in
the
Fre
nch
cult
ural
cent
re
Con
side
r de
velo
ping
tra
diti
onal
educ
atio
n ce
ntre
s an
d co
pyri
ght
/int
elle
ctua
l pr
oper
ty r
ight
ssa
fegu
ards
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
1. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge m
anif
esta
tions
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 4
9 —
1.2.
Mov
eabl
e C
ul-
tura
l H
erit
age
1.2.
2. H
isto
ric
mat
eria
lso
me
hist
oric
pla
nter
s ho
mes
exi
st;
a ge
nera
l su
rvey
of
thes
e si
tes
has
been
con
duct
ed a
nd g
uide
line
s ha
vebe
en d
raw
n up
to
asse
ss t
heir
sign
ific
ance
litt
le w
ork
has
been
con
duct
ed o
nW
WII
sit
es.
The
50t
h an
-ni
vers
ary
of t
he e
nd o
f th
e w
ar i
nth
e P
acif
ic h
as b
een
mis
sed
as a
nop
port
unit
y to
att
ract
out
side
fund
ing
(fro
m n
on-t
radi
tion
alfu
ndin
g so
urce
s) t
o as
sess
and
eval
uate
the
rem
aini
ng s
ites
use
Van
uatu
as
the
loca
tion
for
aW
WII
sit
e su
rvey
and
sit
em
anag
emen
t tr
aini
ng w
orks
hop
thus
pro
vidi
ng s
ome
lim
ited
sit
edo
cum
enta
tion
of
WW
II s
ites
cont
inue
d de
cay
and
negl
ect
ofth
ese
site
s w
ill
resu
lt i
n lo
ssof
phy
sica
l fa
bric
and
dea
th o
fpa
rtic
ipan
ts w
ill
prev
ent
apr
oper
sig
nifi
canc
eas
sess
men
t of
the
res
ourc
esan
d a
mea
ning
ful
docu
men
tati
on1.
2. M
ovea
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
2.3.
Arc
hiva
l do
cum
ents
an a
rchi
ves
depa
rtm
ent
is i
nex
iste
nce
the
arch
ives
dep
artm
ent
seem
s to
cond
uct
its
wor
k se
para
te f
rom
the
Van
uatu
cul
tura
l ce
ntre
impr
ove
co-o
pera
tion
bet
wee
n th
ear
chiv
es d
epar
tmen
t an
d th
eV
anua
tu c
ultu
ral c
entr
e1.
3. I
ntan
gibl
e C
ul-
tura
l H
erit
age
1.3.
1. L
and
tenu
re
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.2.
Gen
ealo
gies
The
fie
ld w
orke
rs h
ave
been
tra
ined
in
gene
alog
y co
llec
tion
and
are
enga
ged
in t
he d
ocum
enta
tion
;su
bsta
ntia
l in
tere
st i
n th
is i
ssue
by
the
loca
l co
mm
unit
ies
fund
an
inte
grat
ed a
rcha
eolo
gica
lsu
rvey
and
gen
ealo
gy c
olle
ctio
non
sel
ecte
d is
land
s/ar
eas
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.3.
Lin
guis
tics
over
100
ver
nacu
lar
lang
uage
s ex
ist
in V
anua
tua
stro
ng l
ink
betw
een
cult
ure
and
lang
uage
s st
ill
exis
ts i
n th
epr
ovin
ces
for
som
e ch
ildr
en i
n P
ort
Vil
aB
isla
ma
has
beco
me
the
firs
tla
ngua
ge t
o be
lea
rnt;
vern
acul
ar,
loca
l la
ngua
ges
are
not
bein
g ta
ught
at
scho
ol,
thus
unde
rmin
ing
the
abil
ity
to e
f-fe
ctiv
ely
and
appr
opri
atel
ytr
ansm
itti
ng K
usto
m t
o th
e ne
xtge
nera
tion
trad
itio
nal
lang
uage
s ar
e gr
adua
lly
beco
min
g th
reat
ened
eve
n in
prov
ince
s
stre
ngth
en v
erna
cula
r la
ngua
geca
pabi
lity
by
inco
rpor
atin
gve
rnac
ular
lan
guag
e ed
ucat
ion
inth
e pr
imar
y sc
hool
cur
ricu
lum
deva
luat
ion
of v
erna
cula
r la
n-gu
age
in s
choo
ls a
nd a
n in
-cr
ease
d ur
bani
sati
on w
ill
re-
sult
in
an u
pcom
ing
gene
ra-
tion
of
peop
le (
and
thus
de-
cisi
on m
aker
s) w
ho o
nly
had
Bis
lam
a as
the
ir f
irst
lan
guag
e
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.4.
Ora
l tr
adit
ions
exis
tenc
e of
a v
iabl
e an
d vi
bran
tin
tang
ible
cul
tura
l he
rita
ge;
docu
men
tati
on a
nd a
ctiv
e te
achi
ng o
fth
is h
erit
age
occu
rs /
is
plan
ned
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.5.
Per
form
ance
tra
di-
tio
ns
exis
tenc
e of
a v
iabl
e an
d vi
bran
tin
tang
ible
cul
tura
l he
rita
ge;
docu
men
tati
on a
nd a
ctiv
e te
achi
ng o
fth
is h
erit
age
occu
rs /
is
plan
ned
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
1. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge m
anif
esta
tions
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 5
0 —
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.6.
Mus
ic
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.7.
Tra
diti
onal
obl
iga-
tion
s/ex
chan
ge s
yste
ms
a vi
bran
t sy
stem
of
exch
ange
exi
sted
the
crea
tion
of
nati
on s
tate
s ha
sli
mit
ed t
hese
act
ivit
ies
docu
men
t th
e ex
tent
and
ope
rati
onof
for
mer
tra
diti
onal
exc
hang
esy
stem
s an
d ro
utes
whi
le t
hem
emor
y is
sti
ll a
live
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.8.
Tra
diti
onal
pol
itic
alsy
stem
s(h
iera
rchi
es/c
hief
lyst
ruct
ures
etc
..)
exis
tenc
e of
a v
ibra
nt t
radi
tion
alex
chan
ge s
yste
m w
hich
is
wel
l en
-tr
ench
ed a
t th
e lo
cal
leve
l (o
utsi
deP
ort
Vil
a)
thes
e tr
adit
ions
are
com
ing
unde
rpr
essu
re i
n th
e ur
ban
area
s, w
ith
adi
ffer
ent
valu
e sy
stem
bei
ngde
velo
ped
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.9.
Tra
diti
onal
ski
lls
and
know
ledg
esu
bsta
ntia
l kn
owle
dge
exis
ts i
n th
ecu
rren
t po
pula
tion
exec
ute
a do
cum
enta
tion
pro
ject
gear
ed a
t se
lect
ive
revi
val
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
2. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge p
olic
y an
d pl
anni
ngA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 5
1 —
2.1.
Her
itag
e P
olic
y2.
1.1.
Att
itud
e to
Pol
icy
the
need
for
an
over
arch
ing
nati
onal
cult
ural
pol
icy
has
been
rec
ogni
sed
by t
he D
epar
tmen
t of
Cul
ture
as
wel
las
the
cul
tura
l ce
ntre
ther
e is
an
over
all
posi
tive
att
itud
e to
cons
ult
on a
nd t
o fo
rmul
ate
a cu
ltur
alpo
licy
whi
ch w
ould
cut
acr
oss
depa
rtm
ents
nati
onal
pol
icie
s ha
ve a
dur
able
lif
e,ev
en i
f th
e go
vern
men
t ch
ange
s
the
appr
oach
es t
o de
fini
ng p
olic
yar
e, a
t pr
esen
t, po
orly
co
-or
dina
ted
and
on o
ccas
ion
haph
azar
d
stre
ngth
en t
he c
apab
ilit
y of
the
vari
ous
depa
rtm
ents
and
age
ncie
sto
for
mul
ate
and
impl
emen
tpo
licy
sta
tem
ents
inte
rage
ncy
riva
lry
mig
ht l
imit
the
use
of a
n ov
erar
chin
gpo
licy
as
it m
ay b
ein
terp
rete
d to
thr
eate
n li
nem
inis
try
auto
nom
y an
dau
thor
ity
2.1.
Her
itag
e P
olic
y2.
1.2.
Nat
iona
l H
erit
age
Pol
icy
cons
ider
atio
ns f
or t
he p
aram
eter
s an
dna
ture
of
a na
tion
al c
ultu
ral
poli
cyha
ve b
egun
the
cult
ural
cou
ncil
con
trol
ling
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
as a
sta
tuto
ry a
u-th
orit
y is
wel
l pl
aced
to
deve
lop
cult
ural
pol
icy
no n
atio
nal
cult
ural
pol
icy
inpl
ace
conv
ene
a (m
oder
ated
?) N
atio
nal
Cul
tura
l C
onve
ntio
n to
dis
cuss
and
deve
lop
a na
tion
al c
ultu
ral
poli
cyth
e ne
w c
ultu
ral
poli
cy n
eeds
to
faci
lita
te c
ultu
ral
tour
ism
to
gen-
erat
e in
com
e w
hile
at
the
sam
e ti
me
ensu
ring
cul
tura
l se
crec
y an
dpr
ivac
y
gove
rnm
ent
may
per
ceiv
esu
ch a
con
vent
ion
as a
thre
at t
o go
vern
men
t de
-ve
lopm
ent
inte
rest
s
2.1.
Her
itag
e P
olic
y2.
1.3.
Ins
titu
-ti
onal
/Dep
artm
enta
l po
l-ic
y
the
coun
cil
of c
hief
s ha
s a
form
alcu
ltur
al p
olic
y in
pla
ceth
e cu
ltur
al c
entr
e (e
x-V
CH
SS
) ha
spr
oduc
ed a
dra
ft c
ultu
ral p
olic
y fo
rth
e co
nser
vati
on o
f th
e tr
adit
iona
lar
ts a
nd a
rtef
acts
of
Van
uatu
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
has
deve
lope
d a
wor
k pl
an f
or 1
996
whi
ch c
onta
ins
seve
ral
poli
cy-r
elat
ed e
lem
ents
the
nati
onal
tou
rism
mas
ter
plan
prov
ides
for
a c
ultu
ral
poli
cy w
.r.t.
to t
ouri
smth
e M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral
Her
itag
eM
anag
emen
t Id
enti
fica
tion
Stu
dyco
untr
y re
port
is
seen
as
usef
ul t
ool
to t
hink
thr
ough
mat
ters
of
cult
ural
poli
cy a
nd p
lann
ing
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
does
not
hav
ein
pla
ce a
cul
tura
l po
licy
. (d
raft
poli
cy e
xist
s)no
for
mal
pol
icy
of t
he d
epar
t-m
ent
of c
ultu
re i
n pl
ace
revi
ew t
he l
ine
min
istr
y cu
ltur
alpo
licy
aft
er t
he n
atio
nal
cult
ural
conv
enti
on h
as d
raft
ed a
nat
iona
lcu
ltur
al p
olic
y
2.1.
Her
itag
e P
olic
y2.
1.4.
P
rovi
ncia
l/D
istr
ict
Pol
icy
cult
ural
pol
icie
s ha
ve b
een
deve
lope
dfo
r a
num
ber
of p
rovi
nces
not
all
prov
ince
s ha
ve c
ultu
ral
poli
cies
in
plac
eth
ose
poli
cies
in
exis
tenc
e ha
vebe
en d
evel
oped
wit
h li
ttle
con
-su
ltat
ion
wit
h th
e cu
ltur
al c
entr
ecu
ltur
al c
entr
e st
aff
are
unsu
re o
fth
e na
ture
of
the
prov
inci
alcu
ltur
al p
olic
ies
(no
copi
es o
nha
nd)
prov
ide
the
capa
bili
ties
for
the
prov
ince
s to
dev
elop
men
t an
d re
-vi
ew c
ultu
ral
poli
cies
;co
ordi
nate
the
dev
elop
men
t of
suc
hpo
lici
es w
ith
the
(nat
iona
l) c
ultu
ral
cent
re
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
2. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge p
olic
y an
d pl
anni
ngA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 5
2 —
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.1.
App
ropr
iate
ness
vari
ous
law
s ca
n be
dra
wn
to a
ssis
tth
e cu
rren
t he
rita
ge l
egis
lati
on(s
uch
as t
he d
esec
rati
on o
f bu
rial
sac
t)
the
curr
ent
legi
slat
ion
(Pre
serv
atio
nof
sit
es a
nd a
rtef
acts
) w
ill
best
reng
then
ed b
y th
e ne
wE
nvir
onm
ent
Act
(or
igin
al d
raft
1993
) no
w u
nder
(re
-)dr
afti
ng,
whi
ch w
ill
incl
ude
lega
l sa
fegu
ards
to e
nsur
e th
at a
n A
IS i
s co
nduc
ted
aspa
rt o
f th
e E
IS p
roce
ss.
the
appl
icat
ion
of p
erip
hera
lle
gisl
atio
n w
ill
alw
ays
depe
ndon
the
sym
path
etic
int
erpr
eta-
tion
of
the
prov
isio
ns a
nd i
nten
tof
the
se a
cts
by t
he p
resi
ding
judg
e.ne
gati
ve f
indi
ngs
can
be a
rgue
d to
hold
pre
cede
nt v
alue
, th
usim
pedi
ng f
utur
e us
e of
the
se a
cts
ther
e is
no
lega
l re
quir
emen
t fo
rpr
e-de
velo
pmen
t ap
prov
alpr
oces
ses
and
surv
eys;
deve
lope
rs,
incl
udin
g ai
d do
nors
,du
ring
the
dur
atio
n of
the
EC
proj
ect
wit
h fr
ee p
re-
deve
lopm
ent
surv
eys,
are
unw
illi
ng t
o pa
y fo
r th
ese
sur-
vey
s.th
ere
is n
o st
anda
rdis
ed f
orm
ula
for
the
calc
ulat
ion
of c
osts
ther
e is
a l
ack
of g
ood
regi
onal
exam
ples
for
env
iron
men
tal
cum
heri
tage
leg
isla
tion
, w
hich
coul
d be
use
d as
a g
uide
indr
afti
ng s
uch
law
s;ex
isti
ng,
colo
nial
-era
her
itag
ele
gisl
atio
n ha
s be
en d
escr
ibed
as
woe
full
y in
adeq
uate
to
mee
t th
ede
man
ds o
f th
e 19
90s
cond
uct
a sy
stem
atic
nat
ion-
wid
ere
view
of
cult
ural
her
itag
e le
gisl
a-ti
on a
nd a
sses
s th
e ne
ed f
or a
com
preh
ensi
ve u
mbr
ella
leg
isla
tion
redr
afti
ng o
f le
gisl
atio
n ap
pear
s to
be
a ke
y co
mpo
nent
to
the
succ
ess
and
cont
inua
tion
on
the
VC
HS
S.
The
new
leg
isla
tion
may
wis
h to
deve
lop
lega
lly
bind
ing
fram
ewor
ksfo
r pr
e-de
velo
pmen
t ap
prov
alpr
oces
ses
and
surv
eys,
the
reby
fina
nce
deve
lopm
ent
surv
eys
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
2. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge p
olic
y an
d pl
anni
ngA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 5
3 —
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.2.
Lev
el o
f pr
otec
tion
an E
IS l
egis
lati
on c
over
ing
outs
ide
proj
ects
has
bee
n dr
afte
d si
nce
1993
, bu
t no
t ye
t pa
ssed
. T
he d
raft
is c
urre
ntly
rev
iew
ed b
y th
e C
ultu
ral
Cen
tre
and
arch
aeol
ogic
al/h
erit
age
issu
es a
re a
dded
int
o it
.
the
new
leg
isla
tion
wil
l al
so p
rote
ctE
urop
ean
and
mar
itim
e hi
stor
ic s
ites
a w
ar r
elic
s bi
lls
has
been
dra
fted
ther
e is
no
lega
l re
quir
emen
t fo
rpr
e-de
velo
pmen
t ap
prov
alpr
oces
ses
and
surv
eys;
the
war
rel
ics
bill
s ha
s no
sup
port
in p
arli
amen
t an
d is
not
push
ed/p
ubli
cise
d by
the
cul
tura
lce
ntre
inte
llec
tual
pro
pert
y ri
ghts
as
wel
l as
cop
yrig
ht p
rote
ctio
n is
abse
nt
deve
lop
a le
gal
fram
ewor
k th
atre
quir
es p
re-d
evel
opm
ent
appr
oval
proc
esse
s an
d su
rvey
s
deve
lop
inte
llec
tual
pro
pert
y ri
ghts
and
over
all
copy
righ
t le
gisl
atio
n(w
hich
is
requ
ired
as
a pr
econ
diti
onto
joi
n th
e W
orld
Tra
deO
rgan
isat
ion)
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.3.
Enf
orce
men
t(n
atio
nal)
logg
ing
is a
t pr
esen
t on
hol
d;at
pre
sent
no
maj
or,
larg
e-sc
ale
deve
lopm
ents
pro
ject
s th
reat
en t
hecu
ltur
al h
erit
age
lack
of
favo
urab
le c
onsi
dera
tion
of h
erit
age
issu
es b
y de
vel-
opm
ent-
driv
en d
epar
tmen
ts (
egto
uris
m o
r fo
rest
ry).
enfo
rcem
ent
of t
he e
nvir
onm
enta
lsa
fegu
ards
is
know
n to
hav
ela
psed
on
occa
sion
ther
e ar
e ca
ses
whe
re l
oggi
ngco
mpa
nies
hav
e ig
nore
d st
ipu-
lati
ons
and
regu
lati
ons
the
reso
urce
ext
ract
ion
indu
stry
has
poli
tica
l cl
out
Wor
ld W
ar I
I vi
ntag
e C
oca-
Col
abo
ttle
s ar
e on
sal
e at
the
mai
nfo
od m
arke
t. W
hils
t th
e vo
lum
eof
tra
de i
n th
ese
item
s is
unc
lear
,th
ey m
ay b
e in
dica
tive
of
ala
rger
mar
ket
impr
ove
the
enfo
rcem
ent
capa
bili
tyof
fie
ld w
orke
rs a
nd n
atio
nal
staf
f.im
prov
e cu
ltur
al h
erit
age
awar
enes
sam
ong
deve
lopm
ent
com
pany
sta
ffan
d de
velo
pmen
t ap
prov
al a
genc
yst
aff
the
reso
urce
ext
ract
ion
in-
dust
ry h
as p
olit
ical
clo
utw
hich
, co
uple
d w
ith
the
prov
isio
n of
aid
fun
ds
may
be s
uch
that
cul
tura
l he
r-it
age
issu
es a
re t
otal
lyig
nore
d un
less
cul
tura
lhe
rita
ge i
ssue
s ar
e al
perv
asiv
e
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.3.
Enf
orce
men
t(p
rovi
ncia
l)en
forc
emen
t of
her
itag
e le
gisl
atio
nin
the
pro
vinc
es i
s no
t se
en a
s a
prob
lem
by
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
enfo
rcem
ent
of t
he l
egis
lati
on i
sco
mpl
icat
ed i
n th
e pr
ovin
ces
stre
ngth
en t
he c
apac
ity
of t
he c
us-
tom
s se
rvic
e an
d th
e pa
trol
boa
tcr
ews
to e
nfor
ce t
he h
erit
age
leg-
isla
tion
and
to
iden
tify
exp
ort-
proh
ibit
ed i
tem
s
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
2. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge p
olic
y an
d pl
anni
ngA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 5
4 —
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.4.
Pro
tect
ion
of i
n-ta
ngib
le h
erit
age
exis
tenc
e of
a v
iabl
e an
d vi
bran
tin
tang
ible
cul
tura
l he
rita
ge;
docu
men
tati
on a
nd a
ctiv
e te
achi
ng o
fth
is h
erit
age
occu
rs /
is
plan
ned
the
wor
kpla
n of
the
cul
tura
l ce
ntre
com
pris
es e
ffor
ts t
o de
velo
p a
nati
onal
int
elle
ctua
l pr
oper
ty r
ight
spo
licy
and
leg
isla
tion
inte
llec
tual
pro
pert
y ri
ghts
hav
eno
t be
en a
ddre
ssed
in
exis
ting
legi
slat
ion;
the
mus
eum
att
empt
s to
enf
orce
a'p
olic
y' o
n th
is m
atte
r, b
utco
mpl
ianc
e w
ith
the
poli
cy i
spu
rely
vol
unta
ry (
alth
ough
posi
tive
res
pons
es h
ave
been
rece
ived
)
deve
lopm
ent
of a
int
elle
ctua
l pr
op-
erty
rig
hts
act/
code
of
ethi
cspu
blic
aw
aren
ess
cam
paig
n as
to
whi
ch l
imit
atio
ns a
nd o
ppor
tuni
ties
such
a l
egis
lati
on w
ould
bri
ng a
bout
ther
e is
a c
onsi
dera
ble
in-
dust
ry s
elli
ng c
ount
erfe
itcl
othe
s, p
erfu
mes
and
wat
ches
. T
his
indu
stry
may
atte
mpt
to
resi
st t
hedr
afti
ng o
f in
tell
ectu
alpr
oper
ty r
ight
s le
gisl
atio
n
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.5.
Res
earc
h P
erm
its
a re
sear
ch p
olic
y ha
s be
en s
et i
npl
ace
whi
ch g
over
ns r
esea
rch
perm
its
and
stip
ulat
es c
ontr
ibut
ions
the
rese
arch
ers
have
to
mak
e to
Van
uatu
’s c
ultu
ral
heri
tage
no w
eakn
esse
s ar
e kn
own
as t
hepo
licy
is
a ye
t un
test
ed
2.3.
Her
itag
e P
lan-
nin
g2.
3.1.
Att
itud
e to
Pla
nnin
ga
posi
tive
att
itud
e to
war
ds p
lann
ing
exis
ts,
even
tho
ugh
heri
tage
has
not
been
sys
tem
atic
ally
pla
nned
for
befo
relo
cal
plan
ning
exp
erti
se (
albe
it n
otin
the
cul
tura
l fi
eld)
exi
sts
in t
hena
tion
al p
lann
ing
depa
rtm
ent
the
depa
rtm
ent
of c
ultu
re h
as b
een
task
ed t
o dr
aw u
p a
line
-min
istr
ycu
ltur
al d
evel
opm
ent
plan
mos
t of
the
pla
n el
emen
ts a
nd d
ata
are
clai
med
to
be i
n ha
nd
the
wor
k co
mm
itm
ents
of
the
staf
f ar
e m
enti
oned
as
lim
itat
ions
to
actu
ally
deve
lop
the
plan
2.3.
Her
itag
e P
lan-
nin
g2.
3.2.
Nat
iona
l L
evel
Pla
nnin
gla
ck o
f fu
nds
to c
ondu
ct s
ys-
tem
atic
pla
ning
as
the
staf
fw
ould
hav
e to
be
seco
nded
fro
mth
e na
tion
al p
lann
ing
offi
ce
impr
ove
the
plan
ning
ski
lls
of t
hecu
ltur
al c
entr
e an
d de
part
men
t of
cult
ure
staf
fde
velo
p a
nati
onal
cul
tura
l de
vel-
opm
ent
plan
whi
ch i
nteg
rate
s th
eef
fort
s of
the
var
ious
min
istr
ies
impa
ct o
f th
e na
tion
al c
ul-
tura
l de
velo
pmen
t pl
an o
nth
e ot
her
min
istr
ies
may
be
doub
tful
, ev
en i
f th
ey a
rein
volv
ed i
n th
e pl
anni
ngpr
oces
s as
int
er-m
inis
teri
alje
alou
sy s
eem
s to
exi
stth
us s
ever
al m
inis
trie
s m
ayon
ly p
ay l
ip s
ervi
ce t
o th
epl
an2.
3. H
erit
age
Pla
n-n
ing
2.3.
3. I
nsti
tu-
tion
al/D
epar
tmen
tal
Pla
nnin
g
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
has
deve
lope
d a
wor
k pl
an f
or 1
996
whi
ch c
onta
ins
plan
ning
ele
men
ts o
n hu
man
re-
sour
ce d
evel
opm
ent,
str
engt
heni
ngth
e re
venu
e ba
se o
f th
e cu
ltur
alce
ntre
, on
goin
g re
stor
atio
n an
dpr
eser
vati
on o
f th
e ar
tefa
ctco
llec
tion
; on
goin
g si
te s
urve
y, a
ndde
velo
pmen
t of
a i
ntel
lect
ual
prop
erty
cop
yrig
hts
poli
cy
seve
re f
undi
ng l
imit
atio
ns h
am-
per
the
impl
emen
tati
on o
f th
ep
lan
s.
deve
lop
a cu
ltur
al c
entr
e po
licy
and
deve
lopm
ent
plan
sub
ject
to
draf
ting
the
nat
iona
l do
cum
ent
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
2. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge p
olic
y an
d pl
anni
ngA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 5
5 —
2.3.
Her
itag
e P
lan-
nin
g2.
3.4.
P
rovi
ncia
l/D
istr
ict
Lev
el P
lann
ing
litt
le p
lann
ing
occu
rs a
t th
epr
ovin
cial
lev
elno
for
mal
cul
tura
l he
rita
gepl
anni
ng o
ccur
s at
the
prov
inci
al l
evel
as
the
prov
inci
al g
over
nmen
ts l
ack
the
capa
city
to
do s
o.
empo
wer
the
pro
vinc
ial
gove
rnm
ents
to p
lan
for
the
man
agem
ent
ofK
usto
m a
nd c
ultu
ral
heri
tage
iss
ues
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.1.
Nat
iona
l G
over
n-m
ent
the
nati
onal
gov
ernm
ent
fund
s th
ecu
ltur
al c
entr
e
the
nati
onal
cen
tre
has
boug
ht t
hefr
eeho
ld t
itle
to
its
dow
ntow
n m
u-se
um a
nd l
ibra
ry f
acil
itie
s an
d in
-te
nds
to d
evel
op t
he s
ite
as a
com
mer
cial
ven
ue t
o ge
nera
te i
n-de
pend
ent
inco
me
fund
ing
is l
imit
ed a
nd i
tsm
agni
tude
is
unpr
edic
tabl
e.(e
g.va
tu 4
4 m
illi
on w
as a
sked
for
1996
and
vat
u 22
mil
lion
was
awar
ded)
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.2.
NG
O's
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.3.
Reg
iona
l he
rita
gebo
dies
none
of
the
regi
onal
her
itag
e bo
dies
are
able
to
fund
her
itag
e m
atte
rs.
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.4.
Gra
nt w
riti
ng s
kill
sth
e cu
ltur
al c
entr
e st
aff
has
exce
llen
tgr
ant
wri
ting
ski
lls
(as
is e
vide
nce
by t
he l
arge
num
ber
of g
rant
sob
tain
ed)
in t
he m
ain
the
gran
t w
riti
ngsk
ills
are
lim
ited
to
a si
ngle
staf
f m
embe
rpr
ovin
cial
gov
ernm
ents
hav
eve
ry l
imit
ed g
rant
wri
ting
skil
ls,
whi
ch a
re u
sual
lypr
ovid
ed b
y an
exp
atri
ate
aid
wor
ker/
tech
nica
l ad
vise
r
impr
ove
the
gran
t w
riti
ng s
kill
s of
aw
ide
rang
e of
sta
ff a
t th
e cu
ltur
alce
ntre
and
the
dep
artm
ent
of c
ultu
reto
all
ow d
ispe
rsin
g th
e ad
min
-is
trat
ive
load
of
the
dire
ctor
of
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
and
to h
edge
for
even
tual
itie
s
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.5.
Pri
vate
Sec
tor
no p
riva
te s
ecto
r fu
ndin
g is
curr
entl
y re
ceiv
ed i
n V
anua
tu
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
2. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge p
olic
y an
d pl
anni
ngA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 5
6 —
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.6.
Int
erna
tion
al a
iddo
nors
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
has
ben
able
to
attr
act
fund
ing
from
EU
, AS
PC
F,
NZ
SGS,
and
UN
ESC
O
all
thes
e fu
nds
are
proj
ect
base
dan
d do
not
ass
ist
wit
h re
curr
ent
oper
atio
ns
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
2. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge p
olic
y an
d pl
anni
ngA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 5
7 —
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
1. R
egio
nal
Co-
oper
a-ti
on,
form
al c
hann
els
Van
uatu
has
in
plac
e a
nati
onal
com
mis
sion
for
UN
ES
CO
, hea
ded
bya
very
com
pete
nt n
atio
nal
secr
etar
y,w
ho,
in c
olla
bora
tion
wit
h th
ecu
ltur
al c
entr
e ha
s at
trac
ted
regi
onal
wor
ksho
ps
Van
uatu
is m
embe
r of
PR
IMO
,U
NE
SCO
, PIM
A a
nd o
bser
ver
toIC
CR
OM
dual
lan
guag
e st
ruct
ure
faci
lita
tes
cult
ural
and
tec
hnic
al e
xcha
nge
wit
hN
ew C
aled
onia
and
the
Ang
loph
one
coun
trie
s of
Mel
anes
ia
a le
vel
of s
ub-r
egio
nal
co-o
pera
tion
is a
lrea
dy i
n pl
ace,
by
exch
angi
ngsi
te s
urve
y/fi
eld
offi
cers
bet
wee
nV
anua
tu a
nd N
ew C
aled
onia
regi
onal
co-
oper
atio
n be
twee
n th
ehe
rita
ge a
genc
ies
occu
rs
the
cult
ural
off
icer
s of
the
Mel
anes
ian
spea
rhea
d co
untr
ies
mee
t in
pre
-M
SG
mee
ting
s to
dis
cuss
com
mon
issu
es
regi
onal
co-
oper
atio
n be
twee
nV
anua
tu a
nd N
ew C
aled
onia
als
ooc
curs
in
educ
atio
n an
d he
alth
fund
ing
lim
its
the
exte
nt o
f th
isco
oper
atio
n
regi
onal
co-
oper
atio
n be
twee
nth
e he
rita
ge a
genc
ies only
occu
rs a
t co
nfer
ence
s
the
pre-
MS
G m
eeti
ngs
is a
prep
arat
ory
grou
p fo
r th
e m
ain
MS
G m
eeti
ng a
nd i
ts a
ctiv
itie
sde
pend
on
cult
ure-
rela
ted
re-
ques
ts b
y th
e ch
air
of M
SG
.th
e pr
e-M
SG
mee
ting
s of
the
cult
ural
off
icer
s ar
e ev
ent
driv
en(i
e th
e M
elan
esia
n ar
ts f
esti
val)
.A
cc. t
o th
e V
anua
ture
pres
enta
tive
the
re a
re n
o pl
ans
to d
evel
op a
for
mal
reg
ular
orga
nisa
tion
.
the
diff
eren
ces
in n
atio
nal
stat
usan
d ap
proa
ches
to
sove
reig
nty
impe
de s
ome
of t
he c
oope
rati
on
cons
ider
joi
ning
IC
OM
OS
to
draw
on
expe
rtis
e in
Eur
opea
n he
rita
ge f
ield
stre
ngth
en c
oope
rati
on a
nd t
echn
ical
expe
rtis
e ex
chan
ges
betw
een
Ang
loph
one
area
s of
Mel
anes
ia
expa
nd e
xist
ing
sub-
regi
onal
co-
oper
atio
n be
twee
n V
anua
tu a
nd N
ewC
aled
onia
to
cove
r as
pect
s ot
her
than
jus
t ex
chan
ging
sit
esu
rvey
/fie
ld o
ffic
ers
deve
lop
a re
gion
al f
ram
ewor
k to
poo
lre
sour
ces
and
to f
orm
alis
e th
eex
chan
ge o
f in
form
atio
n an
dre
sour
ces
deve
lop
the
Mel
anes
ian
Spe
arhe
adG
roup
Cul
tura
l O
ffic
ers
mee
ting
sin
to a
reg
ular
exc
hang
e ve
nue
for
cult
ural
pol
icy
issu
es,
mee
ting
annu
ally
, 6
mon
ths
befo
re t
he a
n-nu
al P
IMA
mee
ting
it
is u
ncle
ar w
hat
cons
ti-
tute
s M
elan
esia
in
the
eye
of t
he g
over
nmen
t of
fici
al,
ie. w
heth
er P
NG
and
/or
Fij
ish
ould
be
incl
uded
or
excl
uded
fro
m p
roje
cts
and
co-o
pera
tion
.A
t th
e m
omen
t, th
e of
fici
alve
rsio
n is
to
incl
ude
PN
Gan
d to
giv
e F
iji
obse
rver
stat
us (
such
as
wit
h th
eM
elan
esia
n S
pear
head
Gro
up).
,T
here
is
very
lit
tle
inte
rest
in c
oope
rati
on w
ith
Mi-
cron
esia
n st
ates
(F
SM
,R
oP, R
MI)
eve
n cu
ltur
alth
ough
con
tact
s ex
iste
d
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
2. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge p
olic
y an
d pl
anni
ngA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 5
8 —
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
2. R
egio
nal
Co-
oper
a-ti
on,
info
rmal
cha
nnel
sin
form
al r
egio
nal
co-o
pera
tion
be-
twee
n ag
enci
es o
ccur
s, m
ainl
y at
com
mon
wor
ksho
ps a
nd m
eeti
ngs
lack
of
cont
inui
ty o
f th
ese
con-
tact
s as
som
e pa
rtie
s ar
e le
sspe
rman
ent
than
oth
ers
ther
e ap
pear
s to
be
an i
ncre
asin
gnu
mbe
r of
ni-
Van
uatu
wor
king
in N
ew C
aled
onia
. th
e hi
gher
wag
es p
aid
in N
ew C
aled
onia
coul
d cr
eate
a b
rain
dra
in o
ftr
aine
d ni
-Van
uatu
to
Nou
méa
whi
ch m
ay a
ffec
t th
e vi
abil
ity
ofso
me
heri
tage
tra
inin
gin
itia
tive
s in
Van
uatu
incr
ease
the
abi
lity
of
cult
ural
off
i-ce
rs s
taff
to
esta
blis
h an
d m
aint
ain
info
rmal
con
tact
s;pr
ovid
e fu
ndin
g fo
r de
velo
pmen
t an
dim
plem
enta
tion
of
a co
mm
uni-
cati
ons
stra
tegy
via
mod
ern
tech
-no
logy
(e-
mai
l, W
WW
)
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
3. A
genc
y co
-ope
ra-
tio
nth
ere
is s
ubst
anti
al c
o-op
erat
ion
betw
een
heri
tage
age
ncie
s at
the
na-
tion
al l
evel
par
t of
whi
ch i
s fo
r-m
alis
ed
the
depa
rtm
ent
of e
duca
tion
rea
lise
sth
e ne
ed t
o im
prov
e an
d fo
rmal
ise
the
co-o
pera
tion
wit
h th
e cu
ltur
alce
ntre
the
depa
rtm
ent
of e
duca
tion
reco
gnis
es t
he n
eed
to i
ncre
ase
toco
oper
atio
n of
the
dep
artm
ent
ofed
ucat
ion,
the
cul
tura
l ce
ntre
and
the
nati
onal
tou
rism
off
ice
to m
anag
ean
d of
fset
the
cha
nges
tou
rism
wil
lbr
ing
abou
t to
Van
uatu
soc
iety
lack
of
favo
urab
le c
onsi
dera
tion
of h
erit
age
issu
es b
y de
vel-
opm
ent-
driv
en d
epar
tmen
ts (
egF
ores
try)
the
depa
rtm
ent
of e
duca
tion
doe
sno
t ha
ve t
he t
ime
and
staf
f to
do
so a
t th
e m
omen
t
lack
of
a fo
rmal
for
um f
or c
ultu
ral
poli
cy i
mpl
emen
tati
on i
n w
hich
all
thre
e ag
enci
es a
re r
epre
sent
ed(T
he c
ultu
ral
coun
cil
does
not
fulf
il t
hat
role
)
publ
ic e
duca
tion
pro
gram
me
gove
rnm
ent
depa
rtm
ent
educ
atio
npr
ogra
mm
e
form
alis
e th
e co
oper
atio
n be
twee
nth
e de
part
men
t of
edu
cati
on a
d th
ecu
ltur
al c
entr
e w
ith
the
aim
of
full
inte
grat
ion
of t
he c
ultu
ral
cent
re's
inte
rpre
tati
ve m
ater
ials
int
o sc
hool
curr
icul
a an
d in
tegr
atio
n of
the
cult
ural
cen
tre'
s cu
ltur
al e
xper
tise
into
cur
ricu
lum
dev
elop
men
t
esta
blis
h a
form
al w
orki
ng g
roup
or
inte
r-de
part
men
tal
com
mit
tee
tosy
nchr
onis
e cu
ltur
al h
erit
age
man
agem
ent
effo
rts
lack
of
staf
f to
im
plem
ent
any
coor
dina
ted
effo
rt
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
4. C
entr
al c
o-or
dina
-ti
on o
f he
rita
ge e
ffor
ts.
The
com
plet
ed m
useu
m /
cult
ural
cent
re w
ill
brin
g th
e va
riou
sde
part
men
ts u
nder
the
sam
e ro
of.
lim
ited
fun
ding
mea
ns t
hat
re-
sour
ces
give
n to
one
dep
artm
ent
may
be
used
els
ewhe
re
com
peti
tion
rat
her
than
coop
erat
ion
betw
een
the
vari
ous
depa
rtm
ents
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
5. N
GO
sa
NG
O 'B
enef
icia
l an
d E
nvir
onm
en-
tall
y S
usta
inab
le T
ouri
sm' h
as b
een
esta
blis
hed
no N
GO
is
full
y in
volv
ed i
n th
ecu
ltur
al h
erit
age
fiel
d
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
2. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge p
olic
y an
d pl
anni
ngA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 5
9 —
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
6. D
ecen
tral
isat
ion
ofhe
rita
ge m
anag
emen
t.th
e cu
ltur
al c
entr
e ha
s a
poli
cy t
ode
velo
p cu
ltur
al c
entr
es i
n th
epr
ovin
ces
incr
ease
the
cul
tura
l ce
ntre
s in
the
prov
ince
spr
omot
e lo
cal
iden
tity
;de
velo
p lo
cal
hand
icra
ft o
utle
ts a
nd a
cent
ral
hand
icra
ft o
utle
t fo
r al
lpr
ovin
ces
to s
uppl
y go
ods
for
the
crui
se-s
hip
trad
e2.
5. H
erit
age
Age
ncie
s2.
5.7.
Int
erac
tion
of
loca
lw
ith
cent
ral
auth
orit
ies
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
mai
ntai
ns t
hat
the
fiel
d w
orke
r pr
ogra
mm
e en
sure
s th
atth
e in
tera
ctio
n w
ith
loca
lau
thor
itie
s is
gua
rant
eed
min
or c
onfl
icts
abo
ut f
undi
ng o
fw
ork
cond
ucte
d ha
ve o
ccur
red;
whi
le a
t pr
esen
t ne
glig
ible
the
seis
sues
cou
ld b
ecom
e m
ore
com
mon
plac
e as
ser
vice
s in
the
post
-EU
pha
se a
re l
ess
wel
lfu
nded
and
the
par
tial
ly s
elf-
fund
ing
natu
re o
f th
e cu
ltur
alce
ntre
may
see
the
nee
d to
incr
ease
the
cul
tura
l ce
ntre
pro
fit
(com
pare
d to
wha
t is
pai
d to
fiel
dwor
ker
serv
ices
)2.
5. H
erit
age
Age
ncie
s2.
5.8.
Loc
al i
nvol
vem
ent
loca
l co
mm
unit
ies
have
acc
ess
to t
heex
pert
ise
via
the
fiel
dwor
ker
prog
ram
me
cont
inue
to
stre
ngth
en a
nd f
und
acti
viti
es o
f th
e fi
eldw
orke
rpr
ogra
mm
e to
ens
ure
that
loc
alco
mm
unit
ies
cont
inue
to
have
avi
sibl
e an
d pe
rcei
ved
invo
lvem
ent
in t
he n
atio
nal
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
effo
rt
lack
of
fund
ing
2.6.
Key
Sta
ke-
hold
ers
2.6.
1. G
over
nmen
t de
vel-
opm
ent
agen
cies
2.6.
Key
Sta
ke-
hold
ers
2.6.
2. L
ocal
Com
mun
itie
sth
ere
s ex
cell
ent
coop
erat
ion
of t
hecu
ltur
al c
entr
e w
ith
the
loca
l co
m-
mun
itie
s du
e to
the
fie
ldw
orke
rpr
ogra
mm
e
wit
h th
e de
mis
e of
the
fre
e ra
dio
prog
ram
mes
the
reg
ular
and
coor
dina
ted
com
mun
ity
outr
each
to t
he p
rovi
nces
may
bec
ome
redu
ced
mai
ntai
n an
d id
eall
y st
reng
then
the
com
mun
ity
outr
each
cap
acit
y
2.6.
Key
Sta
ke-
hold
ers
2.6.
3. D
evel
oper
sso
me
deve
lope
rs a
re v
ery
coop
erat
ive
som
e de
velo
pers
are
ext
rem
ely
unco
oper
ativ
ees
tabl
ish
a de
velo
per
trai
ning
/pub
lic
awar
enes
s m
odul
eat
tem
pt t
o bu
ilt
this
mod
ule
into
the
busi
ness
or
fore
ign
inve
stm
ent
li-
cens
ing
proc
ess,
the
reby
ens
urin
gth
at i
nves
tors
and
dev
elop
ers
are
war
e of
the
pro
cedu
res
and
cann
otcl
aim
ign
oran
ce.
wor
d th
e pu
blic
aw
aren
ess
mod
ule
inve
ry p
osit
ive
lang
uage
to
aver
tcl
aim
s th
at t
his
wou
ld 's
care
aw
ay'
inve
stor
s/de
velo
pers
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
2. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge p
olic
y an
d pl
anni
ngA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 6
0 —
2.6.
Key
Sta
ke-
hold
ers
2.6.
4. R
elig
ious
Ins
titu
-ti
on
sso
me
reli
giou
s in
stit
utio
ns (
such
as
the
Cat
holi
c ch
urch
) ar
e m
ore
ac-
com
mod
atin
g to
tra
diti
onal
str
uc-
ture
s an
d be
lief
s th
an o
ther
s (s
uch
asSD
A)
ther
e ap
pear
s to
be
a tr
end
that
an
incr
easi
ng n
umbe
r of
ni-
Van
uatu
is
prep
ared
/loo
king
to
inco
rpor
ate
trad
itio
nal
beli
efs
into
the
chu
rch
stru
ctur
esth
e R
egis
trat
ion
Act
of
1995
regu
late
s an
d r
egis
ters
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of
rel
igio
ns a
nden
sure
tha
t th
eir
beli
ef s
truc
ture
faci
lita
tes
the
surv
ival
of
Kus
tom
whi
le p
reac
hing
Chr
isti
an i
deal
s
the
rece
nt a
dven
t of
cha
rism
atic
evan
geli
cal
reli
gion
s br
ings
abou
t a n
ew w
ave
offu
ndam
enta
list
ant
i-in
dige
nous
cult
ure
mov
emen
tsth
e R
egis
trat
ion
Act
of
1995
is
seen
by
som
e as
a f
orm
of
spir
itua
l ce
nsor
ship
stud
y an
d m
onit
or
the
impa
ct o
f th
ene
w f
unda
men
tali
st r
elig
ions
on
Kus
tom
;
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
3. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge in
tegr
atio
n in
to o
ther
sec
tors
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 6
1 —
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.1.
Edu
cati
on p
olic
yC
ultu
ral
educ
atio
n ha
s be
en i
dent
ifie
din
the
nat
iona
l de
velo
pmen
t pl
an f
orse
vera
l ye
ars
A M
emor
andu
m o
f U
nder
stan
ding
exis
ts b
etw
een
the
Dep
artm
ent
ofC
ultu
re a
nd th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Ed-
ucat
ion
whi
ch s
tipu
late
s th
e in
-cl
usio
n of
cul
tura
l ed
ucat
ion
insc
hool
s an
d m
ake
this
the
re-
spon
sibi
lity
of
the
Dep
artm
ent
ofC
ultu
re
on a
per
sona
l le
vel,
vari
ous
reso
urce
man
ager
s re
cogn
ised
the
thr
eat
form
al w
este
rn e
duca
tion
cou
ld a
nddo
es p
ose
to t
radi
tion
al i
nstr
ucti
onan
d K
usto
m
coop
erat
ion
betw
een
the
cult
ural
cent
re a
nd th
e cu
rric
ulum
dev
el-
opm
ent
cent
re o
ccur
s
to d
ate
no i
mpl
emen
tati
on o
f th
ispl
an e
lem
ent
has
occu
rred
the
MoU
was
sig
ned
in 1
993
but
litt
le p
rogr
ess
has
been
mad
e as
it u
ncle
ar h
ow t
his
dire
ctiv
esh
ould
be
impl
emen
ted
foll
owin
g th
e M
oU t
he D
epar
t-m
ent o
f C
ultu
re w
as d
irec
ted
tost
ay o
ut t
his
area
like
wis
e, t
he M
inis
try
of E
duca
-ti
on w
as u
ncer
tain
how
to
ap-
proa
ch t
he m
atte
r
ther
e is
no
form
al e
duca
tion
poli
cy t
hat
expr
esse
s th
e ne
edto
bal
ance
Kus
tom
and
wes
tern
-st
yle
educ
atio
n
this
coo
pera
tion
is
info
rmal
and
reli
es o
n th
e ef
fort
s of
ind
ivid
-ua
lsth
e pe
rcep
tion
of
the
effe
ctiv
e-ne
ss o
f th
is c
oope
rati
on v
arie
sw
idel
y be
twee
n th
e pl
ayer
s w
ith
over
all
dist
rust
bei
ng p
reva
lent
ther
e ar
e re
port
s of
hos
tili
ty o
fE
duca
tion
per
sonn
el t
ove
rnac
ular
lan
guag
e ed
ucat
ion
revi
ve t
he i
mpe
tus
for
cult
ural
edu
-ca
tion
in
all
gove
rnm
ent
depa
rt-
men
ts,
wit
h sp
ecia
l re
fere
nce
toal
l se
ctio
ns o
f th
e de
part
men
t of
educ
atio
n
stre
ngth
en t
he c
oope
rati
on b
e-tw
een
the
Dep
artm
ent
of C
ultu
rean
d th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
cati
onan
d es
tabl
ish
form
al i
mpl
emen
ta-
tion
and
coo
pera
tion
pro
cedu
res
form
alis
e th
e co
oper
atio
n of
be-
twee
n th
e cu
ltur
al c
entr
e an
d th
ecu
rric
ulum
dev
elop
men
t un
it f
orm
utua
l be
nefi
t
cond
uct
a w
orks
hop
to e
nsur
e th
atth
e cu
rric
ulum
dev
elop
men
t ce
n-tr
e st
aff
real
ise
the
lim
itat
ions
of
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
(w.r
.t. t
o ta
bum
ater
ial)
and
the
cul
tura
l ce
ntre
staf
f re
alis
es t
he l
egit
imat
e ne
eds
of t
he c
urri
culu
m d
evel
opm
ent
cent
re f
or r
esou
rces
;en
sure
tha
t bo
th s
ides
are
ful
ly a
p-pr
aise
d of
the
opp
ortu
niti
es o
fcl
ose
coll
abor
atio
n
inte
rage
ncy
riva
lry
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
3. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge in
tegr
atio
n in
to o
ther
sec
tors
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 6
2 —
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.2.
Cur
ricu
lum
Dev
el-
opm
ent
(Gen
eral
)th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
cati
on h
ases
tabl
ishe
d a
posi
tion
of
Dir
ecto
r of
basi
c ed
ucat
ion,
whi
ch c
over
s ye
ars
1-6
(Pri
mar
y) a
nd 7
-10
(Jun
ior
seco
ndar
y ed
ucat
ion)
who
coor
dina
tes
teac
her
trai
ning
, cu
r-ri
culu
m d
evel
opm
ent
and
the
ex-
amin
atio
n of
fice
, th
ereb
y al
low
ing
a sy
stem
atic
and
com
preh
ensi
veap
proa
ch
som
e re
sear
ch i
s be
ing
cond
ucte
d to
asse
ss w
heth
er t
radi
tion
al g
ames
are
suit
able
for
for
mal
inc
lusi
on i
n th
em
odif
ied/
loca
lise
d sp
orts
and
PE
curr
icul
um
The
cur
ricu
lum
dev
elop
men
t ce
ntre
wor
ks o
n a
curr
icul
um o
verv
iew
docu
men
t w
hich
aim
s to
int
egra
teva
riou
s el
emen
ts o
f K
usto
m i
nto
form
al e
duca
tion
a m
eeti
ng o
f so
cial
sci
ence
tea
cher
sfr
om t
hrou
ghou
t th
e co
untr
y in
1995
, re
com
men
dati
ons
wer
e re
-ce
ived
tow
ards
the
con
tinu
ed d
e-ve
lopm
ent
and
refi
nem
ent
of t
hecu
rric
ulum
fift
een
year
s af
ter
inde
pend
ence
ther
e is
no
cons
olid
ated
sch
ool
curr
icul
um f
or y
ears
1-6
trad
itio
nal
inst
ruct
ion
is s
een
asqu
ite
sepa
rate
fro
m f
orm
al e
d-uc
atio
n;fo
rmal
edu
cati
on w
ould
incl
ude
Kus
tom
in
form
of
a se
t of
ac-
tivi
ties
, su
ch a
s cu
ltur
al c
om-
peti
tion
s;
resp
onsi
bili
ty f
or t
his
has
fall
enon
the
head
s of
a f
ew d
edic
ated
indi
vidu
als,
at
no e
xtra
rem
uner
atio
n an
d in
the
ir o
wn
spar
e ti
me
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
is p
arti
ally
self
-fun
ded
and
char
ges
for
the
prov
isio
n of
ser
vice
s fo
r th
eC
DC
; la
ck o
f C
DC
fun
ding
lim
itth
e us
e th
e C
DC
can
cur
rent
lym
ake
of t
he c
ultu
ral
cent
rere
sour
ces
fina
ncia
l su
ppor
t be
giv
en t
o th
epr
ojec
t to
dev
elop
the
cur
ricu
lum
and
to f
urth
er i
nteg
rate
Kus
tom
int
oth
e br
oade
r cu
rric
ulum
. Thi
s w
ere
tobe
ach
ieve
d by
eit
her
expa
ndin
g th
eC
DC
, or
ide
ntif
ying
tea
cher
s to
do
the
wor
k an
d pr
ovid
e th
em w
ith
afl
exib
le t
imet
able
to
wor
k w
ithi
n or
tim
e in
lie
u (p
art
tim
e te
achi
ngdu
ties
).
Any
dev
elop
men
t of
the
curr
icul
um t
o in
corp
orat
em
ore
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
Kus
tom
, w
ill
have
to
take
into
con
side
rati
on t
hesh
orta
ge o
f st
affi
ng i
n th
eC
DC
, and
fun
ding
for
tho
seca
rryi
ng o
ut t
he j
ob
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
3. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge in
tegr
atio
n in
to o
ther
sec
tors
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 6
3 —
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.2.
Cur
ricu
lum
Dev
el-
opm
ent
(Lan
guag
es)
the
cons
titu
tion
def
ines
Bis
lam
a as
the
nati
onal
lan
guag
e an
d E
ngli
shan
d F
renc
h as
the
lan
guag
es o
fin
stru
ctio
n.a
num
ber
of d
ecis
ion
mak
ers
grew
up
in t
he m
issi
onar
y sc
hool
sys
tem
whe
re t
he f
irst
lan
guag
e ta
ught
(bot
h re
adin
g an
d w
riti
ng)
was
the
vern
acul
ar l
angu
age
of t
he a
rea
this
is
inte
rpre
ted
as a
dir
ecti
veno
t to
tea
ch t
radi
tion
al l
an-
guag
es;
the
form
al s
tatu
s of
Bis
lam
a al
low
sth
e de
velo
pmen
t of
a r
egio
nal
lan-
guag
e
Bis
lam
a is
see
n as
an
un-
suit
able
too
l to
p be
use
d as
a fi
rst
lang
uage
as
it l
acks
firm
gra
mm
atic
al s
truc
ture
s
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.3.
Pre
-Sch
ools
the
med
ium
of
inst
ruct
ion
in p
re-
scho
ols
is t
he v
erna
cula
r la
ngua
gein
Por
t V
ila,
giv
en t
he m
ixed
orig
in o
f th
e po
pula
tion
, th
ela
ngua
ge o
f in
stru
ctio
n is
Bis
-la
ma
the
teac
hing
of
Kus
tom
is
left
to
the
disc
reti
on o
f in
divi
dual
s3.
1. F
orm
al E
duca
-ti
on
3.1.
3. P
rim
ary
Sch
ools
the
med
ium
of
inst
ruct
ion
in s
ome
rura
l ar
eas
in t
he e
arly
yea
rs o
f a
stud
ent
is t
he l
ocal
ver
nacu
lar
lang
uage
, be
caus
e se
mi-
trai
ned
orno
t qu
alif
ied
teac
hers
are
em
ploy
ed.
It i
s no
t th
e po
licy
to
teac
h or
in-
stru
ct i
n ve
rnac
ular
lan
guag
es,
but
itha
ppen
s an
yway
Cul
tura
l tr
adit
ions
, sk
ills
and
Kus
tom
in g
ener
al i
s ta
ught
for
one
per
iod
aw
eek;
som
e E
ngli
sh l
angu
age
read
ers
have
alo
cal
stor
y co
nten
t, t
hus
proj
ecti
ngtr
adit
iona
l va
lues
in
a su
blim
inal
fash
ion
this
dep
ends
on
the
loca
l si
tua-
tion
and
is
seen
as
a su
bsta
ndar
dm
ode
of i
nstr
ucti
on
vern
acul
ar,
loca
l la
ngua
ges
are
not
bein
g ta
ught
at
scho
ol,
thus
unde
rmin
ing
the
abil
ity
toef
fect
ivel
y an
d ap
prop
riat
ely
tran
smit
ting
Kus
tom
to
the
next
gene
rati
on;
teac
hing
ver
nacu
lar
lang
uage
s in
scho
ols
in V
ila
is n
ot p
ossi
ble,
give
n th
e m
ixed
ori
gin
of t
hepo
pula
tion
;
the
teac
hing
of
Kus
tom
is
left
to
the
disc
reti
on o
f in
divi
dual
s
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
3. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge in
tegr
atio
n in
to o
ther
sec
tors
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 6
4 —
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.4.
Sec
onda
ry S
choo
ls
a un
ifie
d cu
rric
ulum
has
bee
n de
-ve
lope
d fo
r ye
ars
7-10
;ex
cell
ent,
com
ic-s
tyle
pub
lica
tion
in
Bis
lam
a ai
ding
the
pub
lic
educ
atio
nef
fort
s on
cul
tura
l an
d hi
stor
ical
sit
em
anag
emen
t T
his
has
been
use
d as
part
of
scho
ol t
ext
for
year
7
The
Sou
th P
acif
ic B
urea
u of
Edu
-ca
tion
al A
sses
smen
t is
wor
king
tow
ard
coor
dina
ting
the
sen
ior
seco
ndar
y sc
hool
syl
labu
s w
ithi
nV
anua
tu a
nd t
he r
egio
n as
a w
hole
.
vern
acul
ar,
loca
l la
ngua
ges
are
not
bein
g ta
ught
at
scho
ol,
thus
unde
rmin
ing
the
abil
ity
toef
fect
ivel
y an
d ap
prop
riat
ely
tran
smit
Kus
tom
to
the
next
gene
rati
on;
curr
icul
um d
iffe
renc
es b
etw
een
Ang
loph
one
and
Fra
ncop
hone
scho
ols,
apa
rt f
rom
yea
rs 7
-10,
prev
ail;
Whi
le t
he N
ew Z
eala
nd S
choo
lC
erti
fica
te t
aken
in
year
13
isbi
ased
tow
ard
New
Zea
land
, the
Bac
cala
urea
te t
aken
at
the
sam
eti
me
is b
iase
d to
war
d F
ranc
e.N
eith
er h
ave
a su
bsta
ntia
l lo
cal
com
pone
nt
the
lead
is
bein
g ta
ken
from
outs
ide
the
regi
on.
Pac
ific
Isl
ande
rs s
houl
d be
act
ivel
yin
volv
ed i
n th
is p
roje
ct t
o en
sure
its
suit
abil
ity
and
sust
aina
bili
ty
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.5.
Ter
tiar
y In
stit
utio
nsT
he U
nive
rsit
y of
the
Sou
th P
acif
icpr
ovid
es s
tand
ard
exte
nsio
n se
r-vi
ces
in P
ort
Vil
a
US
P d
oes
not
cate
r fo
r th
e sp
ecif
icne
eds
of c
ultu
ral
educ
atio
n in
Van
uatu
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.6.
Rol
e of
the
mus
eum
the
new
cul
tura
l ce
ntre
inf
rast
ruct
ure
is e
vide
nce
of t
he a
id d
onor
s’(J
apan
-bui
ldin
g; F
ranc
e-in
stal
la-
tion
s; &
EU
-equ
ipm
ent)
com
mit
-m
ent
to t
he f
urth
eran
ce o
f cu
ltur
alhe
rita
ge m
anag
emen
t in
Van
uatu
;en
thus
iast
ic a
nd e
xtre
mel
y w
ell
qual
ifie
d di
rect
or o
f th
e cu
ltur
alce
ntre
;th
e ne
w c
ultu
ral
cent
re s
ees
itse
lf a
s a
reso
urce
pro
vide
r fo
r fo
rmal
educ
atio
n an
d co
mm
unit
y ed
ucat
ion
mea
sure
s
cult
ural
and
, m
ore
rece
ntly
, en
-vi
ronm
enta
l st
uden
t re
sear
chpr
ojec
ts i
n se
cond
ary
scho
olof
ten
ham
stru
ng b
y la
ck o
f fi
-na
ncia
l as
sist
ance
tow
ards
fie
ldst
udie
s fo
r st
uden
ts;
old
mus
eum
fac
ilit
ies
have
bee
nin
adeq
uate
, le
adin
g to
det
ri-
men
tal
stor
age
cond
itio
n
the
new
cul
tura
l ce
ntre
inf
rast
ruct
ure
is s
et t
o pr
ovid
e th
e fa
cili
ties
nece
ssar
y to
ens
ure
bett
er t
han
adeq
uate
sto
rage
con
diti
ons
ifm
ater
ial
cult
ure
the
incr
ease
d in
flux
of
visi
-to
rs a
nd u
sers
wil
l re
quir
ean
inc
reas
e in
fud
dlin
g to
ensu
re th
at a
dequ
ate
serv
ices
can
be
prov
ided
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
1. C
omm
unit
y E
duca
-ti
on P
olic
yth
e N
ason
al K
omun
iti
Div
elop
men
Tra
st (
NK
DT
), a
NG
O, i
s cu
rren
tlyde
velo
ping
ow
n pr
imar
y le
vel
vern
acul
ar l
angu
age
scho
ols
inde
pend
ent
of t
he g
over
nmen
tsy
stem
no f
orm
al c
omm
unit
y ed
ucat
ion
poli
cy i
s in
pla
cede
velo
p a
com
mun
ity
educ
atio
npo
licy
as
an u
mbr
ella
ins
trum
ent
toco
ordi
nate
the
var
ious
eff
orts
(an
dpo
ssib
le e
ffor
ts)
of t
he p
laye
rs i
nth
e fi
eld
of c
ultu
ral
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
3. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge in
tegr
atio
n in
to o
ther
sec
tors
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 6
5 —
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
2. G
over
nmen
tA
genc
ies
The
VC
HS
S h
ad b
een
acti
vely
en-
gage
d in
the
pro
mot
ion
of m
akin
git
s ai
ms
and
obje
ctiv
es u
nder
stoo
dto
the
wid
er p
ubli
c (1
990-
1994
)ex
cell
ent,
com
ic-s
tyle
pub
lica
tion
in
Bis
lam
a ai
ding
the
pub
lic
educ
atio
nef
fort
s on
cul
tura
l an
d hi
stor
ical
sit
em
anag
emen
t; t
his
book
let
whi
chge
nera
ted
muc
h in
tere
st a
mon
g th
epu
blic
;T
he c
omic
boo
k ge
nera
ted
muc
h in
-te
rest
am
ong
the
com
mun
ity
ofte
ache
rs i
n P
ort
Vil
a w
ho b
ring
scho
ol c
lass
es o
n a
regu
lar
basi
s to
the
VC
HS
S. T
he s
urve
y ha
s al
sobe
en i
nvol
ved
in t
he c
urri
culu
mde
velo
pmen
t of
yea
rs 7
-10
skil
l ba
se o
f de
dica
ted
teac
hers
use
dto
wor
k on
cur
ricu
lum
dev
elop
men
t;th
e su
cces
s of
the
edu
cati
onal
pro
cess
is t
he s
uppo
rt o
f th
e fi
eldw
orke
rs i
nth
e pr
ovin
ces
the
Dep
artm
ent
of C
ultu
re h
as s
et u
p'C
ultu
re C
lubs
' (na
kam
als)
in
the
prov
ince
s w
hich
aim
at
fost
erin
gtr
adit
iona
l kn
owle
dge
and
skil
lsth
e na
kam
als
are
bein
g se
t up
by
fiel
dwor
kers
, sh
owin
g th
e vi
tali
tyof
tha
t pr
ogra
m
end
of f
undi
ng to
the
VC
HS
S h
asse
en t
he p
ubli
c ed
ucat
ion
supp
ort
decl
ine
as t
he V
CH
SS
is
not
able
to
mee
t it
s no
rmal
oper
atio
nal
dem
ands
.
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
3. M
useu
ms
and
Cul
-tu
ral
Cen
tres
Van
uatu
has
an
exce
llen
t cu
ltur
alce
ntre
in
plac
e w
ith
a ne
w e
xhib
i-ti
on b
uild
ing
The
Dep
artm
ent
of C
ultu
re e
stab
-li
shes
cul
ture
clu
bs i
n th
e pr
ovin
ces
to e
duca
te c
hild
ren
cult
ural
cen
tres
was
dev
elop
ed o
nT
anna
cult
ural
cen
tres
are
bei
ng d
evel
oped
on T
anna
and
San
to
a pr
ivat
ely
run
war
rel
ics
mus
eum
is
bein
g de
velo
ped
on S
anto
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
was
not
cons
ulte
d w
hen
it w
as s
et u
p
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
3. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge in
tegr
atio
n in
to o
ther
sec
tors
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 6
6 —
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
4. N
GO
'sT
he N
atio
nal
Com
mun
ity
Dev
elop
men
t Tru
st (
NK
DT
) co
nduc
tstr
adit
iona
l sc
hool
s an
d sk
ill
tran
sfer
s w
hich
exi
st o
utsi
de t
hefo
rmal
edu
cati
on s
yste
mth
e F
renc
h em
bass
y ha
s an
exh
ibi-
tion
spa
ce w
hich
it
offe
rs f
or c
ul-
tura
lly
rela
ted
exhi
bits
. D
urin
g19
95 a
n ex
hibi
tion
on
tree
fer
nsc
ulpt
ures
fro
m A
mbr
ym a
nd M
ali-
colo
, a
s w
ell
as a
exh
ibit
ion
ofco
ntem
pora
ry a
rt w
as s
how
n3.
2. C
omm
unit
y E
d-uc
atio
n3.
2.5.
Rad
ioa
good
sys
tem
of
radi
o sh
ows
exis
ted
to e
duca
te t
he p
eopl
e in
the
prov
ince
s ab
out
the
need
for
cul
tura
lhe
rita
ge a
nd K
usto
m m
anag
emen
t
acce
ss t
o ra
dio
is n
o lo
nger
cos
tne
utra
l, li
mit
ing
publ
ic e
d-uc
atio
n op
tion
s to
out
er i
slan
ds;
the
radi
o st
atio
n no
w c
harg
es a
flat
fee
of
Vat
u 1
mil
lion
(app
rox
Aus
$ 1
20,0
00)
for
are
gula
r w
eekl
y 15
min
ute
prog
ram
of
vatu
20,
000
for
asi
ngle
epi
sode
fail
ure
to e
nsur
e at
the
poi
nt o
fpr
ivat
isat
ion
that
som
e go
v-er
nmen
t aw
aren
ess
prog
ram
sne
ed to
air
ed e
ithe
r fo
r fr
ee o
r at
a he
avil
y su
bsid
ised
dis
coun
t
sugg
est
to t
he g
over
nmen
t to
es-
tabl
ish
a br
oadc
asti
ng a
utho
rity
whi
ch g
over
ns,
to a
deg
ree,
the
cont
ent
of l
ocal
rad
ioes
tabl
ish
a sy
stem
whe
reby
cul
tura
lpr
ogra
ms
are
exem
pt f
rom
fee
s
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
6. S
emi-
acad
emic
jour
nals
the
prod
ucti
on o
f an
ann
ual
repo
rtw
ith
a pr
ojec
t su
mm
arie
s is
int
ende
dby
the
cul
tura
l ce
ntre
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
cons
ider
s th
epu
blic
atio
n of
a s
emi-
acad
emic
publ
icat
ion
in t
he f
utur
e
no s
emi-
acad
emic
jou
rnal
in
plac
ees
tabl
ish
a fo
rmal
sem
i-ac
adem
icjo
urna
l on
Van
uatu
cul
tura
l af
fair
s to
info
rm t
he o
vers
eas
com
mun
ity
ofth
e de
velo
pmen
ts a
nd t
o pr
ovid
e a
topi
cal
read
er f
or V
anua
tu's
seco
ndar
y sc
hool
sys
tem
.
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
7. L
ocal
TV
A c
omm
erci
al T
V s
tati
on i
s in
pla
ce,
whi
ch i
s in
tere
sted
in
vide
o fo
otag
eco
llec
ted
by t
he c
ultu
ral
cent
re;
the
Cul
tura
l C
entr
e w
ould
lik
e to
poss
ess
the
capa
city
to
edit
and
prod
uce
thei
r ow
n T
V p
rogr
ams
and
sell
the
m t
o co
mm
erci
al T
V s
tati
ons
a on
e ho
ur l
ocal
pro
gram
is
scre
ened
on S
unda
y ni
ghts
the
TV
sta
tion
s (o
wne
d by
the
sam
e co
mpa
ny a
s th
e ra
dio
stat
ion)
has
not
bee
n he
lpfu
l in
prov
idin
g di
scou
nts
for
the
scre
enin
g of
cul
tura
l pr
ogra
ms
cond
uct
an e
cono
mic
cos
t/be
nefi
tst
udy
to a
sses
s th
e ec
onom
icfe
asib
ilit
y of
set
ting
up
a T
V e
diti
ngun
it a
t th
e cu
ltur
al c
entr
est
reng
then
the
vid
eo e
diti
ng c
apac
ity
of t
he A
V u
nit
of t
he c
ultu
ral
cent
resu
gges
t to
the
gov
ernm
ent
to e
s-ta
blis
h a
broa
dcas
ting
aut
hori
tyw
hich
gov
erns
, to
a d
egre
e, t
heco
nten
t of
loc
al r
adio
and
tel
evis
ion
if e
quip
men
t is
bou
ght
thro
ugh
dono
r fu
nds,
the
recu
rren
t m
aint
enan
ce a
ndre
plac
emen
t co
sts
may
be
adr
ain
for
the
Cul
tura
lC
entr
e bu
dget
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
3. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge in
tegr
atio
n in
to o
ther
sec
tors
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 6
7 —
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
8. P
rint
Med
iath
e lo
cal
prin
t m
edia
pri
nt c
ultu
ral
stor
ies,
but
onl
y on
an
even
t dr
iven
basi
sth
e cu
ltur
al c
entr
e ha
nds
out
pres
sre
leas
es o
n an
eve
nt b
asis
ther
e us
ed to
be
a re
gula
r ne
ws-
pape
r co
lum
n on
cul
tura
l af
fair
s
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
9. P
ubli
c di
spla
ysth
e V
CH
SS h
as d
evel
oped
wit
h E
Ufu
ndin
g tw
o po
ster
s, o
ne o
n V
anua
tuce
ram
ics
and
one
on V
anua
tu r
ocka
rtth
e cu
ltur
al c
entr
e co
nsid
ers
the
deve
lopm
ent
of p
ubli
c ed
ucat
ion
book
lets
mor
e va
luab
le t
han
suit
case
dis
play
s
ther
e is
no
mec
hani
sm t
o de
velo
pan
d di
stri
bute
pub
lic
disp
lays
cons
ider
the
int
rodu
ctio
n of
pre
mai
nfe
atur
es f
ilm
scr
eeni
ngs
ofed
ucat
iona
l fi
lms
in c
inem
asdr
awin
g on
vid
eo-t
ape
reso
urce
sal
read
y co
llec
ted
cons
ider
the
dev
elop
men
t of
new
spap
er i
nser
ts w
ith
prin
tov
erru
ns b
eing
use
d as
boo
klet
s,m
useu
m n
ewsp
aper
s et
c.3.
2. C
omm
unit
y E
d-uc
atio
n3.
2.10
. R
ole
of f
orm
al E
d-uc
atio
n sy
stem
the
form
al e
duca
tion
sys
tem
pla
ysat
the
mom
ent
no r
ole
at a
ll i
nco
mm
unit
y ed
ucat
ion
the
pres
ence
of
teac
hers
in
the
loca
lco
mm
unit
ies
prov
ides
opp
ortu
niti
esfo
r in
form
al e
duca
tion
, co
uple
d w
ith
the
fiel
dwor
ker
prog
ram
me
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
11.
Tar
gete
d ed
ucat
ion
of i
mpa
ct g
ener
ator
s(d
evel
oper
s, l
ogge
rs,
buil
ders
etc
.)
At
the
mom
ent
no t
arge
ted
educ
atio
n oc
curs
deve
lop
enab
ling
leg
isla
tion
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
12 Y
outh
pro
gram
mes
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
13 P
ubli
c le
ctur
e se
ries
publ
ic l
ectu
re s
erie
s is
not
a p
ri-
orit
y gi
ven
the
lim
ited
aud
ienc
ew
hich
wou
ld b
e at
trac
ted
to s
uch
a m
ediu
m3.
2. C
omm
unit
y E
d-uc
atio
n3.
2.14
Pri
vate
Sec
tor
ther
e is
no
priv
ate
sect
or i
n-vo
lvem
ent
in h
erit
age
rela
ted
publ
ic e
duca
tion
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
1. T
ouri
sm P
olic
yA
Nat
iona
l T
ouri
sm D
evel
opm
ent
Mas
ter
plan
has
bee
n co
mpl
eted
by
a gr
oup
of c
onsu
ltan
ts.
the
plan
is
not
yet
acce
pted
by
parl
iam
ent,
but
this
is
expe
cted
to
happ
en w
ithi
ntw
o m
onth
sth
e m
aste
r pl
an c
onta
ins
a se
ctio
n on
the
cult
ural
res
ourc
e ba
se a
ndan
othe
r se
ctio
n on
the
im
pact
of
tour
ism
on
cult
ural
res
ourc
es
deve
lopm
ent
of p
olic
y fo
r cu
ltur
alto
uris
m i
s a
key
for
ensu
ring
asm
ooth
int
egra
tion
of
cult
ure
and
tour
ism
stre
ngth
en t
he i
nter
-age
ncy
coop
-er
atio
n be
fore
ad
duri
ng t
he i
mpl
e-m
enta
tion
of
the
Nat
iona
l T
ouri
smD
evel
opm
ent
Mas
ter
plan
to
pre-
vent
int
er-a
genc
y ri
valr
y, d
upli
ca-
tion
of
effo
rts
and
frac
tion
atio
n of
the
fund
ing
base
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
3. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge in
tegr
atio
n in
to o
ther
sec
tors
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 6
8 —
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
2. T
ouri
sm P
lann
ing
a N
atio
nal
Tou
rism
Dev
elop
men
tM
aste
r pl
an h
as b
een
com
plet
edto
o m
uch
emph
asis
on
rapi
dfi
nanc
ial
retu
rns
in t
he c
ultu
ral
tour
ism
fie
ld
deve
lop
guid
elin
es f
or t
he m
an-
agem
ent
of c
ultu
ral
tour
ism
ope
r-at
ions
des
igne
d to
ens
ure
that
cult
ural
val
ues
are
pres
erve
d w
hen
cult
ure
is e
xpos
ed t
o to
uris
ts,
wit
hso
me
elem
ents
bei
ng k
ept
secr
et3.
3. T
ouri
sm3.
3.3.
Mar
keti
ngth
e to
uris
m m
aste
r pl
an p
ropo
ses
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of
a c
ultu
ral
cent
rew
ith
disp
lays
fro
m a
ll o
ver
Van
uatu
(sim
ilar
in
conc
ept
to t
heP
olyn
esia
n C
ultu
ral
cent
re i
nH
awai
i) i
n an
env
iron
men
tall
y un
-sp
oilt
set
ting
at
the
nort
hern
sho
res
of E
fate
wit
h th
e ai
m t
o at
trac
t th
ose
tour
ists
who
wil
l on
ly s
tay
on E
fate
the
conc
ept
can
be s
een
as c
om-
plem
enta
ry t
o th
e cu
ltur
al c
entr
ede
velo
pmen
ts p
lann
ed f
or P
ort
Vil
a
Law
res
tric
ts t
he i
ssue
per
mit
s of
tou
rop
erat
ors
to N
i-V
anua
tu.
The
Nat
iona
l T
ouri
sm O
ffic
e, 5
0%ow
ned
by G
over
nmen
t, fo
cuse
s al
lm
arke
ting
nat
iona
lly,
wit
h no
init
iati
ves
bein
g ta
ken
to m
arke
tab
road
. T
he m
ain
init
iati
ve t
aken
abro
ad is
by
Van
air
and
Air
Van
uatu
.T
he m
ajor
ity
of t
ouri
sts
com
e fr
omA
ustr
alia
and
New
Zea
land
(65
%)
whe
re V
anua
tu is
mar
kete
d as
a“c
heap
bud
get
dest
inat
ion”
, w
ith
lim
ited
pro
mot
ion
of t
heM
elan
esia
n cu
ltur
e
the
Por
t V
ila
cult
ural
cen
tre
sees
the
prop
osed
dev
elop
men
t as
ath
reat
to
its
own
exis
tenc
e (a
ndfu
ndin
g ba
se)
and
ther
efor
e is
very
cri
tica
l of
the
Nat
iona
lT
ouri
sm D
evel
opm
ent
Mas
ter
plan
as
a w
hole
dupl
icat
ion
of e
ffor
ts a
dis
tinc
tp
oss
ibil
ity
the
curr
ent
mar
keti
ng e
ffor
ts a
reli
mit
ed t
o th
e im
ager
y of
the
Pen
teco
st l
and
divi
ng
coor
dina
te t
he a
ppro
ache
s to
cul
tura
lhe
rita
ge m
arke
ting
to
prev
ent
dupl
icat
ion
of e
ffor
ts a
nd f
ract
ion-
atio
n of
the
lim
ited
fun
ding
bas
e
pers
onal
ity
conf
lict
s m
aym
ar a
n ef
fici
ent
appr
oach
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
4. S
take
hold
er c
on-
sult
atio
nth
e to
uris
m o
ffic
e co
nduc
ts a
naw
aren
ess
cam
paig
n to
edu
cate
prov
inci
al g
over
nmen
ts a
nd l
ocal
com
mun
itie
s on
the
im
pact
and
bene
fit
of t
ouri
sm
the
stak
ehol
der
cons
ulta
tion
is
lim
ited
to
Por
t V
ila
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
5. L
and
owne
r in
-vo
lvem
ent
land
ow
ner
cons
ulta
tion
is
enco
ur-
aged
in
the
Nat
iona
l T
ouri
sm D
e-ve
lopm
ent
Mas
ter
plan
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
3. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge in
tegr
atio
n in
to o
ther
sec
tors
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 6
9 —
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
6. T
our
guid
ing
the
re a
re t
our
guid
es a
vail
able
in
Por
tV
ila,
as
wel
l as
San
to a
nd T
anna
;th
e tr
aini
ng o
f th
e to
ur g
uide
s on
Efa
te h
as f
ollo
wed
the
sta
ndar
dT
CSP
mod
elT
CSP
has
fun
ded
an a
nnua
l tou
rism
indu
stry
tra
inin
g pr
ojec
tth
e pr
even
t du
plic
atio
n of
eff
orts
Nat
iona
l T
ouri
sm D
evel
opm
ent
Mas
ter
plan
cal
ls f
or t
he d
evel
op-
men
t of
a t
our
guid
e tr
aini
ng p
olic
y
at p
rese
nt t
he t
our
guid
ing
op-
erat
ion
is s
een
as u
nreg
ulat
ed b
yth
e de
part
men
t of
cul
ture
,re
sult
ing
in t
ouri
sts
bein
g ta
ken
to i
napp
ropr
iate
pla
ces
deve
lop
a to
ur g
uide
tra
inin
g an
dac
cred
itat
ion
prog
ram
me
to e
nsur
eth
at t
our
guid
es d
o no
t br
each
loc
alcu
stom
and
are
cap
able
of
inte
rpre
ting
Kus
tom
in
anap
prop
riat
e fa
shio
n to
tou
rist
sco
ntin
ue to
dra
w o
n T
CSP
tour
gui
detr
aini
ng w
orks
hop
as a
bas
is f
orlo
cal
trai
ning
but
cus
tom
ise
the
conc
ept
for
the
need
s of
Van
uatu
draw
on
the
fiel
dwor
ker
base
and
tra
infi
eldw
orke
rs a
s to
ur g
uide
s, t
hus
prov
idin
g in
com
e op
port
unit
ies
atth
e lo
cal
leve
l am
ong
resp
onsi
ble
peop
le3.
3. T
ouri
sm3.
3.7.
Im
pact
ass
essm
ents
the
Nat
iona
l T
ouri
sm D
evel
opm
ent
Mas
ter
plan
cal
ls f
or t
he c
ondu
ct o
fE
IS p
rior
the
tou
rism
pro
ject
dev
el-
opm
ent
and
call
s fo
r th
est
reng
then
ing
of t
he E
nvir
onm
ent
Uni
t to
abl
e to
enf
orce
the
EIS
proc
ess
impl
emen
t th
e N
atio
nal
Tou
rism
De-
velo
pmen
t M
aste
r pl
an o
bjec
tive
sw
.r.t.
EIS
bef
ore
and
duri
ng t
ouri
smde
velo
pmen
t pr
ojec
ts
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
8. I
ncom
e op
tion
slo
cal
tour
ism
dev
elop
men
t al
low
s fo
rsu
bsta
ntia
l in
com
e op
tion
sex
ampl
es o
f th
e co
mm
erci
alis
a-ti
on o
f K
usto
m s
uch
as t
heP
ente
cost
lan
d di
ving
, w
ere
not
very
suc
cess
ful,
bein
gdi
sorg
anis
ed,
wit
h no
app
ro-
pria
te p
rici
ng s
truc
ture
and
man
agem
ent
plan
Kus
tom
lan
d sy
stem
als
oca
uses
som
e di
ffic
ulti
es i
nne
goti
atin
g to
urs,
hot
els
etc.
, as
the
re i
s no
orga
nisa
tion
man
agin
g an
ddi
stri
buti
ng p
rofi
ts t
o la
ndow
ners
, on
ce p
roje
cts
are
emba
rked
upo
n
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
4. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge d
ata
man
agem
ent
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 7
0 —
4.1.
Lan
d M
anag
e-m
ent
4.1.
1. S
ensi
tivi
ty o
f ac
cess
to l
and/
land
inf
orm
atio
nal
l in
form
atio
n on
lan
d m
atte
rs i
shi
ghly
sen
siti
ve4.
1. L
and
Man
age-
men
t4.
1.2.
Sen
siti
vity
of
acce
ssto
tra
diti
onal
sit
es (
&in
form
atio
n)
info
rmat
ion
on t
radi
tion
al s
ites
is
norm
ally
not
ver
y se
nsit
ive
and
data
can
be c
olle
cted
. if
mat
eria
l is
sens
itiv
e, i
t is
sto
red
in t
he t
abu
room
.on
ly o
ne p
erso
n ha
s ac
cess
to
that
room
, an
d on
ly t
he o
wne
rs o
f th
ein
form
atio
n ha
ve a
cces
s to
the
in-
form
atio
n st
ored
4.1.
Lan
d M
anag
e-m
ent
4.1.
3. D
atab
asin
g of
gen
-er
al i
nfor
mat
ion
4.1.
Lan
d M
anag
e-m
ent
4.1.
4. D
atab
asin
g of
ow
n-er
ship
inf
orm
atio
nas
all
inf
orm
atio
n on
lan
d m
atte
rs i
shi
ghly
sen
siti
ve,
no s
yste
mic
lan
dow
ners
hip
data
bas
e ex
ists
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
has
the
stri
ctpo
licy
not
to
get
invo
lved
in
any
mat
ters
rel
atin
g to
la
nd o
wne
rshi
pm
atte
rs o
r di
sput
es.
if l
and
owne
rshi
p is
sues
are
rai
sed
duri
ng a
sur
vey,
the
sur
vey
iste
rmin
ated
4.1.
Lan
d M
anag
e-m
ent
4.1.
5. D
atab
asin
g of
cul
-tu
ral
land
scap
e in
form
a-ti
on
cult
ural
lan
dsca
pes
are
inex
tric
ably
tied
to
land
ow
ners
hip
or r
esou
rce
owne
rshi
p an
d th
us c
anno
t be
data
base
d ei
ther
som
e cu
ltur
al l
ands
cape
s ha
ve b
een
docu
men
ted
by th
e V
CH
SS b
ut n
ola
nd o
wne
rshi
p in
form
atio
n is
plac
ed o
n th
e re
gist
erbo
th t
he c
ultu
ral
repo
rts
and
the
data
base
car
ds h
ave
safe
guar
ds t
osh
ow t
hat
the
pers
ons
prov
idin
g g
the
info
rmat
ion
are
info
rman
ts,
but
that
the
nam
ing
of t
he i
nfor
man
tsdo
es n
ot c
onst
itut
e an
d la
ndow
ners
hip
clai
ms
or a
ny v
alid
atio
nof
]of
such
cla
ims
by t
he V
CH
SS
or
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.1.
Str
uctu
re o
f re
gist
ersy
stem
sth
e sy
stem
is
wor
kabl
e an
d ro
bust
the
mat
eria
l is
not
cat
alog
ued
inan
eas
ily
acce
ssib
le m
anne
r
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
4. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge d
ata
man
agem
ent
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 7
1 —
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.2.
Spa
tial
cov
erag
e of
regi
ster
sys
tem
sas
the
VC
HS
S i
s ex
peri
enci
ngfu
ndin
g pr
oble
ms
to e
xecu
te s
urve
ysin
the
out
er i
slan
ds,
the
isla
nd o
fE
fate
, w
hich
can
be
trav
elle
d by
car
,is
sys
tem
atic
ally
sur
veye
d.
the
spat
ial
cove
rage
is
very
un-
even
as
the
deve
lopm
ent
of t
hesy
stem
was
eve
nt (
deve
lopm
ent
proj
ect)
dri
ven
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.3.
Rec
urre
nt v
erif
ica-
tion
of
info
rmat
ion
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.4.
Nat
iona
l S
urve
yP
rogr
amm
eex
cell
ent
site
sur
vey
prog
ram
me
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.4.
Nat
iona
l S
urve
yP
rogr
amm
ew
ell
esta
blis
hed
cult
ural
and
his
tor-
ical
sit
e su
rvey
and
inv
ento
ry p
ro-
gram
me;
VC
HSS
con
duct
ed b
etw
een
1990
and
1994
fiv
e re
gula
r ar
ea s
urve
ys,
afte
rw
hich
the
pro
ject
foc
usse
d on
deve
lopm
ent
driv
en s
urve
ys (
27).
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
has
con-
cent
rate
d on
the
tra
diti
on o
f‘l
ivin
g’ c
ultu
re t
o th
e de
trim
ent
of m
ater
ial
cult
ure
Whi
lst
a co
nsid
erab
le a
mou
nt o
fst
aff
trai
ning
and
her
itag
e ad
-m
inis
trat
ion
coul
d be
ach
ieve
d,th
ese
free
pre
-dev
elop
men
tsu
rvey
s cr
eate
d a
poli
tica
lcl
imat
e in
whi
ch d
evel
oper
s,in
clud
ing
aid
dono
rs,
are
unw
illi
ng t
o pa
y fo
r th
ese
surv
eys,
eve
n th
ough
the
ir o
wn
coun
try
such
req
uire
men
ts w
ould
be m
etA
fter
the
end
of
the
EC
pro
ject
,on
ly f
our
such
sur
veys
wer
eca
rrie
d ou
t in
199
5, c
ompa
red
to13
in
1994
. A
ll f
our
surv
eys
wer
e co
nduc
ted
for
the
Env
i-ro
nmen
t U
nit,
Min
istr
y of
Lan
dsan
d N
atur
al R
esou
rces
, as
part
of
a su
rvey
of
pote
ntia
l na
tion
alpa
rks
the
plac
emen
t of
the
VC
HS
S a
s pa
rtof
the
Van
uatu
Cul
tura
l Cen
tre
allo
ws
for
a cl
ose
inte
grat
ion
of t
hetw
o su
rvey
str
uctu
res
of o
ral
hist
ory
and
phys
ical
sit
es
the
plac
emen
t of
the
VC
HS
Sas
par
t of
the
Van
uatu
Cul
tura
l C
entr
e m
akes
it
asu
bord
inat
e di
visi
on,
whi
ch m
ight
res
ult
in t
hew
eake
ning
of
the
infr
astr
uctu
ral
and
fiel
d tr
ipfu
nd r
esou
rce
base
of
the
VC
HSS
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.5.
P
rovi
ncia
l/D
istr
ict
Sur
vey
Pro
gram
me
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
1. A
rchi
val
man
age-
men
t of
dat
are
lies
on
the
VC
HS
S
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
4. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge d
ata
man
agem
ent
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 7
2 —
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
2. A
utom
atis
atio
nth
e sm
all
coll
ecti
on h
eld
by t
he c
ul-
tura
l ce
ntre
has
bee
n pl
aced
on
aco
mpu
ter
data
base
and
a s
yste
mat
icda
taba
sing
of
Van
uatu
mat
eria
lcu
ltur
e is
pla
nned
dual
lan
guag
e st
ruct
ure
may
inhi
bit
deve
lopm
ent
ofau
tom
ated
dat
a sy
stem
s
stre
ngth
en t
he d
atab
asin
g ca
pabi
l-it
ies
(inc
tra
inin
g) o
f th
e cu
ltur
alce
ntre
) to
mai
ntai
n cu
rren
t le
vels
and
broa
den
staf
f ba
se
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
3. T
radi
tion
al r
ecor
dsm
anag
emen
t.
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
4. M
useu
ms/
cult
ural
cent
res
coll
ecti
on m
an-
agem
ent
New
cul
tura
l cen
tre
prov
ides
new
faci
liti
es c
ombi
ning
the
var
ious
depa
rtm
ents
seve
ral
cura
tori
al s
taff
hav
e re
ceiv
edsh
ort
trai
ning
wor
ksho
ps o
nco
nser
vati
on a
nd c
onse
rvat
ion
man
agem
ent
no t
erti
ary
trai
ned
cons
erva
tor
tode
al w
ith
mat
eria
l cu
ltur
e ob
ject
s
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
5. A
cces
s li
mit
atio
ns(s
afeg
uard
s)T
he e
stab
lish
men
t of
the
tab
u ro
omha
s le
ad a
wid
espr
ead
trus
t am
ong
the
com
mun
ity
that
the
inf
orm
atio
nis
res
tric
ted
and
that
acc
ess
isli
mit
ed t
o th
ose
trad
itio
nall
yau
thor
ised
to
do s
o4.
3. R
ecor
ds a
ndC
olle
ctio
ns M
an-
agem
ent
4.3.
6. O
ral
His
tory
& P
er-
form
ance
Doc
umen
tati
onT
he o
ral
trad
itio
ns h
ave
been
docu
men
ted
on v
ideo
tap
e an
dau
dioc
aset
tem
ajor
ong
oing
doc
umen
tati
onpr
ogra
mm
e4.
4. R
esea
rch
4.4.
1. P
roac
tive
Pla
nnin
gth
e cu
ltur
al c
entr
e ha
s id
enti
fied
a l
ist
of i
ssue
s w
hich
the
cen
tre
wou
ld l
ike
to h
ave
addr
esse
d by
res
earc
hers
ente
ring
the
cou
ntry
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.2.
Int
erna
l ca
paci
ties
Inte
rnal
cap
acit
ies
are
lim
ited
by
skil
ls a
nd f
unds
impr
ove
inte
rnal
res
earc
hca
pabi
liti
es t
hrou
gh t
rain
ing
and
co-o
pera
tive
res
earc
h ef
fort
s4.
4. R
esea
rch
4.4.
3. F
orei
gn r
esea
rch
into
the
cou
ntry
's h
erit
age
rese
arch
per
mit
s ha
d be
en f
roze
n fr
om19
90-1
995.
New
res
earc
h ha
s ju
stco
mm
ence
d
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
wou
ld l
ike
to s
ee a
num
ber
of r
esea
rch
proj
ects
fin
ance
dw
hich
wou
ld c
onta
in a
tra
inin
gco
mpo
nent
for
loc
al s
taff
and
fie
ldof
fice
rs4.
4. R
esea
rch
4.4.
4. C
o-op
erat
ive
agre
emen
tsno
co-
oper
ativ
e re
sear
chag
reem
ents
wit
h un
iver
siti
es o
rot
her
heri
tage
org
anis
atio
ns a
rein
pla
ce
deve
lop
poli
cy a
nd o
bjec
tive
s to
enga
ge i
n st
rate
gic
alli
ance
s w
ith
tert
iary
ins
titu
tion
s to
pro
vide
fo-
cuss
ed r
esea
rch
relu
ctan
ce o
f un
iver
siti
es t
oen
ter
into
co-
oper
ativ
eag
reem
ents
wit
h pe
rfor
-m
ance
ind
icat
ors
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
4. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge d
ata
man
agem
ent
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 7
3 —
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.5.
App
rova
l pr
oces
ses
Exi
stin
g ap
prov
al p
roce
sses
are
adeq
uate
as
loca
l co
mm
unit
y an
dch
iefl
y ap
prov
al i
s re
quir
ed4.
4. R
esea
rch
4.4.
6. A
dmin
istr
atio
n of
ongo
ing
proj
ects
no c
entr
al a
dmin
istr
atio
n or
over
sigh
t (?
)4.
4. R
esea
rch
4.4.
7. R
ecor
ds d
epos
itor
yth
e ne
w p
olic
y en
sure
s th
at V
anua
tuw
ill
have
acc
ess
to a
nd o
wne
rshi
p of
the
reco
rds
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.8.
Acc
ess
to r
esul
tsth
e ne
w p
olic
y en
sure
s th
at V
anua
tuw
ill
have
acc
ess
to t
he r
esul
ts4.
5. H
erit
age
Sit
eM
anag
emen
t4.
5.1.
Acc
ess
to k
now
ledg
e
4.5.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Man
agem
ent
4.5.
2. O
wne
rshi
p of
sit
esS
tron
gly
deve
lope
d sy
stem
of
land
owne
rshi
p an
d si
te o
wne
rshi
p(w
hich
nee
d no
t be
the
sam
e pe
ople
)4.
5. H
erit
age
Sit
eM
anag
emen
t4.
5.3.
Sig
nifi
canc
e ev
alu-
atio
nno
sys
tem
atic
sig
nifi
canc
eev
alua
tion
is
carr
ied
out
esta
blis
h a
syst
em t
o ev
alua
te t
hesi
gnif
ican
ce o
f re
sour
ces,
trai
n cu
ltur
al c
entr
e st
aff
and
sele
cted
fiel
dwor
kers
in
sign
ific
ance
asse
ssm
ents
expa
nd t
his
trai
ning
to
all
fiel
dwor
kers
4.5.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Man
agem
ent
4.5.
4. D
evel
opm
ent
of s
ite
man
agem
ent
plan
sth
e de
velo
pmen
t of
sit
em
anag
emen
t pl
ans
sole
ly r
elie
son
the
lan
dow
ners
/sit
e ow
ners
esta
blis
h a
syst
em t
o de
velo
p o
f si
tem
anag
emen
t pl
ans
trai
n cu
ltur
al c
entr
e st
aff
and
sele
cted
fiel
dwor
kers
in
site
man
agem
ent
tech
niqu
esex
pand
thi
s tr
aini
ng t
o al
lfi
eldw
orke
rs4.
5. H
erit
age
Sit
eM
anag
emen
t4.
5.5.
Int
erve
ntiv
e C
on-
serv
atio
n M
easu
res
muc
h in
tere
st i
n re
sear
chin
g V
anu-
atu'
s he
rita
ge;
heri
tage
res
earc
h ap
prov
al p
ro-
cess
es o
n ho
ld p
endi
ng p
olit
ical
deci
sion
s
stre
amli
ning
of
the
heri
tage
res
earc
hap
prov
al p
roce
sses
;de
velo
pmen
t of
cou
ntry
pri
orit
ies
toac
hiev
e co
untr
y/ne
ed d
rive
n re
-se
arch
ben
efit
ing
Van
uatu
4.6.
Loc
al C
ontr
ol4.
6.1.
Loc
al c
ontr
ol o
fda
ta/i
nfor
mat
ion
sens
itiv
e in
form
atio
n is
sto
red
in t
heta
bu r
oom
4.6.
Loc
al C
ontr
ol4.
6.2.
Loc
al c
ontr
ol o
f ac
-ce
ss t
o si
tes
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
5. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge in
fras
truc
ture
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 7
4 —
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
1. C
ore
heri
tage
gov
-er
nmen
t ag
enci
escu
ltur
al c
entr
e em
ploy
s m
any
qual
ifie
dst
aff
and
can
draw
on
a la
rge
loca
lvo
lunt
eer
base
;a
staf
f m
embe
r is
cur
rent
ly b
eing
trai
ned
at t
he U
nive
rsit
y of
Can
berr
a
The
dep
artm
ent
of c
ultu
re h
as a
sin
gle
staf
f id
enti
fied
to
man
age
the
cult
ural
affa
irs
VC
HSS
con
duct
ed E
U-f
unde
d su
rvey
prog
ram
me
betw
een
1990
and
199
4 a
cons
ider
able
am
ount
of
staf
f tr
aini
ngan
d he
rita
ge a
dmin
istr
atio
n co
uld
beac
hiev
ed
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
lack
s a
staf
fw
ho c
an s
uper
vise
and
adm
in-
iste
r th
e E
IS a
ppli
cati
ons
like
lyto
be
fill
ed i
f th
e ne
w E
nvir
on-
men
t A
ct i
s pa
ssed
staf
f sh
ifts
in
the
publ
ic s
ervi
ceis
lar
gely
pol
itic
al a
cts,
whi
chca
n cr
eate
unc
erta
inty
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
staf
f ba
se i
sve
ry s
hall
ow w
ith
no o
ne a
ble
to r
epla
ce t
he c
urre
nt d
irec
tor;
iden
tify
and
tra
in a
n in
dust
ry-
savv
y st
aff
mem
ber
in E
ISpr
ojec
t su
perv
isio
n an
den
forc
emen
tim
prov
e st
aff
num
bers
in
line
min
-is
try
to i
ncre
ase
and
enha
nce
thro
ughp
ut o
f cu
ltur
al a
ffai
rs r
e-la
ted
deci
sion
s an
d ac
tion
s
lim
itat
ions
in
the
sala
ryst
ruct
ure
as l
ittl
e in
cent
ive
exis
ts f
or s
uch
a pe
rson
to
appl
y
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
2. N
GO
age
ncie
sth
e N
KD
T h
as s
ubst
anti
al v
erna
cula
rla
ngua
ge s
kill
s in
han
dpo
or f
undi
ng b
ase
no c
ultu
ral
offi
cer
on s
taff
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
3. P
erip
hera
l he
rita
gego
vern
men
t ag
enci
esth
e de
part
men
t of
fis
heri
es w
ill
send
am
embe
r to
a t
rain
ing
cour
se o
ntr
adit
iona
l ca
noes
as
a m
eans
of
mod
ern
fish
erie
s
the
know
ledg
e ab
out
cult
ural
is-
sues
rel
ated
tra
inin
g op
tion
sav
aila
ble
to p
erip
hera
l ag
enci
esis
lim
ited
to
inte
rper
sona
lco
ntac
t5.
1. E
xten
t of
ski
llba
se5.
1.4.
Pri
vate
Sec
tor
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
5. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge in
fras
truc
ture
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 7
5 —
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
5. I
nter
nati
onal
Vol
un-
teer
Bas
eva
riou
s vo
lunt
eer
prog
ram
s ex
ist
inth
e co
untr
y (A
VA
, CU
SO, J
OC
V,
Peac
e C
orps
, VSA
, VSO
)
At
pres
ent
ther
e ar
e no
int
erna
-ti
onal
vol
unte
ers
wor
king
for
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
or t
he d
e-pa
rtm
ent
of c
ultu
re (
on c
ultu
ral
mat
ters
)la
ck o
f aw
aren
ess
by s
taff
tha
tvo
lunt
eer
orga
nisa
tion
s ca
n be
aske
d to
hea
dhun
t' re
quir
ed s
kill
sla
ck o
f aw
aren
ess
that
man
y co
un-
trie
s ha
ve a
vol
unte
er s
chem
edr
awin
g on
ret
ired
pro
fess
iona
ls(s
uch
as A
ESO
P)
a nu
mbe
r of
vol
unte
ers
are
wor
king
in
the
curr
icul
um d
e-ve
lopm
ent
fiel
d. T
he v
olun
teer
sm
ay l
ack
cult
ural
aw
aren
ess
w.r
.t. K
usto
m i
n sc
hool
s
deve
lop
a st
aff
esta
blis
hmen
t pl
anan
d id
enti
fy s
taff
ini
tial
tra
inin
g an
dtr
aini
ng r
einf
orce
men
t ne
eds
whi
chca
n be
met
by
draw
ing
on t
hein
tern
atio
nal
skil
led
volu
ntee
r ba
se(V
SA, V
SO, C
USO
, AV
A, A
ESO
P,et
c).
esta
blis
h in
form
al r
elat
ions
hips
wit
hvo
lunt
eer
orga
nisa
tion
s to
fac
ilit
ate
'hea
d hu
ntin
g' o
f re
quir
ed s
kill
s
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
6. L
ocal
Vol
unte
erB
ase
The
Van
uatu
fie
ldw
orke
r pr
ogra
m is
apr
ime
exam
ple
of v
olun
teer
bas
edpr
ogra
ms
the
fiel
dwor
ker
prog
ram
may
plac
e to
o m
any
dem
ands
on
the
volu
ntee
rs l
eadi
ng t
o di
s-en
chan
tmen
t
syst
emat
ic t
rain
ing
of t
he v
olun
teer
base
chan
ge i
n go
vern
men
t pr
ior-
itie
s m
ay s
ee t
he v
olun
teer
base
ero
ding
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
7. T
rain
ing
agen
das
enth
usia
stic
and
ext
rem
ely
wel
lqu
alif
ied
dire
ctor
of
the
cult
ural
cent
re;
wel
l de
velo
ped
skil
l ba
se a
t th
e lo
cal
as w
ell
as l
ower
cen
tral
lev
els;
an e
xtre
mel
y st
rong
dev
elop
edsy
stem
of
volu
ntar
y fi
eld
offi
cers
prov
idin
g or
al h
isto
rica
l an
d tr
adi-
tion
al i
nstr
ucti
onth
e A
ustr
alia
n M
useu
m h
as a
coo
p-er
ativ
e ag
reem
ent
wit
h V
anua
tu t
opr
ovid
e m
useu
m/c
ultu
ral
heri
tage
rela
ted
trai
ning
wor
ksho
ps a
bout
two
to t
hree
tim
es a
yea
rth
e lo
cal
pres
ence
of
an O
RS
TO
Mbu
reau
all
ows
to d
raw
in
tech
nica
lex
pert
ise
and
trai
ning
if
need
ed
pote
ntia
lly
exce
ssiv
e w
orkl
oad
ofth
e di
rect
or o
f th
e cu
ltur
alce
ntre
, w
ith
subs
tant
ial
dem
ands
w.r
.t. t
ime
and
effo
rts
cont
inuo
usly
bei
ng a
re m
ade
(am
ong
them
thi
s st
udy.
..)li
mit
ed s
kill
/exp
erie
nce
base
(in
term
s of
no.
of
staf
f) a
t th
e up
per
heri
tage
m
dual
lang
uage
str
uctu
re a
ndth
e ne
ed t
o en
sure
tha
t bo
thA
nglo
phon
e an
dfr
anco
phon
e el
emen
ts o
fth
e co
mm
unit
y ar
e eq
uall
yre
pres
ente
d, r
egar
dles
s of
qual
ific
atio
ns a
nd n
eeds
;A
nglo
phon
e/F
ranc
opho
nedi
visi
ons
wil
l re
mai
n
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
1. E
xhib
itio
n B
uild
ing
a cu
stom
-des
igne
d ex
hibi
tion
buil
ding
has
bee
n er
ecte
d in
199
5in
crea
sed
runn
ing
cost
s ha
ve n
otbe
en r
ecog
nise
d in
the
lat
est
budg
et
deve
lop
site
as
a re
venu
e ge
nera
ting
tour
ist
attr
acti
on
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
5. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge in
fras
truc
ture
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 7
6 —
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
2. A
dmin
istr
atio
nth
e ne
w e
xhib
itio
n bu
ildi
ng h
assp
ace
for
adm
inis
trat
ive
offi
ces
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
3. C
olle
ctio
n S
tora
geth
e ne
w e
xhib
itio
n bu
ildi
ng h
as c
li-
mat
e co
ntro
lled
and
unc
ontr
olle
dar
tefa
cts
stor
age
som
e of
the
col
lect
ion
has
suff
ered
and
is a
n a
bad
stat
e of
pres
erva
tion
.
whi
le s
kill
s ex
ist
the
staf
fing
is
tosm
all
wit
h to
o li
ttle
tim
e av
aila
ble
for
pres
erva
tion
tas
ks5.
2. B
uild
ings
/Pla
nt5.
2.4.
Pro
fess
iona
l L
ibra
rya
prof
essi
onal
lib
rary
exi
sts
the
prof
essi
onal
lib
rary
is
unde
rde
velo
ped
expa
nd t
he p
rofe
ssio
nal
libr
ary
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
5. T
reat
men
t L
abor
a-to
rya
trea
tmen
t la
bora
tory
is
curr
entl
ybe
ing
equi
pped
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
6. P
erfo
rman
ce F
acil
ity
a 10
0-se
at a
udio
visu
al t
heat
re h
asbe
en b
uilt
a la
rge
outd
oor
perf
orm
ance
are
aex
ists
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
7. P
ubli
c L
ibra
rycu
rren
tly
unde
rgoi
ng r
enov
atio
n an
dex
pans
ion
in f
loor
spa
ce5.
2. B
uild
ings
/Pla
nt5.
2.8.
(M
useu
m)
Sho
pA
cou
nter
in
the
exhi
biti
on g
alle
ryfu
lfil
s th
e fu
ncti
on o
f a
mus
eum
sho
ppl
ans
exis
t to
est
abli
sh a
mus
eum
coff
ee s
hop
5.3.
Equ
ipm
ent
5.3.
1. S
atur
atio
n w
ith
com
pute
rs
5.3.
Equ
ipm
ent
5.3.
2. O
ffic
e eq
uipm
ent
the
offi
ce e
quip
men
t is
DO
S -
base
dco
mpu
ters
syst
ems
not
netw
orke
d (L
AN
);no
t e-
mai
l ca
pabl
e;no
sys
tem
atic
dat
a ba
ck-u
p ca
-pa
bili
ties
in
hand
;
purc
hase
a m
odem
;ne
twor
k al
l cu
ltur
al c
entr
e co
mpu
ters
to a
loc
al a
rea
netw
ork;
purc
hase
and
ins
tall
a d
ata
back
-up
syst
em (
tape
dri
ve,
zip-
driv
e et
c)5.
3. E
quip
men
t5.
3.3.
Rec
ordi
ng/e
diti
ngS
uite
the
new
exh
ibit
ion
buil
ding
has
spac
e fo
r A
V f
acil
ity
a ne
w e
diti
ng s
uite
is
bein
g fu
nded
by th
e E
U
5.3.
Equ
ipm
ent
5.3.
4.
Pho
topr
oduc
tion
/Dar
kroo
mal
l ph
oto
jobs
are
out
sour
ced
whi
le e
stab
lish
men
t of
a p
hoto
labo
rato
ry i
s lo
w p
rior
ity
it i
sde
emed
des
irab
le b
y cu
ltur
al c
entr
est
aff
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Van
uatu
5. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge in
fras
truc
ture
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
— 7
7 —
5.4.
Ope
rati
ons
5.4.
1. O
pera
tion
al c
on-
stra
ints
5.4.
Ope
rati
ons
5.4.
2. M
obil
ity
of s
taff
(att
itud
es)
all
mal
e st
aff
are
read
y an
d w
illi
ng t
otr
avel
seve
ral
fem
ale
staf
f ha
ve f
amil
yco
mm
itm
ents
tha
t li
mit
the
irm
obil
ity
5.4.
Ope
rati
ons
5.4.
3. M
obil
ity
of s
taff
(veh
icle
s et
c.)
two
vehi
cles
in
plac
e
5.5.
Com
mun
ica-
tio
ns
5.5.
1. P
olic
y
5.5.
Com
mun
ica-
tio
ns
5.5.
2. F
ield
wor
ker
com
-m
unic
atio
ns
5.5.
Com
mun
ica-
tio
ns
5.5.
3. A
cces
s to
the
In-
tern
et
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
— 7
8 —
New
Cal
edon
ia1.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
man
ifes
tatio
nsC
ateg
ory
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
1.1.
Im
mov
able
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
1.1.
Arc
haeo
logy
a ri
ch a
nd c
ompl
ex a
rcha
eolo
gica
lre
cord
exi
sts,
am
ong
them
the
epon
ymou
s si
te '
Lap
ita"
a vi
able
arc
haeo
logy
pro
gram
is
inpl
ace
a si
ngle
dis
cipl
ine
(ie
arch
aeol
-og
y) i
s sp
lit
into
res
earc
h, c
ar-
ried
by
the
Fre
nch
Sta
te v
iaO
RST
OM
) an
d m
anag
emen
t,ca
rrie
d ou
t by
the
pro
vinc
ial
gove
rnm
ents
via
the
Mus
eum
.T
hus
cros
s-fe
rtil
isat
ion
isw
holl
y de
pend
ent
on i
ndiv
idu-
als.
cond
uct
syst
emat
ic s
urve
ys a
head
of
deve
lopm
ent
as w
ell
as r
egio
nal
cove
rage
of
non-
surv
ey a
reas
to
enha
nce
the
capa
bili
ty f
or p
redi
c-ti
ve m
odel
ling
1.1.
Im
mov
able
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
1.2.
His
tori
c si
tes
the
hist
oric
fab
ric
of N
oum
éa o
ffer
sso
me
hist
oric
bui
ldin
gs,
usua
lly
wit
h m
odif
icat
ions
and
add
itio
ns,
occa
sion
ally
wit
h de
leti
ons
of t
heor
nam
enta
l w
orks
som
e do
cum
enta
tion
and
res
earc
hin
to t
his
heri
tage
has
com
men
ced
som
e hi
stor
ic f
abri
c da
ting
to
the
Wor
ld W
ar I
I pe
riod
, as
wel
l as
som
eof
the
coa
stal
def
ence
ins
tall
atio
nsst
ill
exis
ts
the
deve
lopm
ent
boom
of
the
1970
s an
d ea
rly
1980
s sa
w m
ost
of t
he h
isto
ric
colo
nial
fab
ric
ofN
oum
ea d
isap
pear
or
bein
gm
odif
ied
to s
uit
mod
ern
tast
es
Whi
le N
ew C
aled
onia
pla
yed
asi
gnif
ican
t ro
le a
s a
R&
R b
ase
and
stag
ing
post
s du
ring
WW
IIan
d w
hile
the
US
inv
olve
men
tha
s le
d to
a c
reat
ion
of a
car
gocu
lt-l
ike
men
tali
ty a
mon
g so
me
Kan
aks
eage
r to
fin
d a
wes
tern
alte
rnat
ive
to t
he F
renc
hhe
gem
ony
mos
t of
the
bui
ldin
gst
ock
and
the
site
s ha
ve b
een
negl
ecte
d an
d/or
bei
ng d
emol
-is
hed
(suc
h as
the
for
mer
US
head
quar
ters
and
SP
C b
uild
ing)
cond
uct
a tr
aini
ng w
orks
hop
on h
is-
tori
c si
tes
and
site
man
agem
ent
for
the
mun
icip
al g
over
nmen
tsco
veri
ng I
CO
MO
S i
ssue
s as
wel
l as
appr
opri
ate
man
agem
ent
cond
uct
an a
sses
smen
t of
the
ext
ant
colo
nial
bui
ldin
g st
ock
and
cond
uct
a si
gnif
ican
ce a
sses
smen
t an
dm
anag
emen
t pl
an
1.1.
Im
mov
able
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
1.3.
Set
tlem
ent
patt
erns
and
vill
age
lay-
out
1.1.
Im
mov
able
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
1.4.
Tra
diti
onal
sit
eson
goin
g id
enti
fica
tion
wit
h tr
adi-
tion
al s
ites
trad
itio
nal
site
s or
cul
tura
lpr
acti
ces
are
the
pro
pert
y of
indi
vidu
als
and
trib
es o
f pe
ople
,w
hose
com
mon
app
roac
h in
the
past
has
bee
n to
rej
ect
shar
ing
this
inf
orm
atio
n w
ith
othe
rs;
trad
itio
nal
site
s —
as
oppo
sed
toar
chae
olog
ical
sit
es —
are
not
reco
rded
deve
lop
a le
vel
of t
rust
wit
h th
e la
ndow
ners
and
adv
ocat
e th
e de
vel-
opm
ent
of a
rec
ordi
ng s
truc
ture
wit
ha
Tab
u ro
om,
sim
ilar
to
the
set
up i
nV
anua
tu
mis
trus
t in
the
act
ions
of
the
Fre
nch
Sta
te (
as o
ppos
ed t
oth
e te
rrit
oria
l or
pro
vinc
ial
gove
rnm
ents
)
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia1.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
man
ifes
tatio
nsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 7
9 —
1.2.
Mov
eabl
e C
ul-
tura
l H
erit
age
1.2.
1. M
ater
ial
cul-
ture
/cra
fts
subs
tant
ial
and
prof
essi
onal
ly o
r-ga
nise
d pr
ogra
ms
for
arts
and
cra
fts;
resu
rfac
ing
and
reaf
firm
atio
n of
Kan
ak c
ultu
reT
he P
reco
nfig
urat
ion
du C
entr
e C
ul-
ture
l Je
an-M
arie
Tji
baou
act
ivel
ypr
omot
es c
onte
mpo
rary
int
erpr
e-ta
tion
s of
Kan
ak a
rt t
radi
tion
s an
dst
ages
eve
nts
1.2.
Mov
eabl
e C
ul-
tura
l H
erit
age
1.2.
2. H
isto
ric
mat
eria
l
1.2.
Mov
eabl
e C
ul-
tura
l H
erit
age
1.2.
3. A
rchi
val
docu
men
ts
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.1.
Lan
d te
nure
mos
t of
the
lan
d on
the
mai
n is
land
(Gra
nde
Ter
re)
has
been
ali
enat
eddu
ring
the
Fre
nch
colo
nial
adm
in-
istr
atio
n w
ith
som
e le
ss u
tili
sabl
ela
nd l
eft
as 'r
eser
vati
ons'
for
Kan
akpe
ople
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.2.
Gen
ealo
gies
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.3.
Lin
guis
tics
The
re a
re 2
8 la
ngua
ges
spok
en i
nN
ew C
aled
onia
, 22
of
whi
ch o
n th
em
ain
isla
nd (
Gra
nde
Ter
re).
The
lang
uage
s ar
e st
ill
very
muc
h us
edin
the
nor
ther
n an
d is
land
prov
ince
s.
The
adv
ent
of t
elev
isio
n is
see
nas
a d
etri
men
tal
infl
uenc
e w
ith
the
num
ber
of F
renc
h w
ords
incr
easi
ng r
apid
ly.
As
Fre
nch
is t
he l
angu
age
of i
n-st
ruct
ion
in s
choo
ls,
the
infl
u-en
ce o
f F
renc
h w
ill
incr
ease
.In
urb
an a
reas
man
y ch
ildr
en g
row
up w
ith
Fre
nch
bein
g th
eir
firs
tla
ngua
ge.
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.4.
Ora
l tr
adit
ions
oral
tra
diti
ons
and
perf
orm
ance
s ar
est
ill
very
str
ong
in t
he n
orth
ern
and
isla
nds
prov
ince
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia1.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
man
ifes
tatio
nsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 8
0 —
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.5.
Per
form
ance
tra
di-
tio
ns
The
Pre
conf
igur
atio
n du
Cen
tre
Cul
-tu
rel
Jean
-Mar
ie T
jiba
ou a
ctiv
ely
prom
otes
con
tem
pora
ry i
nter
pre-
tati
ons
of K
anak
per
form
ance
trad
itio
ns a
nd s
tage
s ev
ents
lim
ited
pub
lic
educ
atio
n an
dpr
omot
ion
of K
anak
cul
ture
for
fear
of
‘com
mer
cial
isat
ion’
or
‘fol
klor
isat
ion’
of
that
cul
ture
.T
his
void
has
bee
n fi
lled
by
Pol
ynes
ian
grou
ps,
now
dom
i-na
ting
the
flo
or s
how
s in
hot
els
The
tou
rism
dev
elop
men
t ag
ency
of t
he s
outh
ern
prov
ince
acti
vely
pro
mot
es t
hede
velo
pmen
t of
a n
ew K
anak
perf
orm
ance
tra
diti
on w
hich
sbo
th v
arie
d an
d w
ith
piec
es o
fsh
orte
r du
rati
on,
suit
able
for
mar
keti
ng i
n to
uris
t ho
tels
the
com
plet
ion
of t
he C
entr
e C
ultu
rel
Jean
-Mar
ie T
jiba
ou w
ill
prov
ide
ave
nue
to s
tage
suc
h ev
ents
on
are
gula
r ba
sis
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.6.
Mus
icT
he P
reco
nfig
urat
ion
du C
entr
e C
ul-
ture
l Je
an-M
arie
Tji
baou
act
ivel
ypr
omot
es c
onte
mpo
rary
int
erpr
e-ta
tion
s of
Kan
ak M
usic
and
sta
ges
even
tsa
mod
ern
inte
rpre
tati
on a
nd f
orm
of
Kan
ak m
usic
has
see
n a
dram
atic
rise
in
popu
lari
ty,
star
ting
in
1985
the
com
plet
ion
of t
he C
entr
e C
ultu
rel
Jean
-Mar
ie T
jiba
ou w
ill
prov
ide
ave
nue
to s
tage
suc
h ev
ents
on
are
gula
r ba
sis
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.7.
Tra
diti
onal
obl
iga-
tion
s/ex
chan
ge s
yste
ms
The
tra
diti
onal
exc
hang
e an
d ob
li-
gati
on s
yste
ms
are
stil
l en
tren
ched
in t
he n
orth
ern
and
isla
nds
prov
ince
s, e
ven
thou
gh t
he g
ood
exch
ange
d ar
e ad
apti
ng t
o m
oder
nne
eds
and
avai
labi
lity
of
good
s
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia1.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
man
ifes
tatio
nsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
— 8
1 —
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.8.
Tra
diti
onal
pol
itic
alsy
stem
s(h
iera
rchi
es/c
hief
lyst
ruct
ures
etc
..)
a sy
stem
for
dec
isio
ns o
n br
each
es o
fcu
stom
ary
law
is
in p
lace
wit
h th
ecr
eati
on o
f th
e ho
use
of c
hief
sth
e co
nven
tion
al w
este
rn c
ourt
syst
em i
s al
so i
n pl
ace,
and
vic
tim
sca
n ch
oose
the
ven
ue f
or t
hese
ttle
men
t of
the
ir g
riev
ance
s
not
all
offe
nces
can
be
deal
t w
ith
by t
he t
radi
tion
al l
aw s
yste
m (
iem
urde
r et
c.)
the
trad
itio
nal
mod
e of
dis
pute
sett
lem
ent
was
bas
ed o
nco
mm
unit
y de
cisi
ons
and
grou
p/co
mm
unit
y be
nefi
tsw
ith
the
incr
easi
ngin
divi
dual
isat
ion
of
Kan
ak l
ife
this
gro
up d
ecis
ion
mak
ing
isbe
com
ing
less
acc
epta
ble.
for
exam
ple,
tra
diti
onal
ly r
ape
case
s w
ere
com
pens
ated
by
the
offe
nder
's g
roup
, w
hile
now
rap
evi
ctim
s, e
ncou
rage
d by
urb
anw
omen
's m
ovem
ents
, ar
e le
ssli
kely
to
be a
ccep
ting
of
thes
eso
luti
ons
and
pres
s fo
r ch
arge
sto
be
laid
in
the
Fre
nch
civi
lco
urts
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
-tu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
3.9.
Tra
diti
onal
ski
lls
and
know
ledg
e
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
82
—
2.1.
Her
itag
e P
olic
y2.
1.1.
Att
itud
e to
Pol
icy
ther
e is
a s
ense
tha
t a
cult
ural
pol
icy
coul
d be
dev
elop
ed,
but
that
at
this
poin
t in
tim
e of
rap
id c
hang
e an
dco
nsta
nt r
eadj
ustm
ent
of p
rior
itie
ssu
ch a
pol
icy
coul
d be
to
rest
rict
ive
to a
deg
ree
the
cult
ural
pol
icy
isde
fine
d in
the
act
est
abli
shin
g th
eA
genc
e de
dev
elop
pem
ent
de l
aC
ultu
re K
anak
(A
DC
K)
the
lack
of
poli
cy a
nd t
he l
ack
ofa
com
mit
men
t to
pol
icy
dise
n-fr
anch
ises
the
les
s vo
cal
agen
cies
of
an a
ctiv
e ro
le i
n th
esh
apin
g of
the
new
New
Cal
edon
iath
e la
ck o
f ag
reed
pol
icy
also
mak
es p
rogr
am d
evel
opm
ent
muc
h m
ore
subj
ect
to i
ndiv
idua
lfu
ndin
g pr
essu
res
and
grad
ual
subv
ersi
on o
f de
als
form
erly
espo
used
cons
ider
hol
ding
a n
atio
nal
cult
ural
con
vent
ion
to c
anva
s th
evi
ews
of a
ll t
he p
rovi
nces
,cu
ltur
e ar
eas
and
imm
igra
ntgr
oups
2.1.
Her
itag
e P
olic
y2.
1.2.
Nat
iona
l H
erit
age
Pol
icy
ther
e is
nat
iona
l F
renc
h (S
tate
) cu
l-tu
ral
poli
cy,
whi
ch a
lso
appl
ies
toN
ew C
aled
onia
the
Fre
nch
Hig
hC
omm
issi
oner
has
lim
ited
fle
xibi
l-it
y to
adj
ust
the
Fre
nch
Sta
tepo
lici
es t
o th
e N
ew C
aled
onia
nsi
tuat
ion
to a
ssis
t lo
cal
init
iati
ves
sinc
e th
e cu
ltur
e an
d po
liti
cs a
recl
osel
y in
terw
oven
, a
push
for
self
-det
erm
inat
ion
may
res
ult
incu
ltur
e be
ing,
onc
e ag
ain,
am
ains
trea
m c
onsi
dera
tion
the
fear
of
a ne
gati
ve o
utco
me
of a
refe
rend
um c
reat
es p
ress
ures
amon
g th
e N
ew C
aled
onia
esta
blis
hmen
t to
arr
ive
at a
nego
tiat
ed o
utco
me
as c
ultu
re a
nd p
olit
ics
are
clos
ely
inte
rwov
en,
whi
chm
ay c
reat
e a
back
lash
if
cult
ural
her
itag
e m
anag
e-m
ent
beco
mes
too
pol
iti-
cise
d
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
83
—
2.1.
Her
itag
e P
olic
y2.
1.2.
Ter
rito
rial
Her
itag
eP
olic
yth
e pr
ovis
ions
of
the
Mat
igno
n ac
-co
rd,
whi
ch s
tipu
late
tha
t K
anak
cult
ure
be r
ecog
nise
d as
vit
al f
orN
ew C
aled
onia
and
tha
t th
ere
is a
need
to
bala
nce
out
the
prev
ious
supp
ort
sole
ly g
iven
to
met
ropo
li-
tan
Fre
nch
and
Cal
doch
esT
he M
atig
non
acco
rd i
s se
en a
s th
eba
sis
for
cult
ural
pol
icy
mak
ing
to a
deg
ree
the
cult
ural
pol
icy
isde
fine
d in
the
act
est
abli
shin
g th
eA
genc
e de
dev
elop
pem
ent
de l
aC
ultu
re K
anak
(A
DC
K)
by d
efin
ing
as i
ts f
unct
ions
to
(a)
give
val
ue t
oK
anak
arc
haeo
logi
cal,
eth
nolo
gica
lan
d li
ngui
stic
her
itag
e; (
b) t
oen
cour
age
cont
empo
rary
for
ms
ofK
anak
cul
ture
; (c)
to d
efin
e an
dco
nduc
t re
sear
ch p
rogr
amm
es o
nK
anak
cul
ture
; and
(d)
to b
uild
and
pref
igur
e th
e C
entr
e C
ultu
rel
Jean
-M
arie
Tji
baou
the
FN
KS
has
ide
as o
n cu
ltur
al p
olic
yw
hich
in
part
im
plem
ente
d by
the
AD
CK
a co
unci
l of
chi
efs
has
been
est
ab-
lish
ed w
hich
com
men
ts o
n al
l le
g-is
lati
ve p
ropo
sals
aff
ecti
ng K
anak
cult
ure,
and
whi
ch b
y it
s ac
tion
s an
dth
e in
terp
reta
tion
the
reof
) cr
eate
s a
set
of n
on w
ritt
en c
ultu
ral
poli
cyst
atem
ents
lack
of
a fo
rmul
ated
ter
rito
rial
cult
ural
pol
icy
lack
of
coor
dina
tion
of
poli
cy e
f-fo
rts
resu
ltin
g in
a v
ario
us i
n-te
rpre
tati
ons
of t
he i
nten
t of
the
Mat
igno
n ac
cord
sno
t on
ly d
o th
e di
ffer
ent
agen
cies
deve
lop
thei
r ow
n in
ter-
pret
atio
ns o
f th
e in
tent
, bu
t al
soth
e va
riou
s cu
ltur
al g
roup
s(K
anak
, M
etro
poli
tan
Fre
nch,
Cal
doch
es a
nd P
olyn
esia
n/ot
her
imm
igra
nts)
elec
ted
offi
cial
s ha
ve v
ery
litt
le(a
ctiv
e) i
nter
est
in t
he c
ultu
ral
cent
re o
r th
e m
useu
m
deve
lop
a te
rrit
oria
l cu
ltur
al h
erit
age
man
agem
ent
plan
whi
ch d
efin
es t
heta
sk o
f th
e va
riou
s ag
enci
es a
ndw
hich
est
abli
shes
a c
lim
ate
of c
o-op
erat
ion,
rat
her
than
coh
abit
atio
n
2.1.
Her
itag
e P
olic
y2.
1.2.
Nat
iona
l(T
erri
tori
al)
Her
itag
eP
olic
y --
ove
rall
pol
icy
issu
es
Peo
ple
incr
easi
ngly
und
erst
and
the
need
to
shar
e fo
r a
poli
cy a
nd m
odus
viva
ndi
whi
ch a
ccom
mod
ates
bot
hsi
des
of t
he e
quat
ion
the
chan
ged
glob
al s
itua
tion
, w
ith
the
redu
ctio
n of
bip
olar
pol
itic
s(U
SA v
s U
SSR
) ha
s m
ade
inde
-pe
nden
ce m
ovem
ents
and
the
tran
siti
on t
o de
colo
nisa
tion
mor
eco
mpl
ex a
s ec
onom
ic c
onsi
dera
-ti
ons
have
com
e to
the
for
e
this
ide
al i
s no
t sh
ared
by
all,
and
som
e el
emen
ts o
f th
e F
LN
KS
supp
ort
the
view
tha
t a
futu
reK
anak
y sh
ould
be
for
Kan
aks
on
ly
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
84
—
2.1.
Her
itag
e P
olic
y2.
1.3.
Ins
titu
-ti
onal
/Dep
artm
enta
l po
l-ic
y
each
age
ncy
and
depa
rtm
ent,
stat
e,te
rrit
oria
l an
d pr
ovin
cial
has
its
own
inte
rpre
tati
on o
f th
e M
atig
non
acco
rd
at p
rese
nt t
he u
nwri
tten
cul
tura
lpo
licy
of
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
is t
oat
trac
t pe
ople
to
Kan
ak c
ultu
re
lack
of
coor
dina
tion
of
the
ac-
tion
s an
d po
lici
es o
f th
e va
riou
sel
emen
ts i
nvol
ved
in t
he c
ultu
ral
heri
tage
fie
ld i
n N
ew C
aled
onia
a the
lack
of
a sy
stem
atic
pol
icy
mak
ing
exer
cise
im
plie
s th
at t
hecu
ltur
al c
entr
e op
erat
es i
n a
vacu
um,
reli
ant
on t
he l
ead-
ersh
ip o
f si
ngle
ind
ivid
ual
the
2.1.
Her
itag
e P
olic
y2.
1.4.
P
rovi
ncia
l/D
istr
ict
Pol
icy
Ski
lls
and
fund
ing
are
ofte
n li
m-
ited
to
the
Ter
rito
rial
lev
el,
mea
ning
tha
t th
e P
rovi
nces
hav
eto
app
roac
h th
e te
rrit
oria
lag
ency
for
ass
ista
nce
on p
olic
yfo
rmat
ion
etc;
Div
isio
n of
ski
lls
on t
his
basi
sca
n pe
rpet
uate
mis
unde
r-st
andi
ng/l
ack
of k
now
ledg
e of
cult
ure
on t
he p
rovi
ncia
l le
vel
and
prev
ent
info
rmat
ion
from
bein
g tr
ansm
itte
d to
the
bro
ader
com
mun
ity
thro
ugh
the
inst
rum
ents
of
the
Ter
ri-
tory
/Sta
te v
ia i
nsti
tuti
onal
ised
educ
atio
n an
d pu
blic
med
ia.
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.1.
App
ropr
iate
ness
all
thre
e pr
ovin
ces
have
in
plac
ehe
rita
ge a
cts
whi
ch d
eal
wit
h th
em
anag
emen
t of
arc
haeo
logi
cal
and
trad
itio
nal
arte
fact
s.A
t th
e te
rrit
oria
l le
vel
Fre
nch
Sta
tela
w a
ppli
es
ther
e is
no
legi
slat
ion
whi
chgo
vern
s th
e ac
tion
s of
the
ter
-ri
tori
al g
over
nmen
tle
gisl
atio
n is
bei
ng p
asse
d w
ith-
out
prov
idin
g an
all
ocat
ion
for
reso
urce
s (b
oth
fina
ncia
l an
dst
affi
ng)
it w
ould
be
appr
opri
ate
to d
evel
op a
unif
orm
ter
rito
rial
law
whi
ch a
p-pl
ies
to a
ll p
rovi
nces
. th
is b
ase
law
coul
d be
enh
ance
d by
pro
vinc
ial
lim
itat
ions
/res
tric
tion
whi
ch g
obe
yond
the
ter
rito
rial
law
unle
ss a
n te
rrit
oria
l cu
ltur
alpo
licy
has
bee
n de
velo
ped,
the
heri
tage
pro
tect
ion
legi
slat
ion
wil
l op
erat
e in
apo
licy
vac
uum
wit
h a
lim
ited
man
date
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.2.
Lev
el o
f pr
otec
tion
the
legi
slat
ion
does
not
for
cede
velo
pers
to
pay
for
the
impa
ctas
sess
men
t (o
nly
one
case
was
succ
essf
ully
con
duct
ed)
revi
ew t
he c
urre
nt l
egis
lati
on a
ndde
velo
p a
terr
itor
ial
heri
tage
law
whi
ch g
over
ns t
he a
cts
of t
he h
er-
itag
e ag
ency
and
whi
ch e
nsur
es t
hat
pers
ons
prop
osin
g po
tent
iall
yim
pair
ing
acti
ons
have
to
pay
for
the
asse
ssm
ent
of t
hese
act
s
unw
illi
ngne
ss o
f th
e F
renc
hS
tate
/ter
rito
rial
gov
ern-
men
t to
tak
e on
the
lar
gein
vest
ors
in N
ew C
aled
onia
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.3.
Enf
orce
men
tth
ere
seem
s to
be
litt
le a
bili
ty t
oen
forc
e th
e he
rita
ge l
egis
lati
on
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
85
—
2.2.
Cul
tura
l H
er-
itag
e L
egis
lati
on2.
2.4.
Pro
tect
ion
of i
n-ta
ngib
le h
erit
age
exis
tenc
e of
a v
iabl
e an
d vi
bran
tin
tang
ible
cul
tura
l he
rita
ge;
docu
men
tati
on a
nd a
ctiv
e te
achi
ng o
fth
is h
erit
age
occu
rs /
is
plan
ned
ther
e ha
ve b
een
occa
sion
s w
here
the
inte
llec
tual
pro
pert
y of
Kan
ak i
cono
grap
hy h
as b
een
brea
ched
by
loca
l en
trep
rene
urs
this
is
seen
as
'nat
ural
' fre
e m
arke
tec
onom
y an
d th
us n
ot a
cau
se o
fco
ncer
n2.
2. C
ultu
ral
Her
-it
age
Leg
isla
tion
2.2.
5. R
esea
rch
Per
mit
sbe
ing
part
of
Fra
nce
the
legi
sla-
tion
doe
s no
t re
quir
e an
y re
-se
arch
per
mit
s (i
e an
yone
can
unde
rtak
e re
sear
ch)
cons
ider
dev
elop
ing
stan
dard
s fo
rre
sear
ch p
ropo
sals
/pro
ject
s to
ensu
re t
hat
they
do
not
crea
te u
neas
eam
ong
the
Kan
ak c
omm
unit
ies
2.3.
Her
itag
e P
lan-
nin
g2.
2.1.
Att
itud
e to
Pla
nnin
gth
e pl
anin
g ca
paci
ty e
xist
s in
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
as w
ell
as o
ther
gove
rnm
ent
agen
cies
it w
as a
rgue
d th
at t
he c
urre
ntcu
ltur
e of
cha
nge
does
not
cre
ate
a cl
imat
e fa
vour
able
of
syst
emat
ic p
lann
ing
like
the
lac
k of
a p
olic
y th
e la
ckof
a p
osit
ive
atti
tude
tow
ards
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
plan
ning
may
see
the
cul
tura
l he
rita
gefi
eld
beco
me
a po
liti
cal
foot
ball
impr
ove
the
abil
ity
and
prep
ared
ness
of t
he v
ario
us h
erit
age
man
agem
ent
agen
cies
to
take
her
itag
e pl
anni
ngse
riou
sly
and
to d
evel
op a
com
preh
ensi
ve h
erit
age
man
agem
ent
plan
the
stat
us q
uo o
f a
flui
dpl
anni
ng/m
anag
emen
ten
viro
nmen
t m
ay p
reve
ntex
ecut
ing
offi
cers
to
ac-
cept
s a
stri
ct p
lann
ing
regi
me
2.3.
Her
itag
e P
lan-
nin
g2.
2.2.
Nat
iona
l(T
erri
tori
al)
Lev
elP
lann
ing
cult
ure
play
s a
stro
ng p
art
in K
anak
soci
ety
(at
all
leve
ls);
exis
tenc
e of
the
Age
nce
de D
evel
-op
pem
ent
de l
a C
ultu
re K
anak
to
redr
ess
the
prev
ious
exc
lusi
vepr
omot
ion
of F
renc
h cu
ltur
e
info
rmal
coo
pera
tion
bet
wee
nag
enci
es o
ccur
s, b
ut t
his
does
not
exte
nt t
o m
ediu
m-t
erm
pla
nnin
gef
fort
s
adm
inis
trat
ive
stru
ctur
e w
ith
its
mul
tipl
e le
vels
of
conf
lict
ing
auth
orit
y is
an
impe
dim
ent
ther
e is
no
mul
ti-y
ear
cult
ural
heri
tage
pla
n in
pla
ce w
hich
wou
ld/c
ould
gui
de t
he e
ffor
ts o
fth
e va
riou
s ag
enci
es a
nd b
ring
them
int
o co
ncer
t
lack
of
form
al c
oord
inat
ion
of t
heag
enci
es a
ctiv
itie
s, e
ven
thou
ghin
form
al c
oope
rati
on o
ccur
s
deve
lop
a te
rrit
oria
l cu
ltur
al h
erit
age
man
agem
ent
plan
whi
ch d
efin
es t
heta
sks
of t
he v
ario
us a
genc
ies
and
whi
ch e
stab
lish
es a
cli
mat
e of
co-
oper
atio
n, r
athe
r th
an c
ohab
itat
ion
nega
tive
out
com
es o
f th
ere
fere
ndum
for
sel
f-de
-te
rmin
atio
n in
199
8 m
ayin
hibi
t fu
rthe
r pr
omot
ion
and
inte
grat
ion
of K
anak
cultu
re
2.3.
Her
itag
e P
lan-
nin
g2.
2.3.
Ins
titu
-ti
onal
/Dep
artm
enta
lP
lann
ing
The
re a
ppea
rs t
o be
lim
ited
ins
titu
-ti
onal
pla
nnin
g, u
sual
ly a
s pa
rt o
fth
e an
nual
bud
get
proc
ess
abse
nce
of a
sys
tem
atic
ins
ti-
tuti
onal
pla
nnin
g pr
oces
s (S
taff
deve
lopm
ent
plan
, in
fras
truc
ture
plan
, re
sear
ch p
lan
etc)
.
empo
wer
the
age
ncie
s to
dev
elop
asy
stem
atic
pla
nnin
g pr
oces
s w
hich
allo
ws
a m
ulti
-yea
r de
velo
pmen
t of
the
staf
f ba
se a
nd i
ts o
pera
tion
s
lack
of
plan
ning
eth
os i
nex
ecut
ive
posi
tion
s
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
86
—
2.3.
Her
itag
e P
lan-
nin
g2.
2.4.
P
rovi
ncia
l/D
istr
ict
Lev
el P
lann
ing
the
prov
ince
s ha
ve a
pos
itiv
e at
titu
deto
war
ds p
lann
ing
adm
inis
trat
ive
stru
ctur
e w
ith
its
mul
tipl
e le
vels
of
conf
lict
ing
auth
orit
yth
e go
od i
nten
tion
s of
the
prov
ince
s on
ly r
arel
y ar
etr
ansf
orm
ed i
nto
acti
ons
beca
use
the
prov
ince
s la
ck t
he a
bili
ty,
skil
ls a
nd e
xper
ienc
e to
con
duct
plan
ning
exe
rcis
es
the
terr
itor
ial
gove
rnm
ent
pro-
vide
s th
e st
imul
us a
nd t
hepr
ovin
ces
reac
t to
the
sti
mul
usw
ith
a se
ries
of
ad h
oc p
lann
ing
deci
sion
s
cond
uct
a na
tion
al p
lani
ng p
ro-
gram
me
at t
he p
rovi
ncia
l le
vel
toco
ordi
nate
the
act
ivit
ies
of t
heva
riou
s he
rita
ge a
genc
ies
and
toem
pow
er t
he p
rovi
nces
to
bepr
oact
ive
in t
heir
pla
nnin
g
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.1.
Nat
iona
l(T
erri
tori
al)
Gov
ernm
ent
Sub
stan
tial
fin
anci
al s
uppo
rt b
y th
eF
renc
h S
tate
, en
suri
ng t
hat
the
AD
CK
has
no
imm
edia
te f
undi
ngpr
oble
ms;
subs
tant
ial
inve
stm
ent
in p
roje
cts
and
prog
ram
mes
inc
ludi
ng k
eycu
ltur
al f
acil
itie
s
unce
rtai
nty
abou
t th
e le
vel
offu
ndin
g pr
ovid
ed b
y th
eF
renc
h S
tate
aft
er 1
998
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.2.
NG
O's
the
Vie
tnam
ese
com
mun
ity
esta
b-li
shed
a s
elf-
fund
ed V
ietn
ames
ecu
ltur
al c
entr
eth
e P
olyn
esia
n co
mm
unit
y li
kew
ise
has
a se
lf-f
unde
d cu
ltur
al c
entr
e
desp
ite
a pr
esen
ce o
f se
lf-f
unde
dco
mm
unit
y cu
ltur
al c
entr
es i
tw
as a
sser
ted
that
the
re a
re n
ocu
ltur
al h
erit
age
NG
O's
of
rele
vanc
e in
New
Cal
edon
ia
impr
ove
the
coop
erat
ion
of t
heva
riou
s cu
ltur
al c
entr
es a
nd f
acil
itat
eth
eir
incl
usio
n in
to a
n um
brel
lacu
ltur
al p
olic
y
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.3.
Reg
iona
l he
rita
gebo
dies
Fran
ce is
a m
embe
r of
UN
ESC
O, b
utN
ew C
aled
onia
, whi
le i
nfor
med
of
the
UN
ES
CO
act
ivit
ies,
is
not
abe
nefi
ciar
y of
the
UN
ES
CO
gra
nts
and
fund
ing
opti
ons
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.4.
Gra
nt w
riti
ng s
kill
sex
cell
ent
gran
t w
riti
ng s
kill
s by
the
head
of
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
the
gran
t w
riti
ng s
kill
s se
em t
obe
lim
ited
a s
ingl
e pe
rson
as
wel
l as
con
trac
ted
cons
ulta
nts
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
87
—
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.5.
Pri
vate
Sec
tor
a m
arit
ime
mus
eum
is
plan
ned
for
Nou
méa
, whi
ch w
ill b
e fu
nded
by
apr
ivat
e op
erat
or w
ith
assi
stan
cefr
om t
he N
oum
éa C
ham
ber
ofC
omm
erce
a nu
mbe
r of
her
itag
e gu
ides
exi
st w
hota
ke g
roup
of
tour
ists
thr
ough
Nou
méa
and
exp
lain
the
his
tory
of
the
tow
ns a
nd t
he b
uild
ings
the
sout
hern
pro
vinc
e ha
s in
pla
ce a
deve
lopm
ent
assi
stan
ce s
chem
ew
hich
per
mit
s to
ur o
pera
tors
to
set
up a
bus
ines
sth
e sa
me
sche
me
allo
ws
Kan
akcu
ltur
al g
roup
s, s
uch
as a
dan
ceco
mpa
ny,
to s
et u
p a
busi
ness
.F
undi
ng i
s pr
ovid
ed f
or o
ne y
ear,
then
the
com
pany
mus
t be
sel
ffu
ndin
g. S
uch
supp
ort
mus
t be
ade
velo
pmen
t pr
ojec
t
the
cult
ural
her
itag
e re
late
d pr
i-va
te s
ecto
r ap
pear
s to
wor
k in
com
peti
tion
rat
her
in c
oope
ra-
tio
n.
priv
ate
sect
or c
lear
ly f
ocus
sed
onth
e E
urop
ean
heri
tage
ele
men
tsw
ith
litt
le i
nter
est
in o
rco
oper
atio
n w
ith
the
Kan
akcu
lture
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
1. R
egio
nal
Co-
oper
a-ti
on,
form
al c
hann
els
a le
vel
of s
ub-r
egio
nal
co-o
pera
tion
is a
lrea
dy i
n pl
ace,
by
occa
sion
ally
exch
angi
ng s
ite
surv
ey/f
ield
offi
cers
bet
wee
n V
anua
tu a
nd N
ewC
aled
onia
the
new
cul
tura
l ce
ntre
has
a r
egio
nal
advi
sory
bod
y (i
nc.
Van
uatu
and
PNG
)
lim
ited
pro
fici
ency
of
the
Eng
lish
lang
uage
at
low
er l
evel
s of
the
adm
inis
trat
ion
inhi
bits
reg
iona
lex
chan
ge (
wit
h th
e no
tabl
eex
cept
ion
of V
anua
tu)
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
2. R
egio
nal
Co-
oper
a-ti
on,
info
rmal
cha
nnel
sex
tens
ive
coop
erat
ion
of t
he d
irec
tor
of t
he T
erri
tori
al M
useu
m a
ndP
reco
nfig
urat
ion
CC
JMT
wit
h ot
her
heri
tage
spe
cial
ists
, oc
curr
ing
duri
ng t
he r
egio
nal
mee
ting
s of
PIM
A, P
RE
MO
etc
.
loca
l N
ew C
aled
onia
n in
vest
men
t in
Van
uatu
(E
g V
anua
tu T
V is
ow
ned
bya
New
Cal
edon
ian
com
pany
)
ther
e ap
pear
s to
be
an i
ncre
asin
gnu
mbe
r of
ni-
Van
uatu
wor
king
in N
ew C
aled
onia
. th
e hi
gher
wag
es p
aid
in N
ew C
aled
onia
coul
d cr
eate
a b
rain
dra
in o
ftr
aine
d ni
-Van
uatu
to
Nou
méa
whi
ch m
ay a
ffec
t th
e vi
abil
ity
ofso
me
heri
tage
tra
inin
gin
itia
tive
s in
Van
uatu
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
88
—
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
3. A
genc
y co
-ope
ra-
tio
nth
e A
DC
K a
s a
publ
ic i
nsti
tuti
onun
der
Fre
nch
law
is
gove
rned
by
abo
ard
of d
irec
tors
and
has
tw
oad
viso
ry c
omm
itte
es,
the
cult
ural
com
mit
tee
and
scie
ntif
ic c
omm
itte
eof
10
mem
bers
eac
h, b
oth
and
appo
inte
d by
the
Fre
nch
Hig
hC
omm
issi
oner
on
the
advi
ce t
heA
DC
K B
oard
of
Dir
ecto
rsth
e cu
ltur
al c
omm
itte
e of
is
draw
nre
pres
enta
tive
s of
Kan
ak c
ultu
ral
and
yout
h as
soci
atio
ns
Thr
ee t
iers
of
man
agem
ent
are
crea
ted
thro
ugh
the
poli
tica
l or
gani
sati
onof
Gov
ernm
ent
on a
Sta
te l
evel
, a
Ter
rito
rial
lev
el,
and
a P
rovi
ncia
lle
vel
crea
te a
con
flic
ting
man
agem
ent
stru
ctur
e. D
iffe
rent
aspe
cts
of m
anag
emen
t of
one
part
icul
ar t
ype
of h
erit
age
reso
urce
are
carr
ied
out
on e
ach
of t
hree
leve
ls s
tate
d ab
ove
Cur
rent
pro
gram
mes
suc
h as
the
Nat
iona
l F
esti
val
of t
he A
rts
are
coll
abor
ated
on
by b
oth
terr
itor
ial
and
prov
inci
al a
genc
ies
the
new
cul
tura
l cen
tre
and
the
mu-
seum
wil
l de
velo
p a
plan
for
fut
ure
coop
erat
ion
and
shar
ing
of s
kill
sat
pre
sent
the
mus
eum
foc
uses
on
the
mat
eria
l cul
ture
whi
le th
e A
DC
Kco
llec
ts o
ral-
trad
itio
ns a
nd n
on-
,mat
eria
l w
orks
of
art
this
is
very
muc
h a
poli
tica
l is
sue,
whi
ch h
as n
ot b
een
addr
esse
d as
yet
adm
inis
trat
ive
stru
ctur
e w
ith
its
mul
tipl
e le
vels
of
conf
lict
ing
auth
orit
y;a
sing
le d
isci
plin
e (i
e ar
chae
ol-
ogy)
is
spli
t in
to r
esea
rch,
car
-ri
ed b
y th
e F
renc
h S
tate
via
OR
STO
M)
and
man
agem
ent,
carr
ied
out
by t
he p
rovi
ncia
lgo
vern
men
ts v
ia t
he M
useu
m.
Thu
s cr
oss-
fert
ilis
atio
n is
who
lly
depe
nden
t on
ind
ivid
uals
ther
e is
a d
ange
r th
at t
he m
useu
mw
ill
be d
evel
oped
to
repr
esen
ton
ly t
he p
ast,
whi
le t
he c
ultu
ral
cent
re w
ill
be a
ddre
ssin
g on
lyco
ntem
pora
ry i
ssue
s, t
here
bycr
eati
ng a
n ar
tifi
cial
spl
it i
n th
ehe
rita
ge a
nd c
ultu
ral
cont
inuu
m,
exac
erba
ting
man
agem
ent
prob
lem
s an
d co
mm
unal
atti
tude
s w
hich
are
int
eres
ted
inm
akin
g a
'cle
an' b
reak
' wit
h th
epa
st
posi
tive
out
com
es o
f th
e re
fere
ndum
for
self
-det
erm
inat
ion
in 1
998
may
be u
sed
alte
r th
e cu
rren
t ad-
min
istr
ativ
e st
ruct
ures
impr
ove
the
inte
grat
ion
Fre
nch
Sta
te-
fund
ed a
nd c
ontr
olle
d re
sear
ch w
ith
the
man
agem
ent
man
date
of
the
mus
eum
nega
tive
out
com
es o
f th
ere
fere
ndum
for
sel
f-de
-te
rmin
atio
n in
199
8 m
ayin
hibi
t fu
rthe
r pr
omot
ion
and
inte
grat
ion
of K
anak
cultu
re
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
89
—
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
4. C
entr
al c
o-or
dina
-ti
on o
f he
rita
ge e
ffor
ts.
the
heri
tage
age
ncie
s of
the
ter
ri-
tori
al g
over
nmen
t an
d th
e pr
ovin
-ci
al g
over
nmen
t co
-ope
rate
on
anin
form
al b
ass
only
chan
ges
in p
rovi
ncia
l go
vern
-m
ents
hav
e br
ough
t ab
out
chan
ges
in p
olic
y w
hich
aff
ecte
dth
e co
-ope
rati
on o
f th
eag
enci
es.
the
lack
of
form
al c
o-op
erat
ion
and
the
reli
ance
of
indi
vidu
als
mak
es t
he l
ong-
term
man
age-
men
t su
bjec
t to
pol
itic
al s
tabi
l-it
y an
d co
ntin
uity
of
pers
onne
lin
pos
itio
ns2.
5. H
erit
age
Age
ncie
s2.
5.5.
NG
Os
ther
e ar
e a
few
NG
Os
or c
omm
unity
orga
nisa
tion
s w
ho a
ctiv
ely
assi
stco
mm
unit
y m
embe
rs (
eg V
iet-
nam
ese
and
Pol
ynes
ian)
ther
e ar
e no
NG
O's
act
ivel
y in
-vo
lved
in
the
heri
tage
man
-ag
emen
t fi
eld
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
6. D
ecen
tral
isat
ion
ofhe
rita
ge m
anag
emen
t.fo
llow
ing
the
Fre
nch
Sta
te m
odel
the
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
in N
ewC
aled
onia
is
very
hea
vily
cen
-tr
alis
ed
som
e au
thor
ity
has
been
giv
en t
oth
e pr
ovin
ces
to d
eter
min
e th
eir
own
poli
cies
, bu
t th
e la
ck o
ffu
ndin
g to
go
wit
h th
e au
thor
ity
has
mea
nt a
str
ong
reli
ance
on
the
terr
itor
ial
auth
orit
ies
inN
oum
éa2.
5. H
erit
age
Age
ncie
s2.
5.7.
Int
erac
tion
of
loca
lw
ith
cent
ral
auth
orit
ies
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
8. L
ocal
inv
olve
men
t
2.6.
Key
Sta
ke-
hold
ers
2.6.
1. G
over
nmen
t de
vel-
opm
ent
agen
cies
gove
rnm
ent
cult
ural
and
eco
nom
icde
velo
pmen
t ag
enci
es a
re r
un b
y th
epr
ovin
ces.
Tou
rism
dev
elop
men
tha
s be
en h
igh
on t
he a
gend
a of
the
sout
hern
pro
vinc
e, w
ho c
alle
d fo
r a
mee
ting
to
deve
lop
a K
anak
tou
rism
prod
uct
the
cult
ural
sen
siti
vity
of
the
deve
lopm
ent
agen
cies
see
ms
tobe
in
need
of
deve
lopm
ent
2.6.
Key
Sta
ke-
hold
ers
2.6.
2. L
ocal
Com
mun
itie
s
2.6.
Key
Sta
ke-
hold
ers
2.6.
3. D
evel
oper
s
2.6.
Key
Sta
ke-
hold
ers
2.6.
4. R
elig
ious
Ins
titu
-ti
on
s
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
90
—
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.1.
Edu
cati
on p
olic
yth
e M
atig
non
acco
rd d
efin
es t
heex
tent
of
educ
atio
nal
poli
cy,
whi
ch,
as w
ith
cult
ural
pol
icy
prop
er,
is l
eft
to t
he i
nter
pret
atio
n of
the
exe
cuti
ngag
enci
es
no f
orm
al w
ritt
en e
duca
tion
alpo
licy
has
bee
n de
velo
ped
for
New
Cal
edon
ia.
The
sec
onda
ry s
choo
l sy
stem
is
cont
roll
ed b
y th
e F
renc
h S
tate
who
app
ears
to
be i
nfle
xibl
e an
dim
pose
s a
nati
onal
cur
ricu
lum
.3.
1. F
orm
al E
duca
-ti
on
3.1.
2. C
urri
culu
m D
evel
-op
men
tcu
ltur
e pl
ays
a st
rong
par
t in
Kan
akso
ciet
y (a
t al
l le
vels
);no
im
med
iate
fun
ding
pro
blem
s;ex
iste
nce
of t
he A
genc
e de
Dev
el-
oppe
men
t de
la
Cul
ture
Kan
ak i
spo
sed
to r
edre
ss t
he p
revi
ous
excl
usiv
e pr
omot
ion
of F
renc
hcu
lture
whi
lst
rese
arch
(a
resp
onsi
bili
tyof
the
Ter
rito
rial
age
ncy)
is
publ
ishe
d an
d di
ssem
inat
ed o
nth
e sc
hola
rly
leve
l, th
is i
s no
ttr
ansm
itte
d to
the
bro
ader
com
mun
ity
as t
he s
kill
s to
car
ryth
is o
ut a
re n
ot a
vail
able
and
as
the
arch
aeol
ogis
ts a
ndan
thro
polo
gist
s ar
e un
able
or
unw
illi
ng t
o pe
rfor
m (
part
of)
this
tas
kth
ere
is n
o cu
rric
ulum
dev
elop
-m
ent
unit
sit
uate
d w
ithi
n th
eM
inis
try
for
Edu
cati
on c
apab
leof
ass
isti
ng w
ith
abov
e3.
1. F
orm
al E
duca
-ti
on
3.1.
3. P
rim
ary
Sch
ools
(str
uctu
re)
prim
ary
educ
atio
n is
the
res
pons
i-bi
lity
of
the
prov
ince
sIn
199
3 th
e pr
imar
y sc
hool
dis
tri-
buti
on w
as a
s fo
llow
sL
oyal
ty I
s P
rov
78 s
choo
lsN
orth
ern
Pro
v 92
sch
ools
Sou
ther
n P
rovi
nce
109
scho
ols
som
e of
the
se a
re p
rovi
ncia
l sc
hool
san
d co
ngre
gati
onal
sch
ools
prop
orti
on o
f at
tend
ance
of
cong
rega
tion
al s
choo
ls i
s hi
gher
in
the
Nor
ther
n an
d is
land
pro
vinc
es(~
40%
) th
an i
n th
e so
uthe
rnpr
ovin
ce ~
27%
)
the
cong
rega
tion
al s
choo
ls a
rem
ore
rece
ptiv
e of
the
nee
d to
incl
ude
trad
itio
nal
educ
atio
n in
the
curr
icul
um (
but
vari
es b
e-tw
een
cong
rega
tion
s an
d de
-no
min
atio
ns).
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
91
—
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.3.
Pri
mar
y S
choo
ls(l
angu
age
and
cult
ural
educ
atio
n)
terr
itor
ial
asse
mbl
y ha
s pa
ssed
a l
awth
at i
n pr
imar
y sc
hool
5 h
rs p
erw
eek
be d
edic
ated
to c
ultu
ral s
tudi
este
ache
rs c
an a
nd d
o co
-opt
loc
alel
ders
and
ski
lled
cra
ftsp
eopl
e to
assi
st i
n th
e te
achi
ng o
f th
e su
bjec
tm
atte
r
lang
uage
of
inst
ruct
ion
is F
renc
h
no p
rovi
sion
has
bee
n m
ade
tofu
rnis
h tr
aini
ng,
rese
arch
ers,
or
reso
urce
per
sons
, le
avin
gte
ache
rs t
o th
eir
own
devi
ces;
teac
hers
do
not
have
a b
udge
t to
pay
for
thes
e se
rvic
es,
the
impl
emen
tati
on r
elyi
ng o
n vo
l-un
tary
lab
our
Edu
cati
on o
n K
anak
cul
ture
is
carr
ied
out
very
lim
ited
in
the
Sou
ther
n P
rovi
nce,
ref
lect
ive
ofth
e po
liti
cal
real
itie
s at
han
d
man
y te
ache
rs a
re n
ot f
rom
the
loca
l co
mm
unit
ies
but
have
bee
npo
sted
the
re t
o of
fset
tea
cher
shor
tage
s. a
s a
resu
lt t
hey
have
litt
le i
f an
y kn
owle
dge
of t
helo
cal
cust
oms
man
y ch
ildr
en g
row
up
wit
hF
renc
h be
ing
the
firs
t la
ngua
gele
arnt
(ie
man
y of
tho
se i
nN
oum
éa),
dis
enfr
anch
ised
fro
mth
eir
own
cult
ural
upb
ring
ing.
the
28 d
iffe
rent
lan
guag
es t
ra-
diti
onal
ly s
poke
n in
New
Cal
e-do
nia
also
pre
sent
a p
robl
em i
nth
e co
mm
unic
atio
n of
inf
orm
a-ti
on t
hrou
ghou
t th
e T
erri
tory
.T
his
is s
een
as a
maj
or f
acto
rw
hy t
radi
tion
al c
ultu
re i
s no
tta
ught
in
scho
ols.
deve
lop
a st
ruct
ured
cur
ricu
lum
for
the
5hrs
/wee
k tr
adit
iona
l st
udie
sel
emen
t.pr
ovid
e fu
ndin
g fo
r th
e in
clus
ion
oftr
adit
iona
l el
ders
/ski
lled
cra
fts-
peop
le t
o gi
ve t
alks
and
dem
on-
stra
tion
s w
hich
the
tea
cher
s ca
nnot
give
cons
ider
alt
erna
tive
mea
ns o
f in
-st
ruct
ion
(suc
h as
rad
io/T
V/v
ideo
)
impr
ove
the
num
ber
of l
ocal
pri
mar
ysc
hool
tea
cher
s by
act
ivel
y re
-cr
uiti
ng q
uali
fied
stu
dent
s an
d by
prom
otin
g a
care
er i
n ed
ucat
ion
as a
mea
ns t
o fu
rthe
r K
anak
ide
ntit
y
it s
houl
d be
pos
sibl
e to
inc
orpo
rate
vern
acul
ar l
angu
ages
in
the
prim
ary
scho
ol c
urri
culu
m,
the
geog
raph
icsp
read
of
the
prim
ary
scho
ols
shou
ld f
acil
itat
e th
is (
wit
h th
eex
cept
ion
of N
oum
éa)
lack
of
poli
tica
l w
ill
by t
hete
rrit
oria
l sc
hool
aut
hori
-ti
es t
o pr
escr
ibe
a ve
r-na
cula
r la
ngua
ge c
urri
culu
m
impr
ove
the
num
ber
of l
ocal
prim
ary
scho
ol t
each
ers
byac
tive
ly r
ecru
itin
g qu
alif
ied
stud
ents
and
by
prom
otin
ga
care
er in
edu
cati
on a
s a
mea
ns t
o fu
rthe
r K
anak
iden
tity
lack
of
pres
tige
and
inc
ome
opti
ons
asso
ciat
ed w
ith
prim
ary
scho
ol e
duca
tion
(as
oppo
sed
to s
econ
dary
scho
ol t
each
ing)
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
92
—
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.4.
Sec
onda
ry S
choo
lsth
e se
cond
ary
scho
ol c
urri
culu
m a
ndsy
stem
fol
low
s th
e F
renc
h sy
stem
and
is c
ontr
olle
d by
the
Fre
nch
Sta
te.
In 1
993
the
seco
ndar
y sc
hool
dis
-tr
ibut
ion
was
as
foll
ows
Loy
alty
Is
Pro
vinc
e 9
scho
ols
Nor
ther
n P
rovi
nce
16 s
choo
lsS
outh
ern
Pro
vinc
e 33
sch
ools
Mos
t te
ache
rs h
ave
been
rec
ruit
edfr
om F
ranc
e, t
here
by d
imin
ishi
ngth
e li
keli
hood
of
inco
rpor
atin
gtr
adit
iona
l el
emen
ts i
nto
the
cur-
ricu
lum
atte
ndan
ce o
f se
cond
ary
scho
ols
isco
mpu
lsor
y (u
ntil
the
age
of
16)
Sec
onda
ry s
choo
ls a
re o
pen
toK
anak
s on
ly s
ince
195
6
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.4a
. P
rim
ary/
Sec
onda
ryS
choo
ls-E
PK
In 1
984
a se
ries
of
scho
ols
was
open
ed i
n a
bid
to l
ocal
ise
the
enti
resc
hool
cur
ricu
lum
fro
m p
rim
ary
tose
cond
ary
scho
ol T
hese
Éco
les
Pop
ulai
res
Kan
ak (
EP
K)
wer
e no
tsu
ppor
ted
or f
ully
rec
ogni
sed
by t
heF
renc
h G
over
nmen
t
a ve
rnac
ular
Kan
ak c
urri
culu
mtr
ial
(fro
m p
rim
ary
scho
ol o
n-w
ards
) w
as s
een
as a
fai
lure
as
the
chil
dren
cou
ld n
ot m
ove
onto
fur
ther
edu
cati
onth
e cu
rric
ulum
mod
el u
sed
saw
vern
acul
ar l
angu
age
used
ex-
clus
ivel
y, r
athe
r th
an a
s a
cul-
tura
l fo
unda
tion
of
the
educ
atio
nsy
stem
, th
us s
etti
ng u
p th
ech
ildr
en a
s 'fa
ilur
es'
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
93
—
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
ca-
tio
n3.
1.5.
Ter
tiar
y In
stit
utio
nsT
he F
renc
h U
nive
rsit
y of
the
Pac
ific
(IU
FM
-Tea
cher
s le
arni
ngU
nive
rsit
y In
stit
ute)
has
a c
ampu
sin
Nou
méa
(as
wel
l as
Tah
iti a
nd a
nex
tens
ion
in W
alli
s)IU
FM o
ffer
s a
num
ber
of c
ours
es f
orth
e fi
rst
two
year
s of
Uni
vers
ity
stud
y
the
univ
ersi
ty o
ffer
s on
ly t
he f
irst
two
year
s of
a t
hree
-yea
r co
urse
the
univ
ersi
ty o
ffer
s a
cour
se f
or t
heho
spit
alit
y in
dust
ry
theo
reti
call
y ac
cess
to
the
univ
ersi
tyis
ope
n to
eve
ryon
e w
ith
the
appr
opri
ate
qual
ific
atio
ns a
nd 6
% o
fth
e pe
ople
ove
r 14
yea
rs (
1989
cens
us)
had
a un
iver
sity
deg
ree
ther
e ar
e no
off
erin
gs i
n K
anak
Stu
dies
or
sim
ilar
are
asa
the
univ
ersi
ty h
as l
ittl
e in
tere
stin
the
loc
al a
rena
and
doe
s no
tre
gard
Kan
ak c
ultu
re a
s re
leva
nt
stud
ents
are
req
uire
d to
go
over
seas
for
the
com
plet
ion
ofth
eir
degr
ees,
usu
ally
Fra
nce.
the
cour
se d
oes
not
cont
ain
any
cult
ural
edu
cati
on e
tc
in r
eali
ty,
ther
e is
a v
ast
dis-
crep
ancy
bet
wee
n th
e so
uthe
rnpr
ovin
ce/N
oum
éa w
ith
8%un
iver
sity
gra
duat
es a
nd t
heL
oyal
ty i
slan
ds p
rovi
nce
wit
h2%
(w
hich
inc
lude
s th
e te
ache
rsw
hich
may
com
e fr
om p
lace
sot
her
then
the
isl
ands
pro
vinc
e.3.
1. F
orm
al E
duca
-ti
on
3.1.
6. R
ole
of t
he m
useu
men
thus
iast
ic d
irec
tor
of t
he c
ultu
ral
cent
reno
im
med
iate
fun
ding
pro
blem
s;su
bsta
ntia
l in
vest
men
t in
pro
ject
san
d pr
ogra
mm
es i
nclu
ding
key
cult
ural
fac
ilit
ies;
exis
tenc
e of
the
Age
nce
de D
evel
-op
pem
ent
de l
a C
ultu
re K
anak
to
redr
ess
the
prev
ious
exc
lusi
ve f
ocus
on C
aldo
ches
/Fre
nch
Cul
ture
it i
s on
e of
the
tas
ks o
f th
e A
DC
K t
ogi
ve v
alue
to
Kan
ak a
rcha
eolo
gica
l,et
hnol
ogic
al a
nd l
ingu
isti
che
rita
ge,
whi
ch i
s im
plem
ente
dth
roug
h a
depa
rtm
ent
resp
onsi
ble
for
scho
ol e
duca
tion
the
AD
CK
dis
char
ges
this
rol
em
ainl
y th
roug
h th
e pr
ovis
ion
ofre
sour
ces
in t
he m
edia
theq
ue
deve
lop
educ
atio
nal
mat
eria
ls f
orpr
imar
y an
d se
cond
ary
scho
ols
such
as r
eade
rs,
reso
urce
boo
ks a
ndtr
avel
ling
exh
ibit
ion
kits
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
94
—
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
1. C
omm
unit
y E
duca
-ti
on P
olic
yth
e N
ew C
aled
onia
n T
elev
isio
n ha
sbe
gun
to b
road
cast
Kan
ak c
ultu
ral
even
ts (
on o
ccas
ion)
dur
ing
prim
eti
me
(pur
ely
even
t dr
iven
);C
urre
nt p
rogr
amm
es s
uch
as t
heN
atio
nal
(Ter
rito
rial
) F
esti
val
of t
heA
rts
are
coll
abor
ated
on
by b
oth
terr
itor
ial
and
prov
inci
al a
genc
ies
a si
ngle
dis
cipl
ine
(ie
arch
aeol
-og
y) i
s sp
lit
into
res
earc
h, c
ar-
ried
by
the
Fre
nch
Sta
te v
iaO
RST
OM
) an
d m
anag
emen
t,ca
rrie
d ou
t by
the
pro
vinc
ial
gove
rnm
ents
via
the
Mus
eum
.T
hus
cros
s-fe
rtil
isat
ion
isw
holl
y de
pend
ent
on i
ndiv
idua
lssi
mil
ar p
robo
lem
s ex
ist
in t
hefi
eld
of a
nthr
opol
ogy
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
2. G
over
nmen
tA
genc
ies
ther
e ap
pear
s to
be
no f
orm
alpr
ogra
mm
e to
edu
cate
gov
-er
nmen
t ag
enci
es (
stat
e an
dte
rrit
oria
l) i
n cu
ltur
al a
nd h
er-
itag
e m
atte
rs
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
95
—
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
3. M
useu
ms
and
Cul
-tu
ral
Cen
tres
a cu
ltur
al c
entr
e is
und
er c
onst
ruct
ion
whi
ch w
ill
be a
ble
to p
rese
ntco
ntem
pora
ry c
ultu
re v
iape
rfor
man
ces,
exh
ibit
ions
and
am
edia
theq
ue c
over
ing
prin
t, au
dio
and
visu
al m
edia
the
curr
ent
mus
eum
wil
l se
e a
face
-lif
tan
d/or
upg
rade
aft
er t
he C
entr
eC
ultu
rel
Jean
-Mar
ie T
jiba
ou i
sco
mpl
eted
Pro
vinc
ial
Kan
ak m
useu
ms
are
the
Cen
tre
Cul
ture
l “G
oa m
a B
wax
at”
inH
ieng
ène,
ope
rate
d by
the
Nor
ther
nP
rovi
nce
the
Cen
tre
Cul
ture
l“Y
eiw
éné
Yei
wén
é” o
n M
aré,
oper
ated
by
the
Loy
alty
Isl
ands
Pro
vinc
e
a hi
stor
ical
mus
eum
exi
sts
in t
he O
ldT
own
hall
of
Nou
méa
, fo
cuss
ing
onth
e hi
stor
y of
te
Fre
nch
sett
lem
ent
in N
oum
éa. T
his
mus
eum
is
oper
ated
by t
he M
unic
ipal
ity
of N
oum
éa
in t
he s
outh
ern
prov
ince
are
tw
oE
urop
ean
His
tory
mus
eum
s, o
nefo
cuss
ing
on n
icke
l m
inin
g an
d on
eof
the
cat
tlem
en c
ultu
re o
f th
ew
este
rn p
art
of t
he i
slan
d (M
usée
du
Bou
reil
)
a m
arit
ime
mus
eum
is
plan
ned
for
Nou
méa
, whi
ch w
ill b
e fu
nded
by
apr
ivat
e op
erat
or w
ith
assi
stan
cefr
om t
he N
oum
éa C
ham
ber
ofC
omm
erce
the
disp
lay
at t
he c
urre
nt t
erri
-to
rial
mus
eum
ver
y m
uch
trea
tsth
e ex
hibi
ted
item
s as
iso
late
dar
tefa
cts,
wit
h an
d e
mph
asis
on
the
obje
ct a
s ar
t, ra
ther
tha
n as
an i
tem
em
bedd
ed i
nto
the
soci
alco
ntex
t as
par
t of
whi
ch i
t w
ascr
eate
d.
whi
le t
his
deve
lopm
ent
has
been
disc
usse
d it
is
uncl
ear
who
wil
lfu
rnis
h th
e fu
ndin
g fo
r th
is i
nvi
ew o
f th
e ne
w f
acil
ity
of t
heC
CJM
T.
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
4. N
GO
's..
oo
0o
o..
..o
o0
oo
....
oo
0o
o..
..o
o0
oo
..
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
96
—
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
5. R
adio
The
rad
io (
RF
O)
is s
tate
con
trol
led
the
radi
o st
atio
n no
w h
as a
Kan
akm
anag
er w
ho l
ocal
ised
muc
h of
the
prog
ram
min
g an
d th
e st
aff
trad
itio
nal
subj
ect
mat
ter
is b
road
cast
on
occa
sion
(ev
ent
driv
en)
the
FN
KS
ope
rate
s a
Kan
ak r
adio
stat
ion
radi
o ha
s lo
st m
uch
of i
ts p
opu-
lari
ty d
ue t
o th
e in
crea
se i
n T
Vco
vera
ge (
but
mai
nly
over
seas
/Fre
nch
prog
ram
mes
show
n)
repo
rtin
g of
tra
diti
onal
sub
ject
mat
ter/
stor
ies/
airt
ime
is s
olel
yev
ent
driv
en
the
Kan
ak s
tati
on d
oes
not
broa
dcas
t tr
adit
iona
l or
cul
tura
lm
essa
ges
on a
reg
ular
bas
is
deve
lop
the
inte
grat
ion
of r
adio
broa
dcas
ts i
nto
prim
ary
scho
olcu
rric
ula
to o
ffse
t th
e la
ck o
f tr
aine
dte
ache
rs a
nd t
o of
fset
the
cos
ts o
fbr
ingi
ng i
n re
sour
ce p
erso
ns.
cons
ider
mak
ing
a on
e-ho
ur b
road
cast
com
puls
ory
list
enin
g fo
r pr
imar
ypu
pils
. T
his
wou
ld e
nsur
e so
me
sort
of n
atio
nal
unif
ied
curr
icul
um o
nK
anak
cul
ture
in
prim
ary
scho
ols
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
6. S
emi-
acad
emic
jour
nals
prof
essi
onal
pub
lica
tion
ser
ies
inpl
ace
for
arch
aeol
ogy
and
ethn
ol-
og
yth
e A
DC
K p
ublis
hed
MW
A V
EE
aqu
arte
rly
mag
azin
e on
Kan
ak c
ultu
rew
ith
a w
ide
read
ersh
ip
MW
A V
ee u
sed
to b
e di
ssem
inat
edfr
ee o
f ch
arge
(in
ter
alia
to
scho
ols)
but
cos
t re
cove
ryfo
rced
the
AD
Ck
to c
harg
e a
subs
crip
tion
fee
a re
gion
al e
xcha
nge
of e
xper
tise
coul
d be
dev
elop
ed
scho
ols
shou
ld b
e en
cour
aged
(w
ith
ince
ntiv
e if
nee
d be
) to
con
tinu
e to
orde
r M
WA
VE
E f
or th
eir
libr
arie
s
skil
l ba
se i
s li
mit
ed b
y th
eA
nglo
phon
e/F
ranc
opho
nedi
stin
ctio
ns
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
7. L
ocal
TV
the
Rad
io F
ranc
e O
utre
-Mer
(R
FO)
oper
ates
tw
o T
V c
hann
els
and
apr
ivat
e co
mpa
ny a
noth
erth
e T
V s
tati
on n
ow h
as a
Kan
akm
anag
er w
ho l
ocal
ised
muc
h of
the
prog
ram
min
g an
d th
e st
aff
a lo
cal
talk
sho
w (
in F
renc
h) h
asbe
en d
evel
oped
, as
wel
l as
oth
erlo
cal
cont
ent
loca
l ne
ws
crew
s ha
ve b
een
set
up i
nth
e no
rthe
rn p
rovi
nce
and
the
isla
nds
prov
ince
, w
hich
all
ow t
oad
dres
s th
e pr
evio
usly
Nou
méa
-ce
ntre
d im
bala
nce
of n
ews
repo
rtin
gth
e N
ew C
aled
onia
n T
elev
isio
n ha
sbe
gun
to b
road
cast
Kan
ak c
ultu
ral
even
ts (
on o
ccas
ion/
even
t dr
iven
)du
ring
pri
me
tim
eth
e R
FO
TV
has
a lo
cal e
duca
tion
alis
sues
pro
gram
in
the
afte
rnoo
ns,
whi
ch c
over
s cu
ltur
e an
d he
rita
geam
ong
envi
ronm
enta
l an
d ot
her
conc
erns
the
broa
dcas
ting
of
cult
ural
iss
ues
larg
ely
even
t dr
iven
the
priv
ate
TV
cha
nnel
onl
ybr
oadc
asts
Fre
nch
and
impo
rted
(and
dub
bed)
pro
gram
s as
wel
l as
spor
t
the
publ
ic e
duca
tion
pot
enti
al o
f T
Vco
uld
be e
xpan
ded
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
97
—
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
8. P
rint
Med
iath
ere
are
two
new
spap
ers
in N
ewC
aled
onia
, bo
th o
f w
hich
are
re-
flec
tive
of
oppo
sing
pol
itic
al p
ar-
ties
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
send
s ou
t pr
ess
rele
ases
on
an o
ccas
iona
l/ev
ent
driv
en b
asis
to
new
s m
edia
(m
ainl
ypa
pers
)th
e cu
ltur
al c
entr
e in
tend
s to
em
ploy
a m
edia
man
ager
prof
essi
onal
pub
lica
tion
ser
ies
inpl
ace
for
arch
aeol
ogy
and
ethn
ol-
og
y
ther
e is
no
regu
lar
cult
ural
fea
ture
in t
he n
ewsp
aper
and
all
cul
tura
lre
port
ing
is e
vent
dri
ven
sem
i-pr
ofes
sion
al a
nd/o
r pu
bli-
cati
on s
erie
s is
lac
king
;w
hils
t re
sear
ch (
a re
spon
sibi
lity
of t
he T
erri
tori
al a
genc
y) i
spu
blis
hed
and
diss
emin
ated
on
the
scho
larl
y le
vel,
this
is
not
tran
smit
ted
to t
he b
road
erco
mm
unit
y as
the
ski
lls
to c
arry
this
out
are
not
ava
ilab
le a
nd a
sth
e ar
chae
olog
ists
are
una
ble
orun
wil
ling
to
perf
orm
(pa
rt o
f)th
is t
ask
deve
lop
a se
mi-
prof
essi
onal
pub
li-
cati
on s
erie
s fo
r di
stri
buti
on i
n re
-gi
onal
cul
tura
l ce
ntre
s an
d se
c-on
dary
sch
ools
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
9. P
ubli
c di
spla
ysth
e cu
ltur
al c
entr
e ha
s se
nt l
imit
eddi
spla
ys f
rom
the
ter
rito
rial
mus
eum
or t
he c
ultu
ral
cent
re t
o pr
ovin
cial
cult
ural
cen
tres
as
wel
l as
tow
n ha
lls
prov
idin
g su
bsta
ntia
l ex
posu
re
the
secu
rity
of
the
disp
lays
is
not
alw
ays
give
n an
d fe
ars
for
the
safe
ty a
nd c
onse
rvat
ion
stat
us o
far
tefa
cts
exis
t
lim
ited
pub
lic
educ
atio
n an
dpr
omot
ion
of K
anak
cul
ture
for
fear
of
‘com
mer
cial
isat
ion’
or
‘fol
klor
isat
ion’
of
that
cul
ture
.T
his
void
has
bee
n fi
lled
by
Pol
ynes
ian
grou
ps,
now
dom
i-na
ting
the
flo
or s
how
s in
hot
els
deve
lop
port
able
edu
cati
on k
its
(wit
hre
plic
as)f
or s
choo
ls a
nd p
orta
ble
pict
oria
l an
d au
dio
disp
lays
for
tow
nha
lls
cons
ider
the
int
rodu
ctio
n of
pre
mai
nfe
atur
es f
ilm
scr
eeni
ngs
ofed
ucat
iona
l fi
lms
in c
inem
as
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
10.
Rol
e of
for
mal
Ed-
ucat
ion
syst
emcu
ltur
e pl
ays
a st
rong
par
t in
Kan
akso
ciet
y (a
t al
l le
vels
);no
im
med
iate
fun
ding
pro
blem
s;ex
iste
nce
of t
he A
genc
e de
Dev
el-
oppe
men
t de
la
Cul
ture
Kan
ak t
ore
dres
s th
e pr
evio
us e
xclu
sive
prom
otio
n of
Fre
nch
cult
ure
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
98
—
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
11.
Tar
gete
d ed
ucat
ion
of i
mpa
ct g
ener
ator
s(d
evel
oper
s, l
ogge
rs,
buil
ders
etc
.)3.
2. C
omm
unit
y E
d-uc
atio
n3.
2.12
You
th p
rogr
amm
es
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Ed-
ucat
ion
3.2.
13 P
ubli
c le
ctur
e se
ries
the
AC
K r
uns
a se
ries
of
publ
ic l
ec-
ture
s on
top
ic o
f K
anak
cul
ture
,of
fere
d tw
ice
mon
thly
at
chan
ging
venu
es i
n N
oum
éa3.
2. C
omm
unit
y E
d-uc
atio
n3.
2.14
Pri
vate
Sec
tor
ther
e is
no
priv
ate
sect
or i
n-vo
lvem
ent
in p
ubli
c ed
ucat
ion
w.r
.t. t
o cu
ltur
al h
erit
age
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
1. T
ouri
sm P
olic
yth
ere
is a
gro
win
g in
tere
st f
rom
vis
i-to
rs i
n tr
adit
iona
l M
elan
esia
n cu
l-tu
reth
is i
nter
est,
how
ever
, is
dri
ven
byth
e sh
ort-
bite
inf
orm
atio
n so
ciet
y
v each
pro
vinc
e ha
s de
velo
ped
thei
row
n po
licy
on
inve
stm
ent,
whi
chha
s be
en p
rodu
ced
in c
oord
inat
ion
in o
rder
to
ensu
re t
hat
ther
e is
cont
inui
ty i
n po
licy
acr
oss
the
prov
ince
s
The
sou
ther
n pr
ovin
ce h
as i
n pl
ace
regu
lati
on g
over
ning
the
ope
rati
onof
tou
rism
fac
ilit
ies
and
com
pani
esan
d of
wat
er s
port
/wat
er-b
ased
tou
rop
erat
ions
a sp
ecif
ic p
olic
y ca
teri
ng t
o th
ede
velo
pmen
t of
cul
tura
l to
uris
min
New
Cal
edon
ia i
s la
ckin
gth
e to
uris
m o
pera
tors
/pro
vide
rsw
ish
a pr
oduc
t th
at m
ay b
eco
nfli
ctin
g w
ith
trad
itio
nal
pre-
sent
atio
ns
at t
he p
rovi
ncia
l le
vel
the
spre
adof
res
pons
ibil
itie
s is
mor
eco
mpl
ex.
eg i
n th
e so
uthe
rnpr
ovin
ce t
ouri
sm p
erm
itti
ng a
ndpr
omot
ion
is t
he r
espo
nsib
ilit
yof
one
dep
artm
ent
the
prod
ucti
on o
f E
coto
uris
mm
ater
ial
and
the
prod
ucti
on o
fcu
ltur
al t
ouri
sm m
ater
ial
the
task
s of
oth
er d
epar
tmen
ts w
ith
diff
eren
t ag
enda
s
thes
e re
gula
tion
s do
not
mak
ere
fere
nce
to c
ondu
ct w
.r.t.
trad
itio
nal
cult
ural
her
itag
e
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
99
—
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
2. T
ouri
sm P
lann
ing
each
pro
vinc
e ha
s to
uris
m d
evel
op-
men
t pl
ans
in t
he p
roce
ss o
fco
mpl
etio
n or
are
pro
duce
dcu
ltur
al t
ouri
sm i
s se
en a
s an
op-
port
unit
y an
d jo
int
plan
ning
mee
t-in
gs b
etw
een
the
tour
ism
ind
ustr
y,th
e so
uthe
rn p
rovi
nce
(for
Nou
méa
base
d op
erat
ors)
and
the
AD
CK
hav
eta
ken
plac
eth
e in
vest
men
t co
de o
f th
e so
uthe
rnpr
ovin
ce c
onta
ins
prov
isio
ns f
orth
e su
bsid
y an
d st
art-
up f
undi
ng o
fto
uris
m p
roje
cts
(alt
houg
h he
avil
yge
ared
tow
ards
hot
el d
evel
opm
ents
)
Her
itag
e pr
omot
ion
thro
ugh
cul-
tura
l an
d ec
otou
rism
act
ivit
ies
isli
kew
ise
ham
stru
ng b
y th
ead
min
istr
ativ
e st
ruct
ure.
Ove
rsea
s pr
omot
ion
of t
ouri
smis
han
dled
by
the
“Des
tina
tion
Nou
vell
e-C
aléd
onie
, a
terr
itor
ial
agen
cy,
whi
ch a
cts
on b
ehal
f of
the
prov
ince
s. T
he a
ctua
lto
uris
m m
anag
emen
t, fr
ompe
rmit
ting
to
poli
cy f
orm
ula-
tion
, is
the
pre
roga
tive
of
the
prov
ince
s w
hich
als
o m
arke
tto
uris
m w
ithi
n N
ew C
aled
onia
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
3. M
arke
ting
the
tour
ist
arri
vals
for
199
4 w
ere
128,
000
(lan
d to
uris
ts a
nd c
ruis
esh
ip t
ouri
sts)
wit
h ex
pect
atio
ns o
fgr
adua
l gr
owth
.th
e no
n-cr
uise
shi
p to
uris
t po
pula
-ti
on i
s dr
awn
from
Jap
an (
31%
),F
ranc
e (2
1.5
%),
Aus
tral
ia (
21%
),N
ew Z
eala
nd (
10%
) (p
erce
ntag
esba
sed
on 1
992-
1994
com
bine
dfi
gure
s)fi
gure
s fo
r th
e av
erag
e st
ay o
fto
uris
ts a
re b
etw
een
7 an
d 9
days
for
the
Japa
nese
/Aus
tral
ian.
NZ
tou
rist
san
d 35
day
s fo
r th
e F
renc
h to
uris
tsth
ere
is a
gro
win
g in
tere
st f
rom
vis
i-to
rs i
n tr
adit
iona
l M
elan
esia
n cu
l-tu
reth
e so
uthe
rn p
rovi
nce
is i
nter
este
d in
prom
otin
g an
d m
arke
ting
Kan
akcu
ltur
e as
a v
iabl
e to
uris
m p
rodu
ct
cont
rols
on
acce
ss t
o th
eM
elan
esia
n cu
ltur
e an
d pe
ople
sin
New
Cal
edon
ia a
s w
ell
the
'unw
illi
ngne
ss'
of t
he K
anak
to
adap
t to
the
mar
ket
forc
es (
such
as s
hort
er a
nd m
ore
vari
edda
nces
) th
row
to
the
fore
fron
tth
e al
tern
ativ
e F
renc
h an
dP
olyn
esia
n cu
ltur
es.
The
‘F
renc
hnes
s’ o
f N
ew C
ale-
doni
a. i
s pr
omin
entl
y pr
omot
ed(‘
The
Pac
ific
’s L
ittl
e R
ivie
ra’)
,es
peci
ally
in
the
Japa
nese
, bu
tal
so N
Z,
mar
kets
the
prom
otio
n of
New
Cal
edon
ian
cult
ure
ofte
n ut
ilis
es P
olyn
esia
nra
ther
tha
n K
anak
im
ager
y
deve
lop
a di
alog
ue b
etw
een
the
tour
ism
ind
ustr
y ,
the
deve
lopm
ent
agen
cies
of
the
prov
ince
s an
d th
eA
DC
K w
ith
the
aim
toa)
dev
elop
an
unde
rsta
ndin
g th
attr
adit
iona
l cu
ltur
al p
ract
ices
can
not
be c
hang
ed t
o su
it t
our-
bus
sche
dule
s;b)
enc
oura
ge t
ouri
sm d
evel
oper
s to
reco
gnis
e th
e ri
chne
ss a
nd c
om-
plex
ity
of K
anak
cul
ture
as
an a
sset
,an
d th
at t
here
is
a to
uris
m m
arke
tse
gmen
t th
at w
ould
hav
e to
ada
pt;
and
c) e
ncou
rage
Kan
ak p
erfo
rmin
gar
tist
s to
dev
elop
non
-tra
diti
onal
conc
epts
of
cult
ural
exp
ress
ion
inc.
new
cho
reog
raph
y of
dan
ces
whi
chw
ould
sat
isfy
the
mar
ket
dem
and
onth
e on
e ha
nd,
whi
le n
otco
mpr
omis
ing
or t
hrea
teni
ng
the
trad
itio
nal
danc
es o
n th
e ot
her
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
4. S
take
hold
er c
on-
sult
atio
nin
the
tou
rism
deb
ate
the
trad
itio
nal
owne
rs a
s st
akeh
olde
rs a
re d
eem
edto
be
repr
esen
ted
thro
ugh
the
AD
CK
the
AD
CK
is la
rgel
y m
ade
up o
fed
ucat
ed u
rban
Kan
ak w
hose
valu
e sy
stem
s m
ay n
o lo
nger
be
full
y co
ngru
ent
wit
h th
ose
held
in t
he v
illa
ges
deve
lopm
ent
of a
tw
o-cl
ass
Kan
ak s
ocie
ty b
ased
on
trai
ning
lev
els
rath
er t
han
base
d on
tra
diti
onal
ran
kle
vels
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
100
—
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
5. L
and
owne
r in
-vo
lvem
ent
trad
itio
nal
land
owne
rs a
re o
nly
in-
volv
ed i
n th
e pl
anni
ng p
roce
sses
if
they
can
off
er a
pro
duct
(ie
a d
ance
grou
p) o
r if
the
y ow
n th
e la
ndta
rget
ed f
or d
evel
opm
ent
or h
ave
form
ally
cla
imed
it
as t
heir
trad
itio
nal
land
mos
t of
the
lan
d ha
s be
en e
x-pr
opri
ated
and
ori
gina
l la
ndow
ners
are
but
rar
ely
cons
ulte
dli
kew
ise
wit
h th
e pr
ovis
ion
ofcu
ltur
al e
xpre
ssio
ns i
n fo
rm o
fpe
rfor
man
ce o
r st
atio
nary
art
the
trad
itio
nal
owne
rs a
re r
arel
yco
nsul
ted
and
mot
ifs
are
expr
opri
ated
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
6. T
our
guid
ing
a fo
rmal
pro
gram
me
exis
ts i
n th
eso
uthe
rn p
rovi
nce
whi
ch t
rain
s an
dac
cred
its
tour
gui
des
the
sout
hern
pro
vinc
e al
so m
ake
avai
labl
e st
art
up f
unds
to
deve
lop
ato
ur a
nd t
our
guid
ing
com
pany
at p
rese
nt t
he t
our
guid
e tr
aini
ngis
lim
ited
to
Cal
doch
es a
ndm
etro
poli
tan
Fre
nch
wor
king
as
guid
es o
n hi
stor
ic N
oum
éasu
bjec
ts
expa
nd t
he p
rogr
am t
o ta
rget
the
trai
ning
of
Kan
ak t
our
guid
es w
ith
an e
mph
asis
on
com
mun
icat
ing
Kan
ak c
ultu
re
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
7. I
mpa
ct a
sses
smen
tsth
e pr
ovin
ces
cond
uct
a li
mit
ed E
ISre
view
whi
ch i
s so
lely
foc
usse
d on
envi
ronm
enta
l as
pect
s. A
r-ch
aeol
ogic
al a
sses
smen
ts m
ay,
orm
ay n
ot,
figu
re
no f
orm
al i
mpa
ct a
sses
smen
ts a
reca
rrie
d ou
t whi
ch a
ddre
ss c
ultu
ral
issu
es
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
8. I
ncom
e op
tion
sth
e ex
pand
ing
tour
ism
ind
ustr
y,es
peci
ally
w.r
.t. t
o K
anak
Cul
ture
is
pose
d to
pro
vide
inc
reas
ed i
ncom
eo
pti
on
s
lim
ited
pub
lic
educ
atio
n an
dpr
omot
ion
of K
anak
cul
ture
for
fear
of
‘com
mer
cial
isat
ion’
or
‘fol
klor
isat
ion’
of
that
cul
ture
.re
luct
ance
by
the
Kan
ak t
o sh
owcu
ltur
al e
xpre
ssio
ns i
nin
appr
opri
ate
cont
exts
as
thus
coul
d be
int
erpr
eted
as
bein
gbr
ash
and
oste
ntat
ious
, bo
th o
fw
hich
is
trad
itio
nall
y fr
owne
dup
onT
his
void
has
bee
n fi
lled
by
Pol
ynes
ian
grou
ps,
now
dom
i-na
ting
the
flo
or s
how
s in
hot
els
(Not
e th
at s
ome
of t
he a
bove
,su
ch a
s th
e st
reng
th o
f th
epr
ivac
y co
ncep
t of
Kan
aktr
adit
ion)
ar
e in
deed
str
engt
hspe
r se
, bu
t in
the
con
text
of
inco
me
gene
rati
on v
ia f
lor
show
s et
c ar
e cl
asse
d as
in-
hibi
tors
)
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia
4. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge d
ata
man
agem
ent
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
101
—
4.1.
Lan
d M
anag
e-m
ent
4.1.
1. S
ensi
tivi
ty o
f ac
cess
to l
and/
land
inf
orm
atio
nla
nd s
till
is
the
unde
rpin
ning
of
Kan
akcu
ltur
e, a
nd l
and
is a
ver
y se
nsit
ive
mat
ter
In t
he n
orth
ern
and
isla
nds
prov
ince
mor
e at
tent
ion
is p
aid
to t
hetr
adit
iona
l ow
ners
of
the
land
tha
n in
the
sout
hern
pro
vinc
e w
hich
is
dom
inat
ed b
y N
oum
éa. I
n th
eso
uthe
rn p
rovi
nce
the
mun
icip
alit
yow
ns/c
ontr
ols
all
land
wit
h al
ltr
adit
iona
l ri
ghts
to
land
dee
med
exti
ngui
shed
.
land
can
be
clai
med
as
trad
itio
nal
land
and
if t
he c
laim
is
succ
essf
ul,
the
land
wil
l be
bou
ght
back
by
the
AD
RA
F (A
genc
e de
dev
elop
pem
ent
rura
le e
t agr
icul
ture
l @@
@)
at a
fai
rm
arke
t pr
ice
to b
e ha
nded
bac
k to
the
Kan
ak.
this
lan
d th
en b
ecom
es c
omm
unit
yla
ndso
me
land
owne
rs d
o no
t w
ish
to s
ell
thei
r la
nd t
o th
e A
DR
AF
for
ret
urn
toth
e K
anak
, bu
t co
mm
unit
y pr
essu
res
are
grea
t an
d fe
w r
esis
t. O
ften
eas
tco
ast
farm
ers
sell
the
ir l
and
to t
heA
DR
AF
and
purc
hase
new
land
on
the
wes
t co
ast
info
rmat
ion
on t
he o
wne
rshi
pan
d ow
ners
hip
leve
ls o
f la
nd i
sno
t se
nsit
ive
no l
onge
r as
the
Fre
nch
syst
ems
has
larg
ely
disr
upte
d th
e no
rmal
lan
dm
anag
emen
t pr
acti
ces
thro
ugho
ut t
he c
ount
ry
The
AD
RA
F bu
y ba
ck o
f la
nd is
usua
lly
at a
fai
r pr
ice,
occ
a-si
onal
ly a
t an
inf
late
d pr
ice
(see
the
scan
dal
of 1
989)
.co
ndit
ions
of
the
buy
back
are
that
the
Kan
ak u
se t
he l
and
for
deve
lopm
ent
purp
oses
(ca
ttle
farm
s et
c). L
and
clai
ms
for
the
mer
e cl
aim
and
rec
over
y of
trad
itio
nal
land
s ar
e no
t ac
-ce
pted
.th
is t
rans
fer
of C
aldo
ches
pro
p-er
ties
fro
m t
he e
ast
to t
he w
est
coas
t m
ay o
nly
dela
y th
e in
-cr
easi
ng b
uy b
ack
of l
and
and
may
res
ult
in a
del
ayed
but
stro
ng a
ntag
onis
tic
atti
tude
by
the
Cal
doch
es (
once
wes
tern
land
s ar
e al
so c
laim
ed)
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia
4. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge d
ata
man
agem
ent
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
102
—
4.1.
Lan
d M
anag
e-m
ent
4.1.
2. S
ensi
tivi
ty o
f ac
cess
to t
radi
tion
al s
ites
(&
info
rmat
ion)
acce
ss t
o so
me
trad
itio
nal
site
s in
the
nort
hern
and
isl
ands
pro
vinc
es i
sre
stri
cted
in t
he s
outh
ern
prov
ince
no
ac-
cess
res
tric
tion
s ex
ist
unle
ss t
hela
nd o
wne
r re
fuse
s ac
cess
.in
vie
w o
f th
e la
rgel
y C
aldo
ches
and/
or M
etro
poli
tan
Fre
nch
owne
d la
nd t
ract
s li
ttle
pro
tec-
tion
for
any
rem
nant
tra
diti
on-
ally
sig
nifi
cant
sit
es i
s gi
ven,
unle
ss t
hey
are
defi
ned
as a
r-ch
aeol
ogic
al s
ites
4.1.
Lan
d M
anag
e-m
ent
4.1.
3. D
atab
asin
g of
gen
-er
al i
nfor
mat
ion
4.1.
Lan
d M
anag
e-m
ent
4.1.
4. D
atab
asin
g of
ow
n-er
ship
inf
orm
atio
nth
e la
nd o
wne
rshi
p of
the
sou
ther
npr
ovin
ce h
as b
een
com
pute
rise
d on
an l
and
cada
stre
4.1.
Lan
d M
anag
e-m
ent
4.1.
5. D
atab
asin
g of
cul
-tu
ral
land
scap
e in
form
a-ti
on
cult
ural
lan
d sc
ape
info
rmat
ion
does
not
pla
y a
role
in
the
land
regi
ster
s4.
2. H
erit
age
Sit
eIn
vent
ory
4.2.
1. S
truc
ture
of
regi
ster
syst
ems
site
dat
a m
anag
emen
t is
com
pute
rise
din
the
@@
@ o
ffic
e4.
2. H
erit
age
Sit
eIn
vent
ory
4.2.
2. S
pati
al c
over
age
ofre
gist
er s
yste
ms
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.3.
Rec
urre
nt v
erif
ica-
tion
of
info
rmat
ion
No
recu
rren
t ve
rifi
cati
on o
f si
tes
and
regi
ster
ite
ms
occu
rs n
asy
stem
atic
bas
is (
lack
of
fund
s).
Sit
es a
re r
evis
ited
if
and
whe
n th
esu
rvey
/exc
avat
ion
wor
k ge
tsar
chae
olog
ists
bac
k to
the
are
a.F
or e
xam
ple
no w
ork
has
been
plan
ned
to r
ever
ify
the
coas
tal
site
s in
the
wes
t co
ast
area
aft
ercy
clon
e B
eti
stru
ck m
ade
land
-fa
ll t
here
.4.
2. H
erit
age
Sit
eIn
vent
ory
4.2.
4. N
atio
nal
(Ter
rito
rial
) S
urve
yP
rogr
amm
e
A s
yste
mat
ic a
rcha
eolo
gica
l su
rvey
prog
ram
me
has
been
car
ried
out
by
the
terr
itor
ial
mus
eum
and
the
prov
ince
s, b
ut t
he s
urve
y w
asex
ecut
ed b
y O
RST
OM
sta
ff b
ased
on
an O
RST
OM
res
earc
h sc
hedu
leA
n in
vent
ory
of E
urop
ean
site
s ha
sbe
n co
mpi
led
for
Nou
méa
onl
y4.
2. H
erit
age
Sit
eIn
vent
ory
4.2.
5.
Pro
vinc
ial/
Dis
tric
tS
urve
y P
rogr
amm
e
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia
4. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge d
ata
man
agem
ent
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
103
—
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
1. A
rchi
val
man
age-
men
t of
dat
ath
e te
rrit
ory
oper
ates
the
ter
rito
rial
arch
ives
, w
hich
are
tas
ked
wit
h th
em
anag
emen
t of
the
ter
rito
rial
reco
rds
and
whi
ch a
lso
cura
te t
hest
ate
reco
rds
rela
ting
to
New
Cal
edon
ia4.
3. R
ecor
ds a
ndC
olle
ctio
ns M
an-
agem
ent
4.3.
2. A
utom
atis
atio
n
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
3. T
radi
tion
al r
ecor
dsm
anag
emen
t.
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
4. M
useu
ms/
cult
ural
cent
res
coll
ecti
on m
an-
agem
ent
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
5. A
cces
s li
mit
atio
ns(s
afeg
uard
s)
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
-ag
emen
t
4.3.
6. O
ral
His
tory
& P
er-
form
ance
Doc
umen
tati
on
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.1.
Pro
acti
ve P
lann
ing
rese
arch
is
only
dri
ven
by t
hein
tere
sts
of t
he r
esea
rche
rs a
ndth
e cu
ltur
al c
entr
e ha
s no
proa
ctiv
e pl
anni
ng i
n pl
ace
the
com
pila
tion
of
a li
st o
f re
-qu
ired
res
earc
h pr
ojec
ts i
s se
enas
a w
aste
of
tim
e an
d ef
fort
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia
4. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge d
ata
man
agem
ent
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
104
—
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.2.
Int
erna
l ca
paci
ties
The
Mus
eum
has
acc
ess
to r
esea
rch
and
rese
arch
ers
empl
oyed
by
OR
STO
Mth
e sk
ill
leve
l of
thi
s re
sour
ce b
ase
ish
igh
the
mus
eum
has
no
inte
rnal
re-
sear
ch c
apac
ity
in t
he f
ield
s of
arch
aeol
ogy,
ant
hrop
olog
y an
dli
ngui
stic
sit
may
be
too
expe
nsiv
e to
deve
lop
and
mai
ntai
n su
ch a
capa
city
this
acc
ess
depe
nds
on t
hego
odw
ill o
f O
RST
OM
and
the
cong
ruen
ce o
f th
e m
useu
ms
and
OR
ST
OM
S r
esea
rch
inte
rest
sth
e pr
esen
ce o
f re
sear
cher
s un
der
the
OR
TSO
M o
r C
RN
S ba
nner
depe
nds
on t
heir
pro
ject
s. A
tpr
esen
t, fo
r ex
ampl
e, O
RS
TO
Mdo
es n
ot h
ave
an a
nthr
opol
ogis
ton
sta
ff i
n N
oum
éa4.
4. R
esea
rch
4.4.
3. F
orei
gn r
esea
rch
into
the
cou
ntry
's h
erit
age
mos
t re
sear
ch i
nto
Kan
ak a
nd N
ewC
aled
onia
n to
pics
is
cond
ucte
d by
Met
ropo
lita
n F
renc
h an
d no
t by
Kan
ak t
hem
selv
esso
me
othe
r fo
reig
n re
sear
ch o
ccur
s in
New
Cal
edon
ian
topi
cs4.
4. R
esea
rch
4.4.
4. C
o-op
erat
ive
agre
emen
tsth
ere
are
no f
orm
al c
o-op
erat
ive
agre
emen
ts i
n pl
ace
betw
een
the
terr
itor
ial
mus
eum
, th
e cu
ltur
alce
ntre
or
the
prov
ince
s an
dov
erse
as r
esea
rch
inst
itut
ions
or
univ
ersi
ties
the
only
con
nect
ion
is t
he i
n-fo
rmal
wor
king
rel
atio
nshi
pw
ith O
RST
OM
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia
4. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge d
ata
man
agem
ent
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
105
—
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.5.
App
rova
l pr
oces
ses
rese
arch
per
mit
s ar
e ne
eded
for
arch
aeol
ogic
al e
xcav
atio
ns (
whi
chis
a f
low
-on
from
a F
renc
h S
tate
law
and
thus
not
pec
ulia
r to
New
Cal
edon
ia)
rese
arch
ers
com
mon
ly c
onsu
lt w
ith
the
loca
l co
mm
unit
y, t
he c
hefr
é an
dth
e cu
ltur
al c
entr
e/A
DC
K o
n th
eir
proj
ects
. T
his
is d
one
both
out
of
cour
tesy
and
out
a s
ense
of
self
-pr
eser
vati
on,
as o
ther
wis
e no
one
wil
l be
abl
e to
or
wil
ling
to
help
if
prob
lem
s oc
cur.
ther
e is
no
need
for
a F
renc
h or
othe
r E
urop
ean
Uni
on r
esea
rche
rto
gai
n a
rese
arch
per
mit
(nat
iona
l of
oth
er o
rigi
n w
ill
need
an
entr
y vi
sa a
nd c
an t
hus
be r
egul
ated
---b
ut r
arel
y ar
e)
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.6.
Adm
inis
trat
ion
ofon
goin
g pr
ojec
ts4.
4. R
esea
rch
4.4.
7. R
ecor
ds d
epos
itor
yal
l ar
chiv
al d
ocum
ents
wil
l ha
ve t
obe
lod
ged
wit
h th
e te
rrit
oria
lar
chiv
es
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.8.
Acc
ess
to r
esul
tsth
e cu
ltur
al c
entr
e/A
DC
K s
tron
gly
enco
urag
es t
he f
eed
back
of
rese
arch
resu
lts
to t
he l
ocal
com
mun
ity
in a
fash
ion
that
is
wid
ely
unde
rsta
ndab
le t
o no
n sp
ecia
list
s
ther
e is
no
enfo
rcem
ent
of t
his
and
som
e re
sear
ch i
s ca
rrie
d ou
tw
itho
ut c
opie
s be
ing
sent
bac
kto
the
ter
rito
rial
arc
hive
s/li
brar
yan
d th
e A
DC
K, l
et a
lone
the
loca
l co
mm
unit
y
deve
lop
a po
licy
for
the
cul
tura
l ce
n-tr
e w
hich
tie
s an
y su
ppor
t (s
taff
tim
e et
c) o
f th
e ce
ntre
giv
en t
o a
rese
arch
pro
ject
to
a ta
ngib
lebe
nefi
t fo
r th
e co
mm
unit
yde
velo
p a
set
of g
uide
line
s w
hich
stip
ulat
e th
e re
quir
emen
ts f
or s
uch
publ
ic e
duca
tion
doc
umen
ts a
ndst
ipul
ate
the
leve
l of
exp
lana
tion
the
resu
ltin
g do
cum
ents
can
the
n be
used
for
pub
lic
educ
atio
n be
yond
the
vill
age
leve
l4.
5. H
erit
age
Sit
eM
anag
emen
t4.
5.1.
Acc
ess
to k
now
ledg
e
4.5.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Man
agem
ent
4.5.
2. O
wne
rshi
p of
sit
es
4.5.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Man
agem
ent
4.5.
3. S
igni
fica
nce
eval
u-at
ion
4.5.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Man
agem
ent
4.5.
4. D
evel
opm
ent
of s
ite
man
agem
ent
plan
s4.
5. H
erit
age
Sit
eM
anag
emen
t4.
5.5.
Int
erve
ntiv
e C
on-
serv
atio
n M
easu
res
4.6.
Loc
al C
ontr
ol4.
6.1.
Loc
al c
ontr
ol o
fda
ta/i
nfor
mat
ion
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia
4. C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge d
ata
man
agem
ent
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
106
—
4.6.
Loc
al C
ontr
ol4.
6.2.
Loc
al c
ontr
ol o
f ac
-ce
ss t
o si
tes
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia5.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
infr
astr
uctu
reA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
107
—
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
1. C
ore
heri
tage
gov
-er
nmen
t ag
enci
esen
thus
iast
ic,
tert
iary
edu
cate
d K
anak
as d
irec
tor
of t
he c
ultu
ral
cent
re/t
erri
tori
al m
useu
m
subs
tant
ial
and
prof
essi
onal
ly o
r-ga
nise
d pr
ogra
ms
for
arts
and
cul
ture
;th
e sk
illb
ase
of t
he c
ultu
ral
cent
re i
sbe
ing
wid
ened
wit
h em
ploy
men
t/t
rain
ing
unde
r w
ay f
or:
- 1
anth
ropo
logi
st-
1 m
edia
theq
ue m
anag
er-
1 li
brar
ian
- 1
mus
eum
adm
inis
trat
or-
1 co
mm
unic
atio
ns a
nd p
ubli
c ed
-uc
atio
n sp
ecia
list
Fun
ding
per
mit
s th
e cu
ltur
al c
entr
e to
hire
con
sult
ants
to
perf
orm
cer
tain
task
s
The
Fre
nch
Gov
ernm
ent
has
anO
RST
OM
off
ice
in N
oum
éa w
hich
isst
affe
d in
ter
alia
wit
h an
thro
pol-
ogis
ts a
nd a
rcha
eolo
gist
s, t
hus
prov
idin
g a
subs
tant
ial
reso
urce
bas
e
pote
ntia
lly
exce
ssiv
e w
orkl
oad
of t
he d
irec
tor
of t
he c
ultu
ral
cent
re,
wit
h su
bsta
ntia
l de
man
dsw
.r.t.
tim
e an
d ef
fort
sco
ntin
uous
ly b
eing
are
mad
e
no t
rain
ed c
onse
rvat
or t
o de
alw
ith
mat
eria
l cu
ltur
e ob
ject
sle
gisl
atio
n is
bei
ng p
asse
d w
ith-
out
prov
idin
g an
all
ocat
ion
for
reso
urce
s (b
oth
fina
ncia
l an
dst
affi
ng)
the
long
-ter
m o
f co
nsul
tant
s w
ill
incr
ease
the
rel
ianc
e of
the
cult
ural
cen
tre
on F
renc
h-fu
nded
staf
f an
d st
aff
supp
ort,
whi
chm
ay i
nflu
ence
or
set
the
agen
da
OR
TSO
M s
taff
can
be
draw
on
only
if
rese
arch
and
man
age-
men
t ne
eds
are
cong
ruen
tth
e pr
esen
ce o
f O
RS
TO
M s
taff
depe
nds
on p
roje
cts
carr
ied
out
by t
hem
. T
hus
pres
ence
of
expe
rtis
e ca
nnot
be
guar
ante
edth
e re
sour
ces
are
subj
ect
to t
heF
renc
h S
tate
and
may
not
be
avai
labl
e to
the
Ter
rito
rial
gov
-er
nmen
t or
the
pro
vinc
ial
gov-
ernm
ents
if a
nd w
hen
need
ed (
ifin
tim
e or
con
cept
ual
conf
lict
wit
h st
ate-
driv
en r
esea
rch
prog
ram
s)
a re
gion
al e
xcha
nge
of e
xper
tise
and
trai
ning
cou
ld b
e de
velo
ped
skil
l ba
se i
s li
mit
ed b
y th
eA
nglo
phon
e/F
ranc
opho
nedi
stin
ctio
ns
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
2. N
GO
age
ncie
s..
oo
0o
o..
..o
o0
oo
....
oo
0o
o..
..o
o0
oo
..
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
3. P
erip
hera
l he
rita
gego
vern
men
t ag
enci
es
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia5.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
infr
astr
uctu
reA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
108
—
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
4. P
riva
te S
ecto
r
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
5. I
nter
nati
onal
Vol
un-
teer
Bas
eit
is
poss
ible
to
attr
act
inte
rnal
Fre
nch
volu
ntee
rs w
ho w
ish
tope
rfor
m c
ivil
ser
vice
rat
her
than
mil
itar
y se
rvic
eth
ere
is a
dea
rth
of c
ultu
rall
y or
ient
edan
d sk
ille
d pe
ople
in
the
Fre
nch
volu
ntee
r ca
dre
expe
rien
ces
by t
he c
ultu
ral
cent
rew
ith
two
such
vol
unte
ers
have
not
been
suc
h th
at t
hese
vol
unte
ers
are
seen
a s
a v
iabl
e so
urce
of
proj
ect
assi
stan
ce
the
draw
dow
n of
the
Fre
nch
mil
i-ta
ry s
ervi
ce w
ith
the
poss
ible
aban
donm
ent
of c
ompu
lsor
ym
ilit
ary
serv
ice
in f
avou
r of
apr
ofes
sion
al m
ilit
ary
may
see
the
cut
back
or
abol
ishm
ent
ofth
e vo
lunt
eer
sche
me
bein
g le
gall
y de
emed
to
be p
art
ofF
ranc
e, N
ew C
aled
onia
doe
s no
tha
ve a
cces
s to
int
erna
tion
alvo
lunt
eer
prog
ram
mes
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
6. L
ocal
Vol
unte
erB
ase
ther
e is
a p
oten
tial
loc
al v
olun
teer
base
for
the
Eur
opea
n si
te/b
uild
ings
prog
ram
mes
elde
rs a
nd s
kill
ed c
raft
speo
ple
give
talk
s on
a v
olun
tary
in
the
trad
i-ti
onal
edu
cati
on e
lem
ent
in s
choo
ls
incr
easi
ngly
pay
men
t fo
r th
ese
serv
ices
is
requ
ired
as
peop
lere
alis
e th
at t
he t
each
ers
are
paid
for
a jo
b th
ey d
o no
t pe
rfor
m5.
1. E
xten
t of
ski
llba
se5.
1.7.
Tra
inin
g ag
enda
sth
e ne
ed t
o tr
ain
the
staf
f in
Eng
lish
com
pete
ncy
has
been
rec
ogni
sed
it h
as b
een
reco
gnis
ed t
hat
the
'tra-
diti
onal
' tr
aini
ng i
n P
aris
may
not
be a
ppro
pria
te f
or t
he n
eeds
of
New
Cal
edon
ia a
nd t
hat
trai
ning
may
need
to
be p
rocu
red
in t
he r
egio
n.A
ustr
alia
n an
d N
ew Z
eala
nd d
egre
es,
prev
ious
ly s
een
as s
ubst
anda
rdco
mpa
red
to a
deg
ree
from
a F
renc
hun
iver
sity
, ar
e no
w b
ecom
ing
acce
pted
/-ab
le
ther
e is
no
form
al s
taff
est
ab-
lish
men
t pl
an a
nd n
o fo
rmal
staf
f de
velo
pmen
t pl
an w
hich
mak
e lo
ng-t
erm
pla
nnin
g pr
ob-
lem
atic
the
trai
ning
age
nda
is d
evel
oped
in a
n ad
hoc
fas
hion
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
New
Cal
edon
ia5.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
infr
astr
uctu
reA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
109
—
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
1. E
xhib
itio
n B
uild
ing
deve
lopm
ent
of t
he A
Us
$ 80
mil
lion
Cul
tura
l C
entr
e Je
an-M
arie
Tji
baou
fund
ed b
y th
e F
renc
h S
tate
) pr
ovid
esm
ajor
boo
st f
or e
xhib
itio
ns,
cult
ural
act
ivit
ies
and
rese
arch
the
Fre
nch
Sta
te w
ill
prov
ide
1/3
ofth
e an
nual
ope
rati
ng b
udge
t, w
ith
1/3
to b
e pa
id b
y th
e te
rrit
oria
lad
min
istr
atio
n an
d th
e re
mai
ning
1/3
to b
e fu
nded
els
ewhe
re,
mai
nly
via
inco
me
gene
rati
ng s
chem
es
the
new
cul
tura
l cen
tre
wil
l req
uire
a su
bsta
ntia
l co
mm
itm
ent
for
ongo
ing
oper
atin
g co
sts
and
mai
nten
ance
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
2. A
dmin
istr
atio
n5.
2. B
uild
ings
/Pla
nt5.
2.3.
Col
lect
ion
Sto
rage
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
4. P
rofe
ssio
nal
Lib
rary
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
5. T
reat
men
t L
abor
a-to
ry5.
2. B
uild
ings
/Pla
nt5.
2.6.
Per
form
ance
Fac
ilit
y5.
2. B
uild
ings
/Pla
nt5.
2.7.
Pub
lic
Lib
rary
The
Bib
liot
hequ
e B
ernh
eim
pro
vide
sth
e se
rvic
es o
f a
terr
itor
ial
libr
ary
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
8. (
Mus
eum
) S
hop
5.3.
Equ
ipm
ent
5.3.
1. S
atur
atio
n w
ith
com
pute
rs5.
3. E
quip
men
t5.
3.2.
Off
ice
equi
pmen
t5.
3. E
quip
men
t5.
3.3.
Rec
ordi
ng/e
diti
ngS
uite
5.3.
Equ
ipm
ent
5.3.
4.
Pho
topr
oduc
tion
/Dar
kroo
m5.
4. O
pera
tion
s5.
4.1.
Ope
rati
onal
con
-st
rain
ts5.
4. O
pera
tion
s5.
4.2.
Mob
ilit
y of
sta
ff(a
ttit
udes
)5.
4. O
pera
tion
s5.
4.3.
Mob
ilit
y of
sta
ff(v
ehic
les
etc.
)5.
5. C
omm
unic
a-ti
on
s5.
5.1.
Pol
icy
5.5.
Com
mun
ica-
tio
ns
5.5.
2. F
ield
wor
ker
com
-m
unic
atio
ns5.
5. C
omm
unic
a-ti
on
s5.
5.3.
Acc
ess
to t
he I
n-te
rnet
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n , M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
— 1
10 —
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a1.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
man
ifes
tatio
nsC
ateg
ory
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
1.1.
Im
mov
able
Cul
tura
l H
erit
age
1.1.
1. A
rcha
eolo
gya
rich
arc
haeo
logi
cal
heri
tage
exi
sts
thro
ugho
ut t
he c
ount
ry p
art
ofw
hich
has
bee
n do
cum
ente
d;ar
chae
olog
ical
res
earc
h an
ddo
cum
enta
tion
of
the
site
s is
carr
ied
out
by t
he N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
as w
ell
as o
vers
eas
rese
arch
ers
reso
urce
bas
e is
thr
eate
ned
byde
velo
pmen
t an
d na
tura
l de
cay;
the
reso
urce
bas
e is
so
big
and
sova
ried
tha
t th
e cu
rren
t st
aff
reso
urce
s ar
e ov
erst
retc
hed
toac
hiev
e ad
equa
te c
over
age
impr
ove
the
stre
ngth
and
cap
abil
itie
sof
the
pro
vinc
ial
auth
orit
ies
toco
nduc
t ar
chae
olog
ical
res
earc
h;es
tabl
ish
a su
ppor
t ba
se i
n th
eN
GO
s to
coo
rdin
ate
the
fiel
dwor
kpr
ogra
m o
n a
regi
onal
/pro
vinc
ial
leve
l.;
esta
blis
h co
mm
unit
you
trea
ch/f
ield
wor
ker
prog
ram
mes
sim
ilar
to
the
Van
uatu
mod
el
prov
inci
al g
over
nmen
ts a
rebe
ing
reor
gani
sed
are
loos
ing
som
e of
the
irpo
wer
s; p
rovi
ncia
lgo
vern
men
ts h
ave
vari
edin
tere
st,
inte
r al
iade
velo
pmen
t of
the
irec
onom
ies,
tha
t ta
kepr
iori
ty.
Pro
vinc
ial
gove
rnm
ent
posi
tion
s ar
eno
t ve
ry w
ell
paid
, th
usat
trac
ting
qua
lifi
ed s
taff
may
be
a pr
oble
m.
1.1.
Im
mov
able
Cul
tura
l H
erit
age
1.1.
2. H
isto
ric
site
sth
ere
is a
var
ied
arch
itec
tura
l hi
stor
yin
the
are
a, r
angi
ng f
rom
hom
este
ads
of p
lant
ers
of G
erm
an,
Bri
tish
Aus
tral
ian
and
othe
r or
igin
,to
mis
sion
sta
tion
s an
d ea
rly
gold
min
ing
site
s (d
redg
es);
abun
danc
e of
WW
II s
ites
, man
y of
whi
ch a
re d
ocum
ente
d or
in
the
proc
ess
of d
ocum
enta
tion
no s
yste
mat
ic s
urve
y ha
s be
enco
nduc
ted
or i
s in
pro
gres
s. M
uch
of t
he w
ork
is d
rive
n so
lely
by
WW
II e
nthu
sias
ts,
inte
rest
ed i
nsa
lvag
ing
mat
eria
l;un
coor
dina
ted
appr
oach
es p
reva
ilal
so i
n th
e W
W I
I ar
ena
deve
lopm
ent
of a
his
tori
c bu
ildi
ngs
& s
ites
reg
iste
r an
d a
syst
emat
icsu
rvey
for
the
se s
ites
, co
ncur
rent
wit
h ar
chae
olog
ical
sur
veys
;de
velo
pmen
t of
a p
roce
dure
for
the
docu
men
tati
on a
nd c
lass
ific
atio
n of
such
sit
es
Eur
opea
n he
rita
ge a
s a
non-
indi
geno
us h
erit
age
is n
otre
cogn
ised
as
ofim
port
ance
. S
pend
ing
fund
s on
the
doc
umen
tati
onof
suc
h si
tes
may
be
seen
as a
neo
-col
onia
l ac
tivi
ty.
1.1.
Im
mov
able
Cul
tura
l H
erit
age
1.1.
3. S
ettl
emen
t pa
tter
nsan
d vi
llag
e la
y-ou
tth
e U
nive
rsit
y of
Tec
hnol
ogy
at L
aeha
s be
gun
wit
h th
e sy
stem
atic
docu
men
tati
on o
f tr
adit
iona
lvi
llag
e la
yout
s an
d ho
use
cons
truc
tion
tec
hniq
ues
and
is i
nth
e po
sses
sion
of
a go
odco
llec
tion
of
plan
s
the
effo
rts
are
not
tied
in
wit
h a
gene
ral
nati
on-w
ide
surv
eysc
hem
e (f
or e
x. w
ith
the
anth
ropo
logy
dep
t of
the
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m).
impr
ove
the
inte
grat
ion
of t
hevi
llag
e la
y-ou
t an
d ho
use
cons
truc
tion
ski
lls
/kno
wle
dge
into
the
over
all
anth
ropo
logi
cal
docu
men
tati
on s
chem
e
1.2.
Mov
eabl
eC
ultu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
2.1.
Mat
eria
lcu
ltur
e/cr
afts
subs
tant
ial
and
prof
essi
onal
lyor
gani
sed
prog
ram
s fo
r ar
ts a
ndcu
lture
ther
e is
no
syst
emat
ic a
ctiv
eco
llec
tion
pol
icy,
no
syst
emat
icpl
an t
o co
ver
the
area
of
PN
G.
Acq
uisi
tion
opt
ions
dep
end
ofte
non
wal
k-in
sit
uati
ons
and
are
gove
rned
by
the
nati
onal
gove
rnm
ents
fun
ding
all
ocat
ion.
litt
le a
ctiv
e fi
eld
coll
ecti
on t
akes
plac
e
fund
the
col
lect
ion
of m
ater
ial
cult
ure
item
s in
the
fie
ld t
o fa
cili
tate
the
coll
ecti
on o
f al
l as
soci
ated
trad
itio
ns a
nd i
nfor
mat
ion;
deve
lop
a ne
eds
anal
ysis
for
the
coll
ecti
on a
nd e
stab
lish
col
lect
ion
prio
riti
es
clas
hing
fun
ding
pri
orit
ies
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n , M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a1.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
man
ifes
tatio
nsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
111
—
1.2.
Mov
eabl
eC
ultu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
2.2.
His
tori
c m
ater
ial
a m
oder
n hi
stor
y un
it h
as b
een
esta
blis
hed
the
coll
ecti
on p
olic
y fo
r th
em
oder
n hi
stor
y co
llec
tion
is
not
deve
lope
d. o
ngoi
ng c
olle
ctio
n is
larg
ely
sere
ndip
ituo
us a
ndde
pend
s on
the
int
eres
ts o
f th
ein
divi
dual
s de
velo
ping
the
coll
ecti
on;
too
muc
h of
the
cur
rent
act
ivit
ies
focu
s on
the
WW
II
peri
od;
muc
h of
the
col
onia
l he
rita
geit
ems
are
thre
aten
ed b
y de
cay
and
negl
ect
deve
lop
a ne
eds
anal
ysis
for
the
coll
ecti
on a
nd e
stab
lish
col
lect
ion
prio
riti
es
it m
ay b
e po
liti
call
yun
acce
ptab
le t
o ex
pend
fund
s on
col
onia
l er
a an
dm
oder
n er
a it
ems
and
plac
es w
hen
ther
e is
not
enou
gh f
undi
ng a
vail
able
to l
ook
afte
r th
ear
chae
olog
ical
and
trad
itio
nal
site
s an
d it
ems
1.2.
Mov
eabl
eC
ultu
ral
Her
itag
e1.
2.3.
Arc
hiva
l do
cum
ents
the
Nat
iona
l A
rchi
ve c
olle
cts
pape
r-ba
sed
arch
ival
mat
eria
l as
wel
l as
hist
oric
ph
otog
raph
s;th
e In
stit
ute
of P
NG
Stu
dies
has
aco
llec
tion
of
arch
ival
mat
eria
l
the
inte
grat
ion
of t
he a
rchi
ves
wit
h th
e ot
her
coll
ecti
onag
enci
es (
for
cult
ural
her
itag
em
ater
ial)
is
not
wel
l de
velo
ped
deve
lop
an o
vera
rchi
ng p
olic
y th
atcl
earl
y as
sign
s re
spon
sibi
liti
es t
oen
sure
a s
eam
less
int
egra
tion
and
cove
rage
of
al f
ield
of
coll
ecti
on
1.2.
Mov
eabl
eC
ultu
ral
Her
itag
e1
.2.3
.A
rcha
eolo
gica
l/pr
ehis
tori
c m
ater
ial
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m i
s pr
esen
tly
unde
rtak
ing
an i
nven
tory
of
trad
itio
nal
and
apr
ehis
tori
c/ar
chae
olog
ical
mat
eria
lhe
ld i
n vi
llag
es/p
riva
te h
ands
and
in o
vers
eas
coll
ecti
ons
The
Nat
iona
l Mus
eum
acq
uire
sit
ems
that
com
e up
for
sal
e if
the
fund
s pe
rmit
smug
glin
g of
ite
ms
is h
ard
to d
etec
t an
d to
pre
vent
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
tura
l H
erit
age
1.3.
1. L
and
tenu
reso
cial
map
ping
of
the
info
rmat
ion
held
in
the
arch
ives
of
the
Dep
artm
ent
of L
ands
has
beg
un;
ther
e is
a W
orld
Ban
k pr
opos
al t
ore
gist
er a
ll t
radi
tion
ally
ow
ned
land
no f
orm
al d
ocum
enta
tion
sys
tem
has
been
est
abli
shed
. S
ome
land
tenu
re i
s co
llec
ted
by U
nive
rsit
yof
Tec
hnol
ogy
Lae
as
part
of
the
vill
age
patt
ern
stud
y
it m
ay b
e so
cial
lyun
acce
ptab
le (
at t
he v
illa
gele
vel)
to
regi
ster
all
trad
itio
nal
land
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
tura
l H
erit
age
1.3.
2. G
enea
logi
esth
e ge
neal
ogic
al t
radi
tion
s of
the
PN
G p
opul
atio
n is
var
ied
and
com
plex
, re
flec
ting
a r
ichn
ess
ofcu
ltur
al d
iver
sity
no f
orm
al d
ocum
enta
tion
sys
tem
has
been
est
abli
shed
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
tura
l H
erit
age
1.3.
3. L
ingu
isti
csP
NG
has
the
gre
ates
t nu
mbe
r of
lang
uage
s in
any
giv
en c
ount
ry o
nea
rth
the
rich
div
ersi
ty o
f la
ngua
ges
pose
s ch
alle
nge
in t
erm
s of
docu
men
tati
on a
nd o
ngoi
ngut
ilis
atio
n in
the
fac
e of
Pid
gin
and
Eng
lish
cont
inue
the
doc
umen
tati
on o
f lo
cal
lang
uage
s;co
ntin
ue t
he i
nteg
rati
on o
f lo
cal
lang
uage
cur
ricu
la i
nto
the
scho
olsy
stem
chan
ging
cul
tura
l va
lues
and
an i
ncre
ased
sta
tus
ofE
ngli
sh m
ay c
reat
epr
essu
res
on g
over
nmen
tag
enci
es n
ot t
o fo
ster
loc
alla
ngua
ge d
evel
opm
ent
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n , M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a1.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
man
ifes
tatio
nsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
112
—
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
tura
l H
erit
age
1.3.
4. O
ral
trad
itio
nsPN
G h
as a
n ab
unda
nce
of o
ral
trad
itio
ns i
n al
l lo
cal
lang
uage
s as
wel
l as
in
pidg
in
ther
e is
no
agen
cy c
harg
ed w
ith
the
resp
onsi
bili
ty o
fsy
stem
atic
ally
doc
umen
ting
the
oral
tra
diti
ons
and
the
cont
ext
inw
hich
the
y ex
ist
deve
lop
an o
ral
trad
itio
nsdo
cum
enta
tion
uni
t us
ing
vide
ote
chno
logy
;es
tabl
ish
a tr
adit
ions
sto
rage
are
a in
each
pro
vinc
e w
hich
doc
umen
ts t
hetr
adit
ions
and
sen
ds t
ape
copi
es t
o a
cent
ral
depo
sito
ry i
n P
ort
Mor
esby
to s
afeg
uard
for
nat
ural
dis
aste
rim
pact
s
the
com
plex
ity
of t
he t
ask
may
be
seen
as
over
whe
lmin
g
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
tura
l H
erit
age
1.3.
5. P
erfo
rman
cetr
adit
ions
ther
e is
a w
ealt
h of
per
form
ance
trad
itio
ns i
n P
NG
, so
me
of w
hich
is b
eing
doc
umen
ted
by t
heN
atio
nal
Fil
m A
rchi
ve a
s w
ell
asfo
reig
n re
sear
cher
s
the
spre
ad o
f T
V/V
ideo
is
thre
aten
ing
the
wid
e sp
read
prac
tice
of
trad
itio
nal
perf
orm
ance
art
s, r
emov
ing
them
from
dai
ly l
ife
to a
sta
tus
ofsp
ecia
l oc
casi
ons;
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
tura
l H
erit
age
1.3.
6. M
usic
The
Ins
titu
te o
f P
NG
Stu
dies
has
mad
e a
coll
ecti
on o
f tr
adit
iona
lm
usic
and
pro
duce
d a
seri
es o
fpu
blic
atio
ns o
n th
e is
sue
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
tura
l H
erit
age
1.3.
7. T
radi
tion
alob
liga
tion
s/ex
chan
gesy
stem
s
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
tura
l H
erit
age
1.3.
8. T
radi
tion
al p
olit
ical
syst
ems
(hie
rarc
hies
/chi
efly
stru
ctur
es e
tc..)
1.3.
Int
angi
ble
Cul
tura
l H
erit
age
1.3.
9. T
radi
tion
al s
kill
san
d kn
owle
dge
trad
itio
nal
skil
ls a
re r
ecog
nise
d a
sign
ific
ant
cont
ribu
tor
to t
hepr
esen
t mak
e up
of
PNG
cul
ture
;tr
adit
iona
l sk
ills
con
trib
ute
to t
helo
cal
econ
omy
via
impo
rtsu
bsti
tuti
on;
som
e do
cum
enta
tion
and
fos
teri
ngpr
ogra
ms
are
bein
g ex
ecut
ed b
y th
eN
atio
nal
Cul
tura
l C
omm
issi
on
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n , M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
— 1
13 —
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Cat
egor
yIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts2.
1. H
erit
age
Pol
icy
2.1.
1. A
ttit
ude
to P
olic
yth
ere
is a
‘tr
adit
ion’
of
cult
ural
poli
cy d
evel
opm
ent
from
the
1970
s an
d 19
80s
as e
vide
nce
byth
e C
ultu
ral
Dev
elop
men
t A
cts
of19
74 (
repe
aled
); 1
982
(rep
eale
d)an
d 19
86 (
repe
aled
)
cult
ural
pol
icy
has
been
des
crib
edas
a p
olit
ical
foo
tbal
l re
sult
ing
in l
arge
shi
fts
in p
olic
y an
dad
min
istr
ativ
e st
ruct
ure
whe
neve
rgo
vern
men
t ch
ange
s
2.1.
Her
itag
e P
olic
y2.
1.2.
Nat
iona
l H
erit
age
Pol
icy
a no
tion
al c
ultu
ral
heri
tage
um
brel
laex
ists
;th
e N
atio
nal
Cul
tura
l C
omm
issi
on i
sin
the
pro
cess
of
draf
ting
a c
ultu
ral
poli
cy t
hat
wil
l go
vern
the
act
ions
of t
he N
atio
nal
Cul
tura
lC
omm
issi
on,
but
thro
ugh
the
awar
d of
fun
ds w
ill
also
inf
luen
ceot
her
exec
utin
g ag
enci
es
the
poli
cies
are
fre
quen
tly
mod
ifie
d an
d/or
not
adh
ered
to;
chan
ging
pol
itic
al f
ortu
nes
imm
edia
tely
tra
nsla
te i
nto
rear
rang
emen
ts o
f go
vern
men
tpo
rtfo
lios
and
pol
icie
s;th
ese
chan
ges
resu
lt i
n re
duce
dst
aff
prod
ucti
vity
and
mor
ale;
usua
lly
litt
le f
undi
ng i
s se
t as
ide
toim
plem
ent
the
poli
cies
;th
e po
lici
es a
rriv
ed a
t se
em t
oha
ve b
een
deve
lope
d by
the
rele
vant
min
istr
y w
ith
som
eco
nsul
tati
on w
ith
the
nati
onal
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
agen
cies
(NR
I. N
CC
, NM
). A
hol
isti
cap
proa
ch i
s ab
sent
and
no
full
stak
ehol
der
cons
ulta
tion
has
been
car
ried
out
.
deve
lop
the
fram
ewor
k fo
r a
nati
onal
cult
ural
con
vent
ion
and
esta
blis
h a
cult
ural
pol
icy
that
is
'ow
ned'
and
adhe
red
to b
y th
e pr
ovin
cial
gove
rnm
ents
, th
e na
tion
al h
erit
age
man
agem
ent
agen
cies
, th
e ot
her
gove
rnm
ent
depa
rtm
ents
as
wel
l as
the
non-
gove
rnm
ent
stak
ehol
ders
such
a c
onve
ntio
n m
ay n
otbe
pol
itic
ally
acc
epta
ble
asit
can
be
inte
rpre
ted
aser
odin
g th
e au
thor
ity
of t
heM
inis
try
of T
ouri
sm,
Cul
ture
and
Civ
il A
viat
ion
2.1.
Her
itag
e P
olic
y2
.1.3
.In
stit
utio
nal/
Dep
artm
enta
l po
licy
the
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m h
as i
n pl
ace
ase
t of
gen
eral
pol
icie
s, a
s w
ell
as a
draf
t 5-
year
whi
ch w
ill
beco
mpl
eted
by
late
199
6;th
e N
atio
nal
Cul
tura
l C
omm
issi
on i
sin
the
pro
cess
of
draf
ting
a c
ultu
ral
poli
cy t
hat
wil
l go
vern
the
act
ions
of t
he N
atio
nal
Cul
tura
lC
omm
issi
on;
the
dire
ctor
of
the
Nat
iona
l M
useu
mas
wel
l as
the
dir
ecto
r of
the
Nat
iona
l C
ultu
ral
Com
mis
sion
are
poli
tica
l ap
poin
tmen
ts
the
inte
grat
ion
of t
his
poli
cy w
ith
the
nati
onal
pol
icy
and
wit
h th
epo
lici
es o
f ot
her
gove
rnm
ent
agen
cies
cha
rged
wit
h he
rita
gem
anag
emen
t is
unc
lear
;th
e di
rect
or o
f th
e N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
as
wel
l as
the
dire
ctor
of
the
Nat
iona
l C
ultu
ral
Com
mis
sion
are
pol
itic
alap
poin
tmen
ts s
o th
at c
hang
es i
ngo
vern
men
t m
ay b
ring
abo
utch
ange
s in
the
adm
inis
trat
ion
and
poli
cy o
f th
e N
atio
nal
Cul
tura
l C
omm
issi
on a
nd t
heN
atio
nal
Mus
eum
deve
lopm
ent
of s
tron
g in
stit
utio
nal
poli
cies
in
lie
wit
h an
ove
rarc
hing
nati
onal
pol
icy
Spen
nem
ann,
& M
eyen
n , M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
114
—
2.1.
Her
itag
e P
olic
y2.
1.4.
P
rovi
ncia
l/D
istr
ict
Pol
icy
the
loca
l go
vern
men
t co
mm
issi
onbi
ll t
asks
the
pro
vinc
es w
ith
the
deve
lopm
ent
of t
heir
ow
n po
lici
es;
som
e pr
ovin
ces
have
dev
elop
edth
eir
own
cult
ural
pol
icie
s;th
e N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
has
pro
vide
din
put
into
the
dev
elop
men
t of
prov
inci
al c
ultu
ral
poli
cies
for
New
Irel
and,
Wes
t N
ew B
rita
in a
ndC
him
bu P
rovi
nce
the
pres
ence
and
im
plem
enta
tion
of c
ultu
ral
poli
cies
dep
ends
ver
ym
uch
on t
he c
ultu
ral
offi
cers
pai
dby
the
pro
vinc
ial
gove
rnm
ent.
Whi
le t
here
are
a s
ever
al v
ery
acti
ve c
ultu
ral
offi
cers
in
som
epr
ovin
ces,
oth
ers
are
ther
e in
the
nam
e on
ly a
nd p
erfo
rm m
anly
non-
cult
ure-
rela
ted
duti
es
deve
lop
wor
kabl
e pr
ovin
cial
cul
tura
lpo
lici
es
2.2.
Cul
tura
lH
erit
age
Leg
isla
tion
2.2.
1. A
ppro
pria
tene
ssth
ere
is n
o le
gisl
atio
n go
vern
ing
acu
ltur
al u
mbr
ella
org
anis
atio
n as
the
Nat
iona
l C
ultu
ral
Cou
ncil
is
now
def
unct
the
heri
tage
leg
isla
tion
doe
s no
tad
equa
tely
cov
er t
he c
olon
ial
past
revi
ew t
he a
ppro
pria
tene
ss o
f th
ehe
rita
ge l
egis
lati
on i
n vi
ew o
fch
ange
s he
rita
ge m
anag
emen
tco
ncep
ts a
nd s
tand
ards
2.2.
Cul
tura
lH
erit
age
Leg
isla
tion
2.2.
2. L
evel
of
prot
ecti
onA
nat
iona
l cu
ltur
al p
rese
rvat
ion
act
is i
n pl
ace;
the
hist
oric
her
itag
e is
in
part
prot
ecte
d th
roug
h th
e W
ar S
urpl
usM
ater
ials
Act
;
curr
ent
leve
ls o
f fi
nes
are
inad
equa
te r
esul
ting
in
the
loss
of
cult
ural
art
efac
ts t
hrou
gh e
xpor
t,an
d in
the
los
s of
sit
es t
hrou
ghde
velo
pmen
t an
d in
adve
rten
tde
stru
ctio
n;th
e pr
otec
tion
of
site
s un
der
the
envi
ronm
enta
l le
gisl
atio
n is
not
full
y gi
ven
a br
oad
revi
ew o
f th
e pr
eser
vati
on a
ctis
nee
ded
in t
he l
ight
of
the
new
type
s of
thr
eats
(m
inin
g, l
oggi
nget
c.)
to t
he r
esou
rce
base
ther
e is
nee
d to
im
prov
e th
e li
nks
betw
een
cult
ural
ins
titu
tion
s an
d la
wen
forc
emen
t or
gani
sati
ons
topr
even
t th
e sm
uggl
ing
of c
ultu
ral
prop
erty
it w
as i
ndic
ated
tha
t th
ere
isus
uall
y a
grea
t de
lay
betw
een
the
draf
ting
of
the
legi
slat
ion
and
its
tabl
ing
and
disc
ussi
on i
npa
rlia
men
t.
Spen
nem
ann,
& M
eyen
n , M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
115
—
2.2.
Cul
tura
lH
erit
age
Leg
isla
tion
2.2.
3. E
nfor
cem
ent
the
heri
tage
leg
isla
tion
is
bein
gen
forc
ed b
y bo
th t
he N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
and
the
nat
iona
l cu
stom
sau
thor
itie
s;th
e m
useu
m s
ees
a ne
ed t
o co
uple
the
puni
tive
pro
visi
ons
of t
hele
gisl
atio
n w
ith
publ
ic e
duca
tion
;so
far
non
e of
the
enf
orce
men
t ca
ses
has
ende
d up
in
cour
t. T
he s
tatu
s of
com
mon
law
in
PN
G i
s re
lati
vely
unde
velo
ped,
whi
ch w
ould
pre
vent
rogu
e ju
dici
al d
ecis
ions
fro
mbe
com
ing
bind
ing
prec
eden
ts;
all
arch
aeol
ogic
al c
ompo
nent
s E
ISpr
ojec
ts a
re c
arri
ed o
ut b
y th
em
useu
m w
hich
per
mit
s to
uph
old
high
pro
fess
iona
l st
anda
rds
enfo
rcem
ent
of t
he E
IS l
egis
lati
onan
d th
e fi
ndin
gs o
f th
e im
pact
asse
ssm
ents
is
part
of
the
duti
es o
fth
e so
cial
mon
itor
ing
unit
of
the
Dep
artm
ent
of t
he E
nvir
onm
ent
and
Con
serv
atio
n
ther
e is
pol
itic
al i
nter
fere
nce
wit
hth
e en
forc
emen
t of
the
her
itag
ele
gisl
atio
n;sm
all
item
s, c
arri
ed i
n ha
ndlu
ggag
e te
nd t
o go
and
can
not
bede
tect
ed/r
ecov
ered
;m
uch
of t
he e
nfor
cem
ent
reli
es o
ncu
stom
tip
off
s;m
onit
orin
g of
the
air
port
s to
prev
ent
indi
vidu
als
from
lea
ving
unde
tect
ed t
ies
up s
taff
res
ourc
es;
the
Soc
ial
Mon
itor
ing
Uni
t of
the
Dep
artm
ent
of t
he E
nvir
onm
ent
and
Con
serv
atio
n ap
pear
s to
be
subj
ect
to i
nter
nal
pres
sure
;th
e S
ocia
l M
onit
orin
g U
nit
isun
ders
taff
ed t
o en
forc
e is
sues
. In
addi
tion
it
is p
lace
d at
a l
evel
wit
hin
the
bure
aucr
atic
hie
rarc
hyth
at m
ay s
tifl
e an
y m
eani
ngfu
lm
itig
ativ
e pr
ogra
m;
reco
mm
ende
d ac
tion
is
ofte
n no
tac
ted
upon
due
to
poli
tica
lre
ason
s;so
me
com
pani
es/p
roje
cts
are
mad
eex
empt
fro
m t
he i
mpa
ctle
gisl
atio
n if
thi
s is
dee
med
in
the
nati
onal
int
eres
t (e
g O
kT
edi)
;
cont
inue
the
pub
lic
educ
atio
nca
mpa
ign
to e
nsur
e th
at t
he r
elev
ant
cult
ural
ite
ms
do n
ot l
eave
the
com
mun
itie
s to
whi
ch t
hey
belo
ng;
impr
ove
loca
l po
lici
ng o
f ar
tefa
ctm
ovem
ents
;im
prov
e th
e he
rita
ge l
egis
lati
on t
ofo
rce
airl
ines
to
reve
al t
heir
pass
enge
r li
st t
o au
thor
ised
her
itag
een
forc
emen
t of
fice
rs
2.2.
Cul
tura
lH
erit
age
Leg
isla
tion
2.2.
4. P
rote
ctio
n of
inta
ngib
le h
erit
age
exis
tenc
e of
a v
iabl
e an
d vi
bran
tin
tang
ible
cul
tura
l he
rita
ge;
at p
rese
nt t
here
is
no c
opy-
righ
tla
w in
PN
Gde
velo
p an
int
elle
ctua
l pr
oper
ties
law
and
copy
righ
t la
w f
or P
NG
2.2.
Cul
tura
lH
erit
age
Leg
isla
tion
2.2.
5. R
esea
rch
Per
mit
sa
syst
em f
or t
he r
evie
w,
eval
uati
onan
d gr
anti
ng o
f re
sear
ch p
erm
its
isin
pla
ce,
man
aged
by
the
Nat
iona
lIn
stit
ute
for
Res
earc
h
Spen
nem
ann,
& M
eyen
n , M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
116
—
2.3.
Her
itag
eP
lann
ing
2.2.
1. A
ttit
ude
to P
lann
ing
cult
ural
her
itag
e w
as p
art
of t
hego
vern
men
t pl
anni
ng p
roce
ssw
hen
a pl
anni
ng c
omm
issi
onex
iste
d
a do
cum
ent
Fiv
e Y
ear
Cul
tura
lde
velo
pmen
t P
lan
1990
-199
5 ha
sbe
en p
rodu
ced
heri
tage
is
not
seen
as
a‘p
lann
able
’ it
em b
y th
e he
rita
gem
anag
emen
t ag
enci
es b
eyon
d th
ein
fras
truc
ture
/pla
nt e
lem
ents
and
the
staf
f ba
se;
the
conc
eptu
al f
ram
ewor
k fo
rhe
rita
ge p
lani
ng d
ies
not
exte
ndbe
yond
fin
anci
al/b
udge
tary
plan
ning
none
of
the
peop
le t
alke
d to
actu
ally
ref
erre
d to
or
men
tion
edth
is p
anni
ng d
ocum
ent;
deve
lop
a ri
goro
us p
lann
ing
regi
me
in t
he v
ario
us c
ultu
ral
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
agen
cies
to
faci
lita
teth
e sy
stem
atic
med
ium
- an
d lo
ng-
term
man
agem
ent
of t
he h
erit
age
asse
ts i
n th
e co
untr
y
plan
ing
mus
t be
con
duct
ed i
n al
lin
clus
ive
man
ner
ensu
ring
tha
t al
lst
akeh
olde
rs a
re a
dequ
atel
yre
pres
ente
d
2.3.
Her
itag
eP
lann
ing
2.2.
2. N
atio
nal
Lev
elP
lann
ing
the
Nat
iona
l P
lann
ing
Off
ice
isfo
rmal
ly t
aske
d w
ith
the
plan
ning
thro
ugho
ut P
NG
. S
ecto
r pl
ans
are
bein
g dr
awn
up;
cult
ural
her
itag
e ha
s be
en m
ade
part
of t
he s
ocia
l se
rvic
es s
ecto
r
no n
atio
nal
heri
tage
pla
nnin
gfr
amew
ork
exis
ts;
the
heri
tage
age
ncie
s ar
e no
t fu
lly
awar
e of
the
ir r
ole
in t
hefo
rmul
atio
n of
the
sec
tor
plan
sfo
r th
e na
tion
al f
ive-
year
pla
ns;
the
staf
f of
the
Nat
iona
l P
lann
ing
Off
ice
are
all
mac
ro-p
lann
ers
from
the
Min
istr
y of
Fin
ance
wit
h li
ttle
exp
erie
nce
in h
erit
age
plan
ning
and
wit
h li
ttle
(if
any
)in
tere
st t
o pu
rsue
thi
s av
enue
deve
lop
the
nece
ssar
y pl
anni
ngsk
ills
to
cond
uct
syst
emat
ic n
eeds
anal
yses
and
pla
n re
view
pro
cess
esbo
th o
n th
e na
tion
al a
nd t
hepr
ovin
cial
lev
els;
empo
wer
the
rel
evan
t he
rita
gem
anag
emen
t ag
enci
es i
n th
ede
velo
pmen
t of
mea
ning
ful
sect
orpl
ans
the
fund
ing
leve
ls g
rant
edby
the
Nat
iona
lgo
vern
men
t ar
e no
t fu
lly
pred
icta
ble
2.3.
Her
itag
eP
lann
ing
2.2
.3.
Inst
itut
iona
l/D
epar
tmen
tal
Pla
nnin
g
som
e ad
hoc
pla
nnin
g oc
curs
;th
e ne
ed f
or a
mor
e ri
goro
uspl
anni
ng a
ppro
ach
is b
eing
reco
gnis
ed b
y so
me
agen
cies
no s
yste
mat
ic i
nsti
tuti
onal
plan
ning
exi
sts.
Mos
t pl
anni
ngis
con
duct
ed i
n an
ad
hoc
acti
onto
sol
ve i
mm
edia
te p
robl
ems.
Lit
tle
plan
ing
beyo
nd t
hefi
nanc
ial
year
cyc
le i
s co
nduc
ted
deve
lop
the
nece
ssar
y pl
anni
ngsk
ills
to
cond
uct
syst
emat
ic n
eeds
anal
yses
and
pla
n re
view
pro
cess
esat
the
ins
titu
tion
al l
evel
s.
lack
of
poli
tica
l w
ill
to s
eeth
roug
h th
e pl
anni
ngex
erci
se;
ther
e is
an
ingr
aine
d‘t
radi
tion
’; o
f ad
hoc
plan
ning
tha
t m
ay h
inde
r a
fres
h an
d co
mpr
ehen
sive
appr
oach
to
plan
ning
2.3.
Her
itag
eP
lann
ing
2.2.
4.
Pro
vinc
ial/
Dis
tric
tL
evel
Pla
nnin
gIn
the
197
0s a
ttem
pts
at p
rovi
ncia
lhe
rita
ge/c
ultu
ral
man
agem
ent
plan
ning
wer
e m
ade
no s
yste
mat
ic o
r ad
hoc
pla
nnin
gon
cul
tura
l he
rita
ge m
atte
rsex
ists
wit
hin
the
prov
ince
s, a
sth
ese
issu
es h
ave
a lo
wer
pri
orit
yth
an e
duca
tion
and
eco
nom
icde
velo
pmen
t
deve
lop
an a
ppre
ciat
ion
for
the
need
to p
lan
cult
ural
her
itag
em
anag
emen
t at
the
pro
vinc
ial
leve
l
fund
ing
lim
itat
ions
;la
ck o
f po
liti
cal
wil
l by
the
prov
inci
al g
over
nmen
ts t
ose
e th
roug
h a
plan
ning
exer
cise
Spen
nem
ann,
& M
eyen
n , M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
117
—
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.1.
Nat
iona
lG
over
nmen
tth
e fu
ndin
g ba
se f
or t
he N
atio
nal
Cul
tura
l C
omm
issi
on a
nd t
heN
atio
nal
Mus
eum
rel
ies
to n
ear
100%
on
the
nati
onal
gov
ernm
ent.
The
fun
ding
lev
els
gran
ted
by t
heN
atio
nal
gove
rnm
ent
are
full
ypr
edic
tabl
e
the
re i
s on
ly n
egli
gibl
e ou
tsid
efu
ndin
g av
aila
ble
for
the
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m a
nd t
heN
atio
nal
Cul
tura
l C
omm
issi
on.
The
spe
cial
aid
agr
eem
ent
betw
een
Aus
tral
ia a
nd th
e PN
Ggo
vern
men
t ba
rs P
NG
fro
map
plyi
ng t
o th
e S
outh
Pac
ific
Cul
ture
s Fu
nd;
othe
r A
mba
ssad
oria
l di
scre
tion
ary
fund
s ar
e be
ing
used
, but
the
sefu
nds
are
usua
lly
very
sm
all;
the
inco
me
gene
rate
d by
the
mus
eum
is
very
sm
all,
(thr
ough
the
book
shop
for
ex,
.) b
ut t
here
is p
ress
ure
on i
ncre
asin
g se
lffu
ndin
g;th
e en
abli
ng l
egis
lati
on p
rohi
bits
the
Nat
iona
l C
ultu
ral
Com
mis
sion
and
the
Nat
iona
lM
useu
m f
rom
set
ting
up
non-
for-
prof
it c
hari
tabl
e or
gani
sati
ons
deve
lop
gran
t-w
riti
ng s
kill
s to
wid
enth
e fu
ndin
g ba
se;
deve
lop
a sm
all
gran
ts s
chem
e w
hich
allo
ws
the
PN
G a
genc
ies
to a
pply
for
smal
l fu
ndin
g am
ount
s;pl
an t
hrou
gh t
he c
ultu
ral
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
need
s an
d id
enti
fyel
emen
ts t
hat
cont
ribu
te t
o th
eov
eral
l pl
anni
ng e
ffor
t bu
t w
hich
can
be e
xecu
ted
and
‘ow
ned’
by
othe
r m
inis
trie
s
the
Nat
iona
l go
vern
men
t of
PNG
has
sig
ned
a re
scue
pack
age
wit
h th
e W
orld
Ban
k/In
tern
atio
nal
Mon
etar
y F
und
that
requ
ires
PN
G to
cut
bac
k on
gove
rnm
ent
expe
ndit
ure,
inte
r al
ia b
y re
duci
ng t
hest
aff
leve
ls i
n th
e pu
blic
serv
ice;
cult
ural
her
itag
e ag
enci
es a
reli
kely
to
be c
utdi
spro
port
iona
tely
by
such
econ
omic
rat
iona
list
appr
oach
es
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.2.
Reg
iona
lgo
vern
men
tsth
e re
gion
al g
over
nmen
ts f
und
the
cult
ural
off
icer
sth
e cu
ltur
al o
ffic
ers
are
ofte
nm
oved
fro
m p
osit
ion
to a
noth
eran
d ar
e m
ost
ofte
n pl
aced
in
agen
cies
whi
ch d
raw
on
thei
rti
me
(suc
h as
tou
rism
etc
).2.
4. F
undi
ng B
ase
2.4.
3. N
GO
'sso
me
rese
arch
fou
ndat
ions
, su
ch a
sW
enne
r-G
ren
have
ass
iste
d in
the
past
som
e N
GO
s ar
e in
tere
sted
in
heri
tage
aspe
cts
rela
ted
to t
heir
mai
n fo
cus
ther
e ar
e no
cul
tura
l he
rita
gefo
cuss
ed-N
GO
s in
PN
G;
regi
onal
NG
O’s
do
not
tend
to
fina
nce
the
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
aspe
cts
dive
rsif
icat
ion
of t
he f
undi
ng b
ase
byin
clud
ing
NG
O’s
in
the
nati
onal
heri
tage
pla
nnin
g ef
fort
and
dele
gati
ng s
ome
sub-
elem
ents
of
the
nati
onal
eff
ort
to t
hem
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.4.
Reg
iona
l he
rita
gebo
dies
PN
G a
ttra
cts
lim
ited
fun
ds f
rom
UN
ESC
Oth
e U
NE
SCO
fun
ds h
ave
are
gion
alit
y cr
iter
ion
atta
ched
to
them
tha
t is
not
app
ropr
iate
in
the
PN
G s
itua
tion
(gi
ven
the
cult
ural
com
plex
ity
of t
heco
untr
y)
deve
lop
and
cult
ivat
e al
tern
ativ
ere
gion
al f
undi
ng b
odie
s;en
cour
age
the
Eur
opea
n U
nion
to
deve
lop
a M
elan
esia
n S
mal
l gr
ants
sche
me
Spen
nem
ann,
& M
eyen
n , M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
118
—
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.5.
Gra
nt w
riti
ng s
kill
sth
e N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
int
ends
to
hire
a fu
ll-t
ime
gran
ts w
rite
r;th
e N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
is
capa
ble
ofat
trac
ting
sm
all
gran
ts o
ut o
fA
mba
ssad
oria
l di
scre
tion
ary
fund
s
gran
t w
riti
ng s
kill
s ar
e no
t w
ell
deve
lope
d an
d so
me
of t
heav
aila
ble
fund
s ar
e no
t ta
pped
;th
e A
mba
ssad
oria
l di
scre
tion
ary
fund
s ar
e di
sper
sed
far
and
wid
e,an
d so
me
Am
bass
ador
s as
not
very
rec
epti
ve a
s w
ould
be
desi
rabl
e
deve
lop
gran
t-w
riti
ng s
kill
s to
wid
enth
e fu
ndin
g ba
se
2.4.
Fun
ding
Bas
e2.
4.5.
Pri
vate
Sec
tor
ther
e is
som
e in
-kin
d su
ppor
t, su
chas
foo
d an
d be
vera
ges
for
even
tsdo
nate
d by
man
ufac
ture
rs;
Air
Niu
guin
i ha
s do
nate
d ai
rfar
es o
noc
casi
on,
but
usua
lly
as p
aym
ent
for
arti
cles
wri
tten
for
the
in-
flig
htm
agaz
ine.
over
all
the
priv
ate
sect
or d
oes
not
have
muc
h in
tere
st i
n th
e su
ppor
tof
cul
tura
l he
rita
ge a
ctiv
itie
s in
PNG
deve
lop
a sy
stem
atic
spon
sors
hip/
outr
each
pro
gram
to
ensu
re t
hat
the
priv
ate
sect
orac
cept
s th
e cu
ltur
al d
iver
sity
of
PN
Gas
an
asse
t an
d su
ppor
ts h
erit
age
man
agem
ent
acti
viti
esde
velo
p a
tax
ince
ntiv
e sc
hem
e, s
uch
as t
he “
Fri
ends
of
the
PN
G N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
”, t
he “
Fri
ends
of
the
Cul
tura
l C
entr
e” e
tc.
whi
ch a
llow
sta
x w
rite
-of
for
com
pani
es;
amen
d th
e en
abli
ng l
egis
lati
on o
f th
ecu
ltur
al a
genc
ies
to p
erm
it t
hede
velo
pmen
t of
tax
inc
enti
ves
sche
mes
any
tax
wri
te-o
ff s
chem
e is
like
ly t
o be
vet
oed
as t
hefu
ndin
g ba
se o
f th
e P
NG
gove
rnm
ent
cont
ract
s;re
duce
d ec
onom
ic a
ctiv
ity
inP
NG
may
inh
ibit
sm
all
and
mid
dle-
leve
l co
mpa
nies
from
don
atin
ggo
ods/
serv
ices
in
kind
are
via
tax
wri
te-o
ff s
chem
es
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
1. R
egio
nal
Co-
oper
atio
n, f
orm
alch
anne
ls
the
Nat
iona
l Mus
eum
of
PN
G h
asfo
rmal
arr
ange
men
ts w
ith
the
Ber
nice
P.
Bis
hop
Mus
eum
in
Haw
aii,
the
Fie
ld M
useu
m i
nC
hica
go a
nd t
he A
ustr
alia
nM
useu
m i
n S
ydne
y, c
over
ing
staf
fex
chan
ge,
skil
l tr
ansf
er a
ndex
hibi
tion
/con
serv
atio
nco
oper
atio
n;th
e PN
G m
useu
m h
as p
rovi
ded
trai
ning
for
the
Van
uatu
Cul
tura
lC
entr
e st
aff;
PNG
is a
mem
ber
of P
AR
BIC
A,
PRE
MA
/PIM
A;
PN
G s
igne
d th
e W
orld
Her
itag
eC
onve
ntio
n
PN
G n
ot y
et a
sig
nato
ry t
o th
eU
NE
SC
O c
onve
ntio
n of
mov
able
cult
ural
her
itag
e
esta
blis
h a
regi
onal
Mel
anes
ian
body
to e
nsur
e re
gula
r in
form
atio
nex
chan
ge a
nd t
o fa
cili
tate
the
deve
lopm
ent
of r
egio
nal
cult
ural
heri
tage
pla
ns t
o be
pre
sent
ed t
o ai
ddo
nors
;em
plac
emen
t of
suc
h a
body
wit
hin
the
poli
tica
l fr
amew
ork
of t
heM
elan
esia
n S
pear
head
Gro
up
relu
ctan
ce o
f ai
d do
nors
to
fund
the
est
abli
shm
ent
ofor
gani
sati
ons
and
adm
inis
trat
ive
bodi
es;
nati
onal
com
peti
tion
for
lim
ited
aid
fun
ds
Spen
nem
ann,
& M
eyen
n , M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
119
—
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
2. R
egio
nal
Co-
oper
atio
n, i
nfor
mal
chan
nels
info
rmal
coo
pera
tion
occ
urs,
but
mai
nly
on o
ccas
ion
of m
eeti
ngs
freq
uenc
y of
inf
orm
al c
onta
ct i
sde
pend
ent
on t
he o
ccur
renc
e of
regi
onal
ven
ues;
on o
ccas
ion
of t
hese
mee
ting
sot
her
busi
ness
is
also
pre
ssin
gre
duci
ng t
he a
bili
ty t
o ef
fect
ivel
yco
mm
unic
ate
on m
icro
-reg
iona
lan
d bi
late
ral
issu
es;
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
3. A
genc
y co
-op
erat
ion
the
head
s of
the
Nat
iona
l C
ultu
ral
Com
mis
sion
and
the
Nat
iona
lM
useu
m s
it o
n ea
ch o
ther
sad
viso
ry b
oard
/boa
rd o
f tr
uste
een
suri
ng s
ome
exch
ange
of
info
rmat
ion;
the
coop
erat
ion
is f
orm
alis
ed b
utoc
curs
at
a lo
w i
nten
sity
lev
el;
ther
e ha
d be
en a
sch
eme
of N
atio
nal
Res
earc
h In
stit
ute
fell
ows,
whi
chal
low
ed s
taff
fro
m th
e m
useu
m a
ndU
PN
G t
o be
cyc
led
thro
ugh
the
NR
I.
the
Nat
iona
l C
ultu
ral
Com
mis
sion
and
the
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m a
reau
tono
mou
s ag
enci
es a
nd e
xhib
ita
cert
ain
lack
of
co-o
pera
tion
;th
e N
RI
rese
arch
fel
low
ship
sche
me
has
flou
nder
ed i
n re
cent
year
s as
res
earc
h fe
llow
s ar
ere
luct
ant
to g
o ba
ck t
o th
eir
orig
inal
pos
itio
ns (
due
to t
hesa
lary
dif
fere
ntia
ls);
NR
I ha
s no
for
mal
(on
lyin
terp
erso
nal)
lin
ks w
ith
UP
NG
and
wit
h th
e In
st P
NG
Stu
dies
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
4. C
entr
al c
o-or
dina
tion
of
heri
tage
effo
rts.
ther
e is
onl
y li
mit
ed c
oord
inat
ion
of c
ultu
ral
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
acti
viti
es;
freq
uent
adm
inis
trat
ive
chan
ges
inm
ode
of c
o-or
dina
tion
are
dele
teri
ous
to p
rodu
ctiv
e w
ork
‘on
the
grou
nd’
in t
he p
rovi
nces
;le
vels
of
Cen
tral
con
trol
var
y ov
erti
me,
dep
endi
ng o
n th
e m
ake
upof
the
nat
iona
l bo
dies
(NC
C/N
MN
) an
d th
eir
poli
tica
lm
aste
rs
deve
lop
a cl
ear
stru
ctur
e fl
owin
g fo
rma
univ
ersa
lly
agre
ed o
n na
tion
alcu
ltur
al p
olic
y to
avo
id i
mpa
ct o
npr
ovin
ces
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
5. N
GO
sac
tive
NG
O c
ultu
re;
som
e N
GO
s ar
e in
tere
sted
in
heri
tage
rela
ted
aspe
cts
of t
heir
cor
e w
ork
area
s
ther
e ar
e no
cul
tura
l he
rita
gem
anag
emen
t fo
cuss
ed N
GO
sen
cour
age
the
part
icip
atio
n of
NG
Os
in t
he c
ultu
ral
heri
tage
pla
nnin
g an
dm
anag
emen
t ef
fort
, by
fos
teri
ngth
eir
acti
viti
es w
here
the
y ov
erla
pw
ith
cult
ural
her
itag
eco
ncer
ns/i
nter
ests
Spen
nem
ann,
& M
eyen
n , M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
120
—
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
6. D
ecen
tral
isat
ion
ofhe
rita
ge m
anag
emen
t.th
e F
ive
Yea
r C
ultu
ral
Dev
elop
men
tP
lan
190-
1995
arg
ues
for
the
dece
ntra
lisa
tion
of
acti
viti
es f
rom
the
nati
onal
to
the
prov
inci
al l
evel
in v
iew
of
the
vari
ed s
tate
of
tech
nica
l an
d co
ncep
tual
deve
lopm
ent
of t
he p
rovi
ncia
lcu
ltur
al c
entr
es t
he i
ssue
of
dece
ntra
lisa
tion
of
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
acti
viti
es h
as n
otbe
en r
aise
d by
the
par
tici
pant
s;no
ove
rall
con
cept
has
bee
nde
velo
ped
how
the
dece
ntra
lisa
tion
may
wor
k in
apr
oduc
tive
man
ner;
the
prov
inci
al c
ultu
ral
offi
cers
only
rar
ely
com
e to
Por
tM
ores
by a
nd v
isit
the
mus
eum
. It
is n
ot c
lear
how
oft
en c
ultu
ral
offi
cers
may
com
e to
tow
n bu
t do
not
visi
t an
d co
nsul
t w
ith
the
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m s
taff
;pr
ovin
cial
cul
tura
l ce
ntre
s of
ten
have
a v
ery
shor
t li
fe s
pan
due
fina
ncia
l in
secu
rity
, pe
rson
nel
chan
ges
and
poli
tica
lin
terf
eren
ce
wit
hout
wel
l de
fine
d ar
eas
ofau
thor
ity
and
resp
onsi
bili
ty,
incl
udin
gth
e cl
ear
sepa
rati
on o
ffu
ndin
g co
ntro
ls,
dece
ntra
lisa
tion
can
eas
ily
beco
me
a to
ol t
om
onop
olis
e au
thor
ity
of a
sele
cted
nat
iona
l ag
ency
;th
e is
sue
is p
olit
ical
lych
arge
s du
e to
the
dif
fere
ntin
tere
sts
of t
he m
ain
nati
onal
pla
yers
(N
CC
,N
M, U
PNG
)
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
7. I
nter
acti
on o
f lo
cal
wit
h ce
ntra
l au
thor
itie
sth
ere
appe
ars
to b
e la
ck o
f fo
llow
up o
f ac
tion
s/su
ppor
t by
the
cent
ral
auth
orit
ies
wit
h th
epr
ovin
cial
lev
els;
prov
inci
al a
utho
riti
es a
rere
pute
dly
only
rar
ely
requ
esti
ngte
chni
cal
assi
stan
ce f
rom
the
NM
the
coop
erat
ion
betw
een
the
Nat
iona
lM
useu
m a
nd U
PNG
cou
ld b
ede
velo
ped
on a
for
mal
bas
is t
o fo
rth
e m
utua
l be
nefi
t of
bot
h in
asm
uch
the
mus
eum
sta
ff c
ould
ass
ist
wit
hth
e te
achi
ng o
f su
bjec
ts a
nd t
hest
uden
ts c
ould
gai
n pr
acti
cal
wor
kex
peri
ence
in
the
mus
eum
, th
ereb
yre
liev
ing
staf
f sh
orta
ges
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
8. L
ocal
inv
olve
men
tth
ere
appe
ars
to b
e on
ly l
imit
edlo
cal
init
iati
on o
f he
rita
gem
anag
emen
t m
easu
res
2.5.
Her
itag
eA
genc
ies
2.5.
9. P
riva
te c
ompa
nies
ther
e ar
e no
pri
vate
cul
tura
l he
rita
gem
anag
emen
t co
mpa
nies
inv
olve
din
the
arc
haeo
logi
cal
elem
ents
of
an E
IS;
thus
the
re i
s li
ttle
dan
ger
ofco
mm
erci
al p
rost
itut
ion
of t
hear
chae
olog
ical
and
anth
ropo
logi
cal
heri
tage
Spen
nem
ann,
& M
eyen
n , M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a2.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
pol
icy
and
plan
ning
Are
aIs
sue
Stre
ngth
Wea
knes
ses
Opp
ortu
niti
esT
hrea
ts
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
121
—
2.6.
Key
Sta
keho
lder
s2.
6.1.
Gov
ernm
ent
deve
lopm
ent
agen
cies
cons
ulta
tion
bet
wee
n th
ego
vern
men
t ag
enci
es a
nd t
hehe
rita
ge m
anag
emen
t ag
enci
esoc
curs
the
qual
ity
of e
xcha
nge
betw
een
the
agen
cies
is
lim
ited
, as
muc
hof
the
her
itag
e pr
ofes
sion
is
seen
as a
hin
dran
ce t
o de
velo
pmen
t.
impr
ove
the
com
mun
icat
ion
betw
een
the
cult
ural
her
itag
e m
anag
emen
tag
enci
es a
nd t
he o
ther
gov
ernm
ent
depa
rtm
ents
to
ensu
re t
hat
cult
ural
heri
tage
mat
ters
are
wit
hin
thei
rfr
ame
of m
ind
and
part
of
the
cons
ider
atio
ns a
t al
l le
vels
of
deci
sion
mak
ing
2.6.
Key
Sta
keho
lder
s2.
6.2.
Loc
al C
omm
unit
ies
the
loca
l co
mm
unit
ies
play
a k
eyro
le i
n th
e gr
anti
ng o
f re
sear
chpr
ojec
ts a
nd s
take
hold
erco
nsul
tati
on i
s re
gula
rly
carr
ied
out,
both
by
the
nati
onal
auth
orit
ies
and
over
seas
rese
arch
ers
due
to f
undi
ng l
imit
atio
ns t
here
are
no f
orm
al v
enue
s es
tabl
ishe
dw
hich
all
ow f
or a
n an
nual
exch
ange
of
view
and
int
eres
t, as
wel
l as
som
e tr
aini
ng,
for
the
cult
ural
off
icer
s of
the
pro
vinc
es
deve
lop
an a
nnua
l co
nfer
ence
cir
cuit
to b
ring
tog
ethe
r th
e pr
ovin
cial
cult
ural
off
icer
s fo
r th
e ex
chan
ge o
fin
form
atio
n an
d sk
ills
. R
un a
trai
ning
wor
ksho
p to
im
prov
e th
eir
stak
ehol
der
cons
ulta
tion
ski
lls
the
dist
ance
s an
d co
sts
invo
lved
may
pro
ve t
o be
proh
ibit
ive
to r
un s
uch
aco
nfer
ence
on
an a
nnua
lba
sis;
ther
e is
the
nee
d to
cen
tral
lyor
gani
se a
nd c
oord
inat
esu
ch a
con
fere
nce
2.6.
Key
Sta
keho
lder
s2.
6.3.
Dev
elop
ers
deve
lope
r of
ten
only
com
ply
wit
hth
e le
gisl
atio
n is
all
oth
erav
enue
s (p
ersu
asio
n an
d th
reat
)fa
il2.
6. K
eyS
take
hold
ers
2.6.
4. R
elig
ious
Inst
itut
ions
the
reli
giou
s in
stit
utio
ns m
ake
anef
fort
to
stud
y an
d do
cum
ent
the
lang
uage
s of
the
com
mun
itie
s in
whi
ch t
hey
are
acti
ve;
som
e ch
urch
es e
xhor
t th
eir
mem
bers
to s
tudy
the
cul
tura
l pr
acti
ces
ofth
eir
host
com
mun
itie
s
Chr
isti
an t
radi
tion
, es
peci
ally
as
taug
ht b
y th
e fu
ndam
enta
list
Chr
isti
an m
ovem
ent,
is a
top
enly
ant
agon
isti
c to
mos
t of
the
trad
itio
nal
spir
itua
l li
fe a
ndin
tent
on
prev
enti
ng t
hese
prac
tice
s fr
om o
ccur
ring
;as
spi
ritu
alit
y pe
rvad
es m
ost
ofth
e da
ily
acti
viti
es o
n on
e pl
ane
or t
he o
ther
, th
is i
nter
vent
ion
issi
ngul
arly
des
truc
tive
by
redu
cing
the
vib
ranc
y of
trad
itio
nal
cult
ure
to a
bla
nd b
ut‘s
afe’
lev
els;
desp
ite
bein
g co
gnis
ant
abou
t th
eim
pact
of
thei
r ac
tion
s no
docu
men
tati
on o
f tr
adit
iona
lpr
acti
ces
is b
eing
car
ried
out
by
the
chur
ches
incl
ude
the
chur
ches
in
the
poli
cy a
ndpl
anni
ng f
or a
and
enc
oura
ge t
heir
acti
ve p
arti
cipa
tion
;en
cour
age
an u
nder
stan
ding
of
the
dire
ct a
nd t
he c
olla
tera
l da
mag
ew
roug
ht b
y th
e C
hris
tian
bel
ief
onth
e tr
adit
iona
l cu
ltur
es;
enco
urag
e ch
urch
es t
o ap
prec
iate
thei
r ro
le a
s ac
tive
pla
yers
in
cult
ural
cha
nge
wit
h th
e ai
m o
fac
cept
ing
resp
onsi
bili
ty f
or t
heir
acti
ons;
cons
ider
req
uiri
ng s
ocia
l im
pact
stat
emen
ts f
or a
ll n
ew m
issi
onde
velo
pmen
ts;
Spen
nem
ann,
& M
eyen
n , M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
— 1
22 —
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsC
ateg
ory
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
cati
on3.
1.1.
Edu
cati
on p
olic
y
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
cati
on3.
1.2.
Cur
ricu
lum
Dev
elop
men
ta
syll
abus
adv
isor
y co
mm
itte
e ha
sbe
en e
stab
lish
ed t
hat
prov
ides
the
line
to
the
rele
vant
aut
hori
ties
;so
me
coop
erat
ion
occu
rs b
etw
een
the
depa
rtm
ent
of e
nvir
onm
ent
and
the
CD
C t
o w
ork
on e
duca
tion
alm
ater
ials
ther
e is
a p
erce
ptio
n th
at o
ther
gove
rnm
ent
agen
cies
, m
ainl
y of
the
cult
ural
her
itag
e m
anag
emen
tfi
eld)
are
on
the
who
le u
nhel
pful
and
not
inte
rest
ed i
n co
-op
erat
ion;
stak
ehol
ders
in
the
cult
ural
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
agen
cies
are
occa
sion
ally
una
war
e th
at t
hecu
rric
ulum
is
bein
g ch
ange
d
aler
t th
e cu
ltur
al h
erit
age
man
agem
ent
agen
cies
to
the
oppo
rtun
itie
s pr
esen
ted
in t
he n
ewde
velo
pmen
t of
cur
ricu
la;
educ
ate
the
cult
ural
her
itag
em
anag
emen
t ag
enci
es t
hat
prev
enti
on (
via
prim
ary
educ
atio
n)is
bet
ter
than
cur
ing
at t
he a
dult
stag
e
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
cati
on3.
1.3a
. E
lem
enta
ryS
choo
lsto
kple
s sc
hool
s pr
ovid
e a
vern
acul
arla
ngua
ge c
urri
culu
m f
or 7
to
9 ye
arol
ds,
the
stud
ents
ent
er t
he f
orm
aled
ucat
ion
syst
em (
Pre
p, y
ear
1-2)
;th
e co
mm
unit
y ch
oose
s th
ela
ngua
ge i
n w
hich
the
tok
ples
scho
ol i
s to
be
taug
ht.
The
com
mun
ity
can
choo
se p
idgi
n, b
utth
is o
ccur
s on
ly i
n th
e ur
ban
area
s;th
e co
mm
unit
y ch
oose
s th
e te
ache
rw
ho i
s th
en s
end
on t
o te
ache
rtr
aini
ng.
The
com
mun
ity
hire
s an
dfi
res
the
teac
her,
but
the
nat
iona
lgo
vern
men
t pa
ys t
he s
alar
y;S
choo
l ho
urs
are
set
at 0
.5 d
ay t
oen
sure
tha
t ch
ildr
en c
an r
emai
n pa
rtof
tra
diti
onal
vil
lage
lif
e;cu
rric
ulum
mat
eria
ls a
re d
evel
oped
in
the
vill
ages
by
a te
am m
ade
up o
fth
e lo
cal
teac
hers
and
the
curr
icul
um d
evel
opm
ent/
refo
rmof
fice
. he
mat
eria
ls,
som
e of
the
msh
ell
mat
eria
ls,
are
loca
lise
d on
the
spot
and
are
‘co
ncep
tual
ly’
owne
dby
the
com
mun
ity
and
the
teac
hers
occa
sion
ally
the
re a
re p
rovi
nces
who
wis
h to
sta
rt i
n E
ngli
sh (
eg.
Mil
ne B
ay),
sug
gest
ing
that
Eng
lish
has
bee
n gi
ven
a hi
gher
stat
us i
n E
duca
tion
tha
ttr
adit
iona
l la
ngua
ges/
skil
ls;
the
com
mun
itie
s ha
ve c
once
ptua
lpr
oble
ms
wit
h th
e to
kple
ssy
stem
. C
riti
cism
is
ofte
nle
vell
ed a
t th
e ne
ed t
o le
arn
ala
ngua
ge c
hild
ren
alre
ady
spea
k
the
loca
l cu
rric
ulum
mat
eria
lsde
velo
pmen
t co
ncep
t ca
n be
‘por
ted’
to
the
publ
ic e
duca
tion
rol
eof
the
cul
tura
l of
fice
rs
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
cati
on3.
1.3.
b P
rim
ary
Sch
ools
subs
tant
ial
nati
onal
con
tent
has
been
dev
elop
ed a
nd i
nclu
ded
in t
hecu
rric
ulum
;no
loc
ally
pro
duce
d gr
ade
3/4
mat
eria
l in
han
d
The
pri
mar
y cu
rric
ulum
is
sole
lyta
ught
in
Eng
lish
(ye
ars
3-8)
and
inco
rpor
ates
lit
tle
loca
l co
ntac
t
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
123
—
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
cati
on3.
1.4.
Sec
onda
ry S
choo
ls
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
cati
on3.
1.5.
Ter
tiar
y In
stit
utio
nsth
e U
nive
rsit
y of
Pap
ua N
ew G
uine
aof
fers
a d
egre
e in
Ant
hrop
olog
yan
d a
degr
ee i
n A
rcha
eolo
gy;
the
subj
ect ‘
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
aS
tudi
es f
orm
s pa
rt o
f th
efo
unda
tion
pro
gram
for
all
cou
rses
at U
PNG
;a
teac
her
trai
ning
pro
gram
to
trai
nth
e tr
aine
rs h
as b
een
inst
alle
d to
ensu
re t
hat
the
teac
hers
are
abl
e to
lear
n th
e lo
cal
lang
uage
s fo
r th
eto
kple
s sc
hool
s
the
curr
icul
um o
f th
e T
each
erT
rain
ing
prog
ram
me
is c
ondu
cted
wit
hout
inp
ut f
rom
the
her
itag
em
anag
emen
t ag
enci
es,
such
sN
atio
nal
Cul
tura
l C
omm
issi
on o
rth
e N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
deve
lop
a co
urse
in
Pac
ific
cul
tura
lhe
rita
ge m
anag
emen
t at
UP
NG
whi
ch i
s ta
ilor
ed t
o th
e re
gion
alne
eds;
deve
lop
a (s
erie
s of
) su
bjec
t(s)
suit
able
for
tea
chin
g in
the
tea
cher
trai
ning
str
and;
dev
elop
the
sub
ject
sin
fash
ion
that
the
y ca
n be
off
ered
as a
Gra
duat
e C
erti
fica
te c
ours
e fo
rth
e w
ider
gov
ernm
ent
serv
ice
the
secu
rity
sit
uati
on i
n P
NG
at p
rese
nt i
s su
ch t
hat
itm
ay b
e pr
oble
mat
ic t
oco
nvin
ce o
ther
Mel
anes
ian
gove
rnm
ents
to
send
the
irst
uden
ts to
UPN
G
3.1.
For
mal
Edu
cati
on3.
1.6.
Rol
e of
the
mus
eum
the
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m t
each
eshe
rita
ge u
nits
to
scho
ol c
lass
es;
the
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m p
rovi
des
init
ial
trai
ning
and
cul
tura
lfa
mil
iari
sati
on f
or t
hein
tern
atio
nal
volu
ntee
rs;
the
Nat
iona
l fu
rnis
hes
mat
eria
ls t
hat
can
be u
sed
by t
each
ers
to d
evel
opth
eir
mat
eria
ls;
the
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m p
rovi
des
trai
ning
and
inp
ut t
o N
GO
wor
ksho
ps t
o ra
ise
awar
enes
s fo
rcu
ltur
al h
erit
age
conc
erns
no f
orm
al a
nd i
nfor
mal
coop
erat
ion
wit
h th
e cu
rric
ulum
deve
lopm
ent
unit
;hi
stor
y of
fai
led
com
mun
icat
ion
atte
mpt
s
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Edu
cati
on3.
2.1.
Com
mun
ity
Edu
cati
on P
olic
yth
e N
atio
nal
Cul
tura
l C
omm
issi
onha
s ex
pres
sed
inte
rest
in
bein
gin
volv
ed i
n th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
educ
atio
nal
poli
cy b
oth
on t
hele
vel
of f
orm
al e
duca
tion
and
com
mun
ity
educ
atio
n
at p
rese
nt t
here
is
no c
ohes
ive
educ
atio
nal
poli
cy w
.r.t.
cul
tura
lhe
rita
ge i
ssue
s.
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Edu
cati
on3.
2.2.
Gov
ernm
ent
Age
ncie
sth
e N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
run
s a
proj
ect
trai
ning
the
for
emen
of
road
sm
anag
emen
t an
d bu
ildi
ng c
rew
s to
reco
gnis
e an
d un
ders
tand
arch
aeol
ogic
al s
ites
lack
of
inte
rest
in
cult
ural
her
itag
em
anag
emen
t is
sues
by
seni
orm
inis
teri
al s
taff
and
pol
itic
ians
deve
lop
publ
ic e
duca
tion
mec
hani
sms
to e
ncou
rage
sen
ior
gove
rnm
ent
offi
cial
s, a
s w
ell
as p
olit
icia
ns t
opa
y m
ore
than
mer
e li
p se
rvic
e to
the
need
s of
cul
tura
l he
rita
geco
nser
vati
on
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
124
—
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Edu
cati
on3.
2.3.
Mus
eum
s an
dC
ultu
ral
Cen
tres
the
aim
of
the
cult
ural
cen
tres
is
tofu
rnis
h co
mm
unit
y ed
ucat
ion;
on r
eque
st t
he N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
furn
ishe
s te
chni
cal
assi
stan
ce a
ndtr
aini
ng t
o th
e pr
ovin
cial
cul
tura
lce
ntre
s
the
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m h
as n
okn
owle
dge
on t
he s
tatu
s of
the
cult
ural
cen
tres
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Edu
cati
on3.
2.4.
NG
O's
the
NG
Os
play
maj
or r
ole
inco
mm
unit
y ed
ucat
ion
thro
ugho
utPN
G
exis
ting
NG
Os
are
only
mar
gina
lly
inte
rest
ed i
n cu
ltur
alhe
rita
ge m
anag
emen
t m
atte
rs;
NG
Os
have
no
‘ow
ners
hip’
sta
kein
the
cul
tura
l he
rita
gem
anag
emen
t fi
eld
deve
lop
form
al a
nd i
nter
pers
onal
tie
sbe
twee
n th
e na
tion
al h
erit
age
man
agem
ent
auth
orit
ies
and
the
NG
Os
to e
nsur
e th
at c
ultu
ral
heri
tage
conc
erns
per
mea
te m
ost
of t
he N
GO
wor
k at
som
e le
vel
or t
he o
ther
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Edu
cati
on3.
2.5.
Rad
ioth
e na
tion
al r
adio
bro
adca
st a
boo
kpr
ogra
mm
e w
hich
occ
asio
nall
yre
port
s on
mus
eum
/her
itag
epu
blic
atio
ns;
the
wes
t N
ew B
rita
in p
rovi
nce
has
a30
min
/wee
k pr
ogra
mm
e on
the
prov
inci
al r
adio
sta
tion
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Edu
cati
on3.
2.6.
Sem
i-ac
adem
icjo
urna
lspr
ofes
sion
al p
ubli
cati
on s
erie
s in
plac
e fo
r ar
chae
olog
y an
det
hnol
ogy;
the
mus
eum
has
pub
lish
ed a
num
ber
of b
ooks
, bo
th o
f ac
adem
ic a
ndse
mi-
acad
emic
nat
ure.
ther
e is
not
out
let
for
repo
rtin
g of
arch
aeol
ogic
al o
ran
thro
polo
gica
l fi
ndin
gs f
or t
hepr
ofes
sion
al a
nd f
or t
he w
ider
com
mun
ity;
ther
e is
dea
rth
of r
egio
nal
jour
nals
/pub
lica
tion
ven
ues
for
prof
essi
onal
pub
lica
tion
s,es
peci
ally
if
data
ric
h
a re
gion
al e
xcha
nge
of e
xper
tise
coul
d be
dev
elop
ed;
deve
lop
a re
gion
al p
ubli
cati
ons
mec
hani
sm t
hat
allo
ws
a lo
w-c
ost
by h
igh
qual
ity
publ
icat
ion
of d
ata
rich
doc
umen
ts
skil
l ba
se i
s li
mit
ed b
y th
eA
nglo
phon
e/F
ranc
opho
nedi
stin
ctio
ns
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Edu
cati
on3.
2.7.
Loc
al T
VM
TV
cam
e up
in
earl
y 19
90;
ther
e w
as a
chi
ldre
n’s
prog
ram
me
that
dre
w o
n cu
ltur
al e
lem
ents
and
item
s fr
om t
he m
useu
m
coop
erat
ion
laps
ed d
ue t
odi
sagr
eem
ents
on
resp
ecti
vere
spon
sibi
liti
es a
nd e
ffor
ts t
o be
expe
nded
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Edu
cati
on3.
2.8.
Pri
nt M
edia
The
Nat
iona
l mus
eum
has
a m
edia
Off
icer
med
ia r
epor
ting
of
cult
ural
ite
ms
ispu
rely
eve
nt d
rive
n3.
2. C
omm
unit
yE
duca
tion
3.2.
9. P
ubli
c di
spla
ysth
e N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
has
pre
pare
dso
me
lam
inat
ed A
3 sh
eet
disp
lays
for
the
Wes
t N
ew B
rita
in p
rovi
nce
and
send
the
m t
o th
e pr
ovin
ce
the
succ
ess
of t
hese
dis
play
s ha
sno
t be
en e
valu
ated
;th
ere
is a
nee
d to
ens
ure
the
foll
owup
of
proj
ects
and
the
impl
emen
tati
on o
f su
cces
sful
proj
ects
in
othe
r pr
ovin
ces
impr
ove
the
eval
uati
on o
f ed
ucat
ion
mea
sure
s
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Edu
cati
on3.
2.10
. R
ole
of f
orm
alE
duca
tion
sys
tem
the
form
al e
duca
tion
sys
tem
spl
ays
at p
rese
nt n
o ro
le a
t al
l in
the
com
mun
ity
educ
atio
n ar
ena.
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
125
—
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Edu
cati
on3.
2.11
. T
arge
ted
educ
atio
nof
im
pact
gen
erat
ors
(dev
elop
ers,
log
gers
,bu
ilde
rs e
tc.)
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Edu
cati
on3.
2.12
You
th p
rogr
amm
es
3.2.
Com
mun
ity
Edu
cati
on3.
2.13
Pub
lic
lect
ure
seri
esth
e N
atio
nal
Res
earc
h In
stit
ute
runs
a pr
ofes
sion
al p
ubli
c le
ctur
e se
ries
ther
e ap
pear
s to
be
a la
ck o
f a
com
mun
ity-
base
d pu
blic
lec
ture
seri
es3.
2. C
omm
unit
yE
duca
tion
3.2.
14 P
riva
te S
ecto
r
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
1. T
ouri
sm P
olic
yth
e to
uris
m p
olic
y se
es c
ultu
ral
heri
tage
ele
men
ts a
s an
int
egra
lpa
rt o
f th
e m
arke
tabi
lity
spe
ctru
m
the
Tou
rism
Dev
elop
men
tC
orpo
rati
on w
as i
n ch
arge
of
cult
ural
pol
icy
deve
lopm
ent
and
of a
dmin
iste
ring
cul
tura
lac
tivi
ties
in
PN
G i
n th
e ea
rly
1990
;, in
ter
alia
abo
lish
ing
the
Nat
iona
l C
ultu
ral
Cou
ncil
;th
is s
et-u
p cr
eate
d m
uch
anim
osit
yan
d di
stru
st b
etw
een
the
cult
ural
heri
tage
man
agem
ent
agen
cies
and
the
tour
ism
sec
tor
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
2. T
ouri
sm P
lann
ing
an E
nvir
onm
enta
l pl
an f
or T
ouri
smde
velo
pmen
t ha
s be
en p
repa
red,
but
this
pla
n m
ainl
y fo
cuse
s on
envi
ronm
enta
l is
sues
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
3. M
arke
ting
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
4. S
take
hold
erco
nsul
tati
on
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a3.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
inte
grat
ion
into
oth
er s
ecto
rsA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
126
—
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
5. L
and
owne
rin
volv
emen
t
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
6. T
our
guid
ing
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
7. I
mpa
ct a
sses
smen
ts
3.3.
Tou
rism
3.3.
8. I
ncom
e op
tion
s
Spen
nem
ann,
& M
eyen
n , M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
— 1
27 —
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a4.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
dat
a m
anag
emen
tC
ateg
ory
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
4.1.
Lan
dM
anag
emen
t4.
1.1.
Sen
siti
vity
of
acce
ssto
lan
d/la
nd i
nfor
mat
ion
no o
vera
ll r
ecor
ding
of
land
owne
rshi
p in
form
atio
nex
ists
;th
e in
form
atio
n is
dee
med
sens
itiv
e if
and
whe
n a
deve
lopm
ent
take
s pl
aces
;th
e re
cord
ing
of s
uch
info
rmat
ion
wit
hout
ann
ounc
ed d
evel
opm
ent
is s
uspe
cted
to
be c
ondu
cted
in
adva
nce
of d
evel
opm
ent,
thus
impe
ding
dat
a ca
ptur
e.
deve
lop
a G
IS s
yste
m t
hat
com
bine
sar
chae
olog
ical
/ant
hrop
olog
ical
dat
ase
ts w
ith
land
man
agem
ent
and
owne
rshi
p in
form
atio
n to
proa
ctiv
ely
man
age
site
and
cul
tura
lla
ndsc
apes
4.1.
Lan
dM
anag
emen
t4.
1.2.
Sen
siti
vity
of
acce
ssto
tra
diti
onal
sit
es (
&in
form
atio
n)
over
all
the
acce
ss t
o in
form
atio
nre
lati
ng t
o ar
chae
olog
ical
sit
es i
sno
t as
sen
siti
ve a
s fo
r ex
ampl
e in
Aus
tral
ia;
site
fil
es c
onta
in m
ainl
yin
form
atio
n on
the
tang
ible
/vis
ible
ele
men
ts o
f th
esi
te
ther
e ar
e se
cret
/sac
red
site
s w
here
the
site
loc
atio
n m
ay b
edi
vulg
ed,
but
the
rela
ted
stor
ym
ay n
ot
4.1.
Lan
dM
anag
emen
t4.
1.3.
Dat
abas
ing
ofge
nera
l in
form
atio
n
4.1.
Lan
dM
anag
emen
t4.
1.4.
Dat
abas
ing
ofow
ners
hip
info
rmat
ion
the
owne
rshi
p in
form
atio
n w
.r.t
tosi
tes
is d
atab
ased
whe
re p
ossi
ble.
ofte
n th
e in
form
atio
n is
lim
ited
to
thir
d-pa
rty
info
rmat
ion
4.1.
Lan
dM
anag
emen
t4.
1.5.
Dat
abas
ing
ofcu
ltur
al l
ands
cape
info
rmat
ion
cult
ural
lan
dsca
pes
have
not
ful
lyre
cogn
ised
as
sign
ific
ant
elem
ents
;on
ly i
ncid
enta
l do
cum
enta
tion
has
occu
rred
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.1.
Str
uctu
re o
f re
gist
ersy
stem
sa
cent
ral
arch
aeol
ogic
al s
ite
regi
ster
exis
ts,
mai
ntai
ned
by t
he N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
;th
e m
useu
m a
lso
mai
ntai
ns f
iles
on
arte
fact
s an
d ob
ject
s lo
cate
d in
the
fiel
d/vi
llag
es a
s w
ell
as a
ncil
lary
info
rmat
ion
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a4.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
dat
a m
anag
emen
tA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
128
—
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.2.
Spa
tial
cov
erag
e of
regi
ster
sys
tem
sth
ere
stil
l is
an
atte
mpt
to
achi
eve
asp
atia
lly
even
cov
erag
e of
the
nati
onal
sit
e su
rvey
,
the
spat
ial
cove
rage
of
the
site
surv
ey i
s un
even
, at
pre
sent
driv
en b
y th
e E
IS n
eeds
;th
e di
ffer
enti
al l
evel
s of
fun
ding
,th
e li
mit
ed s
taff
and
the
diff
eren
tial
ent
husi
asm
of
prov
inci
al c
ultu
ral
offi
cers
did
not
faci
lita
te a
sys
tem
atic
appr
oach
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.3.
Rec
urre
ntve
rifi
cati
on o
fin
form
atio
n
ther
e is
lim
ited
fun
ding
ava
ilab
leto
ver
ify
the
cont
inue
d pr
esen
ceof
sit
es.
Thi
s ve
rifi
cati
on u
sual
lyon
ly o
ccur
s if
oth
er r
esea
rch
isbe
ing
cond
ucte
d in
the
are
a.
deve
lop
a sc
hem
e of
ran
dom
veri
fica
tion
of
site
s to
all
ow s
ome
sele
ctiv
e an
d re
pres
enta
tive
(?)
veri
fica
tion
of
the
surv
ey d
atab
ase
the
cost
s bo
th i
n te
rms
ofti
me
and
trav
el f
unds
may
be p
rohi
biti
ve i
n vi
ew o
fco
mpe
ting
int
eres
ts o
fin
itia
l si
te r
ecor
ding
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.4.
Nat
iona
l S
urve
yP
rogr
amm
esu
bsta
ntia
l ar
chae
olog
ical
sur
veys
have
bee
n ex
ecut
ed b
y bo
thN
atio
nal
Mus
eum
sta
ff a
nd f
orei
gnre
sear
cher
s
ther
e is
no
form
al s
yste
mat
icna
tion
al s
urve
y pr
ogra
mm
e in
plac
e;th
e su
rvey
car
ried
out
is
usua
lly
sere
ndip
ituo
us a
nd o
ccur
s in
adva
nce
of d
evel
opm
ent
proj
ects
4.2.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Inve
ntor
y4.
2.5.
P
rovi
ncia
l/D
istr
ict
Sur
vey
Pro
gram
me
sinc
e th
ere
are
no a
rcha
eolo
gist
sre
side
nt i
n th
e pr
ovin
ces
no s
uch
prog
ram
mes
are
in
plac
e, u
nles
sdr
iven
by
deve
lopm
ent/
EIS
nee
dsof
res
earc
h dr
iven
by
outs
ider
s;pr
ovin
ces
expr
ess
litt
le i
nter
est
inar
chae
olog
ical
sur
vey
wor
k, a
sth
is i
s se
en a
s a
hind
ranc
e to
the
econ
omic
dev
elop
men
t of
the
prov
ince
deve
lop
a pr
ovin
ce-b
ased
sys
tem
of
site
off
icer
s an
d fi
eld
wor
kers
tha
tw
ill
acti
vely
sur
vey
and
docu
men
tsi
tes
in t
he f
ield
and
reg
iste
r th
emth
e N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
such
a s
chem
e re
quir
essy
stem
atic
fol
low
-up
and
ongo
ing
supe
rvis
ion
from
the
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
agem
ent
4.3.
1. A
rchi
val
man
agem
ent
of d
ata
syst
emat
ic o
n- a
nd o
ff-s
ite
ofco
mpu
ter
data
bac
kups
are
bei
ngpl
anne
d as
the
new
and
che
aper
stor
age
tech
nolo
gies
has
bec
ome
avai
labl
e.
ther
e is
onl
y on
e co
py o
f th
e si
tere
gist
er (
pape
r) c
opy
and
one
back
ed-u
p co
py o
f th
e co
mpu
ter
data
fil
es
the
deve
lopm
ent
of C
D-R
OM
bac
k-up
stru
ctur
e w
ould
all
ow to
cre
ate
data
dum
ps w
hich
can
be
stor
ed o
ff-s
ite;
publ
ish
som
e da
ta i
n el
ectr
onic
form
at o
n th
e W
WW
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
agem
ent
4.3.
2. A
utom
atis
atio
nth
e ar
chae
olog
ical
sit
e re
cord
s as
wel
l as
the
art
efac
ts r
ecor
ds i
n th
em
useu
m a
re b
eing
dat
abas
ed a
tpr
esen
t
the
size
of
the
data
base
s is
suc
hth
at s
ubst
anti
ve c
ompu
ting
pow
er is
req
uire
d to
ade
quat
ely
util
ise
thes
e sy
stem
s
impr
ove
the
stat
e of
the
com
puti
ngeq
uipm
ent
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
agem
ent
4.3.
3. T
radi
tion
al r
ecor
dsm
anag
emen
t.
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a4.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
dat
a m
anag
emen
tA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
129
—
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
agem
ent
4.3.
4. M
useu
ms/
cult
ural
cent
res
coll
ecti
onm
anag
emen
t
The
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m h
as a
lar
geco
llec
tion
s fa
cili
ty a
nd a
coll
ecti
ons
man
agem
ent
syst
em i
npl
ace;
curr
ent
veri
fica
tion
id
the
pres
ence
and
iden
tifi
cati
on o
f ca
talo
gued
item
s is
in
prog
ress
the
coll
ecti
ons
man
agem
ent
at t
hepr
ovin
cial
lev
el i
s va
ried
. th
eN
atio
nal
Mus
eum
pro
vide
ste
chni
cal
assi
stan
ce i
n th
e se
t up
of s
uch
syst
ems,
but
the
reap
pear
s to
be
very
lit
tle
foll
owup
;th
e ex
tant
col
lect
ions
nee
d to
be
veri
fied
and
ent
ered
int
o th
eel
ectr
onic
dat
a m
anag
emen
tsy
stem
4.3.
Rec
ords
and
Col
lect
ions
Man
agem
ent
4.3.
5. A
cces
s li
mit
atio
ns(s
afeg
uard
s)th
e N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
has
in
plac
esa
fegu
ards
to
cont
rol
the
acce
ss t
oit
ems
and
to v
erif
y a
user
’s b
ona
fide
s4.
3. R
ecor
ds a
ndC
olle
ctio
nsM
anag
emen
t
4.3.
6. O
ral
His
tory
&P
erfo
rman
ceD
ocum
enta
tion
The
Uni
vers
ity
of P
NG
has
aco
llec
tion
of
hist
oric
phot
ogra
phs;
;th
e In
stit
ute
of P
NG
Stu
dies
as
wel
las
the
Fil
m I
nsti
tute
mai
ntai
n a
coll
ecti
on v
ideo
and
fil
m f
oota
ge;
the
Nat
iona
l C
ultu
ral
Com
mis
sion
cond
ucts
eth
nom
usic
olog
y an
dco
ntem
pora
ry l
iter
atur
edo
cum
enta
tion
/col
lect
ion;
the
nati
onal
Mus
eum
hol
d se
vera
lhi
stor
ic p
hoto
grap
hs
ther
e is
no
nati
onal
pol
icy
on t
heco
llec
tion
of
hist
oric
phot
ogra
phs
and
foot
age
and
the
coll
ecti
on e
ffor
ts a
re d
ispa
rate
and
depe
nden
t on
the
int
eres
ts o
fin
divi
dual
s;
deve
lop
a sy
stem
atic
doc
umen
tati
onpr
ogra
m o
f pe
rfor
man
ce a
rts
usin
gvi
deo
tech
nolo
gy;
deve
lop
a st
ill
phot
o ar
chiv
e w
ith
acl
ear
coll
ecti
on p
olic
y
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.1.
Pro
acti
ve P
lann
ing
ther
e ar
e so
me
spat
ial
gaps
tha
t ha
vebe
en i
dent
ifie
d an
d re
sear
chpr
ogra
ms
to f
ill
the
gaps
hav
e be
enin
itia
ted;
ther
e ar
e so
me
sett
lem
ent
mod
els
wit
h w
ere
used
for
pro
acti
vepl
anni
ng,
but
thes
e ha
ve b
een
foun
d no
t to
wor
k
ther
e ar
e no
t en
ough
res
ourc
es t
oal
low
pro
acti
ve p
lann
ing
and
proa
ctiv
e su
rvey
ing
of a
reas
;no
pro
acti
ve p
lan
has
been
esta
blis
hed
deve
lop
a pr
oact
ive
plan
ning
sch
eme
and
use
the
resu
lts
to g
ener
ate
and
dire
ct f
orei
gn r
esea
rch
to f
ill
the
gaps
relu
ctan
ce b
y fo
reig
nre
sear
cher
s to
fol
low
coun
try
need
s/gu
idan
ce
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.2.
Int
erna
l ca
paci
ties
the
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m h
as t
rain
edst
aff
in e
mpl
oym
ent
capa
ble
ofex
ecut
ing
rese
arch
as
requ
ired
the
num
ber
of q
uali
fied
and
trai
ned
is t
oo l
imit
ed t
o m
eet
the
rese
arch
req
uire
men
ts/v
olum
epl
aced
on
the
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m
exte
nd t
he s
kill
ed s
taff
bas
e;de
velo
p sc
hem
es w
here
by t
here
sear
ch i
s ca
rrie
d ou
t by
for
eign
rese
arch
ers
as p
art
of o
r on
top
of
thei
r ow
n re
sear
ch i
nter
ests
nati
onal
em
phas
is o
nre
duci
ng t
he l
evel
of
publ
icse
ctor
em
ploy
men
t m
aym
ake
staf
f in
crea
ses
impo
ssib
le
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.3.
For
eign
res
earc
hin
to t
he c
ount
ry's
her
itag
em
uch
rese
arch
in
the
arch
aeol
ogic
alan
d an
thro
polo
gica
l fi
eld
occu
rs.
the
rese
arch
int
o th
e he
rita
ge i
sdr
iven
sol
ely
by t
he r
esea
rch
agen
das
if t
he o
utsi
de r
esea
rche
rs
deve
lop
a re
sear
ch n
eed
prio
rity
lis
tan
d at
tem
pt t
o ha
ve f
orei
gnre
sear
cher
s de
al w
ith
thes
esu
bjec
ts/t
opic
s
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a4.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
dat
a m
anag
emen
tA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
130
—
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.4.
Co-
oper
ativ
eag
reem
ents
no f
orm
al c
o-op
erat
ive
agre
emen
tsw
.r.t
rese
arch
are
in
plac
ebe
twee
n th
e P
NG
gov
ernm
ent
and
a te
rtia
ry e
duca
tion
ins
titu
tion
or
the
rese
arch
cen
tre/
mus
eum
inst
itut
ion
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.5.
App
rova
l pr
oces
ses
PN
G h
as a
wel
l de
velo
ped
appr
oval
proc
ess
for
rese
arch
whi
ch e
nsur
esth
at t
he l
ocal
sta
keho
lder
s as
wel
las
nat
iona
l go
vern
men
t ag
enci
esar
e co
nsul
ted.
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.6.
Adm
inis
trat
ion
ofon
goin
g pr
ojec
tsth
e In
stit
ute
of R
esea
rch
cont
rol
the
rese
arch
app
lica
tion
pro
cess
and
keep
s ta
bs o
n th
e re
sear
cher
s in
the
coun
try
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.7.
Rec
ords
dep
osit
ory
The
Ins
titu
te o
f PN
G S
tudi
es r
equi
res
that
a c
opy
of a
PhD
thes
is/r
esea
rch
wor
k be
sub
mit
ted
to t
hem
for
arc
hiva
l de
posi
tion
.
if p
roje
cts
are
carr
ied
out
as p
art
ofE
IS, t
hen
the
data
are
usu
ally
owne
d by
the
ini
tiat
or o
f th
e E
IS.
Cop
ies
may
be
held
by
the
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m,
but
thei
r us
em
ay b
e li
mit
ed.
4.4.
Res
earc
h4.
4.8.
Acc
ess
to r
esul
tsth
ere
are
no p
olic
ies
in p
lace
tha
tre
quir
e re
sear
cher
s to
han
d ov
erco
pies
of
thei
r ar
chae
olog
ical
or
anth
ropo
logi
cal
fiel
d no
tes
4.5.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Man
agem
ent
4.5.
1. A
cces
s to
kno
wle
dge
4.5.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Man
agem
ent
4.5.
2. O
wne
rshi
p of
sit
es
4.5.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Man
agem
ent
4.5.
3. S
igni
fica
nce
eval
uati
onth
ere
appe
ars
to b
e no
for
mal
proc
ess
for
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of
cult
ural
sig
nifi
canc
e to
her
itag
eit
ems;
the
arch
aeol
ogic
al d
eter
min
atio
nof
sig
nifi
canc
e ba
sed
on a
rese
arch
pot
enti
al a
ppea
rs t
o be
para
mou
nt
deve
lop
guid
elin
es a
nd a
set
of
crit
eria
for
the
est
abli
shm
ent
and
dete
rmin
atio
n of
cul
tura
lsi
gnif
ican
ce.
4.5.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Man
agem
ent
4.5.
4. D
evel
opm
ent
of s
ite
man
agem
ent
plan
s
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a4.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
dat
a m
anag
emen
tA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
131
—
4.5.
Her
itag
e S
ite
Man
agem
ent
4.5.
5. I
nter
vent
ive
Con
serv
atio
n M
easu
res
very
lit
tle
foll
ow u
p w
ork
is b
eing
done
to
ensu
re t
he s
urvi
val
ofsi
tes
thre
aten
ed b
y de
cay;
the
lack
of
fund
ing
has
been
the
mai
n ob
stac
le4.
6. L
ocal
Con
trol
4.6.
1. L
ocal
con
trol
of
data
/inf
orm
atio
n
4.6.
Loc
al C
ontr
ol4.
6.2.
Loc
al c
ontr
ol o
fac
cess
to
site
slo
cal
com
mun
itie
s ha
ve n
ear
tota
lco
ntro
l of
acc
ess
to s
ites
Spen
nem
ann,
& M
eyen
n , M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
— 1
32 —
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a5.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
infr
astr
uctu
reC
ateg
ory
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
1. C
ore
heri
tage
gove
rnm
ent
agen
cies
the
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m h
as t
rain
edgr
adua
te a
nd p
ost-
grad
uate
sta
ff i
nal
l di
visi
ons;
the
Nat
iona
l C
ultu
ral
Com
mis
sion
has
som
e tr
aine
d gr
adua
te a
nd p
ost-
grad
uate
sta
ff
skil
l ba
se i
s li
mit
ed b
y th
eA
nglo
phon
e/F
ranc
opho
nedi
stin
ctio
ns
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
2. N
GO
age
ncie
s
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
3. P
erip
hera
l he
rita
gego
vern
men
t ag
enci
esth
e pr
ovin
cial
gov
ernm
ents
em
ploy
cult
ural
off
icer
scu
ltur
al o
ffic
ers
in t
he p
rovi
nces
usua
lly
have
a G
rade
10
form
aled
ucat
ion
augm
ente
d by
tra
inin
gpr
ogra
mm
es,
both
ind
ivid
ual
and
as p
art
of w
orks
hops
run
by
the
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m;
ther
e is
no
form
al t
rain
ing
stru
ctur
e in
pla
ce t
o en
sure
tha
tth
e cu
ltur
al o
ffic
ers
are
trai
ned
todo
the
ir j
ob t
o m
inim
umst
anda
rds;
grad
uati
ng s
tude
nts
(of
UPN
G)
are
usua
lly
take
n up
by
priv
ate
indu
stry
, w
hich
off
ers
a gr
eate
rra
te o
f pa
y th
an t
he p
rovi
nces
coul
d af
ford
;th
e tu
rnov
er o
f th
e cu
ltur
al o
ffic
ers
is c
onsi
dera
ble
resu
ltin
g in
a l
ack
of c
onti
nuit
y5.
1. E
xten
t of
ski
llba
se5.
1.4.
Pri
vate
Sec
tor
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
5.
Inte
rnat
iona
lV
olun
teer
Bas
ein
the
pas
t in
tern
atio
nal
volu
ntee
rsw
ere
used
;th
e N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
pro
vide
sin
itia
l tr
aini
ng a
nd c
ultu
ral
fam
ilia
risa
tion
for
the
vol
unte
ers
and
rece
ives
in
retu
rn f
eedb
ack
from
sam
e (b
ut b
y no
mea
ns a
l)vo
lunt
eers
the
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m w
as c
riti
cal
of t
he v
alue
of
thes
e vo
lunt
eers
as t
hey
wer
e m
ore
inte
rest
ed i
nfu
rthe
ring
the
ir o
wn
care
ers
than
the
assi
st i
n th
eco
untr
y’s/
inst
itut
ion’
sde
velo
pmen
t
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a5.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
infr
astr
uctu
reA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
133
—
5.1.
Ext
ent
of s
kill
base
5.1.
6. L
ocal
Vol
unte
erB
ase
in t
he p
ast
use
has
been
mad
e of
loca
l vo
lunt
eers
the
leve
l of
vio
lenc
e in
Por
tM
ores
by h
as m
eant
tha
t to
me
volu
ntee
rs w
ere
actu
ally
att
acke
dou
tsid
e th
e m
useu
m d
ampi
ng t
heen
thus
iasm
to
volu
ntee
r se
rvic
es5.
1. E
xten
t of
ski
llba
se5.
1.7.
Tra
inin
g ag
enda
sa
staf
f de
velo
pmen
t/tr
aini
ng o
ffic
ersh
all
be e
mpl
oyed
at p
rese
nt n
o fo
rmal
tra
inin
g ne
eds
asse
ssm
ent
has
been
car
ried
out
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
1. E
xhib
itio
n B
uild
ing
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
2. A
dmin
istr
atio
n
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
3. C
olle
ctio
n S
tora
ge
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
4. P
rofe
ssio
nal
Lib
rary
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
5. T
reat
men
tL
abor
ator
y
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
6. P
erfo
rman
ce F
acil
ity
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
7. P
ubli
c L
ibra
ry
5.2.
Bui
ldin
gs/P
lant
5.2.
8. (
Mus
eum
) S
hop
the
Nat
iona
l M
useu
m o
pera
tes
asm
all
book
shop
and
mus
eum
sho
p.
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a5.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
infr
astr
uctu
reA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
134
—
5.3.
Equ
ipm
ent
5.3.
1. S
atur
atio
n w
ith
com
pute
rsth
e N
atio
nal
Mus
eum
is
wel
lsa
tura
ted
wit
h co
mpu
ters
the
elec
tric
ity
supp
ly t
o th
eN
atio
nal
mus
eum
is
not
stab
le,
ther
eby
caus
ing
prob
lem
s fo
r th
em
aint
enan
ce o
f co
mpu
ter
data
base
s;th
e co
mpu
ter
stoc
k at
the
Nat
iona
lM
useu
m i
s ag
ing;
the
Nat
iona
l C
ultu
ral
Com
mis
sion
is n
ot w
ell
satu
rate
d w
ith
com
pute
rs;
very
few
com
pute
rs e
xist
in
the
prov
inci
al c
ultu
ral
cent
res/
offi
ces
acqu
ire
unin
terr
upte
d po
wer
sup
plie
s(U
PS
) fo
r ea
ch m
achi
ne
5.3.
Equ
ipm
ent
5.3.
2. O
ffic
e eq
uipm
ent
ther
e is
no
GIS
cap
abil
ity
in t
heN
atio
nal
Mus
eum
deve
lop
a G
IS c
apab
ilit
y to
aid
in
the
deve
lopm
ent
of r
egio
nal
and
prov
inci
al h
erit
age
man
agem
ent
plan
s
5.3.
Equ
ipm
ent
5.3.
3. R
ecor
ding
/edi
ting
Sui
te
5.3.
Equ
ipm
ent
5.3
.4.
Pho
topr
oduc
tion
/Dar
kroo
m
5.4.
Ope
rati
ons
5.4.
1. O
pera
tion
alco
nstr
aint
s
5.4.
Ope
rati
ons
5.4.
2. M
obil
ity
of s
taff
(att
itud
es)
5.4.
Ope
rati
ons
5.4.
3. M
obil
ity
of s
taff
(veh
icle
s et
c.)
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
Papu
a N
ew G
uine
a5.
Cul
tura
l her
itage
infr
astr
uctu
reA
rea
Issu
eSt
reng
thW
eakn
esse
sO
ppor
tuni
ties
Thr
eats
Dra
ft v
. 1.
2 —
Dat
e —
135
—
5.5
.C
omm
unic
atio
ns5.
5.1.
Pol
icy
5.5
.C
omm
unic
atio
ns5.
5.2.
Fie
ldw
orke
rco
mm
unic
atio
ns
5.5
.C
omm
unic
atio
ns5.
5.3.
Acc
ess
to t
heIn
tern
etm
useu
m s
taff
hav
e pr
ivat
e ac
cess
to
the
inte
rnet
ther
e is
nor
for
mal
acc
ess
to t
hein
tern
et
Spen
nem
ann
& M
eyen
n, M
elan
esia
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
tudy
, Str
ateg
ic I
ssue
s D
ocum
ent
— 1
36 —
;
