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Meeting the Emissions ChallengeUK Royal Navy Perspective

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The Royal Navy Today

• Protecting our Nation’s interests

• Providing security at sea

• Preventing conflict

• Promoting partnerships

• Providing humanitarian assistance

• Protecting our economy

• Ready to fight

• Returning to warfighting at scale

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The Royal Navy Today

Continuous At Sea Deterrent Deliver Carrier Strike

?

Maintain global presence through the GPFF, T26 and OPV B2

…..and continue to grow the Royal Navy

Deliver Future Amphibiosity

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Typical Scope of Royal Navy Operations

JEF(M) TASK GROUP

HMS OCEAN

HMS BULWARK

UK WATERS

HMS SUTHERLAND

RFA WAVE RULER

HMS BLYTH

HMS LEDBURY

HMS TYNE

HMS SEVERN

HMS TRACKER/RAIDER

HMS GLEANER

815 NAS, CHF

MCT AVIATION GROUP

SURVEY

HMS SCOTT

FI PATROL VESSEL

HMS CLYDE

APT(N)

RFA WAVE KNIGHT

HM SUBMARINE

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Government Vessels are generally exempt from

environmental legislation & regulation

• However; RN is driven towards compliance to:

• Meet and contribute to UK Government policies & targets

• Ensure future operational access

• Mitigate regular operation in emission sensitive areas (e.g. ECA’s)

• But; compliance creates naval specific challenges:

• Matching 30 year+ platform lives to evolving changes in emissions

policy and regulation

• Finding solutions compatible with naval requirements – ensuring

survivability and availability within space constraints

Emissions – a Challenge for Royal Navy?

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• MOD - energy reduction targets:

• Greater capability or reduced costs

• Reduced consumption = lower emissions

• RN – predominantly used gas turbines,

but now increasingly uses Diesels

• Greater susceptibility to emissions

regulation

• RN regularly operating within regulated

waters

• North Sea, Baltic, English Channel, US

Coast & Mediterranean are, or likely to be

ECA’s

• Future access to Artic regions as ice melts?

Context

Diesel vs. Gas turbine operating hours in RN

1988-2006 [Fubon data]

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• All Government departments (Inc. MOD) are

expected to contribute to environmental targets

• E.g. CO2 reduction targets (Kyoto, Paris etc.)

• Government policy states:

• “…MOD must meet environmental regulations where

practicable…”

• Hence MOD must justify exceptions

• Hence a mixed picture - e.g. for IMO Tier III:

• Type 23 Frigates – retrofit engines will have an

exemption – i.e. Insufficient space to fit SCR

• Type 26 Frigates – designed with space for SCR and

its consumables

National requirements

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• Commercial solutions, not always suitable

• Ballast water treatment systems not scaled for

frigates

• Issues relating to emission reduction

technology on warships include:

• Not matched to limited space

• Logistical support of consumables - e.g. UREA

• Effectiveness of solutions matched to limited

engine hours & significant periods at low

power

• Need to bypass – Emission reduction system

failure cannot effect ship availability/ capability

Current challenges

Prilled Urea

MTU SCR unit

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Reputational impacts of emissions?

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• Designed with energy efficiency in mind from the start

• Hydrodynamic efficiency

• Anti-fouling coatings (c3-5%)

• Stern flap (c2-3%)

• Hull form design optimised for operational profile

• Intelligent trim management

• Platform Management System prompts to operator

• Thermal insulation reducing heat gain/loss

• Prime movers – improved efficiency (MT30/MTU 20V4000N)

• HVAC variable speed drives (c33kW)

• LED lighting (c67kW)

• DG waste heat used to heat main gearing lubricating oil

• Waste heat recovery utilisation (c£4M+ in TLC savings)

• Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) with a bypass system

• Meets IMO Tier III requirement from 1 Jan 2016 in designated

areas

New Platforms - Type 26

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• Reduced emissions through reduced fuel burn

• Type 45

• Complex Cycle Gas Turbine

• Integrated Full Electric Propulsion (IFEP)

• QEC Aircraft Carrier

• Integrated Full Electric Propulsion

• Type 23

• Through life hydrodynamic performance enhancements

(transom flap, divergent propeller boss cone, rudder design, modified propellers)

• Incremental technical solutions (LED lighting)

• Behavioural change – getting better buy-in to ‘Trigger Trials’

• Foul release paints & optimising cleaning of fouled propellers

• Reduce activity

• Reduce fuel allocations and incentivise better behaviour – the ‘Green Duster’ award

Solutions within Existing Platforms

OFFICIAL© Crown copyright 2016

Mine Counter Measures & Hydrography

• Non complex mothership

• Use of Unmanned & autonomous off-board systems

New Ways of Achieving the Same Effect

Anti-Submarine Warfare Vision

• Manned & unmanned systems

• Networked

• Big Data

Modularity

• NATO interface standards

• Agility

• Force Multiplier

Synthetic Training

• Reducing requirement for organic training

Unmanned Warrior 16

Unmanned Warrior 16

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• Diversification of emissions

• Future potential regulation of Particulates,

Black Carbon, other trace elements

• Wider implementation of ECAs and

diversification of port regulations & taxes

• Monitoring, Reporting & Verification (MRV)

• Current focus on CO2 in EU and IMO, but…

• …future application to other emissions?

• Real time monitoring?

Future Challenges

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• Relying on exemptions to emission policy & regulation – not a long term solution:

• Could lead to increased cost, access and reputation risks

• Pressure to comply likely to increase with time – need to ‘show willing’ & ‘contribute’

to wider government targets

• Gearing of commercial solutions offers the navy options, but adaption likely to retain

military capability & availability

• Risks are only likely to grow

• Ability and desire to monitor emissions likely to grow – e.g. to support emissions

trading scheme

• Political and public awareness continues to grow

• Emissions and other Environmental Protection issues attracting significant focus

• Alternative ways of delivering military effect may contribute to reduction in emissions

across an expanding Navy

Conclusions