MEETING THE ANTI POVERTY TARGET energy efficiencies strategies and

Smart Energy Systems

- Energy efficiency: a pillar of Energy Union (security, europeanmarket, decarbonization of economy)

- (H&C) sector constitutes 50% of EU end energy uses: 80% in building sector (40% of end uses and 36% of CO2 emissions)

- In EU 45% of H&C energy uses is domestic, 37% industry, 18% services

- H&C is 75% up to fossil fuels- P8_TA(2016)0293 23-6-26 says that EU Directive EE (2012) e

Buildings (2010) do not find complete execution and EE couldbe a mandatory target in 2030 (-40%)

- Long term execution of EE may give priority to building sector(modification of art 4 e art 7)

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1. Energy efficiency (EE)/Overview

2. Long-term EE FinancingEurope: Horizon 2020 gives 2,5 billions for EE (vs 1,8 for FER) Strategic Investiment European Fund (FEIS) gives 300 billions

for EE. Italy has 315-825 billions throught Istituto Nazionale di

Promozione e Sviluppo (Cassa Depositi e Prestiti) which givesinvestment for 160 billions in 2016 2020 period, for:

Network realization Strategic infrastracture nodes Building retrofitting.

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- A roadmap for a decreasing of consumptions (50% at 2050)- Electrification as sustainability tool with RES and DEG (50% at

2050)- Final DEG implementation of program 2020-2050 (in 2007-

2013: +100%)- Final RES implementation and accompanying measures (2020-

2050) : 2030 (65% FER), 2050 (100%)- Supporting to storage evolution (included small size 10 kWh

100 kWh for domestic sector)- energy network vs information technology (VPP Virtual Power

Plant, Energy Cloud, IoT)

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3. Long-term strategies: match the Target (2030-2050)

Pathways of Deep De-carbonization in Italy, ENEA-ENI 2015

Pathways of Deep De-carbonization in Italy, ENEA-ENI 2015

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4. Tools for Actions in Europe (2020-2030)

energy consumptions reduction in building sectortwofold in (2016-2030) as referenced in (1990-2015)supporting BATheat pumps, micro-CHP, teledistrict H&C, storages,RES in cooling systemsenergy audit, consumptions accountability, users activityEGE, REDE, ESCo certified

the importance of Smart Energy Systems to implement energy security programs

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What is a Smart Energy Systems (SES)

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The experience of Sapienza University of Rome towards Smart Energy Systems:

the on-demand energy labRenewable electrofuels both for energy and trasportationPower-to-gas H2 for transport and building sectors, hydrogen injected into the natural gas grid or hydrogen with CO2 and convert to bio-methane (Sabatier), or using the output gas of a wood gas generator or a biogas plant, and mixed with the hydrogen to upgrade the quality of the biogas.Grid and storages options. By combining the electricity, thermal

and transport sectors, the grids and the storages in these sectorscan improve the energy system flexibility and compensate for the lack of flexibility from RESShort and long term storage options in an effective penetration

of renewables energy systems

Building B

HeatingSystem

CoolingSystemAdsorption

Chiller 17 kW

Chill

ed W

ater

HVA C

HeatExchanger

Hot

Wat

er

Chill

ed

Wat

er

Hot Water

70 kW

20 k

W

DC/ACConverter

5 k

W

Mixer

5 k

W

36 kW

POD

Electrolyser1 Nm3 /h5 kW el.

30 k

W

GridInterface

H2

NG

H2

Plug

in c

ar

Pure

H2

Fuel

cell

H 2N

G

Catalytic H2 Boiler5 kW

PVT Array5 kW

ICE CHPInternal

CombustionEngine

NationalGRID

National Pipeline

H 2N

G

GMT Gas Micro Turbine

Micro Smart Grid

Batteries5 kWh

15 kW

Sapienza micro-grid lab

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Hydrogen-driven Gas Heat Pump

Sapienza Universit di Roma CITERA - DIAEE

Desorption Absorption

Schematic representation of catalytic burner

Flameless combustion Low temperature

combustion No nitrogen oxides No backfiring issues

Burner modifications and substitution

Smart Energy Systems for a de-carbonization transitionThe energy system layout A composed of PV and two-stage Electric Heat Pump (EHP)

Smart Energy Systems for a de-carbonization transitionThe energy system layout B composed of Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector and Gas Heat Pump fuelled with H2NG

Smart Energy Systems for a de-carbonization transitionThe energy system layout C composed of CHP fuelled with H2NG and two-stage EHP

A B C GRID = 0.42 PTHR = 0.429

COPEHP=2.5 COPGHP=1.45 COPEHP=2.5 el,PV = 0.12 el,PV/T = 0.14 el,CHP = 0.33

h,PV/T = 0.36 h,CHP = 0.5 fH2=30%vol. ESH2=0.115 fH2=30%vol. ESH2=0.115

Calculation parameters for Energy Systems options

A

B

C

GRID = 0.42 PTHR = 0.429

COPEHP=2.5

COPGHP=1.45

COPEHP=2.5

el,PV = 0.12

el,PV/T = 0.14

el,CHP = 0.33

h,PV/T = 0.36

h,CHP = 0.5

fH2=30%vol. ESH2=0.115

fH2=30%vol. ESH2=0.115

Normalised Primary Energy Consumption vs. End-user PTHR with changes in plant layout

End-user PTHR vs. RES fraction with changes in plant layout

End user progressive involvement

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19

The role of the aggregator of energy

5. Social targets/1 EU Parlament resolution focused on end-user

centrality The increase of fuel poverty and its contrast with EE Costs increase for energy access because:

Raw material costs; Climate change policies costs; Incentives for RES and EE: often at the expense of

the end user vs fossil fuel state contribution

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100 Millions people in EU in energy poverty condition, enable to get energy servces and goods at a minumumlevel:

Need of suitable tools of poverty contrast: EU Directive on EE forces Member States programs about access

and security of energy sources and against the social disparity; Investment in EE and FER in the frame of SIE (structural

investments) funding starting from (2014 - 2020); Each State Member must give 20 % FSE resource(Europe Social

Fund) to EE program for social inclusion; Improve long term investment at high socio-economic returns.

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Social targets/2

An Observatory on fuel poverty:

Measuring and monitoring as reference of time; Updated knowledge about energy consumptions of

families; Definition of reliable socio-economic indicator.

at National and International level

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Social targets/3

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Conclusion

hybrid systems in building sector ad Smart Energy Systems for an effective transition towards de-carbonizationthe involvement of individualsthe position of HVAC Associations for EE strategies: innovative solutions for EElegislation and normativeindustry sectorengineers updatingcontacts with Institutionsacademic & researchmoving towards a social role including promotion of effective EE strategies based on new energy model, new energy finance, inclusion of individuals

livio.desantoli@uniroma1.itliviodesantoli@aicarr.org

MEETING THE ANTI POVERTY TARGET energy efficiencies strategies andSmart Energy SystemsSlide Number 22. Long-term EE FinancingSlide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 64. Tools for Actions in Europe (2020-2030)energy consumptions reduction in building sectortwofold in (2016-2030) as referenced in (1990-2015)supporting BATheat pumps, micro-CHP, teledistrict H&C, storages,RES in cooling systemsenergy audit, consumptions accountability, users activityEGE, REDE, ESCo certifiedthe importance of Smart Energy Systems to implement energy security programsSlide Number 8The experience of Sapienza University of Rome towards Smart Energy Systems: the on-demand energy labSlide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18End user progressive involvementThe role of the aggregator of energy5. Social targets/1Social targets/2Social targets/3Conclusionhybrid systems in building sector ad Smart Energy Systems for an effective transition towards de-carbonizationthe involvement of individualsthe position of HVAC Associations for EE strategies: innovative solutions for EElegislation and normativeindustry sectorengineers updatingcontacts with Institutionsacademic & researchmoving towards a social role including promotion of effective EE strategies based on new energy model, new energy finance, inclusion of individualsSlide Number 25