Poetrys Elements

SyntaxSyntax is a set of rules in a language which shows and how different parts of sentence are put together in such an order.

Diction = the choice of words in a particular situationSyntax = the chosen words are used to form a sentence

SyntaxThe general word order of an English sentence is subject, verb, and object.

In poetry, however, the word order may be shifted to achieve certain artistic effects such as bringing in a rhythm or melody in the lines, achieving emphasis, heightening connection between two words.

SyntaxFor example,We can simply say I cannot go out to convey our incapacity to do something, but Kavanaghs in his poem Beyond Decoration prefer Go out I cannot

SyntaxBeyond DecorationP J Kavanagh

Go out I cannot, nor can I stay in,Becalmed mid carpet, breathless, on the roadTo nowhere and the road has petered out

Figurative LanguageFigurative language means something other than the actual meaning of the words. (Non literal meaning)

Figurative LanguageSimile A simile is an explicit similar comparison between two different things. To show the similarity explicitly, words such as like, than, as, or compare are used.For example, you are like a star in the sky (laksana bintang di langit)

Figurative LanguageA Red, Red RoseBy Robert Burns

Oh, my love is like a red, red roseThats newly sprung in June;My love is like the melodyThats sweetly played in tune.

Figurative LanguageMetaphormakes a hidden meaning between two objects that are poles apart but have some characteristics common between them.For example, youre a cockroach. You is not an animal but human, and we can use this comparison to describe an association of a cockroach with you. Cockroach is a large brown insect that lives in where there is dirt.

Figurative LanguageMetaphor gives a life-like quality to the characters of the poetry besides a ways of thinking, offering the listeners or readers fresh ways of examining ideas and viewing the world.

Figurative LanguageHyperbolean exaggeration or over statement, usually deliberate and not meant to be taken literallyFor example, she rushed out of the room in floods of tears, when she was in Paris, she spent ton of money, Kemarahanku sudah menjadi-jadi hingga hampir-hampir meledaak aku.

Figurative LanguageAs I Walked One EveningW. H Auden

Ill love you, dear, Ill love youTill China and Africa meet,And the river jumps over the mountainAnd the salmon sing in the street,Ill love you till the oceanIs folded and hung up dry

Figurative LanguageLitotes / understatementUnderstatement in which the speaker uses a negative expression where a positive one would have been more forceful and direct.Untuk menyatakan sesuatu dengan tujuan merendahkan diri.Hes no HerculesKedudukan saya ini tidak ada artinya sama sekali

Figurative LanguagePersonificationthe assigning of human characteristics to non humans.The moon smiles at us. The trees are waving to the tiger. The wind touched my skin.

Figurative LanguageHave You Got a Brook In Your Little HeartEmily Elizabeth

Have you got a brook in your little heartWhere bashful flowers blowAnd blushing birds go down to drink,And shadows tremble so?

Figurative LanguageMetonymy / metonimiaa word which is used for something related to that which it usually refers to (Halliday, 1985:319). Metonimia suatu gaya bahasa yang mempergunakan sebuah kata untuk menyatakan suatu hal lain. (Gorys Keraf, 1981:142). Hubungan ini dapat berupa penemu dengan hasil penemuan, pemilik dan barang kepunyaan, dll.

Figurative LanguageKretek for rokok kreterk, blok M for pasar blok M, baju hijau for tentara, baret merah for kopasus,

Figurative LanguageFor example, screptre and crown for rulers, scythe and spade for commoners

Figurative LanguageParadoxa picture of contradiction will be a thing (as distinct from reality, with real meaning.) As Perrine said in his literature, structure, sounds and sense that the paradox is an apparent contradiction that is nevertheless somehow true (1987-604).

Figurative LanguageParadoxA term for a situation or statement that is or seems self-contradictory and even absurd, but may contain an insight into life (McArthur, 1996:348)

Mengandung pertentangan yang nyata dengan fakta-fakta yang ada (Gorys Keraf, 1981:136)

Figurative LanguageParadoxChild is father of the man (William Wordsworths My Heart Leaps up When I Behold,)Musuh sering merupakan kawan yang akrabIa mati kelaparan di tengah-tengah kekayaannya yang berlimpahh-limpah

Figurative LanguageIrony refers to words with an implication opposite to their usual meaning. Ironic comment may be humorous or mildly sarcastic.Well, thats a lot better, isnt it? you are very slimMulutmu harimau mu

Figurative LanguageThe Rime of the Ancient MarinerColeridge

Water, water, everywhere,And all the boards did shrink;Water, water, everywhere,Nor any water to drink

Figurative LanguageAntithesis a construction in which words are opposed but balanced in opposition (McArthur, 1996:72).Mengandung gagasan-gagasan yang bertentangan dengan mempergunakan kata-kata atau kelompok kata yang berlawanan. (Gorys Keraf, 1881:126)

Figurative LanguageAntithesis God and beast. To err is human; to forgive, divine. Better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heaven Kaya-miskin, tua-muda, besar-kecil, semuanya mempunyai kewajiban terhadap keamanan bangsa dan negara.

ExerciseFind a poem! Analyze its syntax and figurative language!