Medieval Europe

Hundred Years’ War and the Plague

Key TermsGreat SchismBubonic plagueHundred Years’ War

Great SchismKing Philip IV of France challenges power of the popePope dies and Philip persuade Cardinals to name a French pope and relocate him to France instead of RomeNew Italian pope named and caused problems, so a second pope was chosenOne pope lived in France, other in Rome

Great SchismThe Church was now dividedCardinals tried to end the Great Schism by choosing a single pope, making there 3 popesWith political help, Church forced all 3 to resign, and named one single popeChurch challenged by scholars, saying Bible was higher than popeScholars excommunicated and burned at the stake

Bubonic PlagueDeadly disease that killed one-third of the European populationBrought over through trade routes with AsiaQuickly spread through Europe

Bubonic Plague

Bubonic PlagueKilled ¾ of people that caught the diseaseAbout 25 million Europeans dead, and many more millions in Asia and N. Africa

Effects of the PlaguePopulation decrease in citiesTrade declines, prices riseMore serfs leave manors for better wagesNobles resist peasant demands, leading to a peasant revoltJews blamed for plague, persecuted, and even massacredChurch loses prestige because prayers for healing fail

Hundred Years’ WarEdward III of England claims throne of FranceDeclares war on France for throneWar lasts 116 years (1337-1453)Longbow changes war strategy

Joan of ArcVoices of saints told her to drive England out of FranceHelped lead France in battle and victoryEngland returned, capturing Joan, and handed her over to the ChurchChurch said she was witch because she heard voices, and burned at the stake

Impact of Hundred Years’ WarFrench eventually drive English out of FranceFeeling of nationalism in England and FrancePower and prestige of French monarch increasesWar of Roses in England, a fight between two noble houses for the English throneConsidered end of Middle Ages